Republican farmer. [volume], March 01, 1918, Page 8, Image 8

About Republican farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1810-1920

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8
THE EABMER: MARCH 1, 1918
BUSINESS IS
A
C. BEDFORD, president of the Standard Oil Co., has the
commendable Standard Oil habit of occasionally talk-
ling to a Sunday. school. This super-business man said, yester
j cfay, that business is honest, that it is characterized by fair.
Undoubtedly business is as honest as any other depart
ment of human endeavor. The attacks on business which more
or less are made in every civilized country frequently concern
themselves with accusations that business is dishonest, but, in
- almost every case of ihis kind it will be discovered that the
actual attack, the thing that gives vitality to the protest, is bas
ed upon expediency.
Accusation of dishonesty would never tend to destroy the
existing industrial institution.
by clearing up bad practices.
But the accusation of inexpediency
utilitv of business is what makes it go.
is that which asserts insufficient utility. - "
This was the case with the railroads. In times prior to the
war there had been much dishonesty of management. But this
dishonesty is not the cause of public management and ap
- proaching public ownership.
The defect of dishonesty would have been almost auto
matically eliminated by the compulsions of war. The railroads
would have become honest, adequate to their work and that
would have settled matters. m v
Government ownership intervened because conditions in
herent in private control made it impossible for the railroads to
obtain their maximum efficiency. The railroads could not be
operated as a unity, could not do business to the best advantage,
by interchanging rolling stock and traffic.
The unity of one powerful and centralized control was
necessary to efficiency.
When the war opened there were two distinct forces in
operation, not to make business more honest, but to make it
more efficient. Trusts and combinations were attempting what
the provernment has attempted with the railroad, applying their
efforts to manv and varied lines
' industry, having passed through the trust period, were being
considered as fit objects for government ownership.
The compelling force in these tendencies was in each
case the desire to attain increased efficiency. The movement
was very similar to that observed where machinery is employ
ed. Larger and more efficient machines constantly replace
smaller and less efficient machines, ts when the crank case
of an automobile is stamped out in one or two operations, cr
a fender is formed in a few seconds with the aid of powerful
presses.
In the long run more efficient methods must supplant less
efficient. The law is as true in business organization, as it is
in the operation of machines.
WASHINGTON
F WASHINGTON could return he would be surprised to note
the extent to which the United States has departed from
the words of counsel delivered in his farewell address.
Nothing in the man made world would be quite as he left it.
Railroads, steam boats, telegraph, telephones, automobiles, fly
ing machines and submarines did not exist when Washington
was on earth.
It was further in his day from New York to Chicago than
it is in this day from New York to Hong Kong.
The world is knitted together by trade, by intercommunica
tion and by a common service of news as he never dreamed
that it could be.
In his day science had not arrived at the consciousness of
the part which the material world, the world of commodities
plays in the life of man. The effect of climate was little under
stood. The consciousness of trade rivalry was scarcely realized.
The modern German was years in the future. France had not
yet proved that she could ever be otherewise than Russia is
now.
Washington's advice to avoid European complications serv-
ted to tide the country over a period. But his advice did not run
after the sinking of the Lusitania, after Germany had proved
her purpose to permit no traffic of America upon the seas.
What Washington would have done had he lived in this day
and time must remain, forever
day and time in the experience
can know what he would do in
an environment so terrible and,
THE NEW
"T"C T ILL H. HAYS, new chairman of the Republican National
V Committee, is no beauty, if his newspaper pictures
. may be accepted as evidence,
artistic standpoint he makes a
King would have been. Mr. Hays says he will keep the door
of the party open. It is already
to vote against the government
pass all party men, too hide bound' to change their votes, and
evry voting element which is
German or other re'asons. Mr.
American as the next man. This fall he will lead to the ballot
box in spile of himself the most unpatriotic crowd that ever
voted for political candidates.
THE RAILROADS
THE AMERICAN people are fighting a war. They are un
der no necessity of deciding now whether the govern
meht will retain the railroads or keep them, That question will
be determined when the war is over and somebody starts to give
the railroads back.
The best guessing now is
oppose continued private ownership; the stockholders of the
roads, the shippers who use the railroads for the carriage of
goods, and the general public, which has been educated by
years of agitation for governmetn ownership.
Since the bridge need not
subject matter may be dismissed.
