Newspaper Page Text
AGRICULTURAL H INTS. POULTRY HOUSE PUN. Standing; Calculated to Awoamodlt (nw Eighty to One Hundred fowls. " ' Several readers have asked for a plan Sara, good hen-bouse that will accommo date from 75 to 100 fowls, the same to se constructed in a manner that will leep the hens warm during . severe -winter weather, and enable the builder m keep several varieties or small lots of 29 to 25 in one room of it. Kothing said ataoot cost. We always presume that those con cnsxplating going- into the chicken busi ness are not seeking merely a place to peod ready cash, but for the purpose of snaking pay out of the employment. always endeavor to aid such persons Tby suggesting economy In the construc tion of buildings to the degree that will encompass the possibilities of making tjRm strong, durable and comfortable. It Is generally conceded that fowls Inept in small flocks do best, and in raak-ang- up a plan for keeping the number itioned we have followed up that closely, and present a five-room bouse with each room ten feet square, fcur of which are intended to provide aammmodation for at least SO to 25 To economize time, labor and expense, we suggest that this house be framed -from posts set in the ground two and orar-half feet, and seven and one-half r-et above, with two by four studding spited on top, running all the way N. HtSTS VI' i i t i J i i I o HOUSE FOB 80 TO 100 FOWLS. Found and across inside partitions, and tiuB. same six inches above ground. I would side with inch boards up and 3owxt, batten cracks, and make four jraLbles, running the roof together to oe point at center of feed room. It is not essential that the building shall be over seven feet from floor to aqoare; less will do. I prefer that a Tss-n-house be roofed with either boards -nur shinsjles, as metal or slate get too bunt for the best welfare of the fowls. The lights should be placed in- so that' thvy will point to south or east and sxhoald be from two and one-half feet o three feet wide and five to six feet Xuh and well protected with strong ?ire netting. The partitions that separate the four tcoms from the feed room are intended t be made mostly of wire netting or 'Jattice work. The nests are arranged -with the entire construction made in "foeij room, with loop-hole from each rooa leading into the alley that fronts tie nests, which allows the fowls of tc room to pass secretly into the swsts In the dark and still be in no way -connected with another set of nests." The idea of making these nests in the Teed room is so that the eggs can be -fcea oat without going into the ad ; joining room; also hens setting can be - let nnto center room, fed, and replaced " in their nests without disturbing any of the laying fowls. The dotted lines are to locate how the roocrts can be put in diagonally, about three or ihree and a half feel nigh, and a slanting floor placed underneath so "that the droppings will not get onto the floor, and can be easily ga thered by TprasJaing them with a scraper down to "the corner where they will drop into -m. portable box prepared for that pur pose. This can be done every morning rif a'cwelute cleanliness is desired. The reader will observe that this arrange xnesnt affords the fowls full range on the "Boor of each room without the necessity - of having the droppings to annoy them -tIrougii the day. for heating and keeping warm, the mxfes lined with wind-proof paper will add much comfort, and I suggest the placing of a cheap coal stove in the ceater room, which will aid materially "in rxtrrnie weather in keoping the temperature up, which will add great -mfoTt to the fowls and insure their faying right along without interruption, -avfrardle&s of the extreme old. The ranges outside can be arranged in sue to suit the owuer of the fowls, ither large or small, according to the wom he may have to expand in. By all vaeains do not make such inclosures too snail. The entrance door, two and one- si f feet wide, opens into a short entry kwh opns with a door to the room on CJbe right and left and also into the enter room. This house will cost in the' neigh bor- oasd of $40, labor included. I think an iiteur who thinks of taking on three or- four breeds of fowls will find a aw-Hry house of this plan quite suited "J te requirements of fitting out ser ial breeding pens. George K. Scott, in Ohio Farmer. THE POULTRY YARD. 'Sand should not be made a substitute gravel. Mixing breeds promiscuously- C es work well. It fowls do not moult well look for ; put a little flour of sulphur in their and a little iron in the drinking The chickens need a ran on green pas- just as much as uo the cows, hogs horses. Don't shut them up in -rr - IV hen taking eggs to market carefully wipe each one. and. if they are mixed i.M mlrtr. urt t.hm. nlitpinf, 1 rti-viwn tassel white ones by themselves. They sssTI look better by baring each color aba separate lots, and will in com ismi'.iice bring better prices. Sural World. IM M I I i I J U- l ROOM rs70XWN 10X10 I0JNO H - PlYMOUTM,''! 