THE WAHO CARVE
Some Suggestions Which Will Mak9
Mine Host's Task Easy.
THE THERMOMETER SCALE.
How It Came to Be Divided In m Way
That Appear to He
Senseless.
IVu Men Carve Well, Although They
May Acquire Skill In That Direc
tion by Ohftcrvlne; the Illuta
Cilven Below.
Few men in this generation carve
wfll; in fact, carving seems to be al-
most one of the
lost arts. Much
poor carving, how
ever, is due to . a
lack of trussing or
proper preparation
of the meat for
th rwn rrvioii
Rib of Beef RoUod tQ u being
looked. It must be remembered that
ill meats and poultry retain the shape,
after cooking, in whicn they were
placed before. You cannot fold noi
shape a piece of cooked meat; but il
:hat same piece is folded and fastened
lown previous to being cooked, it will
remain in that shape after cooking
sven if the trussing or fastening il
puld out.
here the bones are removed from a
Tib roast before cooking, that it maj
be rolled, the carving is very simplj
lone. Hold the knife fiat, and with a
luick sawing cut clear across, remov
ing slices from A to B.
The first joints of a sucking pig ar
usually removed from the legs befori
it is cooked. The pig should be care
Tully roasted first on one side and ther
;m the other; and, when cooked, placec
A SUCKING PIG, ROASTED WHOLE.
on a platter standing on its knuckli
bones, in a deep bed of cress. Whet
carving first remove the head, A to B
then the ham, C to D, and next th
shoulder, E to F, on the side away fror
the carver. Tilt the pig slightly, an!
ivrnove the ham and shoulder next tc
you; make a cut the entire length o)
(he belly, G to H, exposing the stuffing
nnd then cut thin slices of meat front
I to J. Then carve the head, the ears
first; then sever the lower jaw, carv
ing little bits or slices from the bone
Then cut the hams into thin slices
then the shoulder, carving precisely
the same as you would a leg or shoul
der of mutton. In serving give each
person a piece of lean meat from the
body, with a little stuffing. As many
people prefer a portion of the ear,
tongue, and lower jaw, it would be
well to ask their preference.
A fillet of beef is cut into slices half
an inch thick from one end to the oth
r; the thickness being greater in some
places than in others gives the carver
an opportunity to offer well done and
rare meat from the same piece.
For a sirloin roast, first cut close tc
the bone the tenderloin, A to B; next
remove end C to
D; then remove
the sirloin, going
close to the bone,
cutting from E to
F. Slice the meat
across the grain.
Persons who like
tat shnnlrl hnvp a
-thin slicfe from the A SirIoin ot Bef
end of the piece, which will be sweet
and juicy.
The best piece of beef for roasting 01
bakine are from the standine ribs, sir
loin, and pinbone; the latter, however,
can only be bought in certain places
The standing ribs, six in number, come
from the forequarter, and the sirloin
and nfoibone from the hindnuarter
small family had much better purchase
ribs from the small end. and the larger
family take the "middle cut." or the
large ribs. As meat is always sweeter
when cooked with the bones in, remove
only the long top bone; chop off a par-
tion of the lowei
bone, and place the
meat, bone side
down, in the roast
ing pan. It re
quires no fasten
ing of any sort
kid 01 witb tfae .
'toward the carver, so that he may draw
the knife toward him in cutting. First
-cut off the end from A to B; then run
the knife down at C close to the ribs.
loosening, the meat from the end and
around the ribs to B. Next cut off the
outside slice, D to E. and put it on th
;side of the dish, and then slice toward
ryou. '
;
i
s
Feminine Charity-.
Edy th I wonder if Dolly Swift is real-
" ly as' bad as she is painted?
Mayme I don't see how she can be.
She certainly does paint dreadfully.
Chicago Daily News.
For the Breath.
"No! I won't give you anything. 1
smell liquor on your breath." -
"Well, can't yer give me a nickel tet
buy some cloves? Chicago American.
