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194 The OL YNESI 18 5 4 P R g n, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New York, it is one in Tour. In Rhode Island, it is one in five about the same os on these Islands. In New Jer sey and Ohio, each, one in eight. In no other otate is the proportion more than one in ten; while in ten of the Mates it is less than one in twenty, a uis is owing to tnc iaci mat in tuese states no efficient system of free schools is established. In the slave States the population is generally too sparse to admit of it. la New England and some of the Western States, they et for educating al the children at the public expense, and in doing so at u)CS3 Islands we are only following their noble and enlightened example. The Comparative Cost or Piblic i.fSTRCc Again, notice the comparative cost of free school instruction here and in spine or the united Mates, From official returns in 1834, in the six New Eng land States, where popular education is sustained and carried forward with as much vigor and liber ality as in any part of the world, it appears that in Vermont the average cost of each pupil to the State, was $2 22; in Maine $1 34 ; in Connecti cut $ 1 35; in Rhode Island 1 64 ; in Massachu setts $4 54. On our Islands as appears by the above table, the average cost of each pupil in our free schools iu the same year, 1853, was 1 74. Comparative Decree ok Intelligence. - I have made an effort, by addressing circulars to nil the school-inspectors of the 25 districts, to as certain what proportion of the adult native popu lation, or thosa say over 10 years of age, are able t.) read their own language; but the returns on this subject aro yet too imperfect to furnish the lubis ot a very accurate calculation, ihe nearest a proximation to the truth, and I think it is not from it, is three-fourths. iy me census ot tnc tnitoi tates, taken in 1840, the population was 17,000,000. Of this nunilier 550,000 were whites over twenty years of age. who coum not road or write. I he proportion of thosj unable to read or write, after excluding all colored rtersons and whites under twenty vcars of age, was one in twelve. The proportion of adults who cannot read, varies m different states ; from one in two hundred and ninety-four, in Connecti cut to one in three in North" Carolina. In Ten nessee, the proportion is one in four. In Kentucky Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina and Arkansas, each, one in live. In Delaware and Alabama, each one in six. In Indiana, one in s?vcn. In Il linois and Wisconsin, each, one in eight. In New Hampshire, only one in 1-5'J cannot read. In Ver mont, one in Mxty-three. In Michigan, one in thirty-nine, ?ee Mayliew, p.p. 337. I am in possession of but few reliable statistics illustrative of the degreo of popular intelligence that exists in the different states of Europe, and present the following without being able to vouch for their entire accuracy. One of the periodicals of the day contains the following statement, pur porting to be taken from a "worthy volumo on the social condition and education of the people in England and in Euroi, published by a celebrated bachelor of Cambridge College, in 1851." "In England and Wales, (with a population of 17,005, 821,) there are tight millions who can neither r,ad nor write. Of all the children in England and Wales, between the ages of five and fourteen, the majority are not in attendance at any school. There are not in England one-half as many school buildings as are requisite for the instruction of the rising generation. Many of the village school masters can neither read or write correctly, and are I ignorant of the contents of the sacred volume. Numbers of parishes and districts throughout Eng land and Wales, have no place of instruction' Still, it is well known that vust sums of money, perhaps as much as in any country, are expended for education in England, but it" does not reach multitudes of the lower classes, because it is left to individual effort; no system cf schools for the ed ucation of all, is provided by the State. Ihe Loramon fcchool Journal, edited by Horace Mann, vol. X., p. p. 320, gives the following state ment, showing the educational condition of the people in France in 1844. "Unable to read or write, 10,855,000 AMa to read, but not write, 7,097,000 Able to read and write imperfectly, 0,008,000 Able to read and write correctly, " 2,430,000 Possessing the elements of a classi cal education, people for a constitutional government, for exercis- ing me elective irancnise, ior miroaucing iriui uyi p jury, placing natives in omces oi nign irusi anu power securing public tranquility ; in short, tor sustaining the whole machinery of a Tegular go- Thi Rotal School, Beckicith, Principal; G. E. Beckirith, As- ststant. This institution has 'continued to flourish, and vernment made to supersede a despotism of the received a large share of public patronage. It worst form, without revolution or shedding one drop of blood. ; Without free schools diffusing in telligence among the entire iieople, it would -be next to impossible for the King to govern his peo ple by a constitution and laws. Uut being brought into the common school at four or five years of age, and kept there until they are fourteen or sixteen, they not only acquire valuable elementary know- ladirA. hut ai-a emrlw irairuvl to habit nf unrmrrHnft- tiou, learn subjection to law, and when arrived at the revenue and expenditure of the school is here- years of maturity they are easily governed. Who wuufu, mai y f uy wuicu it wiu appear is conducted on the plan of on Academy, in which me orainary j-jignsn language ana the classics are taught. -y : . , i f , ... . . Ane wnoic numoer oi scnoiars aunutteu uimnr the year was 121, the average per term. 82: ol Al. fl , 1 .. , n uio.se v j were maies ana iemaies ; 'Jo were whites ; 18 half whites and 8 puredlawaiians ine school terms and rates of tuition were the jauae mm stated in-my last 'report. - An account of ever, heard of a native, whether of. high rank or ow, rising up against the law 1 Such a thing is unknown. Why ? Because they have been accus tomed