Polynesian. [volume], January 17, 1863, Image 2

About Polynesian. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu], Hawaii) 1844-1864

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THE POLYNESIAN.
SATURDAY. JANUARY 17,vlSG3.
"Watchman, what of the night?" The
famous Liquor question has heen argued before the
full Bench of the Supreme Court this week, and in
a few days the Court will probably give it its
quietus for aye and ever. On the technical diffi
culties, legal inconsistencies and judicial construc
tions, we shall have very little if anything to say ;
they have been pretty well picked by the eminent
lawyers who conducted the case, and there is but
little to glean after their reaping. But, whether
the Court decide, or not, that the law prohibiting
the sale of spirits to Hawaiian natives is repealed
by subsequent enactments, is unconstitutional, is
contrary to foreign treaties, or nt, we will once
more argue the policy of the law and its social con
sequences, for the benefit of public opinion gener
ally and the next legislature especially seeing
that those points could not be subjects of consider
ation in a court of law. And it is in these direc
tions where the strongholds of our opponents
lie.
It is repeated so often, so unctuously, and in
such plaintive accents, that if the liquor dealers in
Honolulu were permitted to sell to natives, the
whole Hawaiian population would go in for drunk
enness with a furore that would be perfectly over
whelming and irresistibly disastrous. There may
have been prophets on the earth, in the days of
old, wh,o by supernatural means were relieved
from the. necessity of studying the social pheno
mena around them, trusting to the source of their
inspiration to make good their assertions we are
not going to enter the domain of theology but
modern prophets must study the present, us well as
remember the rmst ; must understand to what de
gree the law of development in the present has
modified the premises of the past, from which they
argue, ere they venture a prophecy as to the future
conduct of an individual or a nation. The results
that might have held good under the social condi
tions of twenty-seven years ago, are not likely to
hold good now when those conditions have so un
mensely changed ; and to predict that the Hawaii
ans of 18G3 will do as the Hawaiians of 1836 did
or might have done, argues more perverse nesa than
wisdom in the prophet.
Now what are the facts ?
However inordinate the appetite of the Hawaiians
for ardent spirits m iy have been at any period be
fore 1843, however philanthropical in intent or
beneficent in result, restrictions upon their con
sumption may have been in the earlier stages of the
development of civilization among this people, cer
tain it is, and cannot be refuted, that the political
crisis of 1843 when so many of the ancient tabus.
restrictions and ordinances were abrogated and the
unwonted liberty produced a national reaction in
many directions, trvinz to the faith of the saints
and the sincerity of the. converts did not elicit a
return to those wholesale, indulgences in drunken
oess which at former periods had characterised the
people, thus demonstrating that in this respect at
least the nation had outgrown its passion or that
the development of civilization had already created
countervailing influences to check its indulgence.
Shortly after the restoration the Government, ig
noring or slighting the experience gained and ap
parently acting in a spirit of opposition to the
prudent and liberal measures adopted by the Pro
visional Administration, reimposed the various
tabus, and some in even a more severe form than
before, such as the liquor tabu.
Looking back, from our own knowledge of this
people, upon the last twentyyears.it is our calm
and settled conviction that, as restrictive, discrimi
nating and disqualifying measures were not needed
in 1843 to prevent general indulgence and national
excesses in drink, they were unnecessary in 184G,
and every year afterwards unjust, offensive, de
moralizing towards the natives, a trap towards the
licensed dealers, and shortsighted and impolitic
throughout. It is a notorious fact that for the last
seven or eight years the mere force of public opin
ion has made the law prohibiting the sale of liquor
to natives, almost a dead letter and inoperative as
regards those who, if they had the means and the
inclination, never failed to obtain liquors at the
licensed houses, and yet drunkenness has most sen
sibly diminished in Honolulu during the same pe
riod, as the police records will abundantly attest,
Is it credible that the native population of Hono
lulu have for the last twenty years merely refrained
from drinking to excess and returning to the Sat
urnalia of intemperance out of regard for the
licensed dealers 1 Is it probable that they would
return, were (he penalties on the dealers removed !
Are the influences for good already existing, and
better ones to be looked for, to be counted for
nothing against a one-eyed hypothesis, predicating
itself solely on a long past condition of the people !
Have religion, morality and education been impo
tent to soften the manners, curb the passions and
elevate the views of this people Are the churches,
religious and other associations, with which the
country abounds, no proofs of its advancement,
mentally, morally and civilly, between 1835 and
1S63, or are they simply monuments of an extra
neous, arbitrary movement, for which the nation
has no sympathy, no affection, no pride t Is the
Government impotent to punish individual offenses
against public decorum and the peace of the land,
or is it incompetent to deal with the liquor question
in a firm, yet rational and liberal manner ?
