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WILLIAM J. BROWN, Editor.
AUSTIN II. BROWN, Publisher. 5
WEEK LIT.
' JSE3IMVEEKLV,.
OVEEKLV,..
$1 00
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VOL. X.
INDIANAPOLIS, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1850.
IsT0. 14,
INDIANA STATE SENTINEL;
A GAZETTE OF THE PEOPLE,
ET-OOiee in THE SENTIXIIL BUILDINGSci
Sörth Side Washington, mar 3Ieridian St. .
AUSTIN H. BROWN, PUBLISHER.
THE SE7IMVEEKLY . KDITIO
Is published every Wednesday and Saturday and Daily
dtzring th'3 session of the Legislature, at
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the .weekly i;dxtio.
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quent insertion. AUSTIN II. BROWN,
JNO. D. DEFREES.
INDIANAPOLIS, AUGUST 31, IS50.
Appointment by the Governor.
Robert Suttox, of Washington City, Steno
grapher to the Constitutional Convention.
D. W. Miller, of New Albany, Warden of the
State Prison, vies Lemuel Ford, deceased.
Term Reduced.
We have received within the last few days several
letters from the Northern and other parts of the State,
stating that if we would place the terms of the Sen
tinel for clubs, at the same rate of the Indiana Jour
nal, many subscribers could be obtained. We are
induced to go into this arrangement, although we
consider it hardly doing the fair tiling by the local
press, whose terms are mostly two dollars. A large
subscription will justify a reduction to the terms ol
the Journal, and we hope our friends will not disap
point us.
We now agree to furniih clubs, where ten subscri
bers are obtained, at one dollar per year for our
weekly paper, and the eleventh copy gratis to any
one who will procure the ten subscribers and forward
us ten dollars in advance.
We hope all our exchanges will copy this notice
as well as our prospectus, which will be found in our
next paper. We are determined not to be outdone
in our efforts to give the public the cheapest and best
paper in the State.
Our friends who have Avritten to us may now, on
the receipt of this number, go to work in getting up
their clubs, should we fail to write to them; and as
we have come into the arrangement of furnishing
clubs at a dollar a year, at the eleventh hour, we
hope our friends will make up in activity wliat we
may have lost by not coming into it sooner. Remem
ber the next year will embrace tlie Convention and
one session of the Legislature, and the paper we in
tend to print will be cheap. It will not contain a
mere summary of the proceedings of the Convention
and Legislature, culled from other papers of the
place; but we intend to have our own experienced
reporters on the ground, who will enable us to give
our reports fresh from the mint. The editor will be
here during the Convention, as we think Congress
will have adjourned before that time. He will not
be encumbered with an office, the duties of which
are entirely disconnected with politics and should
by all means be kept separate; but he will have his
whole lime to devote to the paper.
We trust our exchanges will not disappoint us in
giving tliis notice an insertion. We have to incur
large expenses here, partly for the benefit of the
local press, in giving legislative reports.
Mechanics Mutual Protection.
This Society or Association is increasing in num
bers in this city. An adJress, of much ability, was
delivered on Wednesday evening last before a large
Audience of ladies and gentlemen, by Jacob P. Chap
man, Esq., in the course of which he defended the
necessity and utility of associations of this charac
ter, in Democratic countries.
07"The following article of the Journal of yester
day may be relied on as in the main correct. The
central portions of the city are still comparatively
healthy;
"Health or the City. At a distance, the num
ber of deaths which have occurred in this city, of chole
ra is greatly exaggerated. Deaths, from that cause,
have not averaged one a day since it first appeared.
There has been, and still is, a pood deal of sickness.
Flax is the prevailing disease. This is now disappear
ing, and wc have not heard of any case of Cholera with
in the last twenty-four hours."
fj3r-The National Intelligencer of the 21st inst.,
containing Mr. Thompson's letter to Senators Whit
comb and Bright, sustaining their course in the Sen
ate of the United State, on the slavery question, has
been four clays in this city, and the editor of the
Journal receives it regularly. lie did not notice
Mr. Thompson' letter cn yesterday or Wednesday
What is" the matter? Dick Thompson's efTujions
were not formerly passed by in this manner.
fjrThe Indiana Slate Journal, the most inconsk
tent paper in the United States, is charging Demo
crats with inconsistency! "A regard for whig pi in-
ciplcj forbids the nomination of General Tajlor."
Hon Jesse D. Bright.
We still intend to adhere to our previously ex
pressed declaration that, in the coming election for
United States Senator, we will take no part in any
contest, among our friends, until a regular nomina
tion shall be made. Then, as in all other cases, we
shall urge the election of the nominee. But in jus
tice to the friends of our indefatigable Senator, we
cheerfully publish the following high compliment
from the Pennsylvanian a compliment which wc
think his course in the Senate fully merits:
Hon. Jesse D. Britht. We think ii is now certain
that the election for members of the Legislature in In
diana, as well os for delegates to the convention to
amend the constitution of that State, has resulted in se
curing triumphant majorities for the democracy. The
legislature will be called upon to elect a United States
Senator for six years, from the 4tU of March next ensu
ing the term of Mr. Bright, one of the present sena
tors, expi'-ing on that day. Ve believe we reflect the
wish of every sincere democrat, North, West and South,
when we assert that the re-election of that bold and
fearless democrat would best secure the interests of the
democratic party of Indiana, and would be hailed with
joy all over the Union. No man in Congress has made
more friends, or has exercised a stronger or a wider in
fluence. Though still quite a young man, he has already
taken his stand among the sratesmen of the country.
