Daily State sentinel. [volume], December 04, 1862, Image 2

About Daily State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis, Ind.) 1861-1865

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DAILY SENTINEL.
Tilg u.iwx rr uT PK rr.Kn;vEr-ir.
THUUSDAY MüUNIXÜ. DHC 1.
Tbe Republican election Judge la the town of
Oberlin. Lorain countj, Ohio, allowed iity even
&egroe to rote at that preciact, at tbe October
rectioa. The name of tbe dirkeji art pub
lUheJ." and tbe thing pro tea beyond all doubt.
It I apposed that segroei rote ia other tcwo
$ bipa of tbat countj, and an examination ia now
gmg oa to aceruin the fact. Our Abolition
friend mut be very hard run for rote when they
retort to rach dirk "tricki. We uppoe when
LixooiVa emancipation eherne i proper! carried
out, all the contraband darkeys will be brought
into tbe free Suite to vote down ibe candidate
of lb white people. Indian hat a, law agiinst
thi claa of population coming within her bor
der. nd if the Governor refuea to enforce it, it
will be done fur him by proper authority.
The Yannee in the Houlh.
" The Montpelier (Ve.mont) Journal contains
a letter from oldier in the eth Vermont regi
ment, dated Camp Allemanda, Louisiana, giving
an account of the progress of the Union army in
that neighborhood. It appear that the property
of Colonel Riciuid Tatlce (mm of General
Zacuakiah Tati) had been conficated by
om one though without the intervention of
either judge or jury and the Yankee soldiers
proceeded to help themselvet in the old fashion
ed atyle of tbe English in India or Ireland. We
will let thi man tell hi own atory. Describing
the plantation f Colonel Tat lor, he av:
"It ia one of the m Hl splendid plantations 1
etrrMff. There arc on it peveu hundred acres of
ugir Cane, which must rot upon the ground if
t!e Government doe not harvest it. I wish you
eoull hive een the soldiers plunder ihn planta
tion. After the iiurk wai driven o ff, the boy
) 4ii Uv onfrrinir ihm alavea to brins? out every
thing there wa t eit and drink. They brougO
out hundred ot bottlea of wine. egc. presenred
fig ami pe iche-4, turkeys, thickent and honey, in
any quantity.
1 brought away a large nmp kettle and fry
ing pan that belourcl to old Oen. Taylor, and
alo man of the private pa pert. I have one let
ter of hi own hand-writing, ani ninny from
Secretary Mtrrv; ome from (Jen. Scott, and
tome from the traitor Floyd. I brought to eump
four bolllea of rl.iret wins. Lieutenant
brought away half barrel of the best Virup
from the ugr house, and a large can of honey.
The crap kettle and pan I intend to end home.
They are midof heavy tin, covered with cop
Der I thiuk I will eiid home the private pavers
bv miil: i. I do. let no one hive them. Tbe
ctrop i loaded down with plunder all kind of
clothing, rmga. w.ntche. gun, pistol, sworn.
and aome of Hen. Tat lor old hat airt coits.
belt. worJ, awl, in fact, every old relic he had.
i worn about the camp You and every one
nn? be thankful that vou are out of the reach of
blundering armie-. Here are whole famine of
women and children running in the woods large
plantation entirely deserted nothing left except
Uvea ton old to run away all kinds of the best
ma!iorn? furniture broken to pieces. Nothing
i. respected."
That will do. Nothing i respected." Ami
i thi the w.ty that the war is to be earned on to
restore the Union? " The camp is loaded down
with plunder." Well, we are glad there were no
Western troop in that crowd, and that ohly the
pious and religious portion of the free State was
represented in that sacking of Old Zac'a planta
tion. It will occur to everyone that a Union
thu restored, must be a very agreeable associa
tion ! These Southerners ought to love the Yau
kee d early, after that.
Judare Curtle on Ixecutle Power
In looki ng over a new impression of Judg
CtaTta pamphlet upon Executive Tower, we ob
serve a passage of great importance, us it seems
to us, which wa not contained in tbe earlier edi
tion. We quote it, therefore, from page 2i and
23. as follow:
These conclusions concerning the powersof the
Frcidenl cinnot be shaken by the asertion that
"rebel have no right. " The avenion itself is
not tme, in reference either to ihe seceding States
or their people.
It ia not true of thoe State, for the Govern
ment of the United S: tte h i never yet admitted,
and cannot admit, that, a State, they are in re
bellion A State i simply incapable of doing
any valid act. in conflict with the latititutio:i or
hwa of the United States; and the Constitution is
a much the ruprerae law of the land iu Tennes
see to day, a it was before the void act of se
cehn wa attemnted by a part of it people.
Else the act was effectual", und the State is inde
pendent of the Government of the United States,
and the war I a war of conquest and subjugation.
Nor is the assertion th U rebel have no
rights.! applicable to the people of tho?e St des.
