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PAGE 4 St *IBP S - HOW AS O One More Reason Another reason for the calling of a con stitutional convention to rewrite the present document, which has become sadly warped by judicial decree, is furnished by the ex perience of the farmers in endeavoring to le galize an income tax. There may be a difference of opinion as to the advisability of such a tax. There can be no argument as to the right of the people to a chance to adopt such a measure if they wish. The courts have held that the present Constitution prevents raising funds in this manner. The farmers, believing that they are carrying the heavy burden, for years have tried to obtain such a tax. They followed the orderly processes. It has been a long fight, lasting for years. They first passed a law, only to have it declared unconstitutional. They then took what they believed to be the necessary steps to change the Constitution through an appeal for an amendment. This takes two sessions of the legislature. At each session there was strong opposition from determined forces. Men with large incomes do not like the idea. Having won against the powerful inter ests, the farmers and workers expected to have a chance to appeal to the people on the merits of the proposal itself. They believed they could convince the voters of the advis ability of their program. Now it is discovered that, at the last minute, in the office of some clerk, a change of a word is made in the law. The change was not made by the lawmakers. The mis take w ? as not that of an elected official. It may have been made purposely or maudlinly in the last hours of the session. Because of this mistake, the people will not vote on the proposed change. The work of eight years of sincere effort on the part of the farmers who followed the legal path is nullified. Instead of law, there is anarchy. When such a denial of public right is possible through the interference of either a venal or an incompetent clerk, the one rem edy seems to lie in the direction of anew Constitution that will safeguard the greatest of all rights, which is to control the govern ment under which they live. At the present time the government seems to rest in the hands of political hench men of interests which work in the dark and nullify honest efforts of those who cling to the illusion that the government is in the hands of the people. Anew Constitution, liberal enough in its provisions to protect the people from an archy, despotism and ignorance, seems nec essary. “It Is Up to Hoover” ‘•This folly Is Imminent. It Li up to Hoover to avert It.” Thus cables William Philip Simms. Scripps-How ard correspondent, on the approaching death of the London naval conference —‘‘an unspeakable calamity, because it would mean expenditure of billions of dol lars In a naval race which might end in war.” The reduction conference may be saved by “a for mal offer from America to participate In a consulta tion pact In the event of the threat of war.” says Simms. His statement Is based not only upon his Investigations in London, but u;x>n personal conver sations with French leaders in Paris. Significance of Simms’ dispatch is not that it is new, but that it is authoritative. It substantiates in unanswerable form what a majority of the Amer ican press and what 1,200 national leaders of public opinion and tens of thornands of citizens in petitions to the President have been saying. Virtually every correspondent and observer at London has written that collapse of the conference began with America’s refusal to Join in a consulta tion pact. We do not know what led the President to make that costly decision. But we do know that it is a complete reversal of American foreign policy, as written into treaties and ratified by the senate. The President has reversed the policy of the four-power Pacific treaty and the Kellogg pact. That is a very serious responsibility. We believe that President Hoover has only two t hoieps in this crisis: Either he must follow American policy by im mediately offering a consultation treaty at London; Or he must at once explain and justify his un precedented reversal of American peace policy. On the verge of “a naval race which might er.d a vsr,” the American people and the world want to •-now—and have a right to know—what is behind this new and dangerous Hoover policy. The Little Things A small error can do a great deal of damage, ometimes. On the outskirts of Chicago a contractor was put ;ng in a big sewer. Huge sections of.pipe had beer, iragged from a field, where they were stored, across a railroad track to the place where they were to be laid. A wire cable, fastened to a motor-driven drum beyond the tracks, was used to do the job. At last the cable broke, leaving a section of the pipe on the railroad tracks. Then it developed there was no red lantern available to mark the blocked track until anew cable could be fastened. Before a lantern could be found, a train had crashed into the pipe. It was derailed, and another train plowed mto it. The result—one death and twenty persons injured. A little mistake, of course. But it had big con sequences. The Indianapolis Times (A PCRTPPS-HOWAKn NEWSPAPER > OvnM nn<] published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cents a copy: eiaewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. ' BOVI) GURLET, ItOY' W. HOWARD, FRANK O. