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thm ? Tito*** lU-KV Tm - u^,?ii? * c?..? ?jr'*J %? ..Ii?eryuwi W ?"? ? *?"? ?k-rt ?? M ?MIU . *" ?**" VU h* '" *''**" rse s ?* ??i?iiw?? T??lr^ U?~. ?? Us.. !*?? tmmrnm*". ? ? ?" lUf b iMwml * . * __ " . linger *!?????????"'? ?? l*?P-""**** . A i. ?/si ?*??*? ?? ,kw~* ?*?? *a,w^ b*.ks. p~<-#< f*> ?' "*? r* > " p? if b* ? WIMMI" ? C?*W*?W. M ' v^itrS!1.* u *? 01 or ,?o(e !.*.? ?4U,.| tk*? m^rt-ovmU^rO'f I'j.i irrs. ...J ?<?'-<? ???????**. *?jr ?** ,wtll.. wd> I- ^a.tk-4 U. r~*..? P**" If*.,. U e.?V *?. wlwnl?l? M. ?< "TS'A 1,MbK<vu?Mi !?>???.*?,r,m'*r',u,Z ,?*? I ailan cuiutUMttM ?!*<>?? ????"??*" **?????? bii*:,?eul Mill IM* be rrn????i ?*?? ?*? M pa li pkospbc t ?j H Tiik tliMaMU* ?.n be devoid to lb* support ?t the nruicmles snd doctrine. ??* ?'* d?iiM>.rsii? ?? delimited b) M *?'<???. ?"J 4"" ' """' "" 'Z that political r?U>r... m lb* ?' national government. which ha. U cated by ihe general sufferage, MMsentlal 1"*" ?nd prosperity of it* country. and to the prrfrcUM ..-? perpetuity ol K? free institution. Al tin. u.i.r . .?*? fsr state of affairs is presented The ro....?rc.l ... tcre.ts of the country .re overwhelmed f j\ (Mat; it* monetary foncer... ??' jgJJJJJf*2? ,',.j every r?ioific?tion of joculy ?? by d-trew. ?'?> the social cJifk e **,.?. tlir. ?u-mJ with every ear i* tiileJ v.ttli pred.ctiona <rf Oil e,<^* " muring, of de.,K,nd.M,cy ; tht ge.?e?I '* boldly asaailed by a large and reai*ctlWe <*f Iku people, a. the d.reet e.u.e of tl?-.r d.ffi< ult.ea ; .pen resistance to the lawa ta puhlu-ly en?i?oragvd. a-K? a spirit of insubordination i* to.tereJ, a? a iie?r??arjr defence to the pretended usurpatitna of lha pari* "? power; aome, from wliwabetter tbWfa w*? l>op.d. are making the " confuaion *or.e confounded, by a l? ?d lonji pursuit of extreme notion# and indefinite plwiiloma, toully incompatible with a wbole?ome atate of the country. In the i.nd.t of all the* di?cuh.ea and ein barraaainents, it u feared that many of lb* Urn hrin ol the friends of the adiuiniatratiou and aupporters ol democratic principlea are wavering in their conWrnc*. and beginning, without juat cau?e. lo view with dialru* those men lo whom thry have been long attached, and whose elevation they have laboured to piomote from honest and patriotic inouvea Exulting in tiie anticipa tion of dismay and confusion amongst the support era ot -the administration as the consequence of iheae tiuuga, the opposition are conaoln-g themselves with the nlea that Mr. Van Uurcn's friends, as a national party, aie verging to dissolution; and they allow no opportunity lo pass unimproved to give cclat to their own doctrines They are, indeed, inalunng plans for their own future government of the country, with seeming confidence of certain success. This confidence is increased by the fact, that tisionarv theories, and an unwise adherence to the plan tor an exclusive metallic currency have unfortunately carried 6oiue beyond the actual and true policy ot the govern ment; and, by impairing public confidence hi the credit system, which ought to tie preserved and regulated, but liot destroyed, have tended to increase the difficulties under which the country la now laliouriitg. All t lie so seem to indicate the necessity of a new organ at the seat of government, to be established upon sound prin ciples, and lo represent faithfully, and not lo diota'e, the real policy of the administration, snd the true sentiments, measures, and interests, of the great body of its sup porters. The necessity also apjiears of the adoption of more conservative principles than the conduct of those seems to indicate who seek to remedy abuses by de stroying the institutions with which they are found con nected. Indeed some measure of contribution is deemed essential to the enhancement of our own aelf-respect at home, and to the promotion of the honor aud credit of the nation abroad. To meet these indications this undertaking has been instituted, and it is hoped that it will produce the effect of inspiring the tuntd with courage, the des|ioiidliig with hope, and the whole country with confidence in the administration of its government. In this view, this journal will not seek lo lead, or to follow any faction, or to advocate the views of any particular detachment ot men It will aspire to accord a just measure ol sup port to each of the co-ordinate branches of the govern ment, in the lawful exercise of their constitutional prerogatives. It will address itself to the understandings of men, rather than appeal lo any unworthy prejudices or evil passions. It will rely invariably upon the prin ciple, that the strength and security of American insti tutious tlopcnd upon the intelligence and virtue of the people. The M ioisonian will not, in any event, be msde the instrument of arraying the north and the south, the east and the west, in hostile attitudes towards each other, upon any subject of either general or local interest. It will reflect only that spirit and those principles of mutual concession, compromise, and reciprocal good-will, which so eminently characterized the inception, formation, and subsequent adoption, by the severul States, of the con stitution of the United States. Moreover, m the same hallowed spirit thai has, at all periods since the adoption of that sacred instrument, characterized its mcrtcNrc by the PKOPI.B, our press will hasten to its support at every emergency that shall arise, from whatever quarter, and under "whatever guise of philanthropy, policy, or principle, the antagonist power may appear. If, in this responsible undertaking, it shall be our good fortune to succeed to any degree in promoting ihe harmony and pros|>crity of the country, or in conciliating jealousies, and allaying the asperities of party warfare, bv demeaning ourself amicably towards all; by indulg ing personal animosities towards none; by conducting ourself in the belief that it is perfectly practicable to differ with others in matters of principle and of expe diency, without a mixture of personal unkindncss or loss of reciprocal respect; and by " asking nothing that is not clearly right, and submitting to nothing that is wrong," then, and not otherwise, will the full measure of its intention be accomplished, and our primary rule for its guidance be sufficiently observed and satisfied. This enterprise has not been undertaken without the approbation, advisement, and pledged support ol many of the leading and soundest minds in the ranks of the democratic republican party, in the extreme north and in the extreme south, in the cast and in the west. An association of both political experience and talent of the highest order will render it competent to carry forward the principles by which it will be guided, and make it uoeful as a political organ, and interesting as a journal of news. Arrangements also have been made to fix the establishment upon a substantial and permanent basis. The subscriber, therefore, relies upon the public for so much of their confidence and encouragement only as the fidelity of his press to their great national interests shall prove itself entitled to rcceivc. 