We ask, then, on what facts in the conduct and
condition of the Hawaiian people do our opponents
those tearful and prayerful politicians, who,
having seen the people en dishabille at some former
period and being unable to overcome the shock
their sensibilities received rest their gjjinion
that a nominal permission would be IV?? with
dangers which a virtual permission has not engen
dered ! Granted that ignorance and rudeness still
prevail in the land ; yet who will say that the ig
norance and rudeness of to-day are not immeasura
bly thinner and lighter than the darkness and bar
barism of thirty years ago T Those times may
have needed the main de Jer, this period wants the
gant de velours.
It may be said that the interest at stake is too
great to be risked on an experiment, and that, hav
ing legally the whip-hand of the natives, it is better
to keep it so, than to run the risk of their getting
the bit between their teeth. )fe say that the ex
periment has been practically tried for several
years without danger or the symptoms of danger,
and that all that is now sought for is to remove
the legal disability, which the sober and temperate
of the people do not deserve, which is a premium
upon hypocrisy in others, and has no terror for the
vicious.
Those who remember the olden times are well
aware of how drunkenness then spread, and whence
it proceeded, and we need not revert to the melan
choly spectacle. That time has past, and its men
have gone with it ; and those who study history
and the character of a people, rather than their own
foregone conclusions, will admit without a misgiv
ing that, other things remaining, it is as impossi
ble to revive the past of Hawaii nei, as it would be
to revive the times of Caractacus or of the Heptar
chy in England.
It has been said that the people have a right to
be protected by Government against its own pas
sions, and that the restrictions in question are a
simple exercise of that right. In one sense the
people have a right to be protected, viz : that pro
tection which comes from an expanded, enlightened
and liberal education; but in the sense in which
our opponents use the phrase, we contest its cor
rectness. No member of a family, or portion of it
community has a right to ask their government to
imprison or restrict the whole family or coininu
nity lest they (the petitioners) should be tempted
to make fools or beasts of themselves. The Gov
ernment may erect Bedlams and Houses of Correc
tion for those who have lost their self-control, but
it has no right to abridge the liberty of sage and
unoffending men because their rational and mod
erate enjoyment of their liberty sets their neighbor?
crazy. As well protect the people from covetous
ness or rapine by prohibiting the sale of gold or
cuttlery, as to protect theiu from drunkenness by
prohibiting the sale of liquor. With equal justice
Adam and Eve might have claimed a right of pro
tection against their own passions and the exclu
sion from Eden of the objects that tempted them
Law is a social agent that deals with the overt facts
of society, but when law attempts to enter the
heart of the individual and regulate his passions,
his appetites and desires, it has ever lamentably
failed, by arrogating to itself the prerogatives of
education and of religion. Moral and religious
laws concern themselves about the passions of men;
civil laws only step in when these passions mani
fest themselves in acts hurtful to the pence and
well-being of society. To treat an individual, a
portion of, or an entire community as drunkards
and murderers in posse before they have shown
themselves to be such de facto, is a refinement in
legislation which we have borrowed from New
England, but none the less monstrous, whether
practiced here or there.
Some of our opponents writing on this subject
say :
There can be no civility without morality, and le-
cal limitations and restraints to the exercise of indi
vidual rights prejudicial to the peace and good of society
and ot universol tendencies, are therefore just and
necessary till a people have so far advanced in the
social scale as to be above and beyond the necessity of
such restraints.
Who are to be the judges of that advance,
and what are to be its criteria! We contend that
the facts of society prove to the observer that the
general tendency" to drunkenness has signally
decreased from and before 1843 up to the present,
and, what is most remarkable of all, that decrease
has been greatest during the last several ycirs
when the restrictions were virtually relaxed and
far greater ' opportunities for indulging prevailed
than ever before. We are willing that on this
point the people should be judged by its worst ex
ponent, the city of Honolulu ; and if there, in spite
of every facility and temptation, drunkenness has
materially decreased, to a proportion even less than
that of places with an equal number of inhabitants
in countries otherwise more civilized, or so reputed
then we ask that the law should recognize the
fact, that statesmen, politicians and lawmakers
should no longer belie and insult the people by
ignoring so commendable a trait in its charac
ter. The senseless cry that, if the law were repealed,
grog-shops would start up in every crossroad and
thoroughfare in the land, is too ridiculous for seri
ous consideration ; and so is the philanthropic la
ment that the natives would sell the clothes off
their backs to procure the liquor. They are simply
assertions. They may be well meant; but they
have no warrant in facts. National character and
national tendencies are not judged of by th e worst
specimens of a people, nor should they be
here.