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager I'HONR—filler .yiM WEDNESDAY. M ARCH 26. 1930. Member of Cnlud Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Asso ciation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.” Prohibition and Homicides The eminent statistician, Frederick L. Hoffman, discusses facts and theories relative to homicide rates in an article in The Spectator. The homicide rate in the United States remains an international scandal. It has risen from 5.1 to 100,000 of the population in 1900 to 10.5 in 1929. The rate for Canada in 1928 was 1.3 and for England and Wales in the same year 0.5. Dr. Hoffman believes that prohibition may have had something to do with this increase of the homicide rate in the United States: “It is with some reluctance that I touch upon the problem of prohibition. By common consent, the enforcement of prohibition has brought into existence an organization of crime and criminals such as no other country on the face of the globe has ever known in history. Gangsters and gunmen are being killed day after day.” Dr. Hoffman’s own figures show, however, that pro hibition has played no decisive part in creating our present homicide problem. Most convincing of all is the fact that, while the homicide rate doubled in the pre-prohibition days from 1900 to 1919. it has increased but slightly in the decade of prohibition. The homi cide rate in 1900 was 5.1. By 1919 it had risen to 9.1. It had advanced only to 10.5 in 1929. Further, Chicago, the chief arena of gang wars over booze and enforcement, had a homicide rate of only 12.7 in 1929, while in the dry belt we find Memphis with a homicide rate of 66.9 in 1929 and Birmingham with a homicide rate of 51.3 in the same year. Nor does homicide appear to be correlated with the degree of avowed wetness. The ten leading cities in the United States with respect to high homicide rate are all found south of Mason and Dixon’s line in the dry area, which repudiated A1 Smith in 1928. These cities, with their homicide rates to 100,000, are as follow's: Deaths Rates 1923 1929 1928 1929 Memphis 115 127 60.5 66.8 Birmingham 122 114 54.9 51.3 Atlanta 115 ’ 130 45.1 51.0 Jacksonville 74 66 52. G 46.9 Lexington 15 19 30.8 39.0 Mobile 18 21 24.9 30.2 New Orleans 11l 124 25.9 28.9 Covington 8 17 13.6 28.8 Houston 72 76 26.2 27.6 Charleston 18 20 23.7 26.4 On the other hand, we find that the homicide rate in wet New York is only 7.1. Dr. Hoffman suggests that the high rate in these southern cities is to be explained chiefly on the basis of the high percentage of Negroes here. If this be true, then the race situation is far more powerful in its effect upon crimes of violence than the alcohol issue. But our northern cities with a large Negro population do not seem to have dispro portionately high homicide rates. Another fact about these southern cities is of spe cial interest. They are the hotbeds of religious orthodoxy, and the Negroes are even more prone to religious fervor than the whites. Without going any further, this Is adequate proof that piety is no adequate safeguard against homicidal tendencies. The plain fact is that our homicide scandal can * not be attributed to any single cause. Its roots lie deep in the American tradition of lawlessness, in our frontier habits, in our remarkable degree of racial and cultural admixture, and in our progressively more complicated social and economic conditions. It is a national problem in the truest sense of that term, however much special trends and local condi tions may color the general situation. The woman who threw an alarm clock at her husband and knocked out one of his teeth because he trumped her ace probably wanted to teach him a lesson on his bridge work. An “electric eye" mechanism which fires a gun as a prisoner climbs up a wall to escape has been demonstrated with success. But most prisoners will regard this like any other current event. REASON YOU will observe that Mrs. Doheny testified for Mr. Doheny. Nothing in this world brings a fellow’ into such close contact with his women folks as to be dragged into court and put on trial for his life or liberty. That's when a dear fellow sings “Home Sweet Home” as he never sang it before. a a a Commander Byrd says it would cause a sensation if he should say what he is going to do next. Inasmuch as he has flown over both poles and the Atlantic, we can't imagine what his next thrilling exploit is *o be, unless he intends to run for President. 