troin youth to bow to the majesty of law in snort, the tendency ol a diffusion of know' edge among the entire people here is the same as in other countries, that is, to dissipate the evils of ifiuoraiiTO, iiicreasa inuusury anu ine proaucuve- ness of labor, diminish pauperism and crime, Bup- xn gooa government and dinuse general happi ness. in proportion to the value ot these, then. et efforts D3 made constantly and increasingly to sustain and perfect our free schoyls thai the xeotapts from tuition hare still been suffi cient to pay the teachers' salaries, and meet inci dental expenses. ( The account stood thus, Dec. 31: Balance oh hand, Jan. 1st, ' 307 02 Rec'd from tuition during the year, 2,052 35 - $3,319 37 Disbursement to teachers' salaries, 2,042 87 " . " incidental expenses, 400 04 . Balance on hand, Dec. 31, 1853, : 207 40 ; . The balance of the old appropriation of 2,000, jnsteaa or ou.j expended on each school, the on hand Jan. 1st. 185:5. lx..n. Hi J.CA v Kno fl... 1. I . . , .-. . . ' O I u'lrru-c ui jriir, mere ougni 10 oe at leasi t-cu nearly expended in completing niiivu nuum ITtluiru a BUUX IUUU VI .U-tU aside from what might be expended in books. The School Tax. In former reports I have called tho attention of the Legislature to the oljectionable features of the procured for tho school, and partially paid for $2 school tax. Being a capitation tax, it throws out of tho avails of tuition. A small debt is still the burden ol the Iree schools alike on the rich and au-e ior ine same, English language to Hawaiian ; but it would swell this report to an unreasonable length, and it is the less necessary after having been so much dwelt up on in my previous reports. It may be well, how ever, to state here, briefly, the reasons for urging lorwara this work.; . 1st. It is practicable. Our experience from year V" """iu "TJ u"Ti ?au?" "i' anorda proof thiit it is so if the natives L: r 1 j t. t T... . -I Atrj, mo uurasm iu mib ucuunw 4aa jcar. )n vftrmtT I At tH-haa whA HaoM hia I 1 . ... . . r ... . females of the more remote districts from v&tLnir. the sea-ports without a pass. Ine bill has been rejected as often as presented, on the ground of its nnadaptedness to meet the case, and al of its impracticability; but the subject was referred by the House of Nobles to the undersigned tor further consideration. It ia a subject on which I have bestowed much reflection r years, ad r r. 14 u l : r e m.: a. rt tr 1 . . . ; , - ... , i i iuu39 uijacu cj jr luuui w uic vuiaum m vim iu- aj , cur annua wuui iiUkd lb is DO it mo imilVS I ,;IW- r M . .t ; v- u eoinmencewhcnyoung. Let those who doabt this, no law can be fcuned on this subject that will bi prvctica- lion IU5 iW.ai UI UK KUWl Ul lAr. till. I hU n.l HL-if orwl mf nlorbM inn mn.k n(k U and judge for themselves. liberty of the subject. r'lf any remedy is ever found for jiu. Alio uesiro ior n among me natives 19 very this tremendous evil, that ia tmt consuming th na.tiri sirong, aimosi universal, in January. 1 addressed race, it will be in the trener&I moral health of the bodv circulars 10 au ine school inspectors ot tho .a Uis- j pouue. resuuiag XronvUM prograt ar Uunatum dooa tricts, requesting them to report to mc the number 1 tion and civilization, rather than in legislation, which of jparents who wished their chililren to be taught b8 onl7 ,0P ff the branches, while the root re- Enirllh. fnnA xehat iVimr waki rrii;. 0.1 I mains, pay -towards it for a term of years. Imperfect re- 1 nave ndeavored to ascertain by circulars addressed tarns have been received from G districts, ' showing to.U -ool Inspectors, throughout the" Islands, in all 71 persons who are willing to pledge S25 per wh?t. ProPortil of native3l intoxicating drinks . .. -1 r r &DO tooaoeo. 1 h iWnnn 9LTm nr Tin mean. KitwfirtArr in case they can have a good school for their child- flln reu. a uere nas noi oeen lime lor a nroner etturt ... . .K K . 10 ascertain how ninny, natives, would come into such an arrangement the wall and fence around the school grounds, and procuring a set of new seats. , ihe enclosed account, marked O nil show the manner of the expenditure in detail A set of globes and a few scientific works have poor, the strong and the weak ; instead of placing j 11, as is done in other Mates, upon property, where it properly belongs, lleferring the Legislature to my remarks on this subject in my report of last year, I will only add, that the experience and re flection or another twelve months has not altered my opinion, and I respectfully call your attention once more 10 the subject. Tue Sectarian Character of the Free Schools. The Towx School or HoxoLrLt- The appended very full and satisfactory renort of the Secretary of tho School Committee, marked L, will exhibit the condition of the school durin" the year under review. rroin that document, it apncirs that durin? the first quarter of the year, the Committee was unable to procure a suitable teacher for the school ; but the case was relieved by the appointment of Mr Another matter affecting the public schools, and ( B- Ingraham, on the 22d of March, on a sal 1 allude to it xnta reluctance, is their sectarian ry or $7 per month, or g:yU0 per annum character. They have hitherto existed as separate institutions lor the children ot ITotestants and Catholics. Jlow thev caino thus to exist. havinr firinnntri numocr oi pupils on with the missionaries of each creed. Iwfore the or- males and 10 females. ganization ot the Department of Public Instruc tion, and were simply taken up by the Government as it found them, has been fully explained in for mer reports, especially that of the year 1851. .But serious disadvantage has arisen of late to the schools from this state of things. In some places two schools are supported where one would be suf- ncient, or three where two would answer, and nencc a waste ol the lunds. Owii ot the imputation, the evil from this source is in creasing; and in my opinion, it will bo advisable to carry out the theory ol our laws and abolish entire ly this sectarian feature in the schools. T'ntn re cently there were but two sects on the Islands, another lui arisen, dcni.iiidinn- nprmmr schools for their children, to be supported by gov ernment. In the month of February last, thirtv nine Mormons in Waimea. Kauai, petitioned tL 1 : 1 .' . 