It i strange that any one having even that ac
quiintance with public law. which Chatham's iu
digninl protest ha nude f.uni'iir to Americans,
enld have failed to f'etl it to be untrue. When
ramy million of people are involved in civil
Wfr. humanity, and that public law, which in
modern time is humane, lorbid their treatment
as outlaws. Abd it public law and the constitu
tion and law of the United State are now their
rule of duty towurd us, on whit ground idisll
a e deny that public law and the constitution, and
the law m-vle under it. re .il ur rule of duty
toward them? The onlyju-l idea of a law is,
thit ll i a rule t.f action which govern all who
are within its scope. None are so degraded,
even by crime, as to be too low for its protection;
rute so elev.ited by po-ition or power, a tobe
above it reich. And when we advance to that
highest conception ot human law, known, J tac
tidily, in our own country only, and come to
constitutional law, Ihe embodied will of the peo
p'e, by which they govern the governors, what
pivernor are beyond it control, what citizen!
are too low for it protection?
" Penattie and forfeiture rn iv he Indicted by the
legislative power a punishment for crime; btit
not even treason, the not de idly of ail crime,
can et free the executive or legislative jwer,
from the restraint which the people" law h
impoed on them, or remove one man, or ar.y
numler of men, from under it protection. j
Hut if it were conceded that "rebel have no i
rt hts, tbete would tdl te muter demanding
tht grivest couderttit'ii. For the rapn y which
I have invited i i.ot what are their rights, but
what are 'ir rights.
Whateter miv te thought of the wisdom of the
rrHlamvtMn oi' tbe President. cnceriitig the
prtH-iamsiNvn 01 int. . rr...r,.. W,rrr tf ,nr
emtncipstiou of slaxcs. r,. one can doubt its
practical i.nporl.mce . if ll is to tike effect. To
et f,. U,ut four mil ... of ,l ,ves. at a,, e.rly
nietl dv. will ats4i utelr 110 -retvirxtion for
their future, and with no prepirition for our i
future, in their relations with us, and to do (los
by force, must be admitted ti be a mtter
ot vast coiicnn. not only to them and to j
their mater. but to the whole continent t
on which thev must live There nn bei
greit diversities of otmion concerning nuh ni
act. Itil that it effects must be of fiupodom
Importance, extetidmir not only into ihetMirder
loyat St:e.bul in to til I theStJtes. North as weil n ;
Siutli, I uppse no rational mm can doubt.
II w Has the I'resident acquired the power to de
cide the qiestNt whether thi treu act sh ill te ;
done? How hive the people of the Lriitl
State or any part of theo conferred on him the:
rightful power to determine for them this jue- 1
Iwn of och an emsncipition, to be made uu jar !
cirvumst ince? It the ieopie. a ho are :n,
. ., , ..,.11 i.t fi-,,
reljellion have no nlds. the Iol pe..p'e of Ken-
tucky. of Indian. Illinois Ohio. M ., viand and j
Pemfsilfania hue li.hi.. It is among th.. ;
rights tbat tb President hll not assume to de
cide for them question which they Jeem of vast ;
rr4Ctlel im;)rtu.ce to themselie. and which .
they hi neier cinetitel he should decide It
It among the rights ot all of cf, that the power
ot. eouh State t ovevn it owa internal :Tur ;
should not be trespael on by any department of;
the federal f-oaeT;and it is a right eeiitial to
tt. niintrti.UH e of otr totfm if govern met t.
It i smongthe right of ail of u. that tie Ei
ecutive power hould be ke4 wiihin it prescr:t-oi
coiuti ul t'iial i i,i, au I ahould not le.i!aie, bv
indetiee, upd; suljctof tra'iitctaJent import
a nee r the whole propU
I llLOlIM! 1 M .UJa0.jAjIv;beorgH "U S?ite.tlec..ntitu'ioiiallya.d-
niitted into the Federal U ?
FflUtn atizr of t.irSfftate
nndlhutff HfjfTrtnitntirft'.
h.iue yotir lit an;mJ .f-,:n .ijig another
Mr ( li!tn ac.l Ln v tit: : 1. 1 h.irir-l In t-- I
ArxJ while it hi imI jlei-l tbe Alluvia u
bleK u with areturu ot peice, e can but mc
on, Kuid-i by the bel l'lt lie give u. trutiiu'
thl io Ilia own good time, and wi-e way, all will
yet be well.
, . aaoiT oca roaxiox arrAtca.
The correi-pondeuce touching fwregn atTair
whid. k U.en tlace daring the Ut year, i
herewith submitted, in virtual comilimce with
the rrriuest to that effect, made by the ilouae of
iiepresenUtive near tbe clo?e of tbe last se?ion
of Colore?.