8 8 8 The Filipinos will not have to beat up American sailors over at Manila many more times to reconcile the average citizen of the United States to the propo sition of cutting the Little Brown Brother loose and letting him paddle his own canoe. 808 WHEN you read in the papers about these dino saur tracks in New Jersey that are said to have been made eighty-five million years ago, it causes you to regard Adam and Eve as a pair of moderns who passed away only week before last. ana Texas went to law to grab 28.500 acres of land from Oklahoma, proving once more that the more you have the more you want. a a a The greatest thing that could possibly happen for the cause of religion in the United States would be to have atheistic performances given all over the country by this crowd of 12,000 Russian nuts who held a'monster meeting in New York last Sunday and denounced the Lord. a a a READING of that meeting reminds us that in the forthcoming census such cattle will be counted in all of our cities, and used as a basis for congressional reapportionment, the cities on such account taking away the representatives of regions that are inhabi tated olny by American citizens. It is a rotten injus tice. a a a Chairman Legge of the farm board announces that surplus crops will not be dumped abroad at a less price than exists in this country, yet all these years we have given industry a tariff that enabled it to make enough in the United States to permit it to dump its surplus abroad at any price it could. FREDERICK LANDIS THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES M. E. Tracy SAYS: Outside of a Few Humani tarian Gestures, the Five- Power Naval Parley at London Has Accomplished Nothing. THE Europa steams into New York, beating the Bremen’s time by eighteen minutes, which is of no great consequence since Ger many holds the record in either case. In England they are building two monster ships in the hope of taking the record away from Germany. As Floyd Gibbons asks, “Where do we come in?” tt M U Dr. Eckener comes to New York and succeeds in interesting three or four big American concerns in a trans-Atlantic Zeppelin service, which is to his credit, but which places us in the position of con tributing little more than the cash. Cash is necessary, and those who can furnish it are not to be re garded lightly. At the same time, initiative counts, and we should not be too complacent in allowing other people to take it. a a a Nava! Parley Is Fizzle WHETHER a six months’ ad journment would do any good, it represents about the only way in which the naval conference can save its face. Outside of a few humanitarian gestures, the naval conference lias accomplished nothing. France and Italy, unable to agree between themselves, have dropped the idea of a five-power pact. Japan, England and the United States, though they might rig up a three-power-pact, appear unwilling to accept any commitments which would change the status quo ma terially. a a a Things being as they are, the boys might just as well shut up shop and come home, and the United States might just as well adopt a program which would guarantee her a navy equal to that of Great Britain. Those who hoped for a better re sult will be disappointed, but they should console themselves with the thought that no one is worse off than before. Putting that aside, the naval con ference has shown what we really are up against. a a a Suspicion in Saddle EUROPE evidently has settled down to a state of suspicion, distrust and apprehension which approaches that preceding the late war. France and Italy are watching each other like two cats, Poland fidgets every time a strange noise occurs near the Russian border, and the Balkan situation remains vol canic. The problem of squaring interna tional ideals with the provincial jingoism that prevails on every hand has proved too much for statesmanship. a a a Business takes over the burden as politics steps aside, extending trade arrangements, developing more in timate relations and creating a set up which eventually will compel a greater degree of co-operation. Capitalism, says the Communist, makes for war, which undoubtedly is true under certain conditions, but it also makes for peace. Except for the trade opportuni ties which she offers, Russia would be without a friend in the world today. Except for the trade oppor tunities which the people of all countries need, not only to live but to earn a living, there would be half a dozen conflicts going on right now. Insofar as it demands tariffs, spe cial privileges and other favors by virtue of local