Sympathizing with all bis soul with the progressive
spirit of the age, and full of generous and patriotic im
pulses, ho has also the prudence and sagacity which are
necessary to constitute a successful senator. He has no
feeling in common with any sectional or one-idea party,
hut adheres resolutely to the platform and the principles
to the measures and the men of the national democ
racy In the Senate he has never faltered, but has met
every crisis with a calm and unshaken faith in that creed
which is so sure to outlive the assaults of its foes, and so,
necessary to the salvation of the Union itself from the
machinations of reckless agitators. Indiana has good
reason to be proud of her noble son; and we sincerely
hope she will not allow him to retire after his present
term iu the Senate of the United States.
fjThe New York Journal of Commerce, the or
gan of the great commercial interest of that city,
and a supporter of General Taylor at the last Presi
dential election, contains the following article, from
the pen of its editor, in relation to the recent elec
tions in this State. We omit so much of it as recom
mends the re-election of Mr. Bright:
Indiana. The Indiana Sentinel gives complete re
turns of members of the new Legislature, as follows:'
SENATE. P. W.
Senators holding over 21 12
Senators elected this year 12 5
33 17
17
Dem. majority
HOUSE or
Democrats elected
...16
REPRESENTATIVES.
Gl
, 36
Wl
llgS
Democratic majority
.2s?
Dem. majority on joint ballot thus far, forty-four.'
This is a larger democratic majority than has occur
red before for many years.
The Convention for revising the Constitution is also
Democratic by thirty-nine majority, with one member to
be heard from.
Here is a distinct endorsement of the course of Mr.
Bright in the U. S. Senate, as his term of service expires
on the 4th of March next, and it devolves upon this Leg
islature to designate his successor. Mr. Bright, our own
Senator Dickinson, and Mr. Cass, arc among the few
Northern men who have borne aloft tho standard of the
Union and Anti-humbug, amidst adverse influences
which would have shaken the constancy of most other
men. The country owes them a large debt of gratitude,
and will vet repav it, we trust.
New York will follow the same lead next November.
That is to say, the Whigs will distinctly abandon Sew
ardism, and elect Conservatives, like the present nation
al Administration, or the people will Abandon them.
For ourselves, as between an Abolition, Free Soil, Wil
mot Proviso, Seward Whig party, and a Conservative,
Anti-Proviso, Anti-humbug Democratic party, disposed
and determined to spare no reasonable ellbrt to restore
peace to the country, we stand ready to throw the full
measure of our influence, be it an ounce or a ton, in favor
of the latter. And we pledge one half of tho Whig
party in this city to the same issue. On the other hand,
if the Democrats slipuld give us Free Soil, Wilmot Pro
viso, Altolition, Agitation candidates, and the Whigs
Conservative candidates, friends of the Union, and of the
measures necessary to preserve it wo will go the whole
figure for the latter, and pledge one half of the Demo
cratic party of this city to be with us. Not that we ex
nect to exert any great influence over Wl igs or Demo
crats but because we lclicvc and know that, in the crisis
iow pending, when the Union is in danger, the claims of
p- rty over a vast IhhIv of our fellow-citizens arc not so
strong s those of patriotism. What arc Tarifls, Banks,
or Sub-Treasuries, in comparison with the Union of these
States? The former -can lie made or unmade in a day ;
the latter was the work of years, we may say of centu
ries, if we take into view the long period of preparation ;
and, if dissolved, its re-constrnction may he for ever im
possible. When the Ten Tribes of Israel separate!
from Judah, vas it for a few years only, or for agest
Yea, until both fractions of the Union were trampled
under foot by the haughty Romans. Where are those
fractions now? Scattered to the four winds of heaven.
What was the cause of the dissolution of that Union?
Just what will be the cause of the dissolution of the
American Union, if it should be dissolved, viz.; section
al diirerenccs, of no importance in themselves, and jeal
ousies. And yet there are men who ar6 wicked enough
deliberately to promote these jealousies, and widen these
differences. Whoever they nre by whatever name call
ed whatever their professions may be we look upon
all such persons ns enemies of their country and of the
human race. Especially at such a time ns this, no lan
guage can express the full measure of their baseness.
The recent operations in slave stealing at Washington
and Maryland ; the raising of money by an Abolition
Convention to indemnify one of tho theives, for his mis
fortune in getting caught, and the applause which they
bestow opon him for his thievery, show clearly what tbey
are driving at. They are not all honest enough, like
Garrison, to avow themselves openly in favor of dissolu
tion; but we may learn their wishes from their acts.
Judge Cashing.
The Washington correspondent of the Louisville
Courier slates that Judge Cushing, of Indiana, has
been invited, by Corwin, to fill the important and
responsible trust of Assistant Secretary of the Trea
sury. We don't think much of either Corwin or his
Assistant, so far as managing the public finances i3
concerned.