If tlie cobditioo of our relations with other
nation i le gratifying than it ho usually teen
at former period, it ia certainly more satisfactory
than a nation o unhappily distracted as we are,
might reasonably have apprehended. In the
month of Jate last there were some grounds to
expect that miritime power which, at the begiu
nit.g of our domestic diiriculties, so onw'nely ail
canecevsirily, a we think, recognized the insur
gents a a bei liferent, would soon recede from
that position, which ha proved only le-s injuriou
to them-elvc, tlian to our own country, liut the
... M . I 1 .1.11 t. -
temporary reverse whicii alter iro ocen me
natioual arm. xd w huh were exagger-itol by
our own disloyal citizens abroad, have Lithcrlo
delated that act of imple justice.
The civil war which ha so radically changed,
for the moment, the occupation and habit of
the American people, ha necessarily disturbed
the social condition, and affected rcrr deeply the
prosperity of the nation with which we n aye
carried on & commerce that has been fcteadilv in
creasing throughout a period, of half a century.
It has, at the same time, excited political ambi
tion and appreheaions which have produced a
profound agitation thronghont the civilized w orld.
In this unusual agitation wo hare forliorne from
taking part in any controversy between foreign
states, and between parties or faction in such
tales. We hare attempted no propagandism,
and acknowledired no revolution. Hut we have
left to every nation the exclusive mnduct and
management of its own affair. Oar struggle
ha been, of coarse, contemplated by foreign na
tions with rvfercr.ee Ics to its own merits, than
to its f apposed, and often exaggerated effects
and consequences resulting to those nations them
selves. Nevertheless, complaint on the part of
thi Gorernraent, even if it were just, would
certainly bo unwic.
SLATE TBADC TREATT WITH ESGLAXD.
The treatv with creat Hri:ain. for the sunnres- I
sion of the slave trade, has been put into oj-era-
tion with a good prositfct of complete success,
It i an occasion of special pleasure to acknowl-j
eoge tnai me e.ccuiKn oi u, on inc pan tu ner
Maiestv'u Government, ha been mailed with a
iealou mwect for the authority of the United
States, and the rieht of their moral and loval
citizen.
Tinr nrn mniMiirn I
tu WntSn ifh nnv.r f.,r abolition
of the stadt. due has been carried into full effect,
a IIV IWIII Villi' '11 n llil atuiiwi vi aa
under the act of Congress for that purjKjse.
TUE BLOCK APC AD THE TROLBLtS IT OCCASIONS
A blockade of 3.3(H) mile of sea coast could
not be established, and vigorously enforced, in a I
season ot great commercial nctivity like the pres I
ent. without committing occasional mistake and I
inflicting unintentional injuries upon foreign na-1
tion aud their subject. I
' A civil war occurring in a country where for-1
eignen reside ami cany on trade under treaty I
stipulation, i necessarily fruitful of complunt I
of the violation of neutral right All such col I
lisions tend to excite misapprehensions, and pos-1
sibly to proluce mutual re l unations between
nation which have a common interest in pre- I
serving peace and friendship. In clear cases ot I
these kind I have, w far as p issible, heard and j
redrensed complaints which have been presented I
by friendly powers. There is still, however, a I
large and augmenting number of doubtful cases, I
upon which the Government is unable to greelihe act, substituting only the secured uniform
with the Governments whose protection is de
manded by tlie claimant. There nre. moreover.
mauy cases in w hich the United States, or their
citixens, suffer wrongs from the naval or military
authority of foreign nations which the Govern
ment of those Stales are not at once prepared to
retires. I have proposed to some of the foreign
States thu interested, mutual conventions to ex
amine and adjust such complaints. This propo-
sition ha been made especially to Great Britain,
to France, to Spain and lo Prussia. In each case
-a a it t . I. . i
una Deen Kinaiy received, out nas not yet oeen
formally adopted.
1 deem it my duty to recommend an appro-1
priatiou in behtlf of the owners ot the Norwegian
bark Admiral I Tonlenskiold, which vessel was,
in May, 1K6I, prevente! by tlie commander cd
the blockading force tiff Charleston from leaving
that port with cargo, notwithstanding a similar
nr.
hn
rivilege had, shortly before, been granted to nn
lihh vessel. 1 hivedireeted the Secretary of
State to cause the papers in the ease to be com
mu mcated to the proper authonlie
COLONIZATION Of " FREE AMERICANS Of AFRICAN
DWCEST."
Application have been made to me by many
free American of African descent to favor their
emigration, with a view to such colonization as
w 1 contemplated in recent act of
Othfr parties, at home and abroad sme from
interested motive, others upon patriotic consid
eration, and still other lutiuenced hv pliilati
thropic sentiment have suggested similar meas
while on the other hind, everal of the
tires:
Spanish American Republic hav Proteste!
againt the sending of utli colonic to their re-
srectivc territories. Under thee circumstances.