1 Rocny I I 10 1'10 I DRAINING PASTURES. la Bur CtM It Cu Me Had to Pay HftOdMBMlj. The impression is quite common that it wjll not pay to underdrain pasture land, says Drainage Journal. There are pasture lands that it will not pay to drain, but it is also true thatinmaay instances it will pay to underdrain. Jn part, at least, lands used for grazing purposes. In passing - through the country we see many acres of pasture land which, if sufficiently underdrained, would be very valuable. As they are now they are practically worthless, af fording only wild and nnnntritions grasses, worth but little for grazing purposes; in fact, such lands are dis ease breeders of the live stock which have the run of them. Pastures which need underdrainage may be cared for so as to present a good appearance ta the casual observer, but when careful ly examined are found to grow grassei of little value. If they have been seed ed to tame grass there is fcuch a mix ture of water grasses with the tame that the pasture is poor. If a landowner is doubtful as to the benefits of underdraining such land, let him put in one or more tile drains with good outlets and observe the result. The wild sour grasses will disappear and the tame grass sod will thicken and grow luxuriantly. The live stock are good judges. In grazing they will keep the grass near the drains cropped closely because it is more palatable to the taste and more nutritious. We are confident that the value of thousands of acres of pasture lands could be greatly enhanced if underdrained. which are, in their present condition, practically worthless. Those who have given little attention to the real condition of their grazing lands will be surprised in a careful examination of their condition. It will soon become apparent to them that where there is one blade of good, nutritious grass, four or five may be made to grow by a well directed effort in the underdrain age of the land. STORING FARM WAGONS. A Device Which Makes the Shifting of Wag-on Jiodiea Kmay- The illustration below is of a home made appliance placed in a barn the past winter and found to be a great convenience, especially in shifting fi om wagon body to hay rigging, and vice versa. This device consists of a roiled shaft, a, 9ys inches in diameter, reach ing from one main side beam to the other, bb. . In one end of the shaft lire two spokes, c c, seven feet long, making four handles 3yz feet in length. From one handle to the next is a bolt, e, about two feet long. The shaft runs in wootien boxes with bearings five inches in di ameter. On one side of the shaft two small chains, f f, drop down within v jfl?f' X2ry'r ftcOM- ' SHIFTING WAGON BODIES MADE EAST. two feet from stake holes in wagon body, or hay rank, or other implement. as at g. From these ends of chain two pieces about four feet each, with hooks on the ends, run to the stake holes or hooking parts. Similar chains are ar ranged on the other end of the shaft. After the first rigging is rolled up, it is very easy to raise afterwards, as the weight of one body going down as sists in raising the other. F. C. Hub bard, in Orange .Tudd Farmer. CHEAP FARM PAINT. It Gives a Satisfactory Finish on Either Wood or Stone. A method of painting farm buildings and country houses, while by no means new, is yet so little known 2nd so de serving of wider application as to war rant a description. The paint- has but two parts, both cheap materials, being water lime or hydraulic cement and skimmilk. The cement is placed in a bucket, and the skimmilk, sweet, is gradually added, stirring constantly until just about the consistency of good cream. The stirring must be thoroughly done to have an even flow. and if too thiif the mixture will run on the building and look streaked. The proportions cannot be exactly stated, but a gallon of milk requires a full quart of cement, and sometimes a little more. This is a convenient quantity to mix at a time for one person to use. If too much is prepared, the cement will set tle and harden before all is used. A fiat paint brush about four inches wide is the best implement to use with this mixture. Lay it on exactly as with oil paint. It can- be applied to wood work, old or new. and to brick and stone. When dry, the color is a light creamy . brown, or what some would call a yellowish stone color.' The skim milk cement paint, well mixed, with out adding color has a good body, gives smooth satisfactory finish on either wood or stone and wears admirably. American Mechanic. Plenty of BwUdlm Abroad. The number of people who live or try to live Joy their wits seems to' have in creased rapidly of late. Never have swindlers of all kinds been more in evi dence both in city and in country. In a single week no less than four schemes to defraud farmers have come to our notice. They are all variations of the venerable swindles which have been ex posed so often in the press. One cor respondent intimates thst hypnotism is being used to bunko farmers in his lo cality. This is probably only the hyp notism of a smooth tongue on the part of the "agent and careless business methods on the part of the victim. There is a heap of this kind of "hyp notism all