1 THOMAS ALLEN. Washington City, D. C. July, 1837 EXCHAH6G HOTEL THE SUBSCRIBERS, having leased the Exchnnee Hotel, (bite Fnnes's,) nnd having fitted it up in lirst rate style, will tie prepared to receive visiters on MON l)\Y the 9ih inst. 'I he location of the hous.1, Ix-inn with in a few minutes walk of the depot of the Baltimore and Ohio, Washington and Baltimore, and Philadelphia Rail roads, as well as the Steamboat to Philadelphia, Norfolk, and Charleston, S. C., makes it a desirable place to all travellers going to either section of the country. This HOTEL attached to the Exchange Buildings m ihis eitv, has been erected and furnished at a ereat cost liy the pro prietors, and is desumed to tie a first rate hotel. It is Ihe intention of the subscribers to make it for comfort, re sjieetahilily, &C. &c., equal to any house in the United States. The undcrsiaued flatter themselves that they need only promise to all who may patronise the establish ment, that their best efforts shall tie exerted to please, and at charges which they hope will meet their approba tions. * . JEWETT & DE BUTTS Baltim'oie, Oct. 7, 1K37. -IwVJl SAMUEL,HEINECKE informs his friends and tfie public, that he has taken a room four doors north of Doetor Gunton's apothecary store, on ninth street, where h-will carry on his business. He feels confident, from Ins long experienee in cutting all kinds of garments, that general satisfaction will lie given to such as may favor mm with their custom. scp 'i3 3tuw3w WE II WE FOR SALE? ? V KM) pieces Black Silks, superior make 50 do Figured Blue Black do 1 ">o do Colored Figured Silks 100 do Plain do The atmve w ill be sold low. BRADLEY &CATLETT. 89?3taw3w (Globe.) * 4* 1 THE MADISON IAN. rtqfe=y?= " 'i| " - VOL. I. WASHINGTON CITY, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1 837. ? NO. 23. jg<?( (*?: It MNlHIItNO UoOUNi?Wa Utc for | Mif ?*? i?*T?ts carpetin*, which we ?ill aril low. Ml *t? Hturarla W ?l?? M. M. I'M. ami |?J-4 Linen Hluwliiut. 1MB *? t-?,?-? Bmnaly Diapers J ft ?, MM wwl MM fcu. | Clotha. Napkota to *>????!? I W* lami lhi)Mi I l*U autr l'r?k Ala. ?? Mata. 11 Ira Qui ha HHiDLCY 4 CATLETT. Hm |> 9- *w*w I itovibi atorisii ami gratkmI I 11% I I. J?a( received Ir-in I In North a tenr Itrnr aup jt!t u| Huneft, Umh i, ami JuuUr Illixk Tin Ware? ( .4., H ; ilt? DfCtaiJJ* It'll'!, ?\t* I Kmi1 Shut** I ?!????? aM ki)?U. aviita)il<- t.,r ? or tool. In the lirat |>( . I hate liw K.M.iry Cookm* ftlnvri ?f all (hi- differ >??1 *.*. No 0, 1,1 aid] T?a I Male Stiwraiit all the I |< I. r??i ai*.*, la?h lor rookia* ami plain. Pruuklin nl ail ifce J ff: rn.i aiar* I Hair Min*' wry spleu* j ill.I I'arbw (Mute* lor tmriun. ??-.-( or l?*m, C<iai Stove* ! j?II a>?r. I?? >i|??iw'* <" i^| Hlo?i ?, fancy and plain 1 i"p?,lr.>'? V> I t? S 1'iul (Kutniif otlwr kind*. l)r *V ??i"? t'?wl Ml ores and Ihe lilnlr Stovca'are uwat miiiI? | aWr Imi PuMie ortieea, tare* liatU, churches, stores, at il i atr*i?'?Mta. ??* ant aparlmrnl where on wi?|i a strong i bra! In tart I havr Ittuvr*th*) a ,|l treat aiiV place,either ? ilia a.K?l <?? e.al I have tli>' latent f?*lno<i Mantle lirat) a, both low ale I hi*h trout*, nr)f cheap-?and it i ha?' # < a pallet ii ?t Urate mi halt I thai will anil, I can inair it at the -tU-al notice, to a iit ant fancy I am lullt |'?r|?arr 11? ?t? ant Wind ol 'I'm, Copper, tfhect Inin, Hi'??r, lirati', l.< ad m /.inr ?>iri, at the shorten! notice A a* raou ot lwviii| Pilot ca ot Oritra from thr ?<i'?c ri'? r, or anfr otlwr tiling in hi* linr, will have Ihcin a. nl home in |r.??d order, ftc. o| an? ettra rh.kue. St..tea j laiU hr (Mil up rva.lt lot uae, free ot any ettrw chartfc. All ihe a'?o? aim tea will be a>>M n rv Uia, and all or ?tftra thanklullt reeri?e< ami peeetualh all. imI. <1 to, with I drapai. h a? I ?hall hiu a umt'vr ml lint rate workmen. li??donra K?a? of l> C'l?<Ht'? |)ri (loud fltori', nc*t door la K Ihft i Ami ion Mlorr, IVmi %> ri.KMKMT woonw \KI> H.'P? ?. (Intel and 4>Mm> ) titH rioaPM ri i or rMK 1*KW YONK R U VIE W *?o HI AHTIILT C M r H (' H lOt'RXAL. TMK plan ?( lilt* I'utili.'.itn>n tun'i^lM'* ? *ten.l. *l re viewaitf important ttiirka, and diacu??ion? of imjNir tant ?ii''i< rta in riftry d< |>arlinent ot Uterftturr and think inn, aiiiiilar in form and i nan net ol tl.riM* whK'h make up the cotrtt'iita of CJnartrrlt Ke%ii'i?a Ke?er?lly It prorMMe*. alao, a Iwief a?n\hri,/ nmr\ of the literary | proiliieii..n? ot . *ery currrnl ijuarter. with ahort ertttciU j indtratlona of their <'li.inict?r an i - alue iu their rt?|iecttve i dfiiartfttrnla. It eitihrar. ?, likewiar, a rrftater of tl>< m<Mt uniioitlint rvrnta and faeta in tke literary and lelmioua world, par tii-ularly in reference to lft>- atate and prog re *? >jl the Chnrrh The iiBJBVT of the whole work ia to ftxhilut. n<i fur u* (MMaitile, every thin* mo?t lnij'ortiiit to a jtiat eat I mate III j the eharacter ol the time*. "?nd ol the inlelleeliiiil unit ! inornl movement of a<K?iety ; to ptO'lHite the mlrreat* of | lin>>d literature, aound thinkin*, relutou, and Chriatian orvler. , In llua veneral t?me and apint, it will lai run- j formed to the principle* ot the I'lutratnit Kptac<i|i.il Church. The rout union ol the truth aAdttttporUnre ol theae principlea, a? they are lie Id in the unttv of the Church, maintained in a free and iinenmproini*>nK, yet liberal, candid and roni'llutUng apint, will cooatilule the unity of the wnrk. A i laiinem. nta have Seen made to aecurn the aid of the l"'?t writer* thronehoiit the eountrv ; and no jmiii? or et (u rinemil lw apaml to make tin* p uldtcatioti a woik of the hi*he?t ehararter. 'It r i?t?The work will contain an avernee of i.V> pa tea to t'.ieh nuinU'r, and will In' fnrniahed to SuttacrilM'ra at Five l)ollur? a year, patahle on delivery ?f the lirat num ber Any peraon hecoiniu^ rcaponaible lor *<* eo|>iea, ?hall receive the wventh Copy cralia. All Comuiuniralnmi on the iMiaineaa concern* of the Renew, t<? Im> aildreavd to the Puliliaher, lieorne l>e?r I anil Co., :W tiold at New York. Other cooinninica- j tioua to be addreaaed to the Kdtlor, care of Georite Dear born. (let. A. IIANK OF WAHHl?IOTO!f. 2!)rH Afoo?T, 1837. AT the reinilar mertinj[ of th'' lio:?rdtht* day, pre*etit, the Preaiilent and nine of the Director*, it waa una ni inotialv Jt'unlrrH, lat That r?n and after the fir*l of Septeinlier , ne*t the note* of thi* Bank lie redeemed tn apeeie. 2d. That all depoaitea reinaiMin* undrawn, (the aamr j havin* neutly all lieen ree.-ived aince the Win petition <>f j apecie payiuenta,) and all future depoaitea, other than j audi a* ni iy lie made in apeeic, and he at the time a?> en tered, be payalde in note#"current in the Diatrict ol Co- j lumhia. 