1 have declined to move auv such colonv to imv
State, without first obtaining the consent of it
government, with an agreement on its part to re-
1 cue and protect such emigrants in all the right
of freemen; and 1 have, at the same tune, of
fered to the several State situated within the
tropics, or hiving colonies there, to negotiate
with them, subject to the advice n l consent of
the Senite, to fivor the voluntary emigration n
person of that cl.is to their respective ternto
ries, upon condition whkh shall be epu il,ji;t
and humane. Liberia and tiavti aie. a vet, ttw
only coun'rie to which colonie of Alncan le
scent from here, could go wnii t eriHinty ol being
received and adopted a citizen; and 1 regret t
say such pers.., contemplating coloniation, do
not seem so willing to migrate to those countries,
as to some others; nor so will.ng a I think their
illltn a 111) J T t .ill lAll-ll luiU 111 AH at.litJkm
liiiViv ut uiniiw.-, a vrun t , i n i , w . um 1 u
. .1 .: 1
nueing mcui, 10 iui. irrn i, i 11111 no nig: unu
.t..t r,.. I 1 1
UIU 11 V loiut 101 iv "iii ia tin oukitiiiiivtii dim 1
ä,.;.i-j.i. .;. t. iu.n. ..;..J
fa.m th I7i.-.tl Stat
COMMEHC1AL TREATIES.
The new commercial treatv between the Uni -
ted States and the Saltan of Turkey has lcn
carried into execution.
A commercial and consular treaty ha been
negotiated, subject to t e Senate's consent, with
Liberia; and a Mmtlar recognition i now pend
.1. l-.tt .
nig wuii wie icpu 'iic 01 navii. conilcra!ie
improvenu-nt of the national commerce i ex
pected to result from these me.vuiC.
MORE AftOfT FOREIGN RELATIONS
f)ur j, (jriat IJritain, Fiance
Spain. rortugal.Kussw, Prussia. Denmark. Swe-
j Aa.trU the Nct!.-rln.I. Italv. Kome. and
, the mhvT un.M,t ,
I.unt an Mates, remain un liturUd
crv favorable relation also continue to be
maintained with Tuikcv, Morocci, China and
Japan.
During the lat year there ra not oulr Ken
no change. of our previous relations with the in
dejicndent States of our own continent, but
moie friendly sentiments than have hcretof.ue
cis'ed are bcliovcil to N entertained hv the-e
neighSd, wliose safety and progress arc so in
timately connected wt:h our own. i tu state
rncnt especially applies to M-'xio, Nicaragua,
CoUi Hica, Ilondaras, l eru aal Chili
the republic of
wi
claims
tion i pen
way he ablo to do more complete justice
Tl a
. . . . . , c . .
joint commission tetween the tnitel Sates and
J. ... e . ... . . ,. ,
he npuhl.c of Costa lue ha ompl,ted us Ia-
!rs and .uhrailtcd its report.
rtLn.Ririt aovr the oiost.
I h n e favuied the inject for connecting t!ie
rri - i.t. .t 1U10.U luh'iuuic.i . iiroitosinsT coiivt-nrion hi
ine co rami' im nimcr nie convention ua I ..1 ' " j. . " . r. ,k
x-.. r i j ; P"iai rcpicsgnia:ivcs lor the ionoe of Simnli- r"v,
.1 - 1 - j.-i 1. 1 1 .1 1 1 . . . . . . . 1 i 1 " 1 a v . bum 111 riiT. i .
.... . I Inno the inte rtt turpiim ivn.i.M an. I . . I lAUCOus
:noni uaving au-iueo nn-i passet u on an i:;c ... V " than -
wnunwere sunmittti 10 11. iropni-1 . . . , - f,und
... . . .l imirtant to onr adiite(l ntipn nn,t tr ii... I iiienus
... .. . nine nv iviii.u iu.vi.s. 1114 i n m o.i 1 11 in .mifl r i -
ung 10 revive i:ie Convention, mat it Ä -..i . v . . '
L rated M ite w ub huruje by an Atlantic Tele-! c pinion, tor the lcr.eflt of the poatwi errice.' -graph.aiidiuoUrpnjccttuetendthetelegraph
vrvir -it.
from Sn Kranciscu, to connect bv a PaciSc tele- T,,t PCBs"; "AI ' .
grat.h with the Iu:e w hich is being extended aero The Secretary of. th Ittcrior reports aa fol
the Kusian Kmpire.
Till TiURIToklK TIli-IK aiol actit I Hol LI
MviLorti by "axraAOBrdMAET xkasirl."
The Terr.t..rle- of the L'nited Slates, with un
ln.p. itint exre;4ion-, .vt reinii.vAl uird.siurbe!
tt v the civil
ar; and lliev -ie exrub'.liüg such
ddnee f pr-prity aa ju.i.he n eiptation
Tl.e :mnien- rnii.tr! resource f Mni oi
tl.sf l nititie oujht to ! deel;?l rnMl
. iociUe. Keiy te; in th it d.rection wt.uM
tut in.li,. ir itnrroie the tew uv ot ibe
r eriiirent, mt d.m n:li th burden ol tl.e
iwi-ir Ii worhv f vour "niivler
whether wiiie extraordinary n.ei:re to j'Tunioit
that end cannot be ndo;ited The Die in hieb
u-ct iuelf a mot likely to be eflective, i
irn'.ific exploration of the mineral region in
thoe Territories, with a riw to the pubücaiion
oi ita re-ult at hooie and in foreigncountrie
result which cannot fail to be opiciou.
ruxxciAl. iffAllt.