PACT WITH
THE ECONOMIC. agreement with Norway may serve to
keep that nation neutral. There is danger in dealing
with Norway, Sweden, Denmark
driven to an alliance with Germany if their food supplies from
outside are entirely cut off.
The reported terms of the
reasonable enough. Germany is to receive from Norway no
more than 48,000 tons of sea food. The materials received from
the Allies, are not to form any
fciany.
HONEST
X
They would make it stronger
is often fatal. The
The dangerous attack
of industry. Other lines of,
in doubt He did well in his own
of his own environment. Nobody
this day and time in I 'no. midst of
so new.
CHAIRMAN
but he looks smart. From the
less impressive figure than Mr.
open wide. Through thisxdoor,
and its policies, present! will
dissatisfied with the war for pro-
Hays is probably as good an
that three groups of people will
be crossed until it is reached, the
NORWAY
and Holland that they will be
Norway agreement seem to be
part of Norwegian export to Ger
CHRISTIANS
HMSTIAN CIVILIZATION alone can stop war." ' Chris
tianity has not stopped war,, to be sure. -But this is
no proof that it may not The operation of soma forces is im
p rceptibly slow, but finally sure.l The force that tears a rock
to pieces works for thousands of centuries before the result is
achieved. . Christianity contains a recipe sufficient to insure
the end of the war. Some day the truth may be sufficiently re
ceived and the goal reached.
Of the two groups, the one that declares war -can never
end, and the one that believes it may end, the latter are the most
likely to accomplish the result.
It is the man who says the steam engine can be contrived
who does it, not the one who asserts that steam engines are
impossible. ' .
THE DAY
MOSTLY MEN must see to believe. That is a higher type
of mind which can view an object or an institution
without its actual presence. The type is too uncommon.. The
half million people who saw the nearly 10,000 New York boys
marching in the storm of yesterday came away with emotions
of swelling pride that cannot be attained by those who did not
behold.
Secretary Baker took human nature into account, when he
provided for the public"review of 'American units. He did
wisely also in postponing parades of soldiers until training was
well established.
It is the training that makes the difference between a sol
dier and another. As no person becomes a skillful piano player
without practice, or a toolmaker or anything else that is worth
while, so the soldier does not become an expert soldier except
with the rigid discipline of military service.
America will be proud of her armies during many
to come. The soldiers of . the Republic will constitute
generation, an aristocracy of merit.
PLANT A
OOVER WANTS every man to plant a garden. He sug
gests raising potatoes and beans, which can b'.e grown
in every part of the United States. Some who tried to make
gardens last year failed. The more reason why they should
try again. Gardening requires experience. The more experi
ence the more success. Under no circumstances must any pre
caution be neglected which will increase the available food sup
ply in the days to come. No one knows how long the war will
last, nor how much food will be necessary to feed our Allies
and win the war. .
PUNISHMENT
AT FIRST thought it may seem that David A. Henkes is too
severely punished, by imprisonment for 25 years, fol
lowing his refusal to remain a
cause his parents were German
But Henkes, educated by the
rank of private to the rank of
ganda against his country.
In Germany he would be sent to a firing squad.'- Doubtless
a man cannot help being in intellect and sympathy What he is.
But no people can afford to have
war, those who are hostile to
Menkes, confronted by a situation, preferred the lives and
happiness of Germans to the
countrvmen. How his mind
strous form, is of little consequence.
IERICANS WORK
OF FRENCH PORT
UPPLiES
A Port in France. Feb. 25. (Corre- I
spondenco of The Associated Press.) j
A little more than six months have
wrought a mighty change in the base
at which, last June, the first division
of American troops landed to go into
training for their fight with the (Jet-
mans.
The docks have been and are being
enlarged, storage warehouses have
been are being built, the harbor has
been dredged out to accommodate
more and larger ships, and the rail
road facilities have been nearly dou
bled an dare being increased day by
day.
The enlargement of the port has
created a somewhat anomalous situa
tion. For whereas up to about the
end of last year troops landed more
regularly and quickly than supplies,
so that it was sometimes feared It
would be necessary to draw tempo
rarily on the French for their sup
port, the base is now in the position
of being able Co handle more tonnage
than is at present coming to it, either
in the form of supply or troop ships.
The capacity of the port would.
however, be almost reached with the
completion of the docks and store
houses now uracter construction, if it
were not for far reaching engineering
plans that are under way.