1 . . uuucrbigueu ior the removal ol the School Insi tor of the district, on the ground that he would not grant mem a separate school for their children. The petition was submitted to the Cabinet and Privy Council on the 20th of Tebruary, with my report on the same, a eonv of which, towthpr nHh the resolution of the Council on the case, marked is appended for your information. Other, Mr 1 x l i a 1 f iiigranam uiugiit at wee ks uuring the year, and gave very good satislaction. lho school has re vived and flourished under his care. The whole number of pupils on the school-roll was C7 : 48 The attendance was, lstTerm, -, 40 Scholars. 2d . ..j " . - 41 3d " 50 ihe small attendance during the second term was owing to the prevalence of the small pox, which, however, proved fatal to only one of the scholars. The studies' have been the ordinary End owing to the decrease elementary branches, in which the progress of ine scnooi nas Deen encouraging. The want of punctuality so much complained of formerly, has fieen remedied almost entirely by the diligent ef forts of the teacher, with the countenance of the trustees. The discipline of the school has also improved ; but the teacher complains of the effects 01 tnc iheatre on his pupils. The financial condition of the school will appear r a. 1 . j . . . . . iroiii me encioseu accounts marked A and li. The total receipts from the local school tax dur ing the year, including the old balance of $762, were - - - $1,460 00 Paid for Teacher's salary, $680 60 Withdrawn by aprr'n bill, 007 00 Balance on hand, J)ec. 31st, 181 401,460 00 K O 755.(M navuig a complete classical education, 315,000 lotal, 34,000,000" ntwnuu- m mv c ensus returns in cpain in 1803, the nunilxir of children receiving education in that Kingdom, exclusive of those brought up mucins xuu monasteries, was only one in every three hundred and forty-six of the population ; and M. Ionnes as quoted by Mayhew, estimates that not more than one child in 35 in Spain ever "ocs to Bcnooi. Nothing invidious is intended by this comparison of our scnooi statistics with thasc of other coun tries ; much less is it introduced by way of boast ing of our success. The undersigned is too pain fully sensible of the wretched condition of manv of our schools, kept as they too often are, in cheerless and unlurmshed grass huts, without floors, and many of them without even a Ixnich to sit upon : 1. rr l 1 1 . . biuiuuv n euiucieni nuraoer 01 nooks and appara tus : with bad government, and but poorly qualified teacners, lo inauige sucn a thought lor a moment. The object is simply to show what provision has been made by other governments, and some of the most enlightened and christian, for the instruction of the whole people; what it has cost ; what derce 01 popular education has Iieen attained, and what has been the result where the State has made little or no provision for the education of all the neor.le with a view to afford encouragement and hope, and to show that poor as our schools are, our success has been great, considering the time and the efforts made ; to drive away despondency, and to lead to greater and more wisely directed effort in the cause on the Islands. It is less than sixteen years since the King's Government, as such, niade any attempt t supporting a system of free schools! and this Department has not been organized ei 'ht vears yet, the proportion, ol our islanders who can read their own language is already, as we have seen, greater than in some old and'enlightoned states. In the Sandwich Islands only about one adult in four cannot read his Bible, his newspaper, the constitution and Laws under which he lives, and the naliot he throws into the box, while in North Car, 1,n. tnA . .. . A C XI It . turns, unc out i rcrv iiiree ia una'ae to do so. This result is more worthy of notice since here the State has done almost the" entire work of educating the masses, while there the State has done little or nothing. But you arc told that the knowledge acquired in our native schools is of no practical value ; that the pupils learn merely by rote, and do not comprehend what they arc taught, or make any use of it. Such assertions are not founded in reason, or supported by facts. True, our Islanders who read their own language, may exercise less the power of independ ent thought, and possess really less practical know ledge ana gooa judgment, than those people of isortn Carolina, who cannot read at all : and this is not strange. AU knowledge is not to be derived from books. A people surrounded by intelligence and active enterprise, keeping all minds and all hands in motion, and, what is, perhaps, more than all, disciplined from infancy by the use of a lan guage rich in the accumulated thought of aes, will necessarily acquire much mental strength, habits of industry, and perhaps elevation of general rnaracier, wnicn a people situated as these Island 4 4 v mv, f ana perhaps numerous sects, may spring up on the Islands, as in other christian countries, demanding the same thing ; and to support a distinct and sep arate class of free schools at Government expense, for every sect that may appear, is entirely out of the question. With a view, therefore, to, remedy this evil, I think it will bo advisable to organize the iree schools according to " territorial limits," as the statute provides ; so many as will afford the means of elementary instruction to all the children, without any regard to any religious sect whatever. This is the course pursued bv other srovernments. 1 : e 3 "1 1. v. . . ' auu 11, ia iouna 10 worK wen. uut it will be ncces ourj m mat case, 13 cxciuqe iroui the government schools all religious exercises and instruction tliat may onend the consciences of parents interested. Ihose who pay the school tax have a right to ex pect that it will be ; for the King's Government intends that the principle of religious liberty shall he fully carried out. I am not sure that any legis lative actiDn is reouired in the case, but the uTih. ject is respectfully committed to your considera tion. 1 II. Select Schools. These are of two classes on the Islands, such ai are endowed or aided by Government, and such as are supported on the voluntary principle. Of the former class there are three, the Seminary at La hainaluna, the Royal School and tho "Town S.