It is hardly worth the time to pursue the subject
further in this direction. We will obey the laws
of the country, but we will not believe that a law
which ignores the social facts and development of
the people, which is predicated on a condition no
longer existing, which is a mockery and a libel is
just, right and politic, simply because the legisla
ture made it ; nor do we believe that its repeal at
this time, would set a single star adrift in the
Heavens, or turn the head of a single Hawaiian on
earth.
Cantons House Stnlinlica.
The Official Report of the Collector-General of Cus
toms, relating to Navigation, Trade, &c, for 1862, is
published in to-day's paper. In looking over this
Table, computed for all the ports of the Kingdom, and
also our own tables, computed solely for the Port of
Honolulu, and published last week, the increasing de
velopment of national resources and undiminished
intercourse with the outside world are highly gratify
ing, both as an index of material progress, and as dis
proving the lugubrious prophecies in which a certain
set of politico-finacio-economists indulged some three
years ago, and on which they now have the sense to
keep silent, though they have not the grace to disown
them. It was so boldly predicted, so strenuously as
serted that the imposition of the 10 per cent duties
woulii drive away commerce and ruin the country,
that the falling off of the whaling fleet was almost
entirely owing to that measure, that imports would
diminish, revenue decrease and agriculture stagnate,
the Ministry were pelted with every opprobrious
epithet, the Legislature derided and the country com
miserated, and, so far as words can effect their own
fulfillment, it certainly was no fault of theirs that their
prophecies failed.
That any change in existing tariffs will, in a measure,
disturb the regular operations of commerce, whether
that change be from high to lower, or from low to higher,
was never denied by us ; but that in our case the
change would prove permanently and accumulatively
injurious we denied, and time now proves our correct
ness. That a change from a low to a somewhat higher
taiff here would cause an over-importatiou in antici
pation oi its going into effect was but natural, and that
such over-importation should have been followed by an
untler-importation for the year or two following, re
quired no inspiration to tell, and could cause no alarm
in foreseeing comprehensive minds. That the falling
off of the whaling fleet, through causes independent of
the tariff, should have seriously disarranged many
branches of trade and commerce, was to be expected,
and needed not have taken any by surprise who had
kept their eves oDen to the onerations of the whale
.y , - - -
fishery. Bat that the one or the other would perma
nently paralyze the country, and send the people I ck
to barbarism and the tnalo, as predicted, showed tVler
i weakness of perception or a strength of prejudice
that are unpardonable in men who write for and aspire
to enlighten and influence public opinion.
The following comparative table will, in a measure.
illustrate our remarks, bearing in mind that the main
disturbance in Hawaiian trade occasioned by the new
tariff extended over about two years, 1859 and 18G0.
We collate, therefore, the figures of the two previous
and the two subsequent years.
Import I ,Cus. rec'ts
Value total
Import.
duties on Value roods: exclusive
Good at limur'd free.
of duties
Honolulu.
on Liquor.
K7...
IS S ...
i . .
I efitl ...
Ivil...
Is62..
$1,1:10, 1 fi5 41 5l,ll- Itt $ 4,!93 54 $'H.9:tl 21
j l,0J.uriO Bill 3T,8;tS 17 38,IJII 5.1 M,!t
I.5.VV&S 74! 6(1,675 OC! yj.lW.S lti K-V7--J
I,3,74a 1I.V 5U.is:l2ll 13.V'.! 4: 4 i
til,lli9 r7 44.774 btlj l'.i,7.8 78 7,974 K4
' J9S.1!) 67 ! 69,Lfi 41 1 11:2,707 O'J !, 79
I v EXPORTS.
' Domestic an Do. as
Arrival Merchantmen
at Honolulu.
cargo. supplies. No.
Tons.
2f?,2S7
4l.s9
38.447
45tS
59.1 II
Kr7 ....
IS.VJ ....
I'9 ....
imiO
Ixil ...
J 802 ....
$247,703 91 !$175.6MI 75
a.iti.7lt; 111 SK.I.25U toil
4:s6,T75 an iyi,Mi! in
349,9-.'6 54' 3).Mi 102
4"4.I7: 74 j 72.7iM 91
532.941 87 j .M.rtiXi 121
We say that the country has great cause to con
gratulate itself upon its material progress, and that
the measure which was so bitterly denounced at the
time has neither crippled commerce nor worked injury
to the consumer, nor diminished the revenue of the
Government.