The same correspondent says : I think there i3
but little doubt but what after all a number of nomi
nations, still pending before the Senate, will yet be
withdrawn by the President, and persons nominated
in their stead who will be more beneficial to the pub
lic service, and acceptable to the community at
large." "
Go it, ye cripples.
07"We regret to learn, that Gov. Wright has re
ceived a telegraphic despatch from Jeffersonville,
announcing the death of Col. Ford, the Warden of
the Penitentiary, and his lady. They died on Wed
nesday last of cholera. Col. Ford was a brave offi
cer in the war with Mexico and the war of 1812
with Great Britain.
The Governor has pardoned Merrill Young, sen
tenced to the Slate Prison from this place the citi
zens having united in a strong petition for that pur
pose. . :
Elwood Fisher, the Quaker.
There is a strange combination of men, in this
country, bent on the dissolution of this Union, and
the more we think of them the more we are inclined
to wish that General Jackson might again be per
mitted lo visit the earth and resume the station of
President of this Republic, with the vigor he pos
sessed in the days of the Proclamation and the veto
of the United States' Bank. Elwood Fisher and his
Northern allies would soon be put down by the force
of public opinion, and the Union saved from the dis
tracting elements of abolition and disunion. Jack
son and Clay would be found acting together to save
the Union. But hear Friend Elwood, who seems
alarmed at the prospect of a settlement of the ques
tiun, when his occupation would be gone. Hear him
ye disciples of George Fox ye men of peace and
see him flourishing the sword of war:
"There is no example in this country of so many and
such large meetings, held in some States in almost eve
ry county, without distinction of party, in contempt of
organs, as have now been held in Georgia, Alubama,
Florida, Mississippi, and Texas. South Carolina has
held fewer, because her people are united and decided,
and with them the time for argument has passed. Thcso
States have all sustained the positions of the Nashville
Convention. We have the most unquestionable evi
dence that Arkansas is now doing the same thiug. And
Tennessee, notwithstanding the vacillation ol two or
three politicians, had the largest delegation in that Con
vention, and they were unanimous.
Here are eight States that we look upon as already
decided. North Carolina has just elected a Governor
on the same platform. The rural part of Louisiana, wo
have no doubt, is also of the same mind.
But leaving out of view all States that are the least
doubtful, there arc six who have spoken in terms that
are as emphatic, and in numbers as unanimous, as ever
people spoke. There never was, before any revolution,
more signal and general symptoms of commotion.
"The sky is changed
Fur along
From peak to pejk, the rattling crogs among
Leaps the live thunder! Not from one lone cIjuJ,
But every mountain now hath found a tongue,
And Georgia miswcrs from her gathering crowd,
Back to the Bio Grande that speaks to her aloud."
These States combine as many elements of strength as
are to le found in any ither people of the same numbers.
They hae half a million of men, one half of whom
owns, each his own horse, and his own rifle, and knows
how to mairige them. They control tho navigation of
the Mississippi. Thev can cut fl" the communication
with Oregon and California. They projucc tho cotton
that sustains our foreign trade and clothes the world.
Let a collision arise between them and the Northern
States, and the spindles of Massachusetts become silent,
tho grass grows in the streets of New York, and the
grain of the Northwest rots in her granaries.
And arc these, the States on whom spoliation and
outrage can bo perpetrated with impunity? We can
tell Presidential intriguants and Cabiuet expectants,
and jobbing organs, that their power over this question
has departed. It is beyond even tho formality of a ma
jority vote in Senate or Honso. Ami since it has be
come so much the fashion for power" to wave the sword
we can tell those who are fond of that kind of adjust
ment, that the liberties of these States were won bv the
sword nnd if necessary, by the sword they will be
maintained."
07" During the agitation of the slavery question
in Congress, the State Sentinel has been governed by
what has been conceived to be a high and holy duty,
in defending the men of both parties in Congress,
who have been active in their endeavors to settle the
whole 'question. We have said more about promi
nent whigs who have taken an active part, than we
otherwise would, because our neighbor of the Jour
nal, at the outlet, took ground against the whole
matter, and was conlent with nothing but the admis
sion of California and non-action with regard to every
thing cl.;e. That paper, though still wishing to be
considered as a defender ol any tiling the President
docs, yet has not the nerve to come out manfully in
the present cri As, for fear of offending some of its abo
lition patrons. We are rejoiced that other papers,
who defended non-action, are waking up to a sense
of their duty, and we have some hopes that our sleepy
neighbor may be aroused ; or, if he is afraid to speak
out, that some whig will feel it to be his duty to re
spond to the following sentiment s of a corrcsjiondent
of the Cincinnati Gazette, the oldest whig paper in
Ohio, and which are fully endorsed by the editors of
that paper. The writer alluded to says : .
There may be here and there in Congress a man whose
nerves arc not strong enough to execute what his con
science approves; but the great body of northern men are
made of sterner stuff. Such craven, cowardly spirits,thcsc
marplots and mischief makers may inveigle, with false
pretences, r coerce by threats; but for the most part
thy will be laughed to scorn as they deserve to be.