Why should the freezing point be
marked 32 degrees and the boiling
point 212 degrees on the Fahrenheit
thermometer scale? Most students
know that its inventor divided the
space between these points into 180
degrees instead of the simpler 100 de
grees used In the centigrade system,
but few understand how this number
came to be chosen, says the Ameri
can Inventor. A writer thus explains
the matter:
The thermometer was really invent
ed by Sir Isaac Newton. He started
his scale with the heat of the human
body and used as his instrument a
glass tube filled with linseed oil. The
lowest figure on the scale was the
freezing point and the highest point
boiling water. The starting point of
this scale, as mentioned, was the heat
of the human body, which he called
by the round number 12, as the duo
decimal system was then in common
use. He divided the space between the
freezing point and the temperature of
the body into 12 points, and stated that
the boiling point of water would be
about 30, as the temperature must be
nearly three times that of the human
body.
When Fahrenheit took up the sub
ject a few years later he used the New
ton instrument, but, finding the scale
not fine enough, divided each degree
into two parts, and so made the meas
ure between the freezing and boiling
points 24 parts instead of 12. Fahren
heit then discovered he could obtain
a lower degree of cold than freezing,
and, taking a mixture of ice and salt
for a starting point, he counted 24
points up to body heat. By this meas
urement he obtained 8 for the freez
ing point and 53 for the boiling point.
His scale now read: Zero; freezing,
8; body ieat, 24, and boiling water,
I will be noticed that this scale
is identically that of Newton's, only
starting lower and having the numbers
doubled.
It was with this scale which Fahren
heit worked for a long time, but final
ly finding the temperature divisions
still too large, he divided each degree
into four parts. Multiplying the num
bers just given by four, the thermom
eter scale now in use results:
The chance choice of Newton of the
figure 12 to represent the body heat
determined the present thermometer
scale, even as the yard, feet and inches
measures originally came from meas
ures of parts of the human body, and
as the width of the railroad carriage
was determined by the track, which,
in turn, was determined by the width
between the cart wheels necessary to
bear a load which could comfortably
be drawn by a mule.
Father and Son.
It is said that if ever a man had a son
after his own pattern that man is Jol'c
D. Rockefeller. The junior John is a
chip off the old block accessible, with
pleasant manner, hard worker and
sphynxlike in everything he does. He
holds his father in great respect in rev
erence, in fact. He has the same
church creed. He maintains and con
ducts a large Bible class with sincerity
and a good deal of zeal. He keeps him
self informed on the management of th
great Rockefeller interest, benefactions
and all. He is a man of the same simple
tastes and quiet life and of few diver
sions.
Feeding? a Great City.
Very few people realize the vastness ol
the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables
brought into the New York market every
24 hours; they do not see them in bulk,
for the consignments are usually re
ceived at night, and by daybreak, or by
noon of the next day at the latest, this
"truck" must be on the stands of the re
tail distributors. In Pearson's, Mr. Frank
W. Hawthorne gives a most interesting
account of the methods employed in
handingshipments designed to feed some
4.000,000 persons, and some surprising
statistics.
Manufactured Mammies.
The recent discovery by the French
police of a mummy factory at Mon
trouge, near Paris, has caused no lit
tle consternation among owners of
these somewhat grewsome curiosities.
It is said to be well-nigh impossible
to distinguish the products of the fac
tory from the genuine article, and hun
dreds of public institutions and ttnou
sajids of private collectors and dealers
are believed to have been victimized.
"Old Wald llonp."
A horse owned by Mr. John Dillon, of
Holyoke, and known as the "Old Wald
horse," dropped dead in the stable not
long since, after 30 years of continuous
service. Just a few moments before
his death the old horse, which had been
recently moved to new quarters in the
stable, broke his halter and went back
into the old berth which he had occu
pied for, several years.
Oar Foreign Population.
SevfeCty-five per cent, of our foreign
born population In 1900 was of Teu
tonic and Celtic stock--the same- that
made the English. Of course,' a still
larger percentage cf the rative born
are of these races an- of .heir admix
ture. . v ...,.-
THRONE OF BULGARIA
Behind It Moves the Firm, Able
Hand of the King's Mother.
Remarkable Traits of Character of
Princess Clementine of Saxe-Co-burst
Whose Efforts Placed
Prince Ferdinand on Throne.