K7" Another week without an item ; and the
world on the corner " have attended the Courts to
relieve the monotony of the times by listening to
lawsuits which, in our humble opinion, never ought to
have been there. The American war is an external
topic ; so we uever peak of it, except upon the arrival
of a mail ; besides it is so exciting a subject, that we
always approach it with the utmost cautiou. But even
that is cooling, aud our contemporary, the champion
of a portion only of the American people, begins to
think a " suppression of the rebellion ir a restoration
of peace " " very questionable during the presi nt ad
ministration." We never doubted the sober, second
thought" that peculiar correction for paralaxand refrac
tion in American politics, aud are glad to see it em
ployed even by inferior journals to correct their calcu
lations upon the course run and the distance yet to
make. The Advertiser moreover tells us that it has
never approved the course of the administration at
Washington in its first and second dismissal of McClel-
lan." What a misfortune th t the admonitions of a
Honolulu journal should have fallen upon heedless ears
in ashington ! nell may it now wash its h inds of
the consequences, exclaiming, I told you so;" and
we now can understand why it question- the ability of
the administration to end the war. It is a trait of
many minds, instantly a calamity fills upon them, to
seek some scapegoat to bear the burden for them. The
journal in question, not being above the avenge of
mankind in status and scope of vision, seeks an excuse
for the disaster at Fredericksburg and finds it in the
War Department, in spite of its own publication in
another column of Gen. Burnside's official report, in
which he (Gen. B.) " assumes the responsibility," and
adds that he decided his movement against Fredericks
burg " rather against the opinion o;e President, the
Secretary of War and Gen. llallcck.'Xi n which he
himself, makes no mention of any delay in obtaining
the persons ordered, but calls the delay " unexpected
and irncS1 1 'ts taste to throw the blame on
the War Department, that journal impeaches the verac
ity of General Burnside. We are no partisan of either,
but we like history to be written impartially, if written
at all; and we fail to see why the President, Mr. Stan
ton or Gen. Halleck should be declared incapable on
account of a strategy that was executed " against their
opinion. ir the irabian policy of McCIellan w is dis
carded by the Cabinet at Washington, a truthful histo
rian and critic would not hive omitted to attribute
some, if not the greater portion of th blame to that
very class of journalists, of whom our contemporary is
a distant imitator, who, disregirding the magnitude of
the conflict, have so confidently broken the back of the
rebellion so many times, and were shouting for a little
" dash " to " pitch in " ere the joints should have time
to knit again. As Gen. Burnside assumes the responsi
bility of the movement from Warrenton to Fredericks
burg on the line he did move, the following extract from
the correspondent of the New York Times, dated "Fal
mouth, Novemlier 2oth," will perhaps help to relieve
the Cabinet from being the authors, aiders and abet
tors in the disaster occurring at Fredericksburg :
The present situation of the Army of the Potomac
presents a good illustration of the perjvjual advantages
whicn a torce operating vigorously? the defensive,
with ottensive returns, can gain uc a timid and unen
terprising aggressor, lhe enfcle matter of crossing a
petty stream, less than aJfvudred yards wide, and a
little over knee-dee-, froHue commoupl.ice operation
it was a week ago, hfut this date grown to be a peril
ous enterprise, whiojfwe have not yet executed, and
which we will cerf.nly not be able to execute without
very considerable Joss of hie.
It is just a week ago to d.y since the Right Grand
Division of the Army of the l'otom ic, under command
of Mjor-General Sumner, halted the head of its column
onjmr Kappahaunoek at this place. A squadron of
nnu lour pieces or artillery composed the con
V.iptible foe present to bar our passage. Not a regi
ment of infantry, not a foot ot fortification, was there.
Everybody knows what the impetuous tieux sabreur at
the head of the division wanted to do. What he had to
do was to obey orders, and these orders commanded
that he should not cross the river. A single battery of
10-pounder I'arrots, placed on a comman iing eminence
on the side of the ryer, in an hour silenced the enemy's
guns, and made the passage free to us. It was not even
allowed to go over and take possession of the disabled
rebel cannou. We slept that night on the north bank
of the Rappahannock. Tuesday morning we found six
guns in position, better placed than before, and com
manding the ford. Wednesday morning there were ten.