-1W.1 of Honolulu ; " and these being under the eontml of the Government, the Legislature is entitled to full information concerning them. The Seminary at Lahainaluna is still under the care and instruction of the Rev. W. P. Alexander ani Rev. J. F. Pogue. The late tutor. L. S. T'n has been removed by death. He was Ion? connect ed with the school, having entered it as a pupil in rnor 18.1S Tr. ,.. 1 1- ..i. A -'- v iiiucui-u his ciuuics ior eigni the years, ana was then appointed tutor, which post he filled with much ability for the last eis'ht of his life. He was a man of a strong and clear mind, tolerably well cultivated and stored with knowledge. His deportment was that of a chris. : j? c . j -i A . .. . . nan, uigiuneu ana circumspect, and he was hel in high estimation among his own people, having been chosen for two rears as one of their Repre- . : l t - i . . ... . . . Bi'uuiiiius in inu ijecnsiaiure. in unicn iwir h. tX)k a very active' part, and was much respected. a iuu ana detailed report of this institution fnr the year 1853, by the Board of Trustees, together with the account current, made up to Dec. 31st, marked L and X are - appended. From them the following facts are derived. The whole number of scholars in the school during the vear was 74. A class of 1 1 was graduated in A nril ; and nave lass of l'J was admitted in Julv. Four wern dis missed lor bad conduct : but the jrener.il dennrt. ... .. . D I meni oi the scholars has been verv rod. Thrnn . . . - ml J-l " who went to join the new class died ui Kmnll nt ttliAirun tlii l.svnltU C iL 1 , , . , . iiviiiLu vi me ecuooi nas uoen umn. terrupted. The experiment of having the pupiM provide tneir own support has thus far been quite ruwcMiui, uuu oa.-8 KJ ine institution not losa than $1500 a vear. The Trustees sav. 'Vn mi nil has lieen compelled to leave the tu-hcJA Of the failure of his resources ; and it is believed there will be no difficulty hereafter in selecting pu- gratifying result. The pupils will doubtless make better men, from the efforts they are obliged to put forth, to support themselves while pursuing their siuuics. Another encouraging circumstance in relation in this school is the progress the pupils are making in the English language. The Trustees say in their report, "in addition to the branches taught hereto fore in the school, all the pupils have been prose cuting the study of English this vear. in which tudy their desire, though ardent at first, inr-rmuio with their progress. We feel an increased convic tion of the importance of urging forward this De partment of instruction. The learning of the En- ish language is the only practical means of un ocking to the Hawaiians tl lie vast store rif tnnw. edge treasured nn in English books : and hesips i - j'i . - . . i .. .. o .u ere are cannoi so reaauy ootam, even with a con-Uhis, the constant influx of foreionera ia constantly aiaerawe xnowieogo oi dookjit xiut this does not augmenting the business which must be transacted prove that such knowledge is valueless. It only in the English language. The Hawaiian there fore, who would keep pace with the age in which he lives, must learn the English language." lo this I most cordially subscribe, and shall return to the subject again. recrepair" on 106 Duiluing for which a grant of $3,500 was made by the legislature of last year; are in a state of advanced progress, and can be completed with the sum granted. . Schedule mark, ed JS will show how the money has been expended, and the balance on hand, Dec. 31. The Trustees ask for only $4,000 to meet the current expenses oT the school the coming year, instead of $JJ,U00 as heretofore. The reduction is "owing to tho fact that the pupils now provide for their own support prove that such knowledge is valueless. It only shows the vastness and difficulty of the work it has to do. Knowledge is power here as well as else where, and if combined with virtue, it is power for rood and good only to its possessor and to the com munity. This is aa well established as the laws of cause and effect, but time is required for general education to work out its legitimate results here or a ly w here else. , Several of ' tho h.wioraMe members of the House of Representatives leing School Inspectors, have had a practical knowi-xJge of the working of our free school system fir years, and need no argument to convince thenr that the TomiBon."sch)ol has been on-i of the roost pit -Tit instrumrn!s in pieparing the The withdrawal of the above $007 from tho funds of the school was evidently owing to au over sight in making out tho appropriation bill of last year, in consequence of which, the Minister of Fi nance did not feel himself authorized to pay over the old balance. But the school is entitled to the money, and a Resolution of the Legislature I have no doubt will be passed, authorising him to pay it. It should bo done as soon as possible, else the school must be suspended for want of funds. The Teacher's salary is quite inadequate, and the Committee resolved in Dec. last to nav him $100 per month for the future, if the funds could I oe raised. Ihe local tax is insufficient to snstain the school as it should be, and tho question as to how the revenue can be increased is commended to the attention of the Legislature. The teacher was authorized by the Trustees last year, to collect $3 per quarter, of those pupils whose parents were able and willing to pay the amount. $52.75 were collected, of which $33.25 were expended for books and the balance was credited to the funds of the school. One of the parents, a laboring man, has generously paid over to the Treasurer the sum of $20, as a good-will offering to the institution. Although due notice was given for the election of Trustees for this school on tho 26th Dec. last. none was held ; and I respectfully suggest that the Legislature, at