The condition of the finance will claim your
mtt diligent consideration. Tlie vast expendi
tures incident to the rniliury and utval opera
tion required (or the uppre-kn of the relxrl
lion, h ive hitherto been met with a promptitude,
and certainty, uouual in similtr circumstances;
and the public credit ho. been fully tn inU'm...
The continuance ot the war, however, and the
increase! diburement made neceiry by the
augmenteil force now in the field, demand your
bet reflection a to the be.t mode- of providm;
the necessary revetiue, without injury to busines.
and with the Ie.t pojible burden unon Ulor.
The siiLen.-ioti of st-ecie navment br the
bank, ?oon after the commencement of vour last
enion, made large i.sue ol United State notes
unavoidable. In no other wav couid the pjiy-
nient of the troop, and the satirTaction ot other
iu.-i demand, be w econmiclly or o well pro
viletl for. The judicious legislation of Conre,
ecurin the reteivebilitv of the-e note fur
loan and internal du tie., and m Aini them a
lesrxl tender for other debt, ha m ide them an
uttiTcral currencv; and ha :itifietl, partially at
lei.t. and for the time, the long felt want of an
uniform circulating medium, saving thereby to
the people immense sum in discounts and ex
change. A FIDl&AL BANKING 8TSTJM AND NATIONAL PA TIE
ccaatxcT scggiated.
A return to specie payment, however, at the
earliest period compatible with due regard to all
interests concerne!, sh"uld ever e kepi in view.
Fluctuation in the value of currency are always
mimious. and to reduce thee fluctuation to the
loweit possible point will alwav l leading pur
pose ill wise lepslatiou. Convertibility, ptotnptl
and certinn convertibility into com, i generally
acknowleiieil to be thebe-t and surest iategu:ird
riiiist them: and it i extienielv doubttul
hether a circulation of United State notes, pay
able in coin, and eulncicntlv lariie lor tbe want
ot the jeople, can be permanently, u?elully and
ilcl v tn aintainel.
1 there, then, any other" mode in which the
necessary provision for the public wants can be
made, nnd the great advautae ol ii sale and
iuuuohu iunn.; tiuici
1 know ot none which promise fo certain re
suit., and is at the same time .o unobjectionable,
a the organization of banking aociations under
la general act of Congress, well guarded in its.
nrovi-ion. To such association the Govern-
me,,t n,i-,,t f"rni"h circulating note on the se
curity of United State bonds deposited in the
1 reasurv; thee notes, prepared under tlie super-
vir ion ol proper officers, bein uniform in appear
ance and secMritv, and convertible alwavs into
coin, would at once protect labor against the evil
of a vicious curiency, ami facilitate commerce by
cheap and sale exchange.
A moderate reservation from the interest on
bond would compensate the United States for
the preparation and distribution of the notes, and
a general supervision of the system, and would
lighten the burden of that part of the public debt
employed a necuntie. Ihe public credit
moreover, would be greatly improved, and the
negotiation of new loan greatly facilitated, by
the Meadv market demainl for Government
bond, which the adoption of the proposed svs
tctn would create. It is an additional recom
mend ition of the measure of coniderahle w eight,
in my judgment, that it would reconcile as far as
possible, all exiting interest by the opportunity
offered to existing institution to reorganize under
national circulation, lor the local and various
a. f t a
circulation secured and unsecured, now issued by
them.
BECE1PT3 AND P1SBLRSLM ENT.
The receipt into th Treasury from all source, J
-.ci.!; bn. nnd ha1.it.en from the MPcedin.'
e.,r fur t,e ßiC.,i ve.ir 0UiUir oll the 30th June.
j, weie jSa.'ps'S? 0C, of which sum
19 (I5C..'197 i'2 were derived from customs:
$ .7j;,,;t;i 7:i from the direct tax; from public
.,n(i4 gifto. 77; from miscellaneous sources,
. . F
$!i.1.77 64; from loan in all foi ms. $. j2'J.GD2.
4f,: r,u. The remainder, $'2,207 ,0(15 fcll. was the
Yil mce from fist vear.
Tfie disburs-emem during the same per'nnl
were for congressional, executive and judicial
purpose. $5,9.11) .1)01) 21); for foreign intercouise.
$ I, ..U, III .10; for m!cel!aneou expenses, in
cluding the mint, loans, post office deficiencies.
collection of revenue, and other like charges.
$14 ,120,771 50; for expen-e under the Interior
Department, $.J.lli'J.Dro o'g; under tlie War De
partment, $:jy4.:i).107 :i(j; under the Navv De
partment, $12,Gi4,ÖG!I CD; for interest 011 public
debt, $l.l.l'J),:i-Jl and for pavmentol public
debt, including reimbursement of temporary loans
and redemption. $!G.0,!)22 01); making mi ag
gregate of s.iiO.Ml ,i(' 2o, and leaving a tub
ance in the 1 reasurv on the first day of July,
of $13.(i-i:i.546 M.