legislation, business serves to create antagonism, but insofar as it opens new markets, expands trade routes, and develops closer relations, it trains people to a better understanding. a a a Tit for Tat THE true effect of the tariff bill, just passed by the senate, pro vided it gets by conference, will not be known until we can find out what other nations do in retalia tion. This bill, admittedly the product of log rolling, is a shining example of the special privilege theory. From top to bottom, it reeks with the idea of employing governmental power to prevent foreign competi tion. A perfectly wonderful game, if foreigners couldn't also play it. But if we have things to sell, so have they, and if we can keep them out of our markets by building a tariff wall, why can’t they keep us out of theirs by the same method? a a a Among other things, this bill was supposed to relieve the farmer by increasing the duty on agricultural products, but the American farmer has far more at stake in what he can sell abroad, and the price he can get for it, than in the competi tion of foreign-grown crops. When it comes to grain, meat and any other farm products, this is an exporting country. We can not help the farmer very much by keeping competition out with a tariff, because there is very little to keep out. Other countries, however, can hurt him a lot by the simple process of retaliating. Daily Thought No man can serve two masters; for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. —St. Matthew 6:24. a a a The measure of a master is his success in bringing all men round to his opinion twenty years later.— Emerson. When was the comer stone of the United States capital building laid and by whom? It was laid Sept. 18, 1793, by President Washington. Another Race for the Pole Gets Under Way Iron in Diet Aids to Check Anemia BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE human body apparently uses very small amounts of many metallic substances in the con trol of various factors within it. For years it has been known that iron is of value in anemia. As the newer knowledge has established definitely the place of iron in the diet, it has become realized that there are two factors concerned: First, the iron; second, the mineral elements with which the iron may be associated. In their most recent studies of anemia following hemorrhage, Drs. G. H. Whipple and F. 6. Robscheit- Robbto" out there is an opti mum amount of iron which can be taken by mouth to control anemia. This amount is about forty milli grams a day. There are thirty grams in an ounce. Thus, there are 30,000 milligrams in an ounce. Forty milligrams represents the IT SEEMS TO ME “AS one of the foremost foment iTL ers of American sports,” writes Elmer Davis, the novelist, “why don’t you give a hand to Syd ney Franklin, the well-known espa da. torero, matador, or whatever? “Not only because you and he are both Brooklyn boys but because he seems to have a forthright thoro ughness that is lacking in some of our native pastimes, such as the so called prize ring. Every one of Franklin’s fights ends in a knock out. “Sometimes It is Franklin who is knocked out, sometimes the bull; but at any rate, they never put on a sparring match to no decision and Franklin never carries the bull along for a return bout, “Maybe the attitude of the cus tomers has something to do with this. As I understand the ethics of bull fighting, or rather of the some what safer pastime of watching bull fighting, the man is always sup posed to win. If he doesn’t they give him the Bronx cheer. “No matter how good a fight he may put up, if by some mischance he takes a sharp jab from the left horn in the kidney, he is just a lousy bum in the eyes of the cus tomers. and the sooner the hook drags him off the better. a a a Winner in Advance “/AUR fight crowds do their best V-J to be with the winner, but, unfortunately, we have no formal ized tradition requiring that one man is to be regarded at all times as the probable winner. “If it was understood before every fight that one of the fighters —a particular elected one—was sup posed to win by a knockout and would be regarded as a recreant caitiff if he lost for any reason whatsoever, maybe we would see more action at fights. “Os course, the problem would re main of generating in the other fighter an attitude of mind like the bull’s. As I understand it, the only break the bull gets is that if he wins he can eat dinner tonight and breakfast tomorrow before some body else gets a chance to head ofl his championship aspirations. “This raises the suggestive thought that some of our fighters might do better if they had no more than that to look forward to. But it is an old story that fighters are overpaid; and if we bring that up somebody will remember that certain editors assert that writers are also