Thursday saw the defenses increased by a section on
our left (the rebel right.) Friday, by a section on our
right (the rebel left) thus giving them a direct and
double cross-fire upon us. Saturday morning disclosed
the result of an industrious night's work ; the guns
were protected by intrenchments in front, and yester
day, on riding out with Gen. Hunt, Chief of Artillery,
for the purpose of selecting positions for batteries, we
found the rebel batteries on right, center and left ad
mirably covered from our fire by breastworks and
epaulements.
The position which the Confederates have selected at
Fredericksburg is an admirable one, and puts every ad
vantage on their side. Immediately opposite where we
shall have to land on crossing the stream, precisely op
josite Falmouth and a little to the right of Fredericks
burg, is a level plain, running back from the river a
mile. At this point the land swells up, en terrace, form
ing a bare plateau ; and back of this again rises a higher
range of land, the heights well wooded. The crest nd
foretop of the first ridge are well lined with guns, and
as the outline of river and ridge curve round in the
segment of a circle, they are able to get admirable en
filading fires from each other. Behind the secondary
range where the hills reach their highest elevation and
break down from the horizon on the other bide, the uu-
known force of the enemy lies concealed. Supposing,
therefore, that under fire of batteries planted on our
side of the river, the work of throwing over the troops
is successfully accomplished, utterly suns ehelter. and
a steep and difficult ascent over and up which the men
will have to pass exposed to a thrice murderous front
and cross fire of shrapnel, cine and canister.
The great authority of Napoleon is on record to the
effect that no tro ps can withstand the fire of 16 guns
over the space of a thousand toises. You see, there
fore, the task before us. It is true, the batteries planted
i n the heights on our side of the river may be relied
upon to embarrass the gunnery of the rebels ; but the
distance (from 2,500 to 3,000 yards) is too great for
either artillery force to be able to do the other nny very
serious damage. Besides, precisely at that point where
our batteries should be of most service namely, where
the troops come under the hottest fire of the enemy's
guns we shall have to cease firing for fear of destroy
ing our own men. But supposing that by an exercise
of that sublime courage of which our troops are capa
ble, they storm and reach this pl.iteni; there then re
mains another and secondary range of fortified heights
to take, and behind them the seried columns of rebel in
fantry. Im igine that we meet with a repulse; that in
the meanwhile the rebel batteries have been able to
l. u . - u - i - i . i . i i .
knock to pieces the pontoon bridge; we have then be
fore us the appalling contingency of our broken col
umns flying to a river which at high tide is up to a
man's neck, and, from its extrerae'y rocky and slippery
bottom, is excessively difficult of crossing. Does the
image of a new, but far more terrible Ball's Bluff rise
on the mind ?
CO It 11 ESrOXDEINUE.
Mr. Editor: In two previous communications I
endeavored to show by reference to United States
Government statistics, that whatever amount of rice
these islands may produce, it will be but a very small
fraction in the market of the world, and a very small
fraction even in comparison with the export previous
to the war from the port of Charleston alone I also
endeavored to make suggestions for a more piofitable
cultivation of rice, by severing the leading strings of
San Francisco and by entering on a process of less
expensive and laborious cultivation.
With your permission, I will enter on point three
Laborers During many years past the number of
laborers on these islands was more than sufficient.
While the whaling fie. t visited our islands in large
numbers and full ships entered our ports, agriculture
was a resource of too slow and therefore despised a
character, that men, who could realize in a few
months by traffic, by fair or foul means, as much and
more than the plowshare could bring them, should
give it even a passing thought, except as a play
thing or a kind of half holiday on the annual fair day
which the few wise and far-seeing men who endeav
ored to establish an agricultural society tried their
utmost ti introduce on these islands. Those were
days when the laboring class either tried their luck
on board of a whaler or remained at home on their
cozy mats, living at their eas; while the season
lasted, and tightening their belts, Indian fashion,
daring the out-of-season months.
G'orioiis times those ! Header, drop a sympathetic
tear over the grave of the glorious past ! Times are
altered. Men's minds have taken a turn. The scales
have changed. Then the whalins Act brought down
its scale to the very bottom, and the scale containing
agriculture, light, as a feather, went sky-high. Now
everybody jumps into the agricultural scale, and the
whaling fleet is rising considerably, some. Then the
amount of our agricultural resources comprised three
or four coffoc or sugar plantations, a few acres of
potatoes and arrowroot, a few acres of wheat and
kalo. and thousands of acres of indigo to fatten stock
for the exportation of beef. Xow hundreds of acres
have been cleared of their prolific growth of indigo,
bulrushes have been extirpated, and the solid clay,
hardened by the hot sun of tens of years, has been
transformed into the softest mud imaginable to pro
duce in the first nine months of trial, from April 1 to
December 31, an export of 797,553 pounds of paddy
and 111,008 pounds of rice, valued at some $-30,000.