It should be observed that the sum of $'JG,096,-
:. extended lor reiiiibur.sements and re
demption of puolio debt. teing iiicludcil al4t in
ll,e h.' properlT detlucied, both
from receipts and expenditures, leaving the a tu
al receipts for the yetr $!"!. o.JJl Iii; and the
expendiiure. $414,141.4 10 iu.
Oilier information 011 the subject of the finan
ce will be found in the reiort of the Secretary
of the Treasury, to whose sbttements mid liews
I invite vour most caudid and considerate ntten
tion.
WAR AND NAVY REPORTS.
The report of the Secretaries of War and of
j Jfavy, are herewith tranruiiited. The-e lefmits,
though lengthy, aie scarcely more ihm bnel b
I str uts of the verv numerous and extensive tr.ms
action and operations conducted through these
deiiariment sor could I gue a summary ol
I them here, upon any principle, which would ad
hnit of it being much shorter than the reirt
I ihinsel ves. I therefoie content unself with
j living the reports before you, and asking your at
Mention to them.
TOSTAL AFFAIRS.
1 t
It cives me pleasure to re:rt a decided im
1 - - n . . . . .
provement in the financial condition ot the I ost
. k .
olhce Department. as compaieil with several pie
cclmg v v it. The receipt tor the fiscal jear
IMil amountwl to $,:m.2'Jo 40, which em
braced the iciei.utf irom all tl.e States of the
1 Union for three uuurter of thai ear. Notwith
I standing the cessation of revenue from the so
calitsl ectsittl hcates during the last fiscal year.
the increi-e of the ponepoiiden'e of the Uiyal
Stater h is been .suflicu-nt to jaoduce a revenue
..uiing the a.itne veir ul S-,s,"JJ.frd 'JO, lemg
01.U ji.'iO.lHHI less thin was denied Irom all the
St iic 01 the Union during the previous vear.
The cxjenditurcs show a still more favorable
result. '1 he amount extended in 1861 was
f ,J"","J" 1 ' l B R'
'' itduced to Sll.Ia
decn aM! of al.ut 53.4M.UÜ
as compared wi.h the prctr
SI 3.600,759 11. For the but viar the amount
123.0C4 13. showing a
tXHJ in the expenditures
a compared wi.h the preceding year, and about
S3, 00,000 as compared with tbelm-ul vcar lbü
The deficiency in the department for the pre
vious year was ,531, UOO 9S. lor the last hs
cai year 1: wat rcdu.-cd to SJ.II2.S14 57. Ahcse
favorable results are in part owing to the rela
tion of mail servho ia t.'ieiusarrectionarv States,
and in part to a careful review of all exendi
t u re s ia that department in the interest of econ
omy. I he cmnca.'v of the potal s :rvice, it i
h.licrcil, ti:u alo b.vn rau:h improved. The
Postmaster General has alo opened a sorres
ponivnee, through the Department of State, with
A..ntmApi ill intltpi.t. C .1.2' 1 - I
i "'"""" "M 1. 1 in.'. Tvumrv, uns iiccii
"v i r...-t.t.. ;n .1 i -j - .. .
favorably
,
governmc
d
, Rtk y
imniawn v :mi i iiu i, uini nzrrru to. DV ail tliC ;
ivernmcuis irom wuom icpiici Lave Utn re
ihe attention of Cnpt'stothe n-"M-
tion of the Postmaster Ccveml, vi his re;ort i
. respecting t!;e further UIabuixcd. in LI ,
in rcgarn 10 tnepnnn janas:
Thi nnl.lir land have. ca. d Li h a iAnm
M i r Tt
oi revenue, rnun in? ivri wr, ini. id w
3t!i of SepUniVr,- Its62jhc enrf-ceush receipt
from the f.ile of land wr Clo7,476 26 a nm
noch lc than ihe cxpcrr.a cf t ur Und vstira
during the ame jenod. T.iC homestead law,
whieh w ill tak :re ll J $ t of JanuAry nex
offer uch induecnetit to settlers that a!e for
cah cannot bo exacted, to an extent sa'ncient
to ant the excnae of the Ge tal Lar.dOilicc,
and :! c rot r f surveving and bringing the hind
intom.ukct"
Tue discrepancy le: ween t) e utn here ftatcd
a ari-ing from ti e sales of the public lands, an-1
the cm dtrivtd fmrn tl:e fame sou te a n-port-
ed x m the Tn a nrr Der artmcnt a i-c. r. 1
understand, from ihe fact that the period of tiro.?.
though aprarccdr. were rot really, coincident at
the beginning point the Trca-ury report includ
ing a considerable um now. which had previ-
onfr been reported from tlie Interior nffici
cimy large to crtatlv overrcacii tlie mm uenvcu
irom tue three month now rejorted upon by tnc
inienor, and not by the Treasury.
the ratr amlsican ot ccttlb. cot-oa pe
scist.