over the country at present. National stockman. THE FARMING WORLD. IDEAL. ROAD HORSE. Ik Kind of Animal That Will Always lirlng a Uood rUra. Dr. G. M. Twitchell before the Maine board of agriculture said: The 15 Vi to lb-hand horse of solid color, with broad forehead, ears of good " size and well proportioned, good length from base of ear to eye, eyes full and expressive, with lids free from nieatiness. face straight, nostrils well rounded, full, large and thin lips, not thick, well closed, neck of good length, shapely, clean cut at jowl, and fitting well at shoulders, which can hardly be too sloping, the point of the wethers being well back of the saddle, chest of good width, forearm long and heavily mus cled, knees firm, broad, straight and strong, cannons short, fiat, broad and flinty, pasterns good length, muscular and nervy, free from nieatiness, the ankles from toe to ankle joint being about 35 degrees, ftet round, of size pro portionate to the animal, free from contracted heels, of good muterial and with elastic frog, barrel-shaped iike an inverted egg, deep at girh as well ns waist, allowing full use of lungs with out infringing upon other organs, back short, the point of the coupling on a line with that of hip, thus allowing for the extension of the muscles of attachment well forward over the kidneys, giv ing greater strength to the weakest spot in the animal's anatomy, as well as in man, quarters of good length, uottoo sloping, thus affording room for that free stifle action so necessary in the ideal driver. Stifles and gaskins long. of good width, abounding in muscular attachments, hocks free from meati ness. sound, strong, neither straight nor having a decided angle, and not cut under too sharply at base. Such a horse, going smooth and true. neither paddling nor toeing in forward, nor, as we say", straddling behind, will always command a top price in the market, provided he has ben educated, and abounds in nervous energy. Form, size, color, symmetry and substance are essentials, but these do not insure the load horse. To these must be added in dividuality, the result of breeding. It manifests itself in what we term nerv ous energy, the up and get there power. It is the power of heredity, so desirable, so necessary. To secure this, there must be a high ideal and a fixed deter mination in breeding. SHEEP ON THE FARM. No Stock So Well Adapted to Hillsides and Rough Pnstnres. It does not require a large farm to keep a small flock of sheep, which everything considered is the best, says the Missouri Farmer. It should be well fenced so that they can be kept where wanted. Manj' a rough, worn-out farm might be brought up and made valuable by raising sheep. There is no stock so well adapted to rugged hillsides or rough pastures, or to prevent the growth of weeds and bushes. Where sheep have the range of a field very few weeds will go to seed, and bushes will be so thoroughly cropped that they will either die or be kept back When a farmer can thus easily turn the weeds and bushes of a farm into excellent manure, and at the same time have them converted into mutton and wool. t is certainly a good thing. Sheep will thrive in a pasture and get fat where cattle would almost starve. They also scatter their droppings over the field and never fail to enrich lands, where kept. Feed them extra, for this addi tional food works to the profit of the raiser in two ways it not only insures a good growth of flesh and wool, but it makes the manure richer and more valuable. To make the most profit out of sheep they should be well fed and cared for. A sheep must be fed to make the best mutton, but few conceive that a well- fed sheep produces more wool than one poorly cared for. Wool is a product from feeding, the same as fat, and many farmers lose half the profit from neglect to feed properly. Sheep should have, besides good feed, dry., clean quarters, sheltered from rain and storms. PROTECTING THE PIGS. It Caa 73 Hone by Placing; Two Troughs In the Feeding Pen. To give the little pigs a show at the slop trough is out of the question if they have to scramble for it among the other swine. But it is easily managed by having two troughs in the .feeding pen, with stakes driven down between A, Trough for Adult Hogs: B, Trough for Little Pigs; C. Stakes Five or Six Inches Apart. them at such distances apart as will let the pigs through, but keep the big fel lows out.. The accompanying diagram makes everything .plain at a glance. ' It is often desirable to leave a gabs open, so that cattle or a team and wagon can pass through, but withoutallowing hogs to get out. My plan is to drive down a row of stakes across the gate way,-six inches apart, 10 incht-a high and slanting at about 45 degrees to wards the hogs. Try it. and you will find it a success. ,,..