The American authorities early fore
saw that even comprehensive dbek en
largements would inevitably 'result in
congestion and confusion if some out
let were not arranged for the increas
ing supplies expected to arrive when
they are needed, and which even in
creased storage space could not be
exipectied to accommodate. The prob
lem resolved itself into one of trans
portation. Therefore, while the railroad tracks
at the port itself are vastly more nu
merous than they were six months
ago, the American engineers have
conceived a plan whereby a vast tract
of land three or four miles back of
the port has been taken over, and' is
being developed coincidently with the
port itself."
On either side of a huge basin into
which ships can if necessary be towed
and unloaded, dozens of parallel spur
tracks are being laid. They will serve
a dual purpose, for cars either can be
filled from barges and vessels brought
into the basins, or cars loaded at the
port itself can quickly and easily be
hauled to the spurs and there made
up into trains.
The, Americans already have taken
over on lease from the French certain
lines of railroad which will be fed
from the yards of the port and of its
complementary station in the rear.
They are increasing . constantly the
efficiency and eapacity of the port it-
AND AVARS
OF PRIDE
years
for a
GARDEN
FOR HENKES
captain in the U. S. army, be
born. ,
United States, raised from the
captajn, participated in a propa
t
in their midst in the time of
the nation.
lives and happiness of his own
became warped, into such mon
TRANSFORMATION
OR THE CARING
ERICAN ARMY
self by helping the French to econo-
mize In dock and transportation space.
The American plan which envisages
caring for vastly more volume than
the port would normally accommo
date, even with the enlargement nf
docks and store houses, is not original
with them but is more or less a copy
of what the English have dome at an
other port, where they have increased
the daily output of merchandise from
about 200 cars or less to more than
TOO. This they have been able to do
by laying out huge yards to the rear
of the actual port to avoid congestion
and to facilitate making up trains.
The steady development of the
American port has made it necessary
to rearrange the manner in which the
work is done. Last July a compara
tively small branch of the quarter
master's department was amply able
to superintend and manage the un
loading and distribution of supplies.
Today the work has grown so that it
has had to be entrusted to a railway
transportation department that is
growing incize every week and which
now merely turns over to the quar
termaster, as it does to the engineer
ing, the aviation and; all the other
departments, such material as belongs
to each.
To keep pace with the increasing
volume of supplies that arrive, a huge
force of workmen has been found
necessary. Two regiments of colored
soldiers, numbering 3,000 men and
most of them husky stevedores and
longshoremen from New York and
Southern ports in times of peace, now
do the bulk of the unloading from the
ships and the reloading of the trains.
A not inconsiderable force of Ger
man prisoners, with whom the ne
groes especially seem to enjoy fra
ternizing, are at work about the docks
from early morning until evening.
Every able male citizen of the port,
and many not so able-bodied, in addi
tion to all the women who care to
work, have found employment and of
course at wages that were hitherto
unknown. The city may be said to be
in the heyday of its prosperity.
The somewhat chaotic conditions
that naturally prevailed when thou
sands upon thousands of newcomers
flooded into the city from the boats in
late June have subsided. Those sta
tioned permanently in the part have
gradually settled down, in the few
hotels and in many private families,
and the men. who are not quartered
in the town, itself, live at the original
camp where General Sibert and his
first division stayed until it was time
to go to the training camp behind the
front.
The officers have estabhshied messes
for themsolvos at which they can
J avail themselves American food,
CONN. ASKED TO
SAVE 1,056 LIVES
IN BABIES' YEAR
Campaign to Prevent Deaths
of Infants to Start on His
toric Day, April 6.
EACH STATE LIABLE
FOR CERTAIN NUMBER
Celebration of Children's
Year Regarded As Patrio
tic Obligation.
Washington, Feb. 25 The Chil
dren's Bureau of the United States
Department of Labor announced to
day the number of lives each state is
asked to save in the campaign to save
100,000 babies and young children
during Children's Year beginning
April 6. Announcement of the pur
pose to wage such a campaign was
made some time ago by the Chil
dren's Bureau and the Child-Welfare
Department of the Woman's Commit
tee of the Council of National De
fense, and the response, which has
surpassed all expectations, indicates
that efforts to promote the health and
welfare of children are to be more
vigorous this year than ever before.
The saving of 100,000 lives of chil
dren under five is only one part of the
big program for the welfare of 30,
000,000 children under fifteen in the
country. It is realized by all con
cerned that the standards of child
protection must not be relaxed during
war time, and the United States is ex
pected to profit by the experience of
other warring countries, where ' the
importance of safeguarding childhood
is emphasized as never before.