These fanatics i' the North, and their allies, the Southern
agitators, have too long held a malign influence over
Congress, and directed its legislation lor evil. And if
tue conservative, inteflegeut men ol tho nation do not
determine to trample down and crush them, it is time
to despair ot the KepuU c. Io question of expediency
should prevent this, ant no fear of loss to this or that
party should be weighed for an instant. For one. I had
booiier see the whig party disbanded forever, than that it
should yield one inch to nl litionists or disuuionists.
If wc cannot have a National party, based on National
objects, and designed to promote National prosjerity,
a party in winch no sectionalism shall be tolerated, in
God's name let us have no party at all. And this, my
firm conviction is, will son lo if it is not already tho
prevailing sentiment among moderate men of both par
ties in all sections.
What a curious, I had almost sa'd disgraceful, spec
tacle is prescntetl to us by the present posture of affairs
in Congress. While southern whigs and southern demo
crats have, in a spirit of manliness it may prove self
saentice, which cannot bo too earnestly applauded,
come forward, in the face of an angry and vicious oppo
sition among their constituents, to aid in tho admission
of California; while men of their stamp have bade defi
ance to disunionists, nnd inculcate, by voice and action,
f'eaco and harmony ami conciliation Northern men,
icedless of every tiling, are stubbornly pressing meas
ures, whic h, if successful, must prove til ur destruction.
Again, while these men are striving by all means in
their power, with the aid of the conservative men of the
North, to quiet this fearful agitation we find those most
clamorous for tho admission of California "ftirthtriih," in
happy union with southern demagogues, who ory out for
secessijii and resistance in the event of her admission,
slrainiiig every nervo to defeat tho boundary bill,, nnd
thns. indirectly to defeat California. Let the country
ponder these things and apply the remedy.
The bill fr tho reclamation of fugitive slaves has been
under discussion in the Senate all of this week. From
the voles which have been taken upon propositions of
that character, it is highly improbable that tho right of
habeas corpus or trial by jury will be granted the fugi
tive when arrested. Certainly the indications are that
a bill with fuch provisions cannot in any contingency
pass tho Senate. A very important amendment moved
by Mr. Tratt, of Maryland, which was in ctlbtt to make
the Uiiitdl States liable for the value of slaves whenever
the commissioners provided for in the bill, should rcfuso
to deliver them up, proof of property having lcen satis
factorily made, was debated yesterday and to-day, and
finally lost by a vote of twenty-scven In tha nllirmative
to ten in the negative. The amendment of Judge Ur
derwood as a Substitute for the bill, which guarantees
trial by jury in the State whence tho fugitive escaped,
whenever he shall declare before the commissioners at
the time of his arrest, that he is a freeman, on! which
eompels tho claimant to give security in one thousand
dollars that tho fugitive shall be toten before 'fsome
court of competent jurisdiction," at the first term after
his return to tho State, to try that issue, is now pending.
From a cursory examination of the proposed substitute,
I should think it Would secure signal and exact justice
to all parties, and shouhl meet with general approval.
The probability cf its passage is another question. '
07" In default of the Indiana Journal doing its
duty to its party friends, we copy the following ex
tract from the" Washington correspondent of the
Louisville Courier, that ' our whig friends may see
how the land lies at Washington, fie says :
"There is no disguising the fact that the most un
principled struggle is being made by the Jacobins of the
South and the abolitionists of the North, to unite all fac
tions in the House of every Lue and shade in a combma-;
tion to defeat all the bills that the Senate have passed,
and if the croaxing and duplicity of the Union would se
cure that cnd.it would be accomplished. It is equally
true, that there are members who are favorable to all
the different measures who are by no mean. confirmed
in the belief that they will succeed. But I will not
doubt the patriotism of the majority in tht House so far,
as to believe iu advance that so great a calamity is to
befall the nation as the defeat of the bills in question.
They will each in their turn have to pass the ordeal of a
desperate conflict waged by factioiiists to whose hearts
love of country is a stranger; Hid to undergo the assaults
of men who are governed by but one motive either to
ruU or ruin. Yet each bill w'ill le enabled to stand the
shock, and by its success to overwhelm the adversaries
of the Union with discomfiture and dismay. My word
for it, the next two years will witness the political burial
of more public men than was ever chronicled before, in
the same period during the cxistenco of the Government.
It seems to be conceded on all hands, that this admin
istration is to be most thoroughly whig. Already a
weeding out among improvident appointments made
by imposing upon the generosity and good-hcarteilness
of General Taylor, has commenced. Yesterday the
Marshal of the Western District of Pennsylvania was
removed, for objections of a personal nature that were
made and sustained against him, and his brother, I think,
nominated in his place. Mr. Brown, the Register of
tho Land Office at Green Bay, was also displaced for
cause, and one in whom the administration could confide
as a diligent public officer w as substituted for him. The
new Secretary of War gave tho Chief Clerk of his De
partment leave of absence for the remainder of this ad
ministrative term the Galphin odor that surrounded him
being more than the whigs were willing to encounter.