---.. " Xever let a growing pig creep through a crack, least of all one under a crate or board fence. It will kill him. or make him crooked in the back. A- Coy, in Journal of Agriculture. rail Plewlag Kills Insects. Meadow lands infested with . white grubs should be plowed and thoroughly cultivated in the fall, then planted to some crop that requires thorough culti vation the next season. The fsll culti vation will destroy many of the insects which are then in a very tender stage in little earthen cells in the ground, and the thorough and frequent cultivation of the following crop will soon dis courage the grubs. Kural New orkcr. i i CELLAR FOR POTATOES. One Seen to Colorado Answers A bbtj Keonlroaseata. I have just returned from a trip through the irrigation districts of the west, and while in Colorado, at Greeley, where potato growing is so large an industry, and where they do know hew to raise potatoes, my attention was called to their potato cellars of which there are large numbers. The cheaper forms of simplest, construction are. usually, holes in the ground, preferably; although not always, on a slope fac ing south or eait. They are king, nar row and. usually, three-fourths or mrre retru.M7oir STTAW COLORADO POTATO CELLAR. below the general level of the ground, but often they are built so much above ground that a wagon may hs backed into them when it is desired to remove the potatoes. The cut gives a general iden of their construction and interior arrangement, ns seen in a simple cross-section. Usual ly these cellars are without wall4 of masonry, and are provided with a loof made of poles covered with a layer of hay or straw upon which are six to twelve inches of earth. A row of choles arranged along each side serves to fill the bins easily from the wagon; these are made of inch lumber, and are about one foot square in cross-section, pro jecting six to eight inches abeve the roof. In the crest of the roof there are, usually, two or more ventilators con structed in the manner of the chutes. The entrance to the cellar, etpecially when constructed so as to be entered with a wagon, is provided with double doors separated by a hallway having a length of six or eight feet, and has for its object the shutting out of the frost from in front. When necessary, potatoes are stored in the driveway as well as in the bins, the rear of the drive being filled first. F. H. King, in Kuril New Yorker. VALUE IN DIVERSITY. It Fays to Have Something to Sell All the Year Kound. The farmer that grows a variety of stock has a decided advantage in one respect, in that, with good manage ment, he can have something to sail every month in the year, or nearly so. and having an income in this way he can use it to a better advantage than is possible when all of his income comes from one source. Then he runs less risk of failure and is in a much better conditfcn to take advantage of the mar ket and in many cases the difference in price means that much difference in the profits. Having something to sell so that a steady increase is had, affords a de cided advantage in buying. Under present conditions the farmer buys con siderable of what is used in his family and having ready money gives him I. great advantage. Too many farmers that depend upon wheat or hogs or cattle for their money with which to pay running expenses are obliged to go in debt, and the farm er that buys on credit is not only at a disadvantage in buying what he needs. but in sellinsr what he produces, and this is so much the case (hat it makes a very considerable difference in the farm profits. Then growing a variety of products affords a better opportunity for lessen- ng the cost of feeding the stock, while keeping a variety of stock gives a bet ter chance to use all of the products to the best advantage. There are cases where the conditions are such that the specialist is able to realize a handsome profit, but this is the exception rather than the rule. Generally the farmers who plan to have something to sell at all times work not only on the safest, but the most profitable plan. Farm, Field and Fire side. SALT AS A MANURE. Report of C. V. Vsnderford. of Tennesses Experiment Station. - Results of :i great many experiments both such as have been conducted un der control methodically, and those made by practical farmers, do not show that salt is essential to life or develop ment of agricultural plants. Salt may have some indirect effect because of in duced chemical changes in the upper stratum of the arable soil, and in some cases by physical changea when applied to stiff clays. For many crops, as potatoes, tobacco, beets, melons, etc., salt is injurious; ip some cases a light application of salt may be beneficial, as for onions, cab bage, celery and possibly tomatoes. Upon stiff clay lands, salt at the rata of 200 to 600 pounds broadcast soma weeks before the sowing of smsll grain. or the planting of .corn, has apparently improved the mechanical condition of the soil and has probably added to the yield of grain. Upon land upon which wheat had usually made an overgrowth of straw, with a tendency to straw fall before ripening grain, the writer haa obtained a somewhat shorter out much stiffer growth of straw standing un well till the fully matured crop was harvested, by applying 300 pounds per acre of pork house refuse salt broadcast unon the land in January. Little or ranch, it is not advisable to tnnlr salt to annuals at the time of seeding and it should be used cautious ly, if at alL during growth ana culti vation. . A moderate aresaing. zuw Dounds tier acre on meadow or pasture. very early in spring.