as early a stage of the session as possible, order one to be held ; otherwise the schoo must be seriously embarrassed. As regular reports have not been received from the select schools on the Islands, not supported by Government, I will only mention those that were in operation during the year 1853. They arc said 10 nave ncen generally in a nourishing condition. The Mission Boarding and Day School at Puna hou, Rev. D. Dole, Principal. Mr. Joseph Watt's English School for native children, in Honolulu. Mr. Simond's Private School. Mr. Bingham's English School. Rev. E. Bond's Select Boarding School for native hovs, m Kohala, Hawaii. Mr. Wilcox's Select School for native boys, at u aion, r.auai. Mr. D wight's School for natives, at Kaluaaha, Molokai. Mr. Lyman's Manual Labor and Boarding School tor native bovs, at Jlilo, Hawaii. Catholic Ifigh School at Ahuimanu, Oahu. The character of these voluntary institutions has been described in former reports ; and as I am not aware that they have changed materially, it is un necessary to report on theni more fully. They are doing a great work lor the good of the nation, in their respective spheres, and well deserve the coun tenance of the government. The whole number of pupils in the three select schools under the control of the government may be stated at 252. To one of the above select schools, that of Rev. D. B. Lyman at Hilo, I am commanded : by His Majesty in Council, to call the special attention of lL T - i -1 . A T Al. A.t I tA A 1 fit in u m w ru i ri w nn vnnm r n ir r. nir ar w nn school buildings were consumed by fire ; and the institution has suffered greatly in consequence. : By a liberal subscription on the part of the 'foreign residents and natives of Hilo, a temporary building was erected, and the school continued. Two very respectful petitions, one in native the other in Eng- 1 " L " 1 I T. " r i T" rri t irril f na 4.,1t,.T.i. 1 a.. X" k . i ovuuitu, iui uvui iiuw iu, luurieeo years, .u-r.. t ? .i .... .. . 'laud therefore. I win not limnt to mm tiM rMiiit4 m LL i he following will be read with interest : On the Island of Molokai. with a native Dopulation of 35G5, only two persons, one native and One foreigner ftra FMVkrtail , mm Kvnr Rao. iwMAwl .I..!- -.L - o l mi r ' , i . ' ' " . . " I - . -e iohuivww uurilJX "1 oru. ine raigusu language is already, to a very year 18o3; and no habitual drinkers of spirits. 6C3 great extent, the business language of the Islands, only are reported as using tobacco on thai kland. .; In juiv uu icu-u ui i. ia oecoming more and more e ourtn and nnh School District on Kauai, with a iiiuispcnsaoie 10 the native, to enable him to cope population or J13 not a case of drunkenness is reported with the white man. Without it, he is lame in m 18o,J and no habitual dri.-ikers. There are 72 every joint, and, a gentleman of much observation wreigners in the district. In the becond or Koloa district has remarked, will bye and bye be a "stranzcr and -n Kauai with a population of about .1200 natives, only and an alien on his own soil."' rour are reported as given to strong drink, ani five 4th. The language is a very difficult one for the feigners. On the Island of Suhau, population 790, all natives, and to acouire it well they must Win T.?"T9-M.Ktot,B.8 . - THE POLYpSsuJ SATURDAY, APRIL 15, I854. ... 1 , , . . . . jwuug uuu persevere long ; dui ine mental vigor. uiM-iiiue, connaence ana seii-respecs to be acquir- drinks; 877 use tobacco.' In the first district of Maui. the Lahaina district, with a population of 4684 natives, 101 natives are reported as habitual beer drinkers to ex V- I Ji 3 . . .. . w - . K iuuiiui ... mc-.iu5 uiiu ttruuoua Biruggie, coupieu wun cess, and 15CO wha ae tobacco." In a part of the the advantages arising from the boundless fields of second district on Maui, that is, from Waihec to Wai- Knowieuge, thug opened to the native mind in Eny- karu. 303 natives and foreirs nr .nnrtl nT.r i:i. i: l 'n . 1 . . ... . . r a iou nturubure, win insure a vicn return to ail who I mioxicaimg annKS, ana iuu use tobacco. persevere until success is attained, as well as to -the above statistics are not wholly reliable, and can the fetate. It is an undertakin!? attended with too on,y regardeil as an approximation to the truth. Of much difficulty, and too much exjiense, and clothed the.otner "ck have hot "received reports on these with too ranch importance to the native race to be ubjecta' :i : . ! 1 : 1 "s -"1 lelt to mere individual effort, and hence, becomes a .. , , U"!.U",-B, ""caunff unnas consumed on 1 r 11a laiumia m Mr A a 4. Ari a 11 A ikA a concern of the government, one of whose first duties Z. "TJ or . f"" is to provide for the educational wants of the peo- 10 J J consamed dunng the year 18o2. i, tun. I.- t -l j .1 . liy those moat acquainted irith the natives, their in- ple. bo the last Legislature, viewed the subject, veteran, wi.ii.rfinU.- .n ."7T7ir. m- - v miuwvuv v o vAa i.auucu im uic to aid grant $1,500 source of garded A n.T . r AV-I - TTA T - English schools for natives, which has been partial- wUling to work, they are apt to resort to any means the however reprehensible, for obtaining a livelihood. hsh in I - I haTer heard, also. Judges f Courts eomnlain much come ly expended already for the object, in securing services of S. L. Austin. Eso..to teach En?li the Boarding School of Mr. Lyman at Hilo, in aid- of the practice of false swearing among natives. ing the English department in M. Dwight's school TerJ marked instance of it have come to n Tke Wreck of the " John Weaie W have obtained the following Dart;-1 the loss of the bark John Wesley, aiiadP(, . . our last issue, which sailed from this nm . m ultimo, ior ban Francisco, touch;,! . vvm.. v w .uo Tcrj xirong wind aiw) rent sne uia not after ftrrtting off tMt'port On the Saturday evening prerioua to th westerly gale,' she had taken in nearly all he do. toes, 1250 bbls. and 144 hoU. T.;mi- . to be done but to get on board the poultry . t X. 1 !. . . - I'-XW uuga uu 1 oc passengers, who had shore to stop, till the o ""aeixf come to anchor till tfW tain g' r tiiarpo'rtr" r? on Molokai, and more especially in paying part of