Xow the formerly three or four sugar plantations are
inrreasing rapidly in number, in acres under cultiva
tion, and in the most approved machinery.
The talk on change " is ' sugar in the gourd,"
or "rice at the mill ;" oil and bone are nowhere.
There is no stop niycT '"" the increase (and may there
never be) of cultivateiTSfcJJvery day you hear of
some one going to plant sugar nii' pin J-ii Inn last
year but a few acres of rice were raised, reaffiub-
stantial plantations are opened for the coming season-
In some instances the want of laborers has already
been felt during the latter half of the past year, and
to a certainty, will be felt severely a few years hence.
Until yet the laboring population was what mihtbc
termed a floating population. While individuals cul
tivated onlv a small tract of land or a few acres.
laborers could always be had, more or less, when
wanted ; but ns sugar and rice plantations increase
and extend, the planter hires his laborers by the year,
and withdraws them for that length of time from the
market. A year sinee, there was not a day vihcn I
could not in an hour's time assemble from six to
eight laborers, willing to work. It is not so now, and
there cannot be the least doubt that a few years
hence the want of laborers will be the greatest ob
stacle in the advance of agricultural resources, and
by raising the price of labor to a too high standard.
cripple our industrial enterprises. I consider it
therefoie well worthy the attention of planters and
farmers to give the subject their consideration, and
think it but prudent to look in time for remedies to
encompass the threatening evil. The last census
gives no hope.
The only remedy I can suggest is the importation
rf laborers. But whom or how ? That's the question.
The importation of white men, of whatever nation, as
laborers, be it on sugar or rice plantations, is so inad
missible, that it is unnecessary to give any space to
the reasons against it. The importation of negroes.
if it were even possible to import a few thousand of
the Lincolnized ebony, is equally inadmissible. In
his right place, as a slave, the negro would be a vaK
uable laborer; as a free man, he would become a
curse to these islands. v
While entering on the question of the introduction
of laborers, it is not only necessary to take into con
sideration the fitness, physical and intellectual, and
the advantage that the farmer may derive from the
imported immigrant as a laborer, but it is even mote
necessary, and ought and should be of paramount
necessity t- take into consideration what advantage
the people, the Hawaiian people, would derive from
the imported immigrants." While the planter ac
quires the needed laborers, the people at large should
acquire what will infule new life into the decreasing
and decaying national body the people should ac
quire a diss of immigrants by nature highly adapted
to readily amalgamate with them, to give strength to
their weakened constitution, and instead of bein
more civilized, infusing into them every new vice at
tendant on civ I i .at ion, be less civilized, and receive
from them an advance in civilization in exchange for
giving to them the vigor of a renewed national ex
istence. For this reason the Coolie is an undesira
ble acquisition for the mass of the people, and as
a laborer, of small value generally. Also, neither
white, black nor Coolie. We must therefore cast our
eyes round the vast Pacific, and hope that some of
the numerous islands will accommodate as. Some
degree of civilization, or at least some acquaintance
with civilization, is necessary to induce a desire for
the better. The constant, never ceasing desire for a
better is a most prominent mark of civilization.
Wherever islands can be found where the inhabit
ants actually do emigrate from one to another, there
we may find a desire to better themselvea. and there
we may look for people willing to emigrate to these
islands. From a most authentic source, an old whale.
man. Mr. F. Warren, I have learned that the people
of the Caroline Islands frequently emigrate to Say-
pan, where nearly one-half of the inhabitants consist
of Carolinians. There are also other groups of islands.
the inhabitants of which, by coming frequently in
contact with the white man, have already received
the idea that something better exists The Hervey
Croup, Mangoa, Iloratonga, etc., are places where
the people might be induced to emigrate. 1 he King a
Mill Group, Hope, Roach and Byron Islands are in-
k habited by a fine, healthv and intelligent race. Very
I j ' - c
often their productions fail them, and at no place, so
I am tol i, are people more willing to go on board of
whalers. A vessel might procure any number almost
at any time.
Could we succeed (and if we do not, it is our own
fault) to induce hundreds of men, women and chil
dren to immigrate t these islands, to amalgamate
with this people, to whom they are so nearly allied
in language, race, and perhaps destiny, to likely turn
the tide in the decrease of this people, by infusing the
vigor of their unimpaired constitution into this race,
who can one instant doubt that to agriculture, the na
tional existence even, and the perpetuity of the peo
ple must be ascribed as one of its greatest results. Is
this then only the dream of a visionary ? Is it but an
idle thought, thrown in the air to burst like a soap
bubble ? Who knows the ways of the Omnipotent
or has entered into his counsels r and who will deride
the possibility that in future times the seven islands
of this archipelago shall, by being the nucleus of civi
lization among the isles of the Pacific, become jet
the powerful empire, the center to which the peoples
of the thousand islands of this vast ocean converge
Should it ever be so, it will not be the first predic
tion of your visionary correspondent that has become
a fact.