- or better during the last winter month, has upon sev eral occasions given apparently good results: but these were not frufflcieatly marked to induce further experi men ta. Clean the poultry bouse Of nice, duaa the hens well with Persian insect pow der, and give them no dry amrta la which to dust. - -A mihte FARM ANDGARDEN. THE POULTRY STANDARD. ' rhe Explanation of Row the vradglna of Fowls Is Done. ' ' The "American "Standard of Perfec tion' is a book containing a list of every recognized breed of poultry, and of the rarietiea of the several breeds. It de scribes in detail the proper color and hape of an ideal fowl, and gives a cer tain value to the shape and plumage in every part of the body of this ideal fowl. The body of the fowl is arbitrarly di vided into parts, called sections, and each section, is given such value that if all of them were perfect in shape and color the total would be 100 points, which is perfection. As no fowl is ideally perfect, the sections are given so high a value tbat it is altogether improbable that any fowl will ever be perfect in every part, and therefore no fowl will ever reach perfection. Expert judges are employed to examine poultry that is exhibited at poultry shows and a good many of the fairs, and they pick out the defects and mark them against the fowls under examination, section after section, and when this is finished, the value of the defects is added up and the total deducted from perfection (100). and the remainder is the score of the bird. When a bird scores less than 85 it is called disqualified, and cannot be considered in the awarding of prizes. The description used in the "Stand ard" are copyrighted, and we cannot use them, but to give you an idea of how the judging of poultry is done, we will imagine that there is a breed called American Beauties, with the following values fixed on the sections: Symmetry - 7 WelKht 1 Condition 6 Head shape 3, color 3 - Comb " Wattles and eaiMohs e Neck shape 4, color 6 1 Back shape 4, color 4 PrnaBt shape 5, color 5 10 Kony ana nun snape o coior o o Wines shape 4. color 4 ? Tall shape 4. color 4........ 8 Legs ana toes.... " Total 100 A given fowl may be perfect in most sections, but not one has ever been found that was perfect in all of them. The nearest to a perfect fowl that has ever been scored was 99 points, if I remember correctly, and the fowl was sold for $200. It may be asked what all this has to do with practical qualities. Tt must be confessed that the "Standard" does not encourage any breeder to breed with a view to anything but color of feather and weight, and that it does not put. any premium on egg production. This is the weak point in it, and will be until that is remedied and encouragement is given to the breeders to look to egg pro duction. As matters now stand, the breeder of pure-bred fowls is compelled to regard shape and color before anything else, and it requires the sacrifice of "Stand ard" points sometimes in order to keep the best layers. As long as this state of affairs lasts the "fancier" will be handi capped in his work of improving fowls and producing egg-laying strains. The pure breeds come into favor because they are good layers in the first place, and keep in front because they transmit this tendency to their progeny, but im provement will not go on as rapidly under the present system as it would if some inducement was made to pro duce egg-laying strains first and beauty afterward. Farm and Fireside. HOUSE FOR POULTRY. Description of a structure That Has Proved Very Satisfactory. The illustrations show a perspective and end view of a house that has proven very satisfactory warm, well lighted, convenient and cheap. Sills, plates and posts are four by four, the rest of the PERSPECTIVE AND END VIEW, frame two by four scantling. Matched lumber or siding for outside. Line in side with building paper and ceiling, or lath and plaster. The latter is most easily kept free from vermin. In the sectional view, a ceiling is shown over head. The space above may be used as a means of ventilation. A few apertures through the ceiling will remove foul air into this space, and it can be carried out SECTIONAL VIEW, through ventilators or gable windows. This avoids all drafts. The wnidows are in the south or slop ing side. A convenient size for a sash is one containing two rows of eight by ten glass, five in a row, esch overlapping the one below in the style of hot-house sashes. One window to five feet in length of building will give good light. - Of course the interior arrangement depends largely upon the fancy of the owner. The floor may be either cement or earth. The former is preferred by the man who cares for the flock, the latter by the hens. A width of 13 feet is recom mended. This will admit of an alley three feet wide along the not th side, the remainder to be divided into pens of the she desired. Ohio Fanner. When a hog haa to be driven to his feed he is being overfed. - HUNGARIAN SWINF. "; The Mangallesa Brood Bu Many Vnlmn . bio Chmraeterlstles. Hungary in its climate and soil great ly resembiea our middle states.