overpaid. In Albany, N. Y„ there is commo tion in the legislature because a superintendent of one of the state office buildings got rid of a lot of pigeons, as he was instructed to do, but unfortunately by the use of poison. Even some of the drys are com plaining. The foolish superintend ent ... These were pigeons with DAILY HEALTH SERVICE amount of iron to be taken a day, which is about 1-800 of an ounce. The entire amount of iron in the circulation is about 220 milligrams. If ten milligrams are wasted daily by means of used-up red blood cells, the amount supplied in forty milligrams is well beyond the com plete wastage. It must be remembered that the figure of forty milligrams is in the case of a dog weighing ten kilo grams, and that an adult human being weighs about seventy kilo grams. Thus for an adult human being, the amount would be 280 milli grams, which is about 1-100 of an ounce. Iron seems to be the most potent metal substance in rebuilding blood after hemorrhage and apparently the excess amount of iron given over the amount lost has an effect on organs which build red blood cells. In addition to iron, manganese and copper seem to affect the blood production. Zinc, aluminum, anti mony, potassium, calcium phosphate lIEYWOOD BROUN which he had to deal and it shocked the prohibitionists that he should poison them with arsenic. Os course if they had been people cut down by wood alcohol in a fed eral formula that would have been quite a different matter. Then the result would have been hailed as a triumph for morality and law and order. a st a Buy a Brain SOME years ago in the not partic ularly remote past the price of cotton fell to such a point that the financial status of every planter was threatened. We had then a national campaign built upon the slogan “Buy a Bale,” and everybody was asked to try and stem the economic tide by individual effort. Also relief was asked upon occasion for the apple growers and each good citizen pledged himself to take a bushel. It seems to me that we ought to have something of the same spirit in regard to labor. At the moment wages are down and unemployment is up. It should be just as reason able to buy a brain as to buy a bale. | mtcmshrp of I | , *'f > icax}zxy m |[ Dailq V” / Lenfcen Devotion Wednesday, March 26 “BELIEF IN THE GOODNESS OF OTHERS” Memory Verse; “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself” (Matthew 22:39). Read: Matthew 22:34—40. MEDITATION This means, in part: Thou shalt trust thy neighbor—believe in him. The person who is to get along with others must believe In their goodness, especially in their good intentions. laith begets ground for faith. It is the truest interpreter. The only safe creed is: I believe that my neighbor is as good as I am. That ought not to be difficult, except for the Pharisee. If we only can believe that those who differ from us are as well intentioned as we are, we can always get along with them. PRAYER O Lord, we thank Thee for those who believe in us and trust us, and who by their generous faith and confidence are ever lifting us to higher levels of performance. May this our gratitude teach us to show a like spirit as we move among the companions of this day. Amen. * and sodium iodide seem to have but little effect. Os particular value in building blood after anemia produced by bleeding were liver sausage, blood sausage and to some extent large amounts of gelatin. Egg yolk and egg white seem to be of relatively less value. Obviously there are factors beside iron which are important in blood regenera tion. When spinach and cabbage were added to the diet they had a stimu lating effect, but not nearly so great as that of spinach and cabbage with extra iron, so that it has seemed to the investigators that probably the iron is not the only substances in the spinach that might be of value. Onions and orange juice were found to be of little value for the purpose. It has not seemed to the investi gators that the vitamins are in any way concerned with the building of fresh red blood coloring matter in blood cells after anemia. (deals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most inter esting writers and are pre sented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paner.—The Editor. Human fiber must not be allowed to disintegrate. One of the tragedies of unemploy ment which followed the business and financial let-down, was the dis tress among the so-called white collar workers. Being out of a job is no bed of roses for anybody, but to a good many clerks and typists it was a new experience. They were afflicted with panic as well as distress. Many of the estimates of unem ployment include only those people who are actually on the bread line or seeking shelter from municipal lodging houses. It is broader than that. When the casual worker is out of a job it may be that he suffers by himself. The white-collar man or woman is apt to drag others down with him. If he or she lives with his family an added burden is put upon a budget already strained. He may have to get help from his friends and bring them down close to the danger line. There are agonies which have nothing to do with actual physical hunger. Something must be done about it. America can not be and must not be a country in which the individual is allowed to starve to death with out any outside interference what soever. (Copyright. 