The campaign to save 100,000 lives
of babies and young children in the.
Lnited States during the second year
of the war is to be inaugurated by a
national weighing and measuring test
beginning April 6, the anniversary of
the declaration of war by this coun
try. In announcing the quotas the
Children's Bureau said:
"In order that each state may feel
responsible for a definite number of
lives to be saved, quotas have been
assigned to the various states, the ap
portionment being made on the basis
of the population' under five according
to the 1910 census. This, of course,
cannot take account of the varying
death rates in the different states
where death rates .ire known.
"In abput half the states of the
country, comprising nearly one-third
the population, the registration of
deaths was not sufficiently . complete
to warrant their inclusion in the reg
istration area .when the latest reports
were published. .The registration of
births is seriously deficient in a still
larger number of states. For that
reafton the apportionment of quotas
of infant lives to be saved could not
be made upon the basis of the infant
mortality rate, which is based on the
numcer or aeatns under one year
and the number of recorded births.
Thus the only basis for the assign
ment of quotas uniformly applicable
to all the states is the population as
shown by the Federal census. As
the effort for the hundred thousand
lives applies to the specially hazard
ous period of life under five years of
age, the quotas are calculated upon
the basis of the population under
five.
"In making the apportionment on
this basis it was realized that a high
mark is thus set for states in which
the death rate among young children
' is already low. On the other hand,
the mark set may be low for some
states where 'the child death rate Is
excessively high. It does not appear
to be possible to avoid some situations
of this kind by any method of ap
portionment that could be devise!
with the data now at hand. If. the
registration of births and deaths were
complete in all the states, an appor
tionment that could be devised with
the data now at hand. If the regis
tration of births and deaths were
complete in all the states, an appor
tionment of quotas of the 100,000 lives
to be saved by the various states
could be made upon a different ba
sis." Plans for the celebration of Chil
dren's Year, of which the saving of
100,000 lives is one feature, are being
developed by the Children's Bureau
in co-operation with the Child-Welfare
Department of the Woman's
Committee of the Council of National
Defense. The safeguarding and pro
tection of children is looked upon as
a patriotic duty in view of the un
avoidable wastage of human life in
cident to war. It is expected that
the 5,000 or more local committees
of the Child-Welfare Department of
the Women's Committee will be able
to carry the campaign to every, com
munity in the United States. This
is looked upon as essential to the
success of the movement, for in the
last analysis, every community must
save its own babies if they are to be
saved at all. State and Federal
agencies, either official or voluntary,
can make plans and offer suggestions
but each community must bear its
full share of responsibility in making
the campaign a success.
The quota assigned to Connecticut
is 1,056.
THRIFT STAMPS
BUILD CHARACTER
Los Angeles, NCai., Feb. 23. To fight
like superhumans and to achieve the
seemingly impossible are requisites for
Americans in winning the war, Frank
A. Vanderlip, president of the Na
tional City bank of New York and
head of the government's war certifi
cate and thrift stamp campaign,, de
clared in a statement published here
today.
Purchase of thrift stamps will not
lessen the buying capacity of individ
uals, Mr. Vanderlip said, but by build
ing character will teach how to spend
wisely.
REV. JOS. MUNSON DEAD.
New Haven. Feb. 23 The Rev
Joseph O. Munson, 78, a graduate oj
Weslevan and once a Methodist
Episcopal pastor here, died today. One
of two sons is Ralph I. Munson, sec- I
tetary of the Bridgeport Gas Ce.
MOST TREBLE THE SALARIES OF
OUR SCHOOL TEACHERS TO STOP
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM BREAKDOWN
Lack of Sufficient Qualified Teachers a Growing Evil
Which Must Be Faced, Says Assistant Secretary Mor
rison of State Board of Education Cause Is Break
down of Wornout and Obsolete Social and Political
Machinery.
(Address by H. C. Morrison. Asst. Sec
retary of State Board of Education.)
I am asked by your committee' of
arrangements to attemt to answer
the question which nrobablv more
than any other haunts the waking !
hours - of the superintendent of
schools. That question with some of
you is:' "Where in the world can I
find efficient teachers?" With others,
it has come to be: "Where can I find
somebody who will keep school?"
