The Garden Island. [volume], May 30, 1922, Page 8, Image 8

About The Garden Island. [volume] (Lihue, Kauai, H.T.) 1902-current

Image provided by: University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI

                
THE GARDEN ISLAND, TUESDAY, MAY .30, 1922
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The University Extension Letter
munrniLnnnrimian innjuni inifC WMjni -fttmrmnttuiTtrimiin rtn
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INCREASING OUR SUGAR CROP
BY BUD SELECTION
Can tho Hawaiian sugar crop bo
Increased by bud selection? This
question was answered recently by
Dr. A. D. Samuel, expert ot tho U.
S. Department ot Agriculture, by
stating that many other commerclnl
crop plants havo been greatly Im
proved by bud selection and that
there is no reason why s'ugar cano
should bo any oxcoptlon.
Oranges and lemons In California
havo been greatly Improved under
Dr. Shamel'a experimentation, tho
average yield per tree have been
Increased greatly, tho quality ot the
fruit also being greatly Improved,
so that tho grower has profited
richly as a result.
Apples during many years havo
been worked upon thru bud selec
tion, and groat Improvement has re
sulted. Careful experiments carried
on in Canada for many years have
shown clearly that tho tendency of
an npplo tree to produce largo
yields is a definite characteristic
which can bo passed on to the next
goneratlon. Therefore, tho scions' or
grafts for propagating tho young
trees should bo taken' fyom a tree
mat yieius wen.
Potatoes have been so greatly
injproved by careful Bedectlon of
"seed" tubers that a largo commer
cial field In California planted with
selected tubers produced 175 bags
per acre as compared with 35 bags
per aero yielded by an adjoining
field planted in tho ordinary way.
Another man declares that selection
has increased his potato yelld over
one hundred per cent In tonnago
and greatly Improved tho quality
as well. s
Last year, and gain this year, Dr.
Shamol has been engaged by the
Hawaiian, Sugar Planters' Associa
tion to make special studies on "bud
selectlbn as applied to sugar cane
production. Already his experiments
are showing startlli'g results, suffi
cient to justify the following state
ment from him made at tho Short
course recently held at the univor
sity: "I do not hesitate to offer the
opinion that, thru bud selection, su
gar cane varltles can be Improved
in yield of sugar -per acre as, or
perhaps more than has been tho
case with other crops," as outlined
above. Quoting further, Dr. Shamel
made the following statements con
cerning his work hero:
I DELCO-LIGHT
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How the Work Is Being Dane
"In tho selection of parent plants,
it Is first necessary to become fa
miliar with tho plant characteristics
and behavior thru careful studies,
to develop standards for a compara
tive Judging of plant characteristics,
and to study tho behavior of a largo
number of Individuals under favor
able cultural conditions. My expert
oiico leads me to suggest that besj.
results can usually bo expected 'in
commercial bud selection work for
the Improvement ot a variety of
cultivated plants by securing the
best fields under tho best cultural
conditions for this work. An excep
tion to this general statement should
bo noted in tho caso of efforts to
secure resistence to disease, drought
or other environment factors.
"As large a number of carefully
selected plants should bo used in
progeny tests as it is possible to
hamllo intelligently. In. tho propaga
tion of tho selected plants as many
individuals as possible in each, pro
geny should bo ' grown.
"The conditions in tho progeny
fields should be (1) favorablo to
the best growth and development ot
the plants, (2) should bo nB uniform
as possible In all respects, and (3)
should receive the best caro thru
out the entire history of tho progeny
tests. It is not important in my
opinion as to whether the same
number of plant pieces or buds be
used in each case, but tho plant
material should bo equally spaced
and given comparatively uniform
conditions thruout all tho progony
plantings. An Important fact to get
in mind in this connection Is that
the progeny test is the most offl
clet method with which I am familiar
for testing tho inherent character
istics of the parent plants.
"Tho progeny of each plart must
be arranged bo that it can be identi
fied at any time. This can usually
bo done by driving stake's in the
plant row so as to separate tho pro
gei'les. These stakes 'should Tie (1)
substantial, (2) driven firmly into
tho soil, and (3) located where It
will not be disturbed or lost during
cultivation.
"When the progeny plants have
reached maturity, ard during tho
course' of their growth, the progeny
fields should bo .frequently studied
with tr.o reatost possible care. If
some i;rr.gonies aro found which are
comparatively uniform and deslrnbla
the best individuals in theso best
progenies should bo selected for
progeny m tn additional progeny
field. The remaining plant material
from the good plants of the best
progenies can be used for commer
cial planting.'
N
SOME TIIS ON PLANTING FRUIT
TREES
Tho horticultural department of
tho university is planting an acre
to assorted fruit trees. including
mangoes, avocados, citrus, flgs, etc.
The trees will Co spaced 30x30 feet,
which allows fifty trees per acre.
The soil Is an impervious clay re
quiring special preparation. Tho
holes are 30 Inches ia diameter nnd
30 Inches deep. Digging holes was
begun in January tho surface foot
of soli beln thrown to one sldo ard
tho bottom soil kept separate. After
four months' oxposuvo to sunshine
and showers (tho earth has become
thoroughly weathorcd and of as
good tilth as It Is possible to ob
tain in that typo of soil. To further
Improvo thfls uncongenial soil, 10
pounds of quick liri.'o has1 been aJd
ed to each hole. The surfaco soil
which Is being used to surround tho
roots of the plants Is being mixed
with equal parts ot rice hulls that
were used In tho poultry houses' and
consequently contain droppings, whln
In another serios an equal amount
of coarso barnyard manuro Is bolng
Incorporated with the soil, to com
pare the lvlativo valuo of theso Ma
terials against t ohack series' which
will recaivo no special treatment.
(Continued next woek)
Mrs. E. Donnelly, sister of Mrs.
A. D. Hills, or Wailua, returned to
California on the Lurlino last Friday
after a visit of several mouths.
Kenneth Kerwin, who has been vis
Itlng the Hills, returned with her
:
Force of Habit
Walter Sir, when you eat hero,
you noed not dust off tho plate."
customer Beg pardon, force of
nablt. I'm an umpire London Punch
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HONOLULU
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