- The--. greater part of its 14,000,000 of inhab- . itanta are engaged in agriculture, grow ing especially wheat and corn, and raising all kind of farm animals, among which the. horse and the bog -occupy " the first place. The stock of the present Hungarian swine was originally brought from the Mongolian desert, when Attila with his hordes left' that over populated land. Undoubtedly this stock originated from the wild hog. which, during the long warring pere-' ginationa of its owners, was subjected A MANOALICZA PORKER. . to the most remarkable change of form, without losing its principal good quali ties, hardiness in keeping and fine fat tening qualities. Among the four prin cipal breeds raised in Hungary none excel the Mangalicza. The extensive oak and beech forests on the mountain slope of Hungary furnish unequaled swine pasture, and have largely aided ia giving the Mangalicza swine a lead ing position in the live-stock markets of north and middle Europe. Many thousands of their hogs are each week disposed of in Berlin and Hamburg, be cause, as a Berlin butcher told the writer, "the whole hog goes in the sau sage tub. The head of the Mangalicza is short and broad, nose cylindrical, de pressed at the back; face and cheeks are fleshy, thinly covered with hairs; jowls broad and fleshy; ears larg, some what rounded and drooping; neck most ly short, fleshy, and full arched; the withers are wide and do not rise above the back; back straight, long and broad; loins full and deep; brisket deep and wide; ribs well sprung; belly wide and straight, nearly touching the ground in well-fattened animals; hams large and full; lower part of legs fine-' boned but strong; skin soft, thin and pliable, of a yellowish or black color. During the winter the skin is thickly covered with curled hair; at the neck, withers, and along the back the hair is somewhat coarse, but not long. During the summer the hair grown is thin, some animals being nearly bald. A full grown Mangalicza hog stands at least three feet, high, and measures from tip of the snout to the root of the tail about four feet. Ordinarily fed animals at the age of one year weigh from 150 to 100 pounds, but when well fattened the weight of a full-grown hog increases to from 500 to 600 pounds. They are not very prolific breeders, prod ucing seldom more than from seven to eight pigs in a litter, but they are very careful in treating their young, and therefore the) loss of pigs is but inconsiderable. The hardiness of this breed enables it to thrive even under unfavorable condi tions, and to winter in the open air without suffering. It takes to the pen, after pasturing in fields and forests is over, and fed with corn and other grain it produces a first-rate lnrd, which is not- surpassed in flavor and Ireeping quality by that made from any other breed. Orange Judd Farmer. LIVE STOCK POINTERS. Overfeeding causes balky horses. With the farm horse the walking gait is essential. 1 it ix v:ei 11 npiiib juur uulsc s temper by losing your own. Do not allow manure making mate rials to go to waste. A patch of rye sown in good season makes good winter pasturage. Profit depends as much on the cost of production as on the selling price. If allowed the privilege sheep wili al ways take all of the exercise they need. It is not a good plan to allow sheep to be exposed to a cold rain at this time. There ere few enterprise in which there is as small risk as in sheep rais- ing. - If early lambs are wanted, the breed ing should be done now as soon as pos sible. " ' It is a waste of feed with any class of stock to give more than they can di gest. . . - Upon the condition of the stables largely depends the health of the horses. A diet plentiful and healthy, but not excessive, modifies the size, form and temperament of animals Farmers Union. I ntolUgoneo la- the Pigpen. Breeding animals need the utmost care and attention that can be iriven them if .the -owners would realize the profit ttu-y expect; and thi care and attention must be confined to no one thing, especially to the neglect of all others, but be given heartily, regularly and without stint. Specially would we emphasize this in the ease of sows, ewes and cows. Mothering need cost but littler coddline- is uuiro,...- But the right kind of food at stated in-' tervals. properly adjusted and diver sified so as to give variety, and the kinds called for by the very necessities of her condition, are undoubtedly and imperatively called for. Bat to breed a sow and turn her "out to eat this or that, without first asking Is ft a fit food for her in her condition, is to par Icy with failure and Insure iL Much the same is true of cows and sheep, and. indeed, mares. First of all. de termine what is necessary, and then sea that it is done. This needs but little) labor. Failures enough will coma with care on the "best of regulated farms."