The question is an old one, but it is
taking on a new aspect. Ten years
ago, in the remoter and more sparsely
settled regions of New England,
schools remained closed for weeks at
a time because nobody could be found
to teach. This winter I have known
of schools in sections of Connecticut,
far from remote and thinly populated,
which have had to wait until teach
ers could be found. For a long time,
the rural superintendents has suffer
ed while his brother in the city has
somewhat complacently called his
teachers away. Today, the city su
perintendent is losing out in competi
tion with still larger cities, with com
mercial and. industrial enterprises and
with war work. The public is likely
soon to find its children unschooled
because there are no teachers, skilled
or unskilled, trained or untrained,
competent or incompetent who can be
found to keep the schoolrooms open.
"But," you say, "this is simply a
war condition which will pass with
the war." "There is everywhere a
shortage of labor, and this is merely
a part of the general shortage." "We
must face the situation and find ex
pedients to tide us over this period of
extraordinary stress."
Expedients we must undoubtedly
find, if expedients there are, but it
will be a sad failure if we as a people
(I don't mean, you and I as school
men but all the people of this state
and the other states) prove unable
to see the real situation and faccthe
issue.
The truth is, as I shall abundantly
show, and as you schoolmen doubt
less realize, this present shortage is
simply one of the many breakdowns
which the unusual stress of warfare
has brought about in social and po
litical machinery which was worn out
and obsolete before the war and
which ultimately would have col
lapsed anyway. The war merely
hastened the inevitable. .
The man-fashion answer to the
question is "Pay adequate salaries
and scrap your obsolete machinery.'
Higher Salaries Required.
For a- long time, everybody has
recognized that teachers ought to be
paid more than they are paid, and
salaries have been increased. Boards
of education have timidly formulated
schedules which they thought - the
appropriating bodies might stand, the
appropriations have been passed here
and there, but in the end a 10 per
cent, or 20 per cent, increase has
been forthcoming. That is all over.
We must make up our minds, not to
10 per cent, nor 20, nor 50 per cent,
but to two or three times the salary
scale we are now paying. And then
we must exact as we shall be able to
exact proper qualifications for per
sons who assume to teach the chil
dren of the state.
Let us see what has been happen
ing. In 1855, 56 per cent, of the teach
ers of the state were men. In 10
years this had fallen to 30 per cent.;
in 20 years more to 19 per cent; in
another 20 to 8 per cent "
At the present time, the percentage
of men teachers in Connecticut is
less than 7 per cent.,, and most of
these men are in administrative posi
tions. And such is the history of
most of the states. None like it ex
ists anywhere among the great powers
of Western Europ.
Now, the significant thing is, not
that men gave place to women, but
that women replaced men because
they could and would work cheaper.
As.soon as you once employ a woman
because she is less expensive than a
man, you inevitably begin to employ
younger and inferior women because
they will drive out, in competition for
a place which has substantially no
qualification bars, more mature and
superior women.
By the beginning of the present
century, we had reached a stage
where, outside of a few of the larger
cities, practically all the, teachers
were young girls, inexperienced and
with no permanent interest in teach
ing. Today the sudden great increase
in the number of well-paid positions
in other women's professions, and in
commerce and the industries. has
ushered in a. period in which it is
difficult to secure anybody to teach
at the salaries paid.
In other words, we have reached
the dropping-off place. Sooner or
later we should have reached it any
way. Salaries Compared.
Let us compare women teachers'
salaries in the state of Connecticut
with salaries paid to other women
workers. Men teachers don't count
especially at $9 or $10 per week.
Using the last figures obtainable,
those for the last school year, I find
that the range of teachers' salaries
in the state is from $35 a month to
$79 a month. Averages for towns and
cities are used.
course there were
individual salaries less than $25 and
greater than $79. The most common
salary was $53 per month and the
bulk of the towns and cities were
paying less than $58 per month. So
the typical teacher was receiving last
year an annual income of rather less
than $500.
Miss Charlotte Holloway of the
Bureau of Labor has very kindly fur
nished me with information regarding
present salaries of women, "who," as
Miss Holloway states, "some years ago
would undoubtedly have been in the
teaching ranks."
Yearly income
Stenographers $ 00to$l,250
Bookkeepers .... 600 to 1,250
I Clerks
in department
stores 400 to 1,000
Trained nurses (with
board and lodging) 1,250 to 1,500
Forewomen in fac
tories 900 to 1.250
Superintendents, matron .
superintendents, and
nurses 1,000 to 1,750
Dressmakers and mil
liners 600 to
900
Heads of departments -f,250 to
2,750
In the past year or two teachers
have applied in large numbers for
employment in the insurance offices at
Hartford and New Haven."