Mr. Delavan, the Commercial Agent at St. Thomas,
has been recalled, and Mr. Morris, a gentleman of
standing, fitness for the place, and capacity, from Penn
sylvania, will fill tho vacancy. Other changes will be
made, even among our political friends, which consider
ations of public policy imperiously demand. Nor will
this renovating process be confined to one side of the
house alone. " Tlure1 a coori time ctmiing" for many a
Locof.vo, now comfortably quartered upon the public
crib, r.itd whose pastimes are made wp in assailing the
admfLU'ration, and plotting for its defeat in 152. They
will only have to "vait a Hille Vinter" before being relieved
of their official responsibilities, nnd freed from those em
barrassments which will enable them to do openly against
the administration what tlioy are now loing secretly.
and with fear and trembling. The Christian piece u of
returning good for evil, is lost npon a Loeofoeo; and the
only way to lay a foundation for success in the future, is
to provide for the friends cf the administration, as our
opponents always provide for theirs.
Mr. Clay will return here in a few days, with invigo
rated health and spirits, and prepared "to stand !y tho
country until something has been achieved towards re
storing its peace and prosperity. Tho House is anxious
to adjourn in September, but the consent of the Senate
never can bo obtained until their bills are first success
fully acted upon.
Hon. Richard W. Thompson.
A friend at Washington has sent us the National
Intelligencer of the 21st instant, containing a long
letter from the Hon. Richard W. Thompson of this
Sta.te, to Senators Whitcomb and Bright, in favor of
a settlement of the slavery question and sustaining
their course in the Senate, lie says:
"In the midst of contumely and reproach, and denun
ciation fro.S Northern men, yon iiuve had the courage to
take your stand in the Senate in favor of compromise;
and it affords me pleasuro to express, in this form, my
approbation of your course."
The Indiana Journal, we suppose, will publish the
letter as a matter of course, in justice to the whig
party and to the prominent position Mr. Thompson
occupies in that party in this State.
Hamilton and Ilushville Junction Railroad.
In our last paper we noticed that Ca leb B. Smith,
Esq., had been appointed the President of this road
and that there was a prospect of a speedy com
mencement. A writer, in the Cincinnati papers, ur
ging the claims of this road says :
"Your connection with St. Louis should be made by
a road passing through the centre of Indiana. This you
can effect very soon and at a small expense. Your road
to Hamilton will soon be completed, a road from that
point via Oxfotd, Connersville and Bushville to Indian
apolis, takes yon to the centre u'i the State. In two
wcks from this date Aug. 17, cars will run from Rush
vilie to Indianapolis. The only link then wauting in the
chain is from Ilushville to Hamilton. To supply this
link we have a charter to make tho Junction Railroad,
and the right of way has been given t& our county by
the Ohio Legislature. TLe route has lcen recently sur
veyed by Mr. Moure, one of the best Engineers in the
West and is found to bo very favorable. A first class
with a T rail, 60 lbs. to the yard, can be made for about
15,000 per mile, making the aggregate cost a fraction
over $00,000. Our pcotde are ready to take hold of
tue work ami put nail ot it unuer contract this lau u we
can get a reasonable amount of assistance from vour
city. If this road shall bo made, cars will run drcct
from Cincinnati to Indianapolis. Roads arc now in pro
gress from Terro Haute. Lafayette and Peru, three
prominent points on tho Wabash river, to Indianapolis,
and all of them will be completed in two years. - If the
Junction road shall be made, tho whole trade which will
be brought to Indianapolis on these three roads will be
carried direct to Cincinnati. Your city will thus drain
the trade of the wholo centre of the State and that of
-the Wabash valley. But in addition to this, the road
from St. Louis, eastward, will be mads to Tcrrc Haute,
crossing the Wabash at that point, and you will then
have a direct railroad communication with St. Louis.
All these advantages will be secured to your city by tho
construction of tho Junction road, and surely n road has
been projected by which it can secure such immenso ad
vantages at so small a cost."
Cincinnati and St. Louis Railway
The Cincinnati Gazette of Wednesday last says :
"The City Council at their meeting on Monday night,
adopted a preamble and resolutions for submitting to
a vote of the electors, the question, whether the city
shall lend to the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Com
pany, SOO,000 in G per cent, bonds, to be expend
ed in the construction of the road from tliis city west.
The loan to be made when 203,000 or upwards of
itock shall have been subscribed by good and solvent
subscribers, nor until a Board of Directors, a majority
of whom shall be citizens of Hamilton County, shall
be elected.
"This important question, is now to be submitted
to the people of the city, and there can be little
doubt, but that they will direct the loan to be made."
Plank Roads nt Logansport.
The last Logansport Pharos says : " The Plank
Road north is progressing finely. Last week four
miles were completed, and an additional mile will
probably be finished this week. The road is well
built, and will pay fair dividends though that is a
secondary consideration to the excellent facilities it
affords for getting produce to market.
"The toll on nine miles of tlr? Plank Road South
amounted lately in one week to 103. This will pay
a handsome dividcrvd, and afford encouragement for
all classes to engage in the enterprise. Tha advan
tage to the country is great." ' " ' .