3d That all collection* for B.ink* and individual*, and all curtail*. I?e received in note* enrrent a* alaive ; and that all aura* ao collected lie paid in like inndx VV , t!l N TON, I'reatdent. j JAS. ADAMS, Cuahter. fiteialfl From iht J'rnn- Van Dtmorrat ocn baskhu kyntiiji. Continual ch.irj<ei are bronchi a?ain>( our bink iny py^tcm.?The one of ni.mopolr. niul exclusive privileges have been re-ech'ied by uutij?The question is now b.-in^ drav^ed to the polls and the | bmkM are to b ' crushed through an tiUHUte tear of monopoly and corporations. Qivins the broad in- ' terpretation to the word "mouopeny," which the! radicals do, every branch of business recognized by law is a monopoly, becausc not alike open to all. There are many monopolists, in this sense, besides the binker. Lawyers, physicians, merchants, far mers, mechanics, arc all, in a certain deprce, mo nopolists. But this is an unfair attitude in which io present the question. There are considerations to be presented, other than those of "equal ri^hOf," as they are fond of terming it. 1. The btnkintf system is intimately connected with the trade, credit, and welfare of the whole community. To destroy it, is to ruin the country. ii. In the absence of a suHicient quantity of the precious metals, it is the only medium of furnishing an adequate and solvent currency to the people. 3. It is the cheapest, safest, and most convenient agency, which a government can employ in its li>cal concerns. 4. It furnishes at the present crisis the only mean of purchasing the staple products of the country from the fanner, and of carrying ihetn to marke'. 5. It is the only certain way by which the mecha nic and laborer can carry forward their business, and be rewarded for their toil and industry. It is not pretended that the bunking system i> per fect. It needs many alterations and corrections. Our language is "reform and regulate, but do not destroy. ?To persevere in a course of korfililti to irards nil bank*, and especially to thstolrr porrnt mrnt connection with thnn, will produce the following results. 1. An indefinite postponement of specie pay ments. [ S2. An insolvent, fluctuating, exclusively piper currency at first, and 3. A total absence in the end of a circulating medium among the people at all, for any of the pur poses abjve named. 4. A total prostration of credit, confidence, aud good faith. 5. The want of a market for produce, and m.mu ! factures, and of a standard by which to regulate the prices of produce and labor, and totally 6. Uuneral bankruptcy,distress and ruin. We think this sufficient to tneet all charge* of' monopoly. Our banking system is too firmly inter i woven with the business of the country, to produce different results.?A well regulated banking system is that well regulated "credit system" which all ! approve. These arc not our opinions alone They were the opinions of President Jackson, in his Me**.i,re j of 1M35; of Mr. Van Buren, In hi* letter to Hhernai ! Williams; of Mr. Rives, in his speech <m the l?e posite Bill; of Mr. Wright, in his speech ol J.inu- j ary, 1H34, on the Deposite Bill; of Mr W<**lbiry. I in his report as Secretary of the Treasury, in I>?*- i ccinb-r, IKI4; of Gov. Campbell, in his last Message I to the Virginia Legislature; of the Albany Republi- j can Committee, in their late Address, ot Mi tin j land ot Virginia, in his letter to the Charlottesville | Republican; of the Republican Member* ol Con-1 i nrres> from Neu Vork [among whom were Mc*srv , I W right, Tallmadge, Beardsley, Cambrelcng, Oillet, Howell, Mann, Vanderpoel, Ward, White, &c J in , j their address to their constituents, June, 1KM, and j lastly ol the veteran Ritchie of the Richmond Ln- ^ j quirer, in the article we copied in the Democrat last week. With such lights to guide us, we cannot gander. From thr lluilton [ .V. T ] (iizrttr Tlie creation of Sub-Treatury office* a* the dej>o?i. tone* of the public money, appctrs not to meet with a cordial reception from the people, and i* considered as contradictory to the wish expressed by the President j in his message, " of the withdrawal from the Ktecutite to the greatest practicable extent, of all concern til the custody and disbursement iu the public revenue " From the Forth Am<i van. [A new paper juat commenced at Philadelphia] Ohiuinal H*iiinhc?k?m.?The following article contributed to our column, by au aged citixe.i> ?? grcal interval. The domealMS manner. and U..I. O luch a iiud .. Washington tie ii.tercsU.ig even ... tl*>r minut-at delatl, and ^ deem ourselvea pecuUrly lo' tunsle ... I iavuig aecured iho aid ol so valuable ?"rl'r ?. our reminiscent Tlu. aource from whence the re collection of by-gone days emanate "? ? eu itu'.r authenticity, and U*y will be conUnued .1 short iiittivill. lor some time to come, our render* will have spread before them tli. pcraonal knowledge o one o ' ihe olden tune, who moved and mixed among Hie great nud good of our revolution.ry fathers. UKXlNIMKIICBii OK OKN. WASHWUTOS. And of tht CuigretM trhtch m! in Philadelphia while he trat Pr etude nt. After a great deal of talking, ami writing. and eontro verey. about the permanent .eat of Congress under he oreaent coualitulion, it was determined that Philadel phia .bould be honored with it. prebence lor ten yeare. and that afterward, its permanent location should the City of Waslungton, where .1 now u. In the mean | lime, the federal city wa? in building, and the egisla ture of Pennsylvania voted a euin ol money to build a . houM- lor tho I'reaident, perhaps with some hope, that i Ihi. might help to keep the .eat of the geliefal govern ment in the capital?-for l'h.ladelnhia waa then c""aidcr- | ed the capital of the .late. What wa. lately the m ver.ity of Pennsylvania, waa ihe atruclure erected lor Uua purpose. Uul sa .oon an General W aahington , mm, it. diiuenaious, and a good while before it waa iiuahed, he let it be known lhat he would nol occupy I it?that he ahould not certainly go to the(expense ol uurcha.ii.g furniture fur such a dwelling. r or it is o Iw understood, lhat in tho.e days of .tern republican lain, nobody thought of Congress yum.**.