"I have found in laundries many
High school graduates and one or two
normal graduates who were working
as supervisors and receiving $16 and
$18 a week" $S00 to $900 a year.
The teacher receives from $300 to
$700 per year in the elementary
schools, but very few the latter.
As young women say to the normal
school principals, "Why should I go
to normal school for two years when
the most I can reasonably expect to
earn as a teacher is $15 a week for
36 to 40 weeks, and I can get that
now." As a matter of principle, peo
ple who are content with low pay
and no future are not the kind of peo
ple', as a rule, who ought to be al
lowed to become teachers.
We cannot get priceless service for
$500 a year. No amount of clever
scheming will enable us to. It Is un- i
worthy and hypocritical to expect to.
Permanency In Teaching.
Nor is it enough to put an end to
the shortage of teachers." We must
also build up a vastly more perma
nent force. The young woman, or
young man, who begins to teach as"
soon as high school or college days
are over seldom expects to be a
teacher long. Circumstances , . may
disappoint expectations and keep her
or him in the schoolroom. But in
general nobody ought to teach who
docs not expect to make a life work
of teaching. Good teaching brooks no
other interests or ambitions, least of
all a lover and prospective home
making. Teaching life' is very short In
five years from graduation, the per
centase of graduates of our normal
schools who are still teaching falls to
less than 65 ner cent In 10 years it
has fallen to 35 per cent and con
tinues as about that level for 10 years
more. Twenty-five years after gradu
ation, there is left a dwindling 5 per
cent or less.
Now, the only answer to trie per
manency question is men ; teachers.
Young women will remain in the
schoolroom for a longer or shorter
period, but in most cases will event
ually marry, as they should. If men
can be induced to teach, marriage
does not put an end to the teaching.
It is hard to seey bow men could
effectively be employed in the first
four grades, but beyond that we need
them in increasing numbers for the
sake Of the boys of the school as
well as for the sake of permanency
in the profession. After the sixth
grade the boys ought to be chiefly
under the charge of men teachers.
DROP KRYLENKO,
NAME DICTATOR
FOR RUSS ARMY
London, Feb. 25 Gen. Brnjevftch
has been appointed successor to En
sign Krylenko as commander-in-chief
of the Russian armies, according to a
Berlin dispatch. Gen. Brujevitch,
according to the message, has been
proclaimed dictator and has ordered
the Russian troops to fight to the
last Brujevitch was formerly chief
of staff to Ensign Krylenko.
RESIDENTS SUPPLY
GERMAN MINISTER
Mexico City, Feb. 25 Germans in
Mexica, especially at the sapital, are
supplying H. Von Eckardt the Ger
man minister here, with the sinews of
war for the , extensive propaganda
campaign that is being carried on by
the legation, both through newspa
pers and private agents. There has
been much speculation as to what
means the German minister used to
secure funds to maintain the larage
legation, his sumptuous home and the
Teutonic propaganda since'-he was cut
off from the fatherland, but it is now
learned that German banks, business
houses and individuals are buying his
notes on the Imperial government.
The claim has been advanced re
.peatedly that Von Eckardt deprived
of the use of neutral diplomatic
wires in communicating with his gov
ernment was keeping in touch with
the Berlin foreign otfice through let
ters carried on Spanish ships to the
gulf of Biscay, whence they were sent
by submarine to Berlin. It was stated
that he was being supplied with funds
via this route, but the enormous sums
being Eent. by the legation seemed to
make tills claim untenable. Desoito
denial by the Spanish line involved, it
is believed here, that von Eckardr'-"
I lfitteM fcru beine carded on l saras.
that messages from "ie legation, sr-.t
in piain envelopes to reliable ad
dresses in Spain, ultimately find their
way to Berlin by way of Switzerland
or some other route.
BANDITS KILL AMERICAN".
Washington, Feb. 25 One Ameri
can was killed' and two were wounded
in an attack by Mexican bandits on
an oil boat at Tampico on Saturday.
Officials regard the incident as a case
. i . . I. ,l.nn in 111 t ll 11 r5St ff
or roooery iwwici n-m. ,
anti-American feeling. The boat at
tacked was carrying money. So far as
known the bandits were not connected
with anv of the military forces. The
I government has called the incident
I to the attention of the Mexican gov
I ernment