Political Economy A New Theory.
Elwood Fisher, in his Southern Press, advances a
new theory, one which cannot be found in the pro
ductions of the distinguished writers on that sub
ject. He holds the doctrine that the cholera and the
plague increase the wealth of a country. Malthus
wrote a treatise to prove that population under the
present organization of society was increasing too
rapidly, and adopts certain theories to check it.
But Fisher, in his hew theory, far out-strips Mal
thus and his kindred philosophers. The correspon
dent of the Baltimore Sun thus alludes to his views :
"Tho Southern Press continues its eroakings nnd its
threats; but they only serve as condiments to season the
breakfast or give additional zest to the mint juleps of
Southern txlrcmhts.' There are men, no dobut, who de
rive comfort from the consideration that there arc per
sons more mad than themselves, and to such the ''South
ern Press" will always be a welcome visiter. If we be
lieve the senior editor of that redoubtable sheet so
young, so promising and yet so modest there are do
greater means of increasing the wealth of nations than
the cholera, the yellow fever and the plague; for, by di
minishing the nuuilcr of those among whom property is
to be divided, each individual will receive a larger share;
labor (eilig, I presume, a mere concomitant of property.
Ami tho reverse is also true: There is nothing ?o de
structive to the wealth of nations as marriages and the
birth of white children, for they inereaso the diciwr of
the great division sum in political economy, and by that
means diminish the quotient. If tho happiness of man
were the same as that of pigs, he would, no doubt, grow
fat if, the swill-trough remaining the same, the numler
of animals to lc fed were reduced. This would be the
solution of the aristocratic problem of the greatest good
to the smallest number."
North Carolina.
The victory is decisive. The democratic party
have triumphed in the most brilliant manner. The
Raleigh Standard of Wednesday reports that the
democrats have gained fourteen members of the
Legislature, and lost seven.
"The Senate will ttahd 27 democrats and 23 whigs,
and the House 65 democrats to 55 whigs making 11
democratic majority on joint ballot.
It will bo seen, on rtvlerenee to our table, that Col.
Reid'svote thus far is 41,111, and Governor Manly's
40,656. Caldwell not heard from, and a majority count
ed for Colonel Rcid in Yancy, and Governor Manly in
Gates. Add the vote of Caldwell as it w as two years
since, and the votes of Yancy and Gates as they voted
before, and Colonel Reid wiil have 44,973, and Gover
nor Manly 41,935. Governor Manlv's vote will be
about 42,000, and Colonel Rcid's about 45,000.
Colonel Reid has received 3,3U0 votes more than he
received before, 2.400 more than Governor Manly re
ceived in 184S, 1,700 more than Mr. Clay received in
1844, and 1,500 more than General Tnylor got in 184S.
The whole vote for Reid and Manly in the present elec
tion will be some 800 more than it was in 1S43. What
a glorious victory!
07The Washington correspondent of the New
York Journal of Commerce, in his letter of the 15th
inst. sa3's :
"The Southern men now lesrin to cherish the expect
ation that California will, after all, be a slavchohling, as
well as a free trade State. There are certainly some
slaves there now, and others are to be carried out with
their masters.
Should slavery be found convenient, it can be at an
time adopted by the State, by a simple majority of the
Legislature, and tif the people. Tho constitution may
be altered once a year. It only requires a majority of
the Legislature to submit an amendment of the consti
tution to the people; nnd if it obtain a bare majority of
the legal voters, it becomes a part of the constitution.
It is stated here to-day that the census of Massachu
setts is completed, and that it shows an increase of pop
ulation, since 1840, of a quarter of a million.
This is an unexampled and admirable rate of progress
for an ld State, and affords the strongest evidence of
the prosperity of that commonwealth, and her posses
sion of some unusual advantages, nil which I hope she
will ever retain, despite of the mad schemes of her
idealists, which are aimed at the destruction of the chief
elements of her activity and strength."
07The correspondent of the New York Journal
of Commerce, writing from Washington on the 22d
instant, says:
"The prospect in tho House brightens a little. The
influence of Mr. Webster, of Mr. Elliot, the new mem
ber from Boston, of the whole administration, all work
to a saeccssful end. That the bills will pass all of
them and that the responsibility of a collision will be
thus thrown on Texas is now exjeeted by many who
have entertained doubts as to tho result.
Texas had a population of 149.00t) only, in 1S43, and
I presume it is not increased much. It cannot exceed
200,000, all told, black and white. She talks of raising
8000 men. It is quite the extent of her serviceable
militia."
Great Excitement nt Ilarri&bargh.
A telegraphic despatch from Ilarrisburgh of the
24th inst. says : .
Yesterday the Courr was engaged in the examination
of three negroes on a writ of "habeas corpus." They
were charged with horse stealing: but w jrein reality
fugitive slaves. - .