** the1 resi- I dent's Ii?um! ; or if perchance such a thought jlid en- i ler into ?oiue aristocratic hesd. it was too unpopular to J be uttered. , , ? nC 1 I'reaident Washington, therefore, rented a house o | Mr Hubert Morris, in Market .treat, between tlfliand i Sixth .treeta, on the South .ide, and furnished It hand; | aomely. but not gorgeoualy. There he lived with . Ira. | VVaahiiigton, Mr Lear his private Secretary and us Mile anil Mr? Washington's grandson, Curtis, making a pail ol the family. Voung Curiia had a |?rivatc tutor employed by the President, who was engaged to attend on hi. pupil one hour iu the winter mornings, before breakfast; and who then commonly breakfasted with the I'reaident and hi. lamily. Tho President ate In- | dian cakes for breakfast, af.er the Virginia laehioii; al though buck-wheat cakea were generally on llie Utile. Washington's dinner parties were entertained in a verv handsome style His weekly dining day for com pany wa. Thursday, and hi. dining hour was four ./clock in the afternoon His rule was to allow five ininnie* for the variation of clocks and waclies. and then 0.1 to Ihe table, be present or absent whoever might tie kept hi. own clock iu the hall, just within the out ward door, and always exactly regulated. W hen lag ging members of Congress came in. as thev often did , alter the guests had sat down to dinner, the 1 resident s | only apology was, "Gentlemen, or sir, we are too nunc- j 111 a I for you I have a cook who never asks whether j the company ha. come, but whether the hour has | come," , The company usually assembled iu the draw ing room, j aliout fifteen or twenty minutes before dinner, and the j President spoke to every gue.it personally on enter- i irtg the room He always dressed in a stnl of black, , hi. hair pondered, and tied in a black bag behind, with a very elegant drcas .word, which he wore with inimi table grace. , ,, I Mr. Washington often, but not always, dined with j the company, sat at the head of I lie tabic, and if, as was j occasionally the case, there were other ladies present, I they sat on each side of her. The private secretary | .at at the foot of the table, and was expected to be spe cially attentive to all the guests. The Pieaidenl nun- j self sat half way from the head to the foot of the table, | and on that aide which would place Mrs Washington, though distant from him, oil lite right hand. He always, unless, a clcrgymsn was present, asked a blessing at hia own talde. in a standing oosture. If a clergyman was present, he waa requested to ask a blessnig before, and return lhanks after dinner. The centre of tho table contained five or six large ?ilver or plated waiters?those at the ends circular, or rather o\?i at one aide, so as to make the arrangement correspond with the oval shape of the table. Tlie wai - , rs between the end pieces were in the form of psrallcl lograins, the ends about one-third part ol the length of Ihe sides , and the whole of these wallers were filled with alabaster figures about two feet high, taken from the ancient miihoiogy. bul none of them such aa to ol fend in the smallest degree against delicacy. On the outside of the oval formed by the waiters, were placed the various dishes, alwaya without covers ; and outside the dishes were the plates. A small roll of bread en closed in s napkin, was laid on the side of each plate. t he President, it i. believed, generally dined on one dish, ami that of a very simple kind If offered some thing. either in the first or second course, which was verv rich, his usual reply was, " that it is too good for | ma'" lie hail a silver pint cup or mug of beer pUceU by hit pkte, which he drunk out of while dining. He took one glass of wiue during dinner, and commonly one after He then retired (tho ladies having gone a little l>efore him,) and left his secretary to superintend , the table, till the wmc-bibbcrs of Congress had satisfied | themselves with drinking. His wines were always the , be.t lhat could bo obtained. Nothing could exceed the order with which his table , was aerved?every servant knew what he was to do, and did it in tho ino.t quiet and useful manner, the i dish< s and plates were removed and changed with a si- | lence and speed that seemed like enchantment. Congress Hall was the building now occupied as a Court liouae, at the corner of Chestnut and Sixth streets Except a vestibule, about 15 feet wide on Chestnut street, the whole of the ground floor of this building was formed into s llall or < lumber for the House of Representatives. There waa no door open ing into Sixth Street, and the Speaker a chair with two desks?the one on the r.ghl hand of (he Speakor forthe clerk of the House, and the one on the left for the chap lain. were placed directly ophite to w|vrrcthc door or entrance from Sixth street is now placed The chair of the Speaker was one platform of two atepa elevation ? tin- seats for ihe iimsiiiIkts w ere in three tiers in the form a section of a large circle, one behind another all front ing the Speaker's chsir, sod those back of the front tier were raised, the firat one step, and the bsek tier two atcps. The chaira for the members were mahogany, with stuffed seata and aims; snd s mahogany desk, with a drawer snd key slood before each chair I here was a ranmstcr round the whole segment of the circle . behind the last tier of seats ; and the wall of the hou.o. , The chamber was wanned by large open stoves, com monly csllcd Franklin sieves. two adjoining the wellI on Sixth strei-t. and two on the opposite wall 1 h. til used was alwaya of the best hickory wood I here w.s but one gallery ... tl?e H? l??MUtives t l.a.n H r-rn'e - .cr.H.. the side ol tb- liousr on IWout ^ vrring th^ whole of tin- vestibule, and a frw feet within The ho 1.mr 1.1 rin-stnul?at Ibe other eml of tl?e ch. ni?er w':,;r2w.j.<i?.?*?' ??a wt,rn (he weather wa. temperate and ,4easanl. s.kI sisnaS tE,ttrJsc^s Ihe *** 1 ^ ,h<? ,.ry. .. Hoo^s and o.|e ^ "Th";EJ M... tw ! ' i lll n tK.. chamlwl. WO ... gr,H,d. s l.tlU fun.ituif umeetl in ll? ^ ( (>,(| ^ ortl41nr,ll more shoav lh? ? length portr.it. ol the K...g .nd consisted m the ' .1 - | \|.ne AntooMMtC. Queen of Irs.^e, 1^ * > r r** Z11Z wafw.. format Th.? P ou, re o ? w a ^ ^ M C^^ m. tuna were a ro>. ^ u, ^ ? ... M,.l lh,t ami were of thef <i>a g,,rt.n Mrrr remarkahlv thrjike." 7* 0^r^..s might he. the g. a. to tsart, bul fcntf^ rjr wrra tba moat .he ^gn, colony a e (m,( (, ^ ? |n lbl. couo 1 , Ihln an, 'hat h.ve s.oce been wrn. -perhaps than a..jr eW(#|| ^ - SUSt'Se 'EtT and ^ ? *?" roW,.. or ?uje dies., awl nothing could exceed tjw rxquuite tints and fiuiah of the draimry. framing ot the picture, w.., in .ttikuJ. ? .plendfd a. that which it enclosed. 1'? fJf both, which were perkupa a foot and ? half in width. were carved in a inaaterly manner, exhibiting thear n of France, and other aign. of royalty, and covered with a thick gillldliig, that had much the appearance o?o id gold. Tim r let urea hung on the op|M?.ue wall to lh* on which the Vice Pre.ideuf. chair wa. pplaced front",? that chair In the height of the Ire, eh revolution there waa aoroe talk of renwviug or co vering thnao picture.; but they remained till the transfer of Congress to Washington, and were nevi r covered Wlwt ha. become of them ia unknown lo the Keniiiiiacenl; he think, he baa heard of thein once .nee their re.no,noval to Washington, but that was lo..;, .n ce. He hope, thev were not destroyed in ihe of the public building. at Washington by the Int .h - If not, lhey ought s.irely lo be carefully preserved, not only a. memorials of the donor., but as specimen* of the art of painting in France at the time they were Ulh was in the Senate chamber, and in the of both homes of Congress thai V\ ashing on i e hi. siteecbea?for he did not send them by his .cire tary. in the form of a message. 