The Indian tribe upon our frontiers have. du
ring the past year, manifested a spirit of insuU
ordination, and, at several points, have engaged
in open nostilmes wmt the white settlements
..... . .. i
in their vicinity. The tribes occupying the In
din country outli of Katisa. renounced their
allegiance to ti e United States, and entered into
trettie with the insurgent. Those who re
m imed ioyil to the Uniteil btatw were driven
from the country. The chief of the Cherokees
bus viited this city for the purpose of restoring
the lormer relation of the tribe with the United
State. He allege that they were constrained,
by superior force, to enter into treaties with the
inurents, rid that the United State neglected
to furtti-h the protection which their treaty stipu
lations reiuired.
In the month of August last the Sioux In
dmi. in Minneoto. attacketl the ett!emeuts in
their vicinity with extreme lerocjtv, killitip. in
discriminatelv, men, women and children. This
attack wa wholly unexpected, and, therefore, no
mem ol defense had been provided It is esti
rn ued th.it not less than eiht hundred person
were killed hv the Indian, and a lirire amount
of property wa destrTeJ How this outbreak
wa induced is not definitely known, and sus
picion, which may le nnjut. neel not to beta
tel. Informition wa received by the Indian
buteiu, from different sources, about t!ie time
hostilities were commenced, that a simull ineous
attack wa to be made unon the white settle
mein ov an me tribe between the .Missiipp
.! ll. t a a
river and the Uckv Mountain. The State of
Minnesota has sull'ete greit injury from the In
dian war. A lame tairtioti of her territory h is
iecn depopinateil. and m severe los ha been sus
tamed by the destiuetion of property. The peo
pie of that State manifest much anxiety for the
removal ot tlie tribes bevond the limits of the
State a a guarantee isr;iint future hostilities.
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs will furnish
full details. I submit (or your especial consider
ation whether our Indian sisrem .-hall not be ic
modeled. Many wie and go,l men hive im
ptesed me with the belief that this can be profit
ably done.
RAILBOAOS AND CANAIi.
I submit a statement of the proceeding. of
Commissioners, wh'ch shows the progress that
has been made iu the enterprise of constructing
the Pacific Kailroad. And this suggest the
earliest completion of this road, and also the fa
vorable action of Congress upon the project now
ending before iheiu lor enlarging the capacities
of the great canals in New Yoik and Illinois, as
being of vital, and rapidly increasing importance
to the w hole nation, and especially to the vast
interior region hereinafter to be noticed at some
greater length. I puroe having prepared and
laid before vou at an cailv day some interesting
and valuable statistic! iufoimatioii Umhi this
subject. The military and commercial imiHirt
nhce of enlarging the Illinois and Michigan Canal,
and improving the lllinoi river, is pte-ented iu
thcrepoitof Colonel Webster to the Secretary
of War, and now transmitted to Congress. 1
respectfully ask attention to it.
AGRICULTURAL PI PARTMKNT.
To carry out the provisions of the act of Con
gress ot the Ifnh of May l ist. 1 have caused the
Department ol Agriculture of the United State
to be orgaii'zed.
The Commissioner informs me that within the
per'od of a few month thi department h is es
t;ib!isSed an extensive system of correspondence
and exchange, botti nt home nn : 'd, winch
promises to etl'ect highly beneficial ie i!t in the
development of a coricct knowledge c t reC!it
- impoemeitts in agriculture, in ihe ihtn luciioii
of new products, and in the collee i n ot tiie ;i;
ncultural statistics of the djflereii'.vM.ite..
AU( that it will soon be pieMl'd o !--:!.
largely seinls, cereals, pl ints nl -n't n.--. ii- i
h.is uliv itlv published, and libeinllv ilillu.-e i,uo.v;i
valuable inform ition in anticipation ot a more
elaborate report, which will in lue time be fur
nished, embracing some valuible test in cliemi
cal science, now in progress iu the laboratory.
The creation of thi depsrtment was for the
more immediate benefit of a large class of cur
most valuable citizen; and I trust that the übe
ral bai upon which it his been organized w ill
not only meet your approbation, but that it will
lealize. at no distant day, all the fondest an
ticipation of it most sanguine friends, and lie
como tlie fruitful source of advantage to all our
people.
"COMPENSATEP F MA NCI PA TION."
On the twenty-second day of September last, :i
prod am dion was issued by the Kxecutive, a copy
of which is herewith submitted.
In accordance with the purpoe expressed in
the second paragraph of that paper, I now re
spectfully call your attention to what may be
called ' compensated emancipation."
THE l'MT.D sTATIS NOT A IM FT E P FOR A NATIONAL
MUllO FAMILY.