'The social and moral education of a people will
advance only in the ratio in which the free improve
ment of the soil advances." That this as-sertion.
which I made in 18G0, is becoming verified, is ac
knowledged in His Majesty's speech from the throne.
Sugar and rice have been the agents. And when
through want of loborers, and compelled to resort to
the importation of emigrants, the tide in thedecrea.se
of this race shall be stemmed and our valleys and
mountain sides shall again teem with an ever increas
ing population, it is due to sugar and due to rice,
Under Kamehameha I. the people fearfully decreased.
let the tide turn under Kamehameha IV., that cen
turies hence a powerful empire of the Pacific may to
remotest ages attest the glory of Kamehameha I., its
founder. Let our valleys be musical Mith the rust
ling sounds of the waving cane, when gentle breezes
sweep over its silken tops, let the golden ears of rice
nod their precious burdens to the genial ravs of the
sun, let the cheerful voices of merry reapers sound
over the plains, where the heavy wheat proclaims of
plenty, let the bottom of our harbors be loosened bv
the anchors of a numerous merchant fleet, let moni
tors be our navy to defend our national honor and
prosperity, let our people be happy, prosperous and
numberless as the sands on our island shores, and
acknowledge that agriculture did it all
HoLSTEIX.
(To be concluded next week.)
Special Notices.
ADVERTISEMENT,
tW THE CATIIKDKAL GRAMMAR Srhool
will oin on Monday morning the 13th of January, with Divine
Service, in the temporary Church, Kukul Street, ai 9 A. M.
HAWAIIAN CATHEDRAL GRAMMAR
SCHOOL.
Visitor, Rijrht Revd. the Lord Bishop of Honolulu.
Warden, Rcvd. G. Mason, M. A., of the University of OxforJ.
K "ii;t;r ok this school, is to
afford a sound religious and liberal education to the ions of
gentlemen.
The coume of study will comprise the usual English branches,
together with instruction in Latin, Greek and Mathematics.
Mechanics and Natural Philosophy, and if required, in French
and German.
tr l . ... . ... . .
ue requirements oiuinerent pupils will be taken into consid
eration in the choice of their studies.
me year will be divided Into Four terms. The first term
commences on Slonday, January 1:2th, and will end on Satur
day, March 28th.
A payment of f 12 in advance to the Treasurer of the Mission,
will be required from each pupil under 13 years, per term, and
$15 abve that age. Special arrangements cr.n be made in case
of more than one pupil from the same family.
The Warden will receive a limited number of boarders.
The School will be conducted for the present at the Parsonage
House. Kukui Street.
Applications to be made by parents and guardians to Revd
G. Mason, before January 12th.
35
ALLSOPF'S
A IL E 2
EX
DAMIETTA !'
IN PRIME
FOR SALE BY
JOHN RITSON.
9th JAN GARY, 1S63.
37 4t
To Let.
THE CATO HOTEL, PREMISES.
'!! $uch alteration and repairs will be made as to render it
' t anil. kl. . L..;.
fjspjfB juilffvic aw au v ujiuvnj,
a! 6 W. A. ALDRICH.
2Cctu uuertiscment
5.
THE STEAMER
KILAUEA!
WILL LEAVE HONOLULU
On MONDAY, Jan. 26, 1863,
At 1-2 past 4r o'clock T. M.
FOR
L.AIIA1XA,
KALEPOLEPO,
31 A K EE'S L.AM)Lu,
KEALAEEKUA,
KAILUA,
KAWAIIIAE,
IIO.NOIPr, a,,a
1IILO !
Steamer
A WT1TTTI fl TTW
mmih LAUnlti !
WILL, LEAVE FOIi
On Monday, January 19,
At 1-2 past 4 P. ZVZ.,
And thenceforward she will leave for KOLOA erery Thursday,
and fur AWILIWILI ererj Monday.
JANION, GREEM A CO ,
29 tr AgrenU Hawaiian 3. X. To.
SUGAR A3TD MOLASSES
FROM
Lihue Plantation!