1 his was a prai ice in iroducod by Mr Jeffurson, and has bcon continued ever since. But Washington made Ins communication. at ever)' opening of Congress in person 11,1 that ihc houses wore m session and ready to " ? communications, he replied to ihe committee ha ed on him, that he would meet Congress the next d y at 12 o'clock. And lit. pnuctuality wa. such, that he never varied one minute Irout the tune that u. ' He genially entered the outward door of the buildup while the town clock wa?%txjkmg twelve. When ho camo into the Senate chamber, the mem bers all rose, and bowing to thorn, gracefully, he too* his se.it, and at the same time the members resumed theirs He commonly sat about three or lour minutes, dnrin" which time he took his spectacle* from the side pocket cf his coat, and his spee. i. from another pocket and placed both ou his knee, casing Ina cye. over the audience. He then put on his spectacles took Ins speech in his left hand. rose, and immediately began to read, the members remaining seated. He re.ui in. speeh audibly, distinctly, and without hesitation, he was not what would bo called an accomplished reader He occasionally, in an interesting part of his apwen. enforced what he said, by a motion with bis.right hand ?the gesture was not violent, or even what i* called bold ; but it indicated earnestness, and was graceful y made When he had finished Ins speech, he bowed to the Congress, and the members rose while he retired. SPEECH OF Mil. OAIIIiAND, OK VIRGINIA, l In the House of Representatives of the U. S. Sept. '25, 1837?in opposition to the bill , reported by the Committee oj Ways and Means, entitled, " A bill imposing additional duties as depositories i/i certain cases on publite officers, and for other purposes : (Concluded.) Havin" thus, Mr. Chairman, attempted to prove the safety and capacity of the State Banks as fiscal and commercial agents, shown their present solven cy, vindicated the. propriety and necessity ol heir coarse in suspending specie payments, andurgt d m> j objections to ike S*b-Trtamry sttovu, I will now . offer to the cointnii.ee a few brief remarks in sup- I port of the proposition which, by the kind indulgence of the House, I have had the honor of laying b-fore j " The scheme which I have presented is substantial ly the "currency bill" which passed buLh Houses of , Congress at the late session ot Congress, and which was retained bv the late President under the ajipte- | hension that its construction might require the inter- , vention of the Judiciary, on accoum of some^ p posed ambiguity in its language. The sub5tantial | features of thin bill, requires the notes of all specie pan in" banks to be received in payment of the pub ic revenues whether derived from foreign importa tions, public lands, or any other source and restricts anv distinction b 'tween different branches of the re venue, and for the purpose of enlarging the specie circulation of the country, by such a gradual process as to prevent any shock in the business and com merce of the country. It provides that the notes of no specie paying b inks shall ba received which shall not immediately discontinue the issue and circula tion of all notes under five dollars, and at given pe riods thereafter, all notes under ten and twenty dol lars It also provides for the continuance of such ot the present deposite bulks as are sound and in good credit as depositories of ihe public money, upon he condition o fa (Fording such coll it ral security as he Secretary of the Treasury, in ihe exercise o! a sound discretion, may prescribe. This bill only pre sents the "eneral features of a scheme which may be matured by amendments adapted to the present em birrasscd and emergent condition ot the c"u"try This bill also proposes a restriction ot the number of State Banks ty be continued as depositories of the public money within such bounds as to make it their interest to adopt the measures of reform in the cur rency which experience has proved lo bs necessary for its extension, its credit, and its soundness. Tins number will be in the discretion of Congress This plan had the countenance, and was recommended b) the late administration, as well as by the present se cretary of the Treasury. It was earnestly and re peatedly urged, and many of the states have a^pted their legislation to its prinelp es, and that then is now no just cause for its abandonment?nor has the T,r..vctii state of things stripped it of any of its ad - 1 ibiSl I taw satisfactorily unless 1. bs nsMsmiyto 1 the system that banking institutions should be mfal libit nnd conducted by infallible men, which is unat ^n Resenting this scheme, I have done it under the impression which seems generally to prevail tha the Sing institutions of the country would not be abandoned, and that their notes under those modifi cations and restrictions which experience might fr,.m lime to time prove to be necessary, would con stitutea material part of the currency of. the iwubiit. If this impression be true, nnd no es of binks shall continue to constitute a material part ol the currency of the country, I regard it as strictly proper, and - ;;;,e'd necessary, that the Federal Government should so rc nilate its actions in reference to the currency, which the stales, in the exercise of their sovereign rights have thrown into circulation, as to give to [t as much credit and soundness as possible, becausc hv suTh a course the intercourse between the states will b- more regular, more uniform more hnrmon - ous more convenient, and more cordial. But it Is said bv some thai Congress has no constitution Mwer to legitamite h ink notes so far as to compel ihe Government to receive them. Bir. this notion i of .n,Klein origin, and is opposed toJihe ,i,?,n which this Government has acted irom almost j!L loin,daibm. It is true this Government to. no .H.wer lo e nit pai>er tnoiiev, it can make nothing but Kl '^^r/orthat is the standard .ol value of He world But there is a material distinction b. im-en c0.*ihi[ money and receiving public die. a , uoi s,-.- any constitutional restriction upon tin ( . vernrwni in receiving a promise to pay m a bank II. or in a ...erchants I md. I *?.***?J1 'J* ,K ?. rof the Government to receive its au^'n,a"> thing ii in.iv deem in? -si expedient, and such ii. . instant and undeviating practice. The bill which I have submitted, Fop1*?" en Urge the sp.-eie cireulalion ol ihe country b> SLiEly re'iiing the 'smnerdenom.nuon, ari l introducing in their sU :1^ a "Vwl , until the i> .n This, sir, I propose slep by step to do, until me in s illi' cir. illation sLill be s,. enlarged.as to con- . tit.