the tuition of poor native children, who attend the English schools in Honolulu.' A copy 4 of the ac count current of this appropriation, marked W, will show in detail how the money has been expend ed. . ; What is wanted, as it seems to the undersigned. is some ten or more good English schools for natives, properly located on the different islands, under well qualified and devoted teachers, and should the pres ent Legislature be able to raise the sum of S10.000 to aid the parents in their work, and to provide the same amount for a few successive years, it will only be acting wisely in view of the snmifieant "siena of the times, and the wants of this interesting people. ine 8uoject is again respectfully commended to your most careful consideration. III. GENERAL ITEMS. knowledge. my own Tue Cexsfs. The Census was taken on the 20th of Dec. last. under the general supervision of the American Mis- uinn,iri... V I L... ..F f :i V : j . Ap Jones of Lahaina, to all of whom the go nent is under obligations for the great pain hsh, signed by Benj. Pitman, Esq., Thomas Miller, Esq., Kaapa and others, and setting forth in a for cible light, the loss of the institution, and its great value to the schools on Hawaii, were forwarded to the King, soliciting the aid of the government in rebuilding the house. The report of a ' committee of the Privy Council on the petitions, and a resolu tion on the same, I append for the information of your honorable body. His Majesty's Government highly appreciated the views of the petitioners in regard to that school, as one of the most valuable on the Islands, but not having sufficient funds available for such an object. I was directed to make this appeal to the Legislature, and I have no doubt it will be met with all the liberality that the cause of education 1 on that Island demands. About $3,000 are needed to repair the loss and fur nish the school with suitable accommodations. ( T111 English Lasgcage. One fact in regard to all these select schools, ex cepting those in Kohala, Hawaii, and Koolau, Oahu, is, that, whether composed of white children. half-whites' or pure natives, the English language is taught in them all as a daily exercisa ; and , the progress of the natives in acquiring this, to them most difficult language, gives more and more encour agement to teachers from year to year. . There are now estimated to be about 300 pure natives, who are pursuing the study of this language with teal, and a determination to accomplish the task, how ever difficult; ' : ' ' ' I feel a disposition to sav much in this place nn the importance of imparting a. knowledge of the Win trruiuuiu 19 unuer obligations ior the ereat nam and labor they bestowed on this tedious and diffi cult work, without any adequate compensation. The native school teachers were employed as the subordinate agents in the work, under the superin tendence of the gentlemen above named. The School Districts were subdivide.! into small ones. one of which was assigned ?. et- h teacher, who. aving been previously furnished with stationery and blanks, on the day appinsed, proceeded to write down the names of" all thu people in their respective districts and fill the cwt-ponding spaces for sex, age, Jfcc. The advantage in writing all the """ ', '"n m tutx; cirurs ur. viivoi crvu, ine pa pers can bo revised and corrected more easily than j 11 no names were written, ror the ennre accuracy of the work I cannot vouch, but in my opinion, it is as correctly done as is possible, with native agents. TI'O sum total is probably not far from the truth. The gross amount and tho numbers of the sexes are the mwt reliable part of the returns. Not much dependence can be placed in those for ages, as few natives know what their ages are. The cost of taking the census has been kept within the appropriation of 1,200, which would not have been the case had the gentlemen who su perintended the m-rk, received an adequate com Iensation for their labor. The tables n.."rke i P. 1 and 2, gives the result ' ail, Irora which the is tak?n. ' of this census v: general summary SrM.MABT or Cr following k Returns, taken, Dec. ISatives. 1853 Men. Women. " Total. Island of Hawaii, 12,443 . 11,750 .1 24,188 " " Maui, 8,105 , 8,425 17,330 " " Molokai, 1,791) 1.7GG 3,565 " . " Lanai, 317 283 000 " Oahu, 9,551 , 8.2C4 17,815 " "Kauai, 8,672 3,054 . 6,726 " " Niihau, 8"J2 398 7U0 Total, 37,079 33,940 ' 71,019 Foreigners. Island of Hawaii, - - - - 259 " " Maui, - - - - - 244 ' " Molokai, - - - ' . 42 " " Oahu, - 1,311 " 'Kauai, - : - - . 264 Total," - " - , - 0 - ' - 2,118 Natives, ----- 71,019 73,137 Natives and Foreigners, grand total. Marraiues, Births and Deaths. The number of marriages licensed during the year 1858, was - . - 1954 The number of births was - - . ' 1513 " " deaths " - - 8026 It is estimated that from five to six thousand of the last were occasioned by the small pox. bcuooL Lands. 'A list of all the lands appropriated for educational purposes, excepting school-house lots, together with those which have been sold, and the amount received for them, is enclosed herewith marked E. The whole number of acres sold from the begianinz is about 16,891, including some 13,000 for which the papers are not yet made out The gross amount thus far received on these lands is, in cash or bills, $ 10,839 26. The en closed land account, marked E. O., and also the interest account L. M., show in detail the amount received, and the manner ia which the interest has been expended, -- 1 Tblic morals. I am much indebted to the several District Attorneys, Baker Esq., of Hawaii, J. W. Austin Esq., of Maui. A. B. Bates Esq., of Oahu, and O. Rhodes Esq.. of Kauai, for their valuable statistics of criminal convic tions in the oourts of their several districts, and lor the 1 valuable letters of two of the above named gentlemen accompanying the same. Such statistics do not form a perfect criterion, it is true, of the state of public morals on ' the Islands, as many offences against the law, doubtless escape detection. Tet. they enable us to form a tolerable correct judgment on the subject, By these returns, it appears, that the whole number of con victions for crime in 1853, in'all the Courts, was 3173; or one to about every 23 of the whole population ; and lou more than were reported lor the year 1002. -5 ur the above convictions, 10o9 were for drunken- ness--55 less than were reported for the previous year. 860 were for fornication and adultery: that is 40 more than were reported during the previous year. 109 were for disturbing the peace; 199 for. thefts and lar ceny, and the remainder for gambling, violating the onouuia ana minor onencm. s Let it be observed that, of the 3173 convictions for crime on the whole Islands. 