In some ways the present ruler of
Bulgaria is the most interesting of the
royal personages engaged in playing a
role in Ihe near east. He has to be reck
oned with, not only because he Is an as
tute and unscrupulous man, but also be
cause he is imbued by ties of blood to
the whole Saxe-Coburg clan; that is to
the royal families of Great Britain, Ger
many, Portugal, Belgium, and last, not
least, Austria, his sister being Arch
duchess Clotilde, wife of the palatine of
Hungary, and his niece, the duchess ol
Orleans.
Prince Ferdinand is the youngest of
five children who were born to the late
Prince Augustus of Saxe-Coburg, of the
Austrian or Kohary branch, and
Princess Clementine of Orleans, the de
termined, brilliant daughter of Louis
Philippe, whose brothers nicknamed her
even as a girl, Clementine de Medicis
To this remarkable old French princess
now 85 years of age. and the last sur
vivor among the grohp of princes ; anc
princesses who called Queen Victoria
by her Christian name, Prince Ferdi
nand owes his unstable throne. He it
her Benjamin, born seven 'years after
her eldest child, her favorite, and, in
a diplomatic sense, her own creation.
Curiously enough, Prince Ferdinand
was the only one of Princess Clemen
tine's children who was born in Vi
enna. French influences were lacking in
his education and upbringing. His god
parents were the tragic couple on whon
in 1S61 all seemed to smile, Maximillar
and Charlotte; and he was just sever
years old when his imperial godfather
was assassinated in Mexico. During the
years which followed, Princess Clem
entine consolidated her elder children'
positions by a series of brilliant mar
riages. Her only daughter, as we havi
said, zsarried Archduke Joseph, palatine
of Hungary; Prince Philip married hi
second cotf3in, the pretty, wilfu1
Princess Louise of Belgium, who later
provided Europe with a terrible and
sordid royal scandal; yet another oi
Prince Ferdinand's brothers married a
daughter of the emperor of Brazil.
In 1881, Prince Augustus, a favorite
cousin, by the way, of both Queen Vic
toria and Prince Albert, died prema
turely, and Ferdinand passed entirely
under his mother's influence. As a
young man, he bore, it must be admit
ted, the worst of reputations. He was
said to be idle, vicious, and what the
French eloquently style un fruit sec, "a
withered fruit." Princess Clementine's
pride in her youngest born was thought.
even by her nearest relatives, to De a
sign of maternal infatuation, and the
late Comte de Paris refused with indig
nation the idea of a marriage between
one of his daughters and their cousin
Ferdinand. Great, therefore, was th
general amazement when the Bulgarian
national assembly elected this little
known and ven less respected prince ai
ruler of Bulgaria; but only the princess-
mother knew what the cost in brains,
and what was more important to an Or
leans, in hard cash, came to before tht
triumphant election was secured.
During the six years that followed
Princess Clementine reigned in Sofia,
adapting herself with astonishing ease
10 the strange, half-barbarous way oi
life which obtained in the Bulgarian
capital. Her constant preoccupation in
those days as indeed it has again been
recently was to find a suitable bride
for her son. At last, repulsed on every
hand, for neither the man nor his po
sition inspired confidence, she secured
him a consort in the eldest child of that
duke of Parma whose family of IS chil
dren are the wonder of continental rcj
al circles.
The gentle, pious Marie-Louise, of
dwarfish- stature, shrinking modesty,
and ardent piety, soon Tound herself
crushed between the upper and nether
millstones. The birth of Prince Borii
was followed in two short years by the
disgraceful quarrel concerning the
child's religious faith, and to his
mother's horror he was solemnly rebap
tised according to the Greek rite, in or
der to secure his father the friendship
of Russia. Princess Ferdinand, by way
of protest, left Sofia for awhile, but her
love for her two little sons brought her
back. Her death, in childbirth, occurred
four years ago last January, and since
then her four children, two boys and
two girls, have been under the care of
their redoubtable grandmother. . It is
difficult to say how Prince Ferdi
nand is regarded in Bulgaria.