1930. bv The Times! “Bulls” and “Bears” and Real Estate Every day investors are seek ing unbiased counsel in the matter of their holdings, whether stocks or bonds or real estate. The Fanners Trust Cos. offers a far-reaching and specialized service in property manage ment and development. Investors and property owners are invited to consult with us regarding their business prob lems and the perpetuation of their estates. FARMERf TRUXT CO 150 EAST MARKET ST. 31ARCH 26,1930 SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Commander Byrd Has IFon c Place Among the Immortals by His Polar Exploration. Thi I* the first of eighteen article* by David Dietx which will trace th* story of polar exploration from the be ginning to the exploits of Commander Byrd. ALL America seconds the words with which Adolph Ochs, pub lisher of The New York Times, greeted—by radio—Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd upon his return from Antarctica. “You have won a place among the immorals,” Ochs told the fa mous explorer, “You have added an empire to the territory of the United States and the American flag now is flying at the North and South polei/ Commander Byrd is the only ex plorer to have flown an airplane over both the North and South poles. He is the only living explorer to have reached both poles. The only other man to have reached them both was Captain Roald Amundsen, the great Nor wegian explorer, who disappeared in the Arctic while hunting by airplane for the survivors of the Italia ex pedition. Amundsen flew over the North pole in his dirigible, the Norge, after his attempt to reach the pole by air plane had failed. Amundsen had been the first to reach the South Pole, making the journey over the ice-covered moun tain ranges which protect the pole, with dogs and sleds. ts ts a The Explorer THE explorer always will be a hero because the horizon al ways has beckoned to mankind and stay-at-homes have admired—and envied —those who heeded the call. “In “Sea Fever," John Masefield, English poet, has described the urge that moves mankind. He wrote: “I must go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky, And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by. And the wheel’s kick and the wind’s song and the white sail’s shaking. And a gray mist on the sea’s face and a gray dawn breaking." The call of distant places is a deep-seated urge with mankind. Perhaps it goes back to the very start of the race, for man was a wanderer and a nomad before he settled down to till the soil and build homes. The explorer has gone forth fre quently for no reason but the urge to explore, the urge to adventure. But as frequently, he has been a benefactor of mankind. He has opened up the new routes over which trade later made its way. He has endured hardships to dis cover land which later pioneers made into homes. Time may yet prove the Polar ex plorers to have been the trail-blaz ers of trade routes and new indus tries. ts a a Trails RUDYARD KIPLING, in one of his finest poems, discusses this phase of exploration—how the ex plorer. driven on by some urge he does not even understand, paves the way for empire. Kipling called his poem, “The Voortrekker.” Kipling tells how the explorer goes forth. He writes: “The gull shall whistle in his wake, the blind wave break in fire. He shall fulfill God’s utmost will, unknowing his desire. And he shall see old planets change and alien stars arise. And give the gale his seaworn sail in shadow of new skies. And then, after describing ills hardships. Kipling tells how he win ■ return and find that other urn have followed the trail he blazed, bringing civilization with them: “He shall come back in his own trrek and by his scarce-cooicd camp There shall he meet the roaring street, the derrick and the stamp; There he shall blaze a nation’s ways with hatchet and with brand, Till on his last-won wilderness rm empire's outposts stand.” One need not be a daring prophet to predict that the future will see a repetition of the story. Today we marvel at the courage of the ex plorer who sails over the North or South poles. Tomorrow, perhaps, it will be a commonplace for business men to take a Zeppelin from Chicago to Copenhagen by way of the North pole or to spend a month’s vacation at the South pole.