1369. or nearly onaJt&lf were in the Police Courts of Honolulu; and as near as I can ascertain, about 692 occurred in the Police Courts of Lahaina; making in all 2061, or nearly two-thirds of the criminal convictions on the Islands in these two sea ports, confirming what has been often stated, that these are the great hot-beds of vice on the Islands. Purify these populous towns, and you purify the nation. How can it be done? W here 19 the wwe nan who will dense the proper means i One ef my respected colleagues has introdneai a. bin during several successive meetings of the LogishUare, ' . o But on the whole, the state of nublic morals as re- portea dv the School inspectors and District Attorneys cannot be said to be bad on the Islands. Life, property and reputation are as secure as in most Christian lands: and we are almost entirely free from the more aggrava- m-m species 01 crimes, sucn as robberies, murders, incen- uiaries na ine like. I beg the attention of the Legislature to the valuable suggestions of Attorneys: Austin and Baker, ia regard u puonc morals, in their letters herewith submitted, particularly to the common practice of married persons forsaking their partners on the most trifling grounds, thus breaking up domestic relations, and exposing the panics 10 greai temptation . Publications is Hawaiian. . . Andrews Grammar of the Hawaiian language. work greatly needed, and for which an appropriation of 9 was maue oy the legislature of 185 has been puonsnea, ana is an important acquisition to our Island iiieraiure. Ihe Hawaiian AtLut ivforml nv ..nrf I regret to say has not yet been "received from New York; but I have intelliirenoe that it wm in th hamix of the engraver, partly comnleted. and I The appropriation of $1000 to meet the expense of this publication and other school-hooks, so fer W it -t " vwirsc, wui remain unexpenaea until the arrival of the Atlas. The schools have suffered much for wnt of this work, as the important study of Geography can- uuv ue pursuvu WItnOUl It. The sum total of printing issued from the nre nf tf American Mission from the beginning to the close of ioa, was ivi,zzv,iinj pages; and I am happy to say, that the work of printing in tho native language is being prosecuted in that establishment with renewed vigor uuring the present season. CnANOE IX THE L.VW. The law exempting clergymen from certain taxes has been abused, if I am correctly informed, by some parties, and is liable to still greater abuse, and I re spectfully suggest to the Legislature to abolish it alto gether. Medicines roa Gratuitous Distribution. ine appropriation of $1,003 'fur the purchase of medicines for poor natives, has all been expended for that object, and the medicines have been distributed in parcels to missionaries, physicians and others who were wming to administer them to the sick. The account marked 11. N. appended, will show how the money has been expended. -Provisions roa the Insane, roa Paupers and tor the Deaf Dctib and Bund. This subject has had no particular connection with this Department, but from a feeling of humanity, I ventured to call the attention of the last Legislature to me negiectea condition of the unfortunate classes of persons above named; but as nothing was done, I re spectfully call your attention once more to the subject. To make no provisions for such sufferers among us, is certainly not following the example of other civilized and Christian government. from the returns of the Census, it anoears that ther are on the Islands 106 deaf and dumb, 329 blind, and ioi insane. Chaplains or Prisons. Of chaplains and teachers of prisons I make no re port, because none have been mpIoyed under the De partment, from the sober Conviction that in the tirwn) wuuiuuu ui vur prisons, meir moors would be unavail ing. Jutenile Delinquents. The importance of a House of llefuge, or some suita ble provision for the reformation and training of juve nile offenders against the laws, was set forth in my last report. It will save repetition ttf refer the Legislature to those statements, and I shall be prepared to show, if called upon, that such institutions in other countries have been attended with the most beneficial results. Sb reason appears why they should not produce similar benefits here. , Accounts. ". A summary account of the reprint n,l r;f . - - f ' Aivuuuica or the Department under the appropriation of 1853 "if." ". nerewiia appended marked i 1. Also, for the sake of information, the accounts as they stood on the 31st of March, of the current jear. I have collected the material for & Rm.11 minm. popular education in the native lammaa. mWn. . . " w oauaoca, reasonings and management or different governments in regard, to public schools, which I hope to be able to publish durinir the current year, for the benefit of the native population. On a subject so vital to our national welfare, too much can not be done to secure enlightened public sentiment and a wise legislation. God Save the Kino. It ARMSTRONG, ' ' ' - Minister of Public Instruction. mostly gone vessel waa ready for sea A few boors of good weather would have suffice w have got the bark ready for sea. On Sabbath th 2Cth, the S. W. wind commenced blowing lirf,,?. at that port, aa it did also here, but not sufficient to cause any uneasiness to. the oJEcers of the vand though we understand, the Captain was advised n that time bj one of the oldest resident of Fok. Mr. Gilmore to put to sea, as he thought it wooli be unsafe to remain at anchor. Other resident. at Koloa expressed however, s different opinion, and thought it perfectly