The astute, noiseless fashion in
which he contrived to rid himself of
Stambuloff. while apparer.ly in no
sense to blame, inspired fear and re
spect in many who bad hitherto only
professed to hate and despise him.
JOHN L. EDWARDS.
Temptation.
First Moth. It's no wonder you're
troubled with indigestion after eating
so much.
Second Moth I. know, but it was such
a fashionable overcoat ! Brooklyn Life.
TH2 PHILIPPINE CENSUS.
Ifflcult Work Accomplished by tfc
American Officials with. Grat
ifying Results.
MARKETS
OF
MEXICO
Gen. Sanger has finished taking th
census of the Philippines, reports the
Manila Times. .
In regard to the work he lately said:
The field work of the census Is prac
tically completed, and the schedules.
a.nd other data, as far as collected, will
be shipped tb San Francisco on the
transport Sherman, leaving Manila on
August 10, en route to Washington,
here the tabulating, compilation and
publication of the census report will be
made by . the United States census bu
reau, under the supervision of the di
rector of the Philippine census and his
wo assistants, Mr. Henry Gannett and
Mr. Victor H. Olmsted. I
This work might have been done
here, but with the means at hand it
would have taken several years to car
ry it through, whereas, by sending the
chedules to Washington, where the
tabulation can be done by the Holerith
electrical tabulating machines, it is
confidently expected that the census re
port will be in print one year of less
from this time.
"A rough count from the schedules
shows ... a total of 6,976,574. The
total of the wild tribes as far as enu
merated shows their number to be 600,-
)33.
"The enumeration in four provinces
Is incomplete, but when finished will
probably swell the total to about 650,
300. j
"Taken as a whole the census may be
regarded as a success, and if viewed in
the light of the sombre and discourag
ing reflections of those who regarded
the attempt, by American methods, as
entirely impracticable, we may say it
is a great success.
"The examination of schedules re
cently finished shows that the enumer
ators have done their work with much
intelligence, and that the results will
compare favorably with the census
snumerations of the United States.
where the censuses have been taken ev-
?ry decade for more than a hundred
years. There have been, of course,
some defects, and it has been found
necessary to go over certain parts of
the work a second time, but I am in
formed that this happens whenever a
census is taken in the United States,
and that in this respect our troubles
are not to be compared in magnitude
with those at home even if difference
In population and area are considered.
"In the execution of the field work
I here were 56 supervisors, each with a
tilerk and messenger; 998 special
agents; 6t special enumerators, and
3.S92 enumerators, and as many enu
meration districts."
"Some difficulty ,was experienced by
emurrierators in the provinces of Bula
can, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, and A1
nay, due to roving bands of ladrones.
'and in four instances the enumerators
were held up. but with a single excep
tion the schedules were not molested,
although the pouches were taken from
the enumerators. In the island of
Camiguin, province of Misamis, the
enumerators met with armed opposi
tion, but Gov. Corrales believes that
the census was the pretext, but not the
real cause of this demonstration, which
had its origin in a secret . society
formed for a different purpose.
"In three barrios of the island of
Tebu some opposition was made to the
numeration, as the people thought the
object of the census was taxation. This
opposition did not prove to be serious,
fiowever. and was removed as soon as
:he proclamation of the civil governor
in which the objects of the census
aere fully stated had been more care
'ully explained.
"Such opposition was to be expect
d, however, in view of past experi
mces, and that it was not more general
nay be fairly attributed to the earnest
.vish of the Filipinos to help, and to
he general belief in the patriotic pur
pose of the United States congress and
.he Philippine commission, as set forth
n the laws providing for the census
ind the proclamation of the civil gov-rnor.
Little Shops That Supply All the
Wants of the People.
Ther Are to the Mexican What Onr
Department Stores Are to Us
An interesting Place for .
Foreigners to Visit. -
Porto Illco's Charities.
Five year? at,o Porto Rico's public
charities were but few, and those few fh
Jifierently piovlded for, while now it
las a well-organized department of
charities, proprely caring for the leper
colony, insane asylum, blind asylum,
girls' charity school and boys' charity
cl:ool. In the girls' charity school
ricdit is due to the Sisters of Charity,
vho formerly" had charge, but recently
returned to Snain, after spending years
of their lives in entire unselffish devo
tion to the children. .