"This jaorning Judge Carson decided that the stealing
of a horse by a slave, for the purpose of escaping, was
not a criminal offence under the law for reclaiming fugi
tive slaves, and consequently he discharged them. They
were then immediately ushered out of prison, but they
had no sooner reached the street, than they were seized
by their masters, and a battle ensued betw een them, and
alter a severe strugs'o two of them were handcuffed,
and one escaped. The Court then issued a warrant
against the masters, and all others engaged, for assault
and battery with intention to excite a not ; and the slaves
and owners are now iu jail, . The Court also ordered the
Sheriff to cmnlov a posse for the purpose of dispersing
the mob at all hazards, which were usseniblcd in front of
the prison. The rioters were arrested, and the military
finally called out, and ten free negroes were arrested for
trying to incite a riot. The two slaves are now in prison,
but the owners and other persons engaged in securing
tiie slaves were discharged, and are now beforo the
Court on a writ of haleas corpus. The crowd before
tho jail has been dispersed by tho military, and at 2
o'clock P. M., as wc now write, the town is rcsuraiug,
in a measure, quiet and order."
Highly Important from Texas.
New Orleans, Aug. 22.
Galveston dates of the ISth have been received. The
Legislature met on the 12ih inst. The Governor's Mes
sage had been received. It proceeds to penk of the
unwarranted assumption of power of tho Federal Execu
tive by direct interlcrcncc with the municipal affairs of
a sovereign State.
Tho only course left is tho immediate adoption of ne
eessarv measures for the occupation of Santa Fe. witli
ample force to repel the arrogant and rebellious spirit 1
existing. Should such measures produce, a conltict with
the present authorities, unlawlully established, ami
shako the Confederacy to its cCutre, Texas will stand
exonerated before the world.
Authority is asked to raise supplies for two mounted
Regiments for the occupancy of Santa Fe.
- The news f the engrossment of Pea roc s Senate bill
with tho President's Message respecting Gov. Bell's
Letter was received on tho 17th, and produced great
dissatisfaction.
The, papers say the Messago "vill arouse feelings of
indignation throughout the State not easily allayed.
a . ,
Cholera at Milwnukie. . j
The cholera has broken out at Milwaukie in a Very I
malignant form, 109 deaths reported as haing oc-
curred on" Friday and Saturday of last week. At I
Lasalle there were five deaths by cholera on Satur
day last. - '. -' , '
OfA ship owner of Havre is about to send out
950 -young women to California, as a novel fpecu
latioti ' , ,
Late News from California.
The following summary of the late California
news is given in the Cincinnati Gazette :
Of tho large lump of gold recently taken out of si
trench in "the diggrns," the San Francisco Transcript,
gives a full account. It rs described as a mixture of
quartz and gold, the whole weighing 30 pounds (36J
ouncesj troy. From the tests made it was ascertained
that the lump contained about 23 pounds of pure gold
This mammoth piece was dug fron a ravine in the dry
diggins, between the Northland Middle Forks of the'
Yuba river (the location being known as the Jim Crow
diggings) by Mr. Win. II. Julius of New York City,.
and Mr. John Grives of New Orleans. Tho first of
these had been a year in th diggins, and had not aver
aged $10 per day.
The Placer Times of July gfh, is qnoled fyr the fol."
lowing reference to the newly diicovcred gold region:
"At the head of Nelson's Creek lie the famous "Gold
Lake" diggins, so styled from a largo body of water"
which is found there at this time. These diggins are fit
such an altitude above the level of the plains, that the
atmosphere is pure and invigorating. Gold is found in
great abundance over a large tract of quartz region.
The richest deposits are believed to be at a distance of
ten feet below the surface. Washiig is performed from
ths yield of the earth from five to eight feet beneath.
The gold is coarse and beautiful.
Capt. S. states his conviction that these are richef
diggins than any yet discovered in the Northern Placer.
Men are making from one to five hundred dollars per
day with ease.- Marry thousands are congregating there'
the Captain says "the mountains are foil of" 'em." The
timeof this discovery appears to have been in February
A Mr. Simonson and Madame Llorcnte, Lad created
a great enthusiasm in Sacramento City, by concerts and
ballets given there. One gentleman threw a package
of 2 ounces of gold dust to the lady during the perform
ance of one of her grand pirouettes, and after the exe
cution of one of Simonson's pieces n tho violin, another
individual was so completely carried away w ith the per
formance, that he pulled off hat, coat, vest and boots,
and presented them to the astonished musician.
The Odd Fellows have erected a grand edifice at Sah
Francisco, for the accommodation cf their order. Tho
first lodge of California was established in that city in
October last. Now twelve hwlgcs have been warranted
under the jurisdiction of the 'Grand Lodge for the State
of California.' created in April last at Sacramento City,
of which Col. J. D. Stevenson is the Grand Master.
There are located one each in Benton City, Sonora, Sao
Jose, Monterey, Benecia, Stockton, Maiysville, three in
Sacramento City, and two in San Francisco.
Great disorders continued at the southern mint's:
Fights, thefts, murders, drunkenness, Among thoi
most recent depredations noticed, was the following:
;'Thc same night Mr. Rolcrt Collier, who occupies a
Ranche five miles from Woods and Harrington, was
robbed of $4,000 in gold dust. It appears that the dust
and cash were kept in a trunk which stood on the floor
of the store; during the night the trunk was removed to
about 500 yards from the house, and there piilagd.