- the inaierial pa|s-r circulation to their / f i' ,,,<1 rr, rommerrial transactions. And untilJhe mt I,ill! bi-is shall assume such a relation to the p pt nreiilation as to secure without diffleu^lt> tlie c m x rtihilitv of the paper into specie. It is an aa ,ril principle, lhat no:cs and coin of the same d n - value of Ihe coin makes it a subject of commerce, an t It alwavs seeks distant employment, when th? re ? a local and less valuable .'nrrency to MIPP^ ''s l.. .1 circulation The plan which I Pr<T?T; s^ * f prevent this effect by r.-siricting the ctreu'ation of it , ??? in an amount above the denomination com in circulation, so as to that amoun , to render and if bv the oiH-ra.onoMlis .limit aha H b- found expedient still iarth r to rt Lr "t bank notes, it can be done by ihe aid ol that expt riei.i- . win. h the progress o( the plan "j "l?. Whi. h Will b-a sure guide to truth In the ,hs. ussi.rti ..r this subject, I Shall not find it necessa rv .o d - ranch more than ref r to the ^penenceof two of the most commercial nations ot 1 he world, Clteat Bi .lain and France, and the opinions of same of tlie mosi distinguished statesmen aud financiers of Great Britian and the United Slates. The Bank of England in 17'J3, became seriously and alarmingly embarrassed, on account of the immense reduction of her bulHoo, and the heavy demands of depositors, the resnlt of which was a suspension of specie pay ments; up to this time, the bink was not authorised to issue notes of less denomination that f> pounds, to nrev,"it drivinsr from circulaiion coin of small de nominations. Thesuspension was leff.li/ed by Act of Parliament, and the built to supply the vacuum created by the withdrawal from circulation o( small coin, which had been exported to the eon ineiii, was | authorized to is-ue notes ot ? I and ?2 denoimna-1 lions. These noies were issued to a large amount, and circui .led to a greal extent, the result was, what I always will tv, the expulsion limn circulaiion <>t nearly all coins of the same denomination*. Such ; were the etfec:s of this act in enlarging the issues <>l the paper medium of Euglaiid, and expelling us b il-1 ! lion, thai afi*r manv efforts, in lriib this law was le- . pealed, aud the buik required in 1H29, to re-: sirict its paper to the issue ol i.5 notes and over The cflect of this rej?eal, has baen so to enlarge the spccie, as to secure the ?wwii bilitVof the paper circulaiion. The Bank of r ran* t is prohibited from issuing notes b^low five hundred j franks, .-.bant of our money. This b mk was | chartered in 1800, and the letriction imposed in M I ' From that Iirue to the present, notwithstanding, the calamities of war, two Invasions, and several com I menial revulsions, the currency of France has re I mlined sound and uniform, and the. paper of the bink in good credit. Austria and Russia, who are i making vigorous exertions to enlirge their cotn i mer. e, have adopted the Bank of France as a model lor their imitation, and have incorporated, banks; I upon the same principle. It would seeiu to me, that i with such examples b fore us, there could be little | doubt of the correctness ot the principle ot the Dill, which l propose. But, sir, 1 will add to this evi dence by citing of the opinions of some ot the most distinguished statesmen and financiers ol Great Britain, who were witnesses of the operation ot the bink restriction in England, and iis injurious etlccts upon the currency of the country. The celebrated E lraund Uurk, among the last leUers which he ever wrote, in one addressed to Mr. Canning, upon the subject of the issuing of small notes, said: I'll Mr. Pitt, that if he consents to the issue ot one pm'N" notes, A- will nersr see a z%u#a again. 1 his prophecy was uvll ui^li bv'in^ fulfilled, and was proo?blv only prevented from fulfillment by the ie- j peal of the restriction. Mr. Huskisson, one ol the purest and one of the ablest ol statesmen, and one ol | the most skilful financiers of this or any other age, in a speech delivered in Parliament,on the 15m day of February, 1822, upon the agricultural distresses ] of Great Britain, said: ?' In England it mill formed a considerable part of our circulation, ihcre being iheu no circulating paper , under five, and only to a small extent, uuder ten pounds. j The first cffect of this restriction was, to add lo I lie pa- , per circulation bv enlarged issues, not only from the na- [ lioual banks of England and Ireland, but also froin all the country banks. This addition continued gradually j to increase, and especially in the notes under five ( pounds. Every increase for the first, two or ihree years j was a diminution in the value of money, but nol a dc vrcnation Wt.v ! Because the gold left the country, a* the paper became its substitute, and by tins process, ( the exchanges were kept at or near pur. I lie e - | feet of this exportation of our coin was everywhere to, lower the value of money, and by so doing, to keep it j upon a level with its diminished value in this country. I "In the progress of this operation the United King dom was drained of all .Is gold. There would, bowev er, have been no real depreciation of the paper substi- j luted in its siead, if. by imposing proper bunts upon the issues of that paper, the par of exchange with foreign ] countries (which is necessarily equivalent wuh the | standard of the gold coin in this country) had been made the criterion of its value. But the issues of paper not being confined within those limits, depreciation took ' " The consequence, therefore, of the bank restriction was two-fold first, a diminution in the value of mo ney generally, but without depreciation; and second ly, a depreciation specially superadded m this country, the degree of which at atiy particular period was the diffeicnce between the standard and the market price of | "old. Bv the first result, the price of commodities, in cluding of course all ihe raw production* of the soil, was raised generally. 11) the second, tins general rise of prices was carried still further in tins country, in pro portion to the depreciation. The actual depreciation, therefore, as it was not ihe sole cause ol the rise ol prices (speaking now of that rise only in as far as it was influenced by changes in ihe value of money) during the war, so it cannot be taken as the measure ol the fall of prices since 1819, unless we could have got rid of the depreciation without recalling into our own use a part of the gold which had been ex|?rted, or in any degree diminishing the extent in which credit had become a substitute for actual payments I bat tall must be still greater, if, instead of importing gold for | circulation here, the greatest part of it has been with drawn from circulation in other countries, to be buried in tlie vaults and cellars of the bank. The proportion of the rise of prices generally during the war. and of all since the peace, not in England only, but in all oilier countries, froin these alternate operations, may be diffi cult to estimate ; but it must be considerable ; and the more so, as