Health Better Than Cosmetics.
Don't think the secret of a woman's
beauty lies in the use of cosmetics; it is
found in resplendent health and a happy
nind.
Cleaning Zinc.
To clean zinc, wash first in hot soda wa-
:er and thsn rub with a flannel dipped
n turpentine.
Deaths frsa Drowning;.
More accidental deaths occur in Eng
land from drowning than from any
nher cause. . .
Queen Does Dairy Woi.
Queen , Wilhelmina "of Holland, as a
lobby, is fond of the worl; cf a clry.
When a Mexican wishes a blanket
for his bed, a zerape for his shoulders,
a piece of meat or a few beans for ha
dinner, a donkey cart or a fighting
cock, he wends his way to the market. .
This collection of merchandise is to
the native Mexican what the depart
ment store is to our city shopper.
Here' is found the rank and file of
men and things; on every side are
bootts or stands holding a motley ar
ray of wares, or maybe only a cloth
is spread upon the ground and the
stock in trade set bravely forth to
catch the buyer's eye.
Each stand is independent and
seems to be entirely a family affair.
large and small will .lend a' helping
hand. The babies and the dogs lie
under the counter, while a languid
trade is plied above.
In some of the cities the market
place is a showy pavillion with a
glass roof and tiled floor,- but the
average market-man crouches under
a huge palmleaf umbrella or has a
strip of sailcloth stretched over hi9.
head.
Not a very enterprising vocation.
one might think, but here is the mil
lennium of content, no eager vender
will solicit your trade. If you care
to buy, it is Well; if not, "Oh, man
ana, there is another day."
Never have you seen such pictur
esque arrangement of common things
Spread upon a dingy cloth is a peck
or so of black beans, piled in littU
rows, crosses or circles. LittU
moundi of native potatoes, about ai
CORNER OF A MEXICAN MARKET.
arge as a walnut and retailing for
a penny apiece.
The peas are always shelled and tht
green beans broken in small pieces
Sweet potatoes and onions are cut ir
halves or quarters to accommodate a
slender purse, while melons and
squash are sold by the slice and th
seeds are roasted.
The dulce or sweetmeat stand has
the liveliest trade, candied orangf
peel, cactus leaf and strips of squash
little sweet cakes and all kinds oi
nut meats, soaked in sugar.
. The chickens and turkeys are tied
by the leg to a post and stroll about
at the end of a short rope, while sad
eyed burros stand huddled togethei
in some shady corner. A red flag be
trays the meat market, a half a beef
or a young kid hangs from the hook
and as a customer purchases a pound
or so, the butcher seizes a knife and
cho;i off a piece, careless of choice or
cut. ,
Squatting on the ground you will
see, every few rods, an old man oe
woman with an enormous basket;
this is the bread vender, for everyono
in Mexico eats the large crusty rolls
that are bought once a day or once a
week and served at every meal.
The "Thieves Market" is found in
most of the large cities. Here is
brought any and everything that may
be bartered, and there is nothing too
mean for peon commerce. Broken
bottles, old locks, bunches of rusty
keys, half-worn sandals, battered pans
and cracked jars, old brass knockers,
worth a pretty penny, but sold for ar
song; all thrown in together and
forming a lure for the curiosity seek
er as well as for the Indigent custom
er. A nod, a shrug, a soft harangue In
the, Spanish tongue, clucking of chick
ens, and cackling of geese, a child's
cry and a low lullaby, golden sunlight
flooding the white canopies, gay scar
let blankets and coquettish mantillas,
the; sights, the sounds, the smells
yea, . above all the smells this is , the
Mexican- market. 1
ANNA H. CLAPK.
Voice Cnltnre.
,MI like the looks of this bird. What
la it worth?"
"Only $5. ma'am, and it's cheap for
that parrot. He learned to talk by the
new method."
"What's that?"
"By making him listen to a phono
graph." "Doet. he talk lik a phonograph?"
"Exactly, ma'am." ,
"I 5m glad you told me. Sho'.r ma
some other bird." Chicago Tribuiw