The robber did not take the silver coin, which was left
on the ground, but contented himself with the dust."
Manorial difficulties are springing np in California,'
and "Anti-Renters'' becoming troublesome, as might be
expected. The San Francisco News had information by
a gentieman from the upper mines, to the effect that
Col. Fremont's agent had had some trouble in Icvyin"
contributions upon those who arc mining in the immenso
region claimed as the. property of the Colonel. Thou-'
sands are upon the claim, and they perfectly booted the
collector when he talked of rent.
The following items are qtioted from the Placer
Times- .
"The steamer Senator is said to have cleared over
$500,000 in navigating the Sacramento River.
Quite a trade luis sprung up between San Franciser
and South Astralia, from which latter place the former
is now supplied with most of the substantial vegetables
in its market. -
The people of Portland, Oregon, have sent as a pres
ent to the city of San Francisco, a Lilerty Pole 120 feet
long, 1 foot thick nt the base, and 3 inches thick at the
top. Slim stick that.'
The population of San Francisco is now aid to ßo
15,000 only; those are stand bys; all the rest gono
to the mines.
Great piex-es of gold are now found fre'qneritly. Wm.
C. Sattci field picked up a lump of the pure stuff near
Nevada City, weighing 81 3-4 ounces.
It is now said that the pure white quarts, resembling
most the finest marble, contains the most gold. If this
proves to bo a general fact, and not an isolated case, tho
golden deluge has yet to commence. All that has here
tofore been done, including cliunks and all in the gold
line, is but the foreshadowing of a mcro glittering
shower."
Most of these extravagant accounts are authenticat
ed, so far as the testimony cf one pajcr is to be received
in support of that of another. Tlierc arc, however,
doubtless, great exaggerations. Nevertheless, should
the same or similar discoveries le reported by the next
arrival, another California fever may be expected to
rage throughout the United States, worse than any that
has been witnessed.
Latest from Oregon.
Through the politeness of Mr. R. Watson, of Missouri,"
who arrived hero on the steamer Ohio, we have been
put in possession of the following interesting items of.
newsv Mr. Watson left Oregon City on the 25th of
June last:
Gen. Lane, tho Governor of Oregon", had left the city
on the 1st of June with about 75 Kittatat Indians and a
few regulars, for Rogue River on an exploring expedi
tion, and also for tho purpose of making a treaty with
tho Rogue River Indians, who have lately leen commit
ting robberies and depredations on the emigrants. Gen.
Lane's party had proceeded as far as the South Fork
of the Umpqua River, where gold dust was discovered
in quantities on the bars of the rt? cr Here the party
stopped and went to mining. As they had but few uten'
sils, however, they only averaged 10 per day. Great
excitement prevailed in Oregon in regard to the fiatteri
ing rumors of the existence of great quantities of gold
in the Spokan country, north of the Columbia, which
had teen confirmed. Great numbers had left for tha
mines. " .
Portland, tho head of ship navigation, is improving
very rapidly, and it is said will soon take the lead of
Oregon City. The new wheat crop looked remarkably
well. So prolific is tho soil that three crops of w heat
had lecn raised from tho first sowing. It had rained
nearly all tho month of June, which was very unusuat,
and highly favorable to the country. But few farms are
cultivated, the emigrants preferring to work at the
mines, although potatoes commanded SS per bushel, and
few to be had. Laborers command ?5 pe d;iy, and car
penters, from $10 to $12, and frequently uannot c ob
tained for that. Lieut, Col. Crittenden had bcea court
martialed and acquitted. A", O. Vic.
Oregon.
The last arrival from California brings news from
Oregon to a late date. Gen. Lane had resigned the
office of Governor, and had gone, it is stipposel, to
the gold diggings. His successor, it was njpposedy
would shortly arrive. The Oregon Spectator says:
While our citizens have been quietly preparing to g
to tho Rogue River to dig for gold this summer, they
have been aroused to unusual excitement by liio discove
ry of a rich mine in another direction. The opinior is
gaining strength daily, that one of the richest mines on
the shores of tho Pucilic, has been discovered in the Spo
kan country, some 400 miles from this cht and op tho
Columbia." Wo arc assured by Capt. N. Crosby, who
saw it, that the sand which was brought from the Sjkjj
kan, was in its bulk about one quarter gold. We have
always fdt confident that there was gold on Towder and
Burnt rivers, and this discovery on the Spokan will still
more fully confirm the fact that the ruddle region of
Oregon is to become the grand El Dorado f the day.
In view of this fact, the sub-Ii,dian agent Las gone rp
tho Columbia to prepare the Indians for a r.cw state of
things, which will iinme'iatf ly commence in their eoun
try. The country in whu-h the fold is found is one of
the healthiest in'tlic T.oild, and if the mine shall bn
found to extend over a .arge regi m of that country, it
will soon be teeming with nn overflowing population,
attracted thither by the double allurement of gold and
health. Wc suppose that there will also be a t a isi ler
able mining business done this season on the tiwis along
the Southern borders of Oregon, as many persons who
have been to California have convinced themselves that
Rojne River and ethr Mrrams iu that riclnity ill af-
ford profitable "dicing."
!