other countries, as well as England, ha also a depreciated paper, and have since endeavored to rcpluce it by a metallic currency. In a specch delivered by him on the lO.h day of | February, on the Bank charter bill he said ; ?'If they wished for a proof of the value of a steady, unchangeable currencv, they had it in tho example ol j France That country had been twice invaded j twice had her capital been taken possession of; and she had been compelled, in 1816 and 1817 to pay large sums to foreign countries for corn. But she had a steady me tallic currencv ; and however such visitations might have affected the great?however the extensive con tractor might have been injured or rumcd-lhc g ?a body of the population remained unmolested 1 h. storm which uprooted the forest tree, had passed over without injuring the humble reed ; and this was mainly to be attributed to tho permanent footing upon which the currency of the country had been placed. "If the plan of his right honourable friend car ried into execution, lie was satisfied it would have he effect of making the country banker as sensitive on the subject of the exchanges, and as watchful of any unfa vorable turn winch might lake place in them as h Bank of England now was, He-would carefully watch the circumstances which were calanlated to bring gold into, or send it out of, the country ; and this caution be ing timely impressed upon him, the danger would in a measure, lie passed. There would then be no fear of | any agitation or convulsion in the country, as the inte rest of every banker would compell hun to provide himself for any coming emergency; m Other words everv country banker would feel an equal interest with tlu Hank of England, in watching the state of the cur rency, and guarding against its fluctuations. 44 If then, it was nectary, for the best interests of , the country, that the currency should be established on a sound and solid foundation, and that the country banks should lie prevented from drawing the metallic currency out of the kingdom, by the issue of these small notes, the next question was?whether this was a proper time for carrying the messure into execution ? But before he touched upon this, perhaps it would be proper that he should make one preliminary observation respecting tlu- country banks. Vie was far from being hostile to these banks. On the contrary, he though they would be of great service to the country, provided thev were placed under projier regulations He wi.-hed to save these banks themselves from tho consequences of their own proceedings?from the liability of each ?o be ruined by the failure of the others. But, lo effect this, they must be prevented from issuing pa per as low as the highest denomination of the metal lic currency of ihe country. They must not be permit ted to wsue their one-pound notes?corresponding with ihe sovereign?the highest denomination or metallic currency. To give them tlie prn ilege of making such iiihdcs wss, ...fact, to permit them to assume the pow er* of the prerogative Ut them continue to t?^ per, and to extend an act upon (lieu credit; but let the | not issue their small notes, aud thereby trenih [ j the prerogative." In the same debates these opinions were conned in by many other distinguished in , js jri prevailed. This bill as 1 ^ " ?n(i.ltj(,ns of the strict accordance with the rcc"'1' 1 iburv, 'he late President Mr. , ?f im31 before re Committee of Ways nnd r ? policy of the terrcd to and in lact was "|his >nd ,0 supply late adminiijratton. l p^ fc| )han , am | arguments of more Ore ^ ^ ^ Jarkwn', Me-s j Mg'^of Dcccinb.T, 1*34. Speaking upon this subject. | he says: " Those institutions, (the State B inks,) hive aire idy shown th-ms-lves co.np'tent to purchase, a ui furnish dom'stic e.echang for the convenience of trad', at rtasomble rat:s, and wit a doubt it entertained th it in a short p.nod, au. tub wants op the coc'ntjy iv Disk accommodation* and bxchamok, will be sup plied as promptly and cheaply as they have heretofore been by lie Bank of the United Stales If the several Stales shall be induced gradually to reform their bank ing syst-nu,and prohibit the issue of ai.i. smaij. wires, We sh ill in a few years, hart a currency as sound, ami a - litUe li'M ? to fluctuations, as any other com.nerciul count ry," In Ills annual message of December, 1?33, Gen. Jackson saiii; " It is also ascertained, that instead of being n'crssa rily ottds to promote lh-. evils of an unchecked paper system, the management of the revenue can be made au ciliary to the reform which th- Legislatures of seve ral of th,1. St U s have already comnrnc d in regard to to the suppression of small bills ; and which has only to be fostered by proper regulations on the part of Con gress, to secure a practical return, to thr extent required for th' security of the currency, to the constitutional medium. S-vered from th' Oooerwuenl as political engines, a id not susce/di'de of dangerous extension and cam'niiation,th ? Stat? Banks will not be tempt d. nor will th-y have th- power which w- have seen exercis'd, to dicrt the yublic funds from th? leg it until'- purposes of li: (J)orrn-n-iii. Vie collection and custody of the revenue being, on the contrary, a source of credit to th'm, will increase th" security which th' States pro vide for a faith fu' eje rut ion of their trusts, by m iilti plyina thu scrutinies to which l.'i ir op rations ami ac counts will b~ su'ipclcd. Thus disposed, as well from interest as the obligations of their charters, it cannot be doubted that such conditions as Congress viny see fit to adopt res/iectiHg lh ileposites in th-sc institutions, with a view to the art/dual disuse of the small bills, will be ch :rfully complied with; and that w shall soon gain, in place of the Dank of the United States, a practical reform in the what* paper system of the coun try. If, by this policy, we enn ultim/iMy witness the suppression of all bank lulls below twiUy dollars, it is apparent that gold and silver will take their place, and become th.