Jbl SALE ,w i"tltle to aolt Pnrahwrrt,
Janmry ALDRICH, WALKER M t'o
SUGAll AIVD MOLASSES
FROM
Metcalf Plantation !
FOK SALE
by
quantltle to salt Pnrrhaiwni.
ALDRICH, WALKER Sl Co.
January 16, 1863 38tf
To nice Growers!
THK lDERMXF.D will pay CASH (from till
date) the nilie! market rata for tnii Paddy, delivered st
hitf Auction Sale Room, Queen aireet. and will return ihm
rontmner.
T" Natives or foreigners on the other islands hv nhippin
Paddy to our ronieninent. may receive in- i .!.. .,th
rash or order for the amount of their shipment at the hizhet
market rate. u lu wlm i...-,.,. "
January li?, 1863. 33tf Auctioneer.
SUGAR IYI1LL
A fFnViw n,4R I'COMPLETE,a,le
il of Hard Wood. For sale by
S3 4t
S. SAVIDUF,
xx. axcxxrcrsiix: & son,
'BAKERS AXI) GROCERS.
Ent corner of Kins nni Fort Street.
NOTICE.
In the matter of the
1 state of Keolewa. of
Honolulu, late deceased.
T)ROPKIt application bavins; been made to the
Hon. Klisha II. Alien. Chief Justice of Die Snnrnn.. .rt
by II. R. H. Prince Kamehameha. for letters of administration
nm the Estate of Keolewa, of Naawawa, Haw., late deceased :
Notice is hereby iriven to all persons whom it nT miuvm thai
Thursday, the day of January instant, at 9 o'clock in the
forenoon, is a day and hour appointed for hearinr the applica
tion for letters of administration aforesaid, and ail otjei tiuus
that may be offered thereto, at the Court House in the town of
Honolulu.
JXO. K. BARNARD. Clerk S::nrem fVmrt
Honolulu. Jan. 15, l!63. -is t
lTo:i?Sale.
A PIAT-JO PORTE.
ONE OP THOSE SUPERIOR IX-
2r:jrl lramv"1 nom the Manufactory of Albert W-
2 f j JLadd St Cr and imported by J. Fuller. Ksq., is
tV Persons wu-hinr to purchase are referred, br wmlMinn
to M.ijor E. Hasslocher, Professor of Music.
inquire of pa tf J. A. BREWSTER.
Sale.
A RIDING HORSE & SIDE SADDLE
4 FIRST-RATE RIDIVR !inRi.
perfectly kind and well broken for ladies' use : toeethrr
with an excellent Side Saddle, can be bought on appli-
cation to
Mi tf
J. A. BREWSTER.
ONE SUGAll LUX!,, complete.
X board of any schooner in Hanalei Bav.
Er TERMS LIBERAL 1
Apply to
87 lm
Mr. G. THOMS.
'I'O WHOM IT M A V CONCERN,
-a. n
dersigned has in his possession
The
9 baskets snndry Spirits,
I demijohn Whisky,
I Coat,
6 Water Jars and a lot of Ivory,
Seixed for violations of the Revenue Laws.
Any person claiininr the above mm
known to the undersigned.
, . .OODALE, Collector of Customs.
Collector's Office, Jan. 9, 18tiJ. s;
Executor's Notice.
rpiIE rxDERSIGXEO, Executor or the 1VII1 of
1 Frederick Mills, late of Honolulu, deceased, hereby give
notice to all those having demands against the Estate. t. present
the same; and those who are indebted to the Ute will please
tuake payment to the undersigned.
R. BOYD,
Execntor of th Will of r.i,;k i
Honolulu, Jan. 6, 1863. 37 3t
SUPREME COURT,
131 I' ROB ATE
In the matter of the
r.state of L II. Anthon.
late of Copenhagen, dec'
d. J
PROPER Application having been made to the
Hon. (i. M. Robertson. Associate Just ire nt th S
Court, by Theodore C. Heuck. for letters of administration up
on the Estate of L. H. Anthon, of Copenhagen, late deceased :
Notice is hereby riven to all Derson whom it nr eonera. tiiat
Saturday, the 24th day of January inst, at o'clock in the fore
noon. Is a day and hour appointed tor hearing; of application for
letters of administration aforesaid, and all objections that may
be oOered thereto, at the Court House in the town of Honolulu.
J.XO. E. BARNARD, Clerk Supreme Court.
Honolulu. Jan. 7, 1863. 37 2t
CH1A MATTIXG, 4-4. 5-4, &- White and
Checked For sale by
jTX 1 vi . i rJ A k. T j
AS
H. IIACKFEI.D A. CO.