safe to remain. On Monday the 27th, the wind was mooW from the west, and "nearly everything was put 0, board readj to go to sea the next day. Dnrinr the night, however, the wind increased to a S. W gale with a heavy srwell, and the vessel conunenaj dragging her anchors, till she came into shallow water and unshipped her rudder by it striking th reef. . Both the flukes of the starboard anchor had been broken off, and also one of the flukes of the re maining anchor. It now became impossible to put to sea, and on Tuesday morning effort wen made to warp the vessel out of her position by kedge anchors, and every assistance wa afforded by Capt. Goosman of the Bremen Bhip " Joaepfc Hayden," for which he charged $600. During this day the greater part of the baggag, of the passengers and seamen waa saved at mca risk, although some of them have lost all they hid on board, and all lost more or less. On Thursday morning having parted from her cables, the vessel was thrown up on the roeki above the usual hih water mark. nA ,. o J ui I W'J hours went to pieces, all the spars, sails and hull beipg entirely destroyed. '..i ml There were on board about 6000 gallons of oil of which only 500 gallons were saved. About 60 hogs floated ashore from the wreck, the rest hav ing been destroyed. r , The timber and frame of the wreck was sold u Pt lay high and dry on the rocla for $300. u- 1 ii . n c utppy to learn tnat the mail for theC. S. consisting of three bags, was saved undamW. and brought up in the steamer. - It will be for warded by the first vessel. It will be recollected that this mail contained the correspondence deDo- sited at the Post Office from Feb. 8 till March IS In conclusion, we cannot avoid cautionibg 0fS- t- I cers 01 vessels trading about the islands to be ex- cceuingiy wary at tho first signs of a southerly or westerly wind, when at the leeward ports. Even if the wind does not blow strong, the swell is fre quently so great, as of itself to cause a vessel to It was but a few weeks since that two California schooners were caught in a southerly gale in the same port and come very near being wrecked. An old Captain, long resident at the islands, has often said that no quare-rid ves sel ought ever to anchor at either of the ports of T t. . . ivauai Dctween the months of .N ovember and April. Ship, Shippiae;, Ac. The Clipper ship Staghousd, Capt. Behm. mad the passage from Anjier to New York in 63 days. The Ericssox had again appeared, and was at anchor in the North River, where she attracted much attention. IW The great length of the Ministerial Reports of which we publish two in our present number, obliges us to exclude almost every thing else from our columns, and even to trespass upon the space usually devoted to our advertising friends. But we regard the publication of these Reports as of sufficient : importance" to give them entire, especial ly as a subject of interest abroad, where the pam phlet edition published for the use of the Legisla ture is not circulated. , Ve hope to conclude them in the remaining three numbers of the present vol. ume of the Polynesian, so that when bound, they will all appear in connection. . We ask, therefore, the indulgence of our readers, as well as our adver tising patrons, until the Reports are completed. Hawaiian Preface ia Sam Fraaeiseo. Advices from San Francisco of, the 11th March, give the following rates for some of our island product8:-yrnp,inhalfbMs. 45cts.; in Barrels, 40 cts!, alow of sale. S. I. Coffee clean, 14 and 15 cts. .Sugar, best grade, in kegs, 8 1-2 and 9 cts. In bags, 8 and 8 1-2 cts. No. 2, in mats, 7 and 7 1-2. No. 3, in mala, 6 and 6 1-2 cts. All the above klow 'of sale." Polar oH,!goo4 per gall. 6a and, 0 cts. ., The general market exceedingly depressed, and several failures had opcurred the week previous to the 11th. 1 com- a. new steam-ship, the Van eke Blake, sailed from New York, Feb. 3d, for the Pacific, to take her place in the Independent California Iine.te tween Panama and San Francisco. She took out 50 passengers for S. F. and intermediate ports. The ship Washington Alston is advertised ia he Boston Atlas of Jan. 25th, for Honolulu. The fine new clipper schconer Ka Mor, (Sover eign,) arrived at this port on the 10th inst. direct from N. London, in 120 days. The hunch and trial trip of this schooner we have already noticed. he was built expressly for Capt. Ilobron, long and favorably known as the owner of the Maria, and is a first rate vessel in all respects. Her sailing quali ties can be inferred from the fact that she was bat 40 days from Cape Horn to this port, which was A. 1? A A. . - . most excellent passage. &he is designed lor the coasting trade, and will fill the place" ot the Maria, which has been sold to engage in foreign merce. . . , ; , , . . - Akamai arrived on the 11th, in 24 hour from Kauai, with cargo of sugar, Jtc., and thepa seugers and mail of the wrecked bark John Weslej, (formerly the Fellows.) She had a rough passage up, and was 10 hours longer than usual. The schooner jSovkbsigk is advertised for Su Francisco about the 19th inst., if sufficient induff- ment offers, which we hope will be the ease. A number-of passengers are now waiting an opportu nity to embark, and a large mail, including that ongnally sent by the John Wesley, is now lying in the Post Office, ready. to be despatched. The Match li M sails this afternoon for Austra lia, at 4 o'clock:1 ' ' It is expected that the N. B. Palsib will br Lahaina for Honolulu on MondaT, next,'' and that she will remain' here some' thre ifor fofore sail ing for the United States. ' ' . ' ' The steamer Akaxai is laid up for a season, being out of coal. ,: ta , : ; . Removal ot the Register's Office. The office of Asher B. Bates, as District itfei- ney of Oahu, and Register or Conveyancea, l been removed to the makai rooms on the first floor Of the Court Houae ahink h&M bean fittMl 01) fof that purpose. - - - . . "?7 MAILS. A Mail for San Francisco will be despatched bj the clipper schooner "Sovereign," about Vs"1" day the 19th inst. ; ;: . ' ' . f For Lahaina this day 3 P. M. For Kawaihae and Hilo this day 3 P- M: . Hanalei, Kauai-thia day .3 P.M. . -