- principal circulation: medium in the com mon business of the fanners and Mechanics if the coun try. The attainment pf mch a iiesvi.t wiu. fobm an era in the history of our country which will ba dwelt upon with ocmuht by every irue friend ol its lib'rtv and imdepexdkncr. It will lighten the gre <? tax which our paper system has so long collected from the earnings of l?.b >r, ui.d do more to revive and perpetuate tho>e habits of economy ind simpli ciiy which are so congenial to the charrc er of re publicans, than all the iegisl ttioti which has yc. bocn attempted." This pi in will so imperceptibly retrieve the pnper and in roduce 'he met 11 ic circulation as to produce no: ihe slightest shock or erob rrassmeot in the com merce and b isiness of the country, or reduction in the value ol property. Property,the value oi which ha b'en retaliated bv the present currency, will re tain its existing standard, and the country gradually recover from its depressed and ruinous condition. It may be argued that the full excess of paper cir culation will be kept up bv the enlarged issues of notes of the larger denomination?this cannot b_' so. The commerce and business of the country can only b^ar a lixed amount of circulation?all excesses must anil will b * reduced?I fixed amount ol money can only b ? necessary to the commerce and business of the country. Of that fixed amount, as specie is en larged so must paper b; reduced, and as specie is reduced so must paperS -enlarged, as the plan which 1 propose requires a mixed circulation ot metal and paper ; I propose to reach sucH a proportion of the metallic, as will make certain the convertibility of pap M- iu'o specie, which will always secure a sound currency. These are the objects which 1 have in view, and I confidently believe the scheme which 1 have (iff'red, will effect it. Mr Chairman, this bill I firmly believe, with the aid of some provisions which may bi; attached to it, ndap'cd to the present emergency, is well calcu lated speedily to remove the embirrassnients of the country. Sir, as I have argued co'ifidcnce is all that is necessary to en .ble the bin Its in. a short time, to resume specie payments, this bill extends that confi dence, holds out to them a strong inducement to re sume, and promises a restoration oi their fiscal agency on that resumption. This, sir, is bitter than all your penalties ana all your divorces. Mr. Ch tirtnan, I well kn'o w that toeffect the objects of reform which all desire, the aid of the State Go vernments must b; invoked. This aid I do not doubt will bj afforded, not only from considerations of patriotism, but of Interest; for every State is deeply and importantly interested in securing a sound cur rency*. both as relates to their own domestic concerns, aud their commercial connection with the other States. They cannot flourish?they cannot prosper without it, and this is a guarantee that as the errors in their systems devclope themselves they will cor rect them. Sir, 1 do not doubt that they will perform their duty to themselves and to the nation. Mr. Chairm in, I have heard much play, and much emphasis upon the term divorce of Bank and State. It is calculated to call up those feelings of abhorrence agajnst the union oi Church and S^ate, out of which so much mischief to the lives and liberties of man kind has grown, which the people of the United States so justly entertain. Sir, are not these institu tions the very creation of Government"! Did not Government impart to them form, substance, and action; and now we are to divorce the Government from them ! I know, sir, that these institutions were created bv the State Governments; vet, sir, unless all their powers are buried in the powers of this Government: they were created by Governments having- the power .to do so. This political connec tion, so much desecrated .and ; bhorred in these latter days, is as dangerous to the Slate Governments as to this, yet the States do not find it necessary to destroy their b inking institutions; and 1 am sure, will defend them against the reckless war now waged against them. Sir, this term divorce will not take?you had as well talk of a divorce between man and wife, while they are indisposed to it. One word more in relation to the suspension of specie payments by the banks, to show the propriety and wisdom of the measure. When the suspension took place, it was supposed by many, perhaps by most persons, that upon its being known in England, there would b3 an immediate prostration of the com mercial credit of the United Stales, and, as a conse quence, the destruction of the houses in England, commonly known by the name of the American Houses. But no such thing happened. Confidence was not diminished, but improved. They saw the thing at once in its true light?they saw it was a measure of relief to the merchants of the United States, which would give them time to gather in their resources, and finally make good their pay ments in England: Whereas, if the severe pressure necessary to continue the payment ol specie by the banks, had been kept on, they must have been ruined, .and through them the people who were in deb This was a sound view of the subject. In addition to this, the S ates continue to use them as depositories, and to receive their notes in payment of their taxes. Why, then, should there b'J so much alarm here 1 Mr. Chairman, I admit that there are serious evils connected with our binking system. I admit that there are crying andgrievous abuses, which require to be corrected; and 1 will go as iar as any man in applying the knife and cutting these abuses off. Nor, sir, am I disposed, in the slightest degree, to counte nance the refusal of the banks to resume specie pay ments in a reasonable length of time. While the country may b** disposed to endure this state ol things as long as it is necessary and proper, it will no'?it ought not to b >?r a wanton and unnecessary delay. The foreign debt is rapidly extinguishing ; the elas tic energv of the country is rapidly increasing, and overcoming all einbirrassments: soon, very soon, all pretext will be removed for continuing the suspen sion, and the banks will merit the stern and wither ing rebuke of every patriot, if they persist m their refusal. Sir, my course upon the present occasion is not dictated by any interest which I take for the binks, separate and apart from the people: I only look to their interest and their security. with that of the people, so deeplv 'nv^ed Hl'^ them. I consider the interest and welfar?' of the people as deeply and materially concerned, and their prosperity endangered. ,i.? I nave thus Mr Chairman, presented to the com mittee mv views of this deep, this vital, this interest auction to thi. nation. I have exhibited the oufnions entertained by the late Administration, and X prominent friends of the present; and having (I,,J. M, confidently and fearlessly appeal to the American |>c<.ple, to determine whether I deserve to b- stigmatized as a traitor, or shot as a deserter. Mir, if an adherence to the opinions heretofore entertain ed bv the friends of the Administration, notwith standing they have abandoned them, is desertion, I am guilty, and will meet the fate which awaits me without murmur My opinions are unchanged and no fear of personal conseouences shall change them. My constituents arc unchanged, so far as 1 have learned ; at any event, they have not instructed me to vote contraiy to my former opinions, and until they do, I will vote against your Sub Treasury seheme, in spite of denunciation, or any other con sequence' which may follow. 1 regard that scheme as containing the elements of destruction to the purity of the Government, the rights of the Suites, and the liberties of the people. Sir, so obnoxious is it to me, that although there is no constitutional ob