A n itiou may be said to consist of it territory,
its people, and it law.. The tei ritory i the only
pirt which i of certain durability. " One uener
ation pis-eih away, and another generation com
eth. but the earth abideth forever." It is ol the
first import nice to duly consider, and estimate,
this ever enduring pait. That poition of the
earth's snrlace w loch i owned and inhibited by
the people of the United States, i well adapted
to be the home of one national family ; ;md it i
not well adapted for two or more, lis vast ex
tent, and its vaiiety of climate und pioductioii.
nre of advantage, in this use. for one people,
w hatcv er they might have been in former age
Steam, telegraphs, and intelligence, have brought
these to be an advantageous combination for oi.e
united people.
THE NKiRO THE oNLT SUBSTANTIAL PISPITK.
In the Inaugural Addres I briefly pointed out
the total inadequacy of disunion, as a remedy for
ddletence, between the people of the two sec
tions. I did so in language which I cannot im
prove, and, which, therefore, I beg leave to re
peat: "One section of our country believe slavery i
rijfit, and ought to he extended, while the other
believe it is wrong, and ought not to be extend
ed. This is the only substantial dispute. The
fugitive slave daue of the Contitution, und the
law tor the suppression of the foreign slave trade,
ute each a well enforced, perlnp a any law
can ever be iu a community wheic the moral
sense of tlie people iuq ! lectly su ports the law
it.-e!f. The great Unlv ot the pciple abide by the
diy legal obligiiion inbotli c.es, and a few break
over in ejcb. '1 hi. I think, cannot be perfectly
cured; ubd ll would te worse in both ctes after
the separation of the sections, than before. The
foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppressed,
would be ultimately revived will.oul restriction i.i
one section; w bile fugitive slaves, now only par
tially surrendered, would not be surrendered at
all by the other.
THE NLXJRO AGAIN DIVIDING LIKES DIS
CUSSED. 'Physically speaking, wo cannot separate.
Wc cannot remove our rcctivc sections from
each oihoi'.nor Luil I an impassable wall between
them. A husband and wife may bo divorced,
and go out of the presence and beyond the
reach of each other; hut the ditFercnt part of our
country cannot do this. They cannot but remain
face to face; and intercourse, cither amicable or
hostile, mut continue between thcra. Is it
t.n,to make that intercourse more advan-
, or more satisfactory, after separation
furrf Can alien make treaties eaicr than
can make laws! Can trea ie le more
faithfnllr enforced ltwccn aliens than laws can
among friends? Supjs.se you go to war, vou
cannot fight alwav s: and when, after much loss
on both ides, and no gain on eiiher, yon ccae
fighting, the identical old question, as to terms
of intercourse, are again upon you."
There is no line, straight or crooked, (titrable
for a national boundary, ujon which to divide.
Trace through, from cast to west, ujon the line
between the free and slave i-ouritrv, and we (hall
find a little more than one-third of it length are
rivers, cay to I crossed, and topir!a:ed,or soon
t .... 1 ...
: to be !otinlatsl t!ii Llv nt.n Kti !!. white
I ? -II .
i mcit att in remaining icngiu are ciereiv mr-
j veyor' line, over which people may walk back
1 and forth without any tnnciounc of their
! presence. No purt of thi line cun tw mile .nv
j more di."hcult to pa.s by writing it down on pa-
ur prehmnt. a matioaaj Wuodar). TUUihimm f tU alav tatea, th am um
fact of separation, if it comes, giye up, on the
art of the seceding 'ecu n, t:.c fugitive slave
clause, along with all other contLu i.nal obli
gation u on t ie M-ctii n ?e cdcil fiom. w hilo I
should ex:2ct no treaty sti:-u!a;ion would ever
be ma!c to fake its dace.
Ua: there i anotb-.r hrinnltv. The great in
terior region, b.undcd tat bv the .Mlcgl.anic,
r.ort:i bv the li.iii-h dominions, wi-r-t by the
Kockcv Mountains, and south bv the line along
which the culture of com and coiton meet, and
which include part of Virginia. art of Tennes
see, all o Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan,
Wiconin, Illinois, Miouti, Kana, Iowa,
Mianescta, and tlie Terrirorie of Dakota, Ne
braska, and part of Colorado, already has alove
ten million of pei plc, and will have tifty mil
lion within fiftv vcars. if not prevented by any
politi -al folly or mistake. It contains more than
one third of the country owned by the Uni;cd
States certainly more than one million of
square miles. One half a ttopuloa as Massa
chusetts already U, it would hare more than sct-enty-fiye
millions of people. A glance at the
map (hows that, territorially speaking, it is the
great body of the Republic. The other parts
are but marginal borders to it, ihe magnificent
region sloping west from the Rocky Mountains
to the Pacific, being the decjt, and also the
richet in undeveloped resources. In the pro
duction of provisions, grain, grasses, and all
which proceed from them, this great interior re
gion i naturally one of the most imjortant in
the world. Ascertain from the statistics the
small proportion of the region which has, a ycr",
been brought into cultivation, and also the Urge
and rapidly increasing amount of it prodncts,
and we shall bo overwhelmed with the magni
tude of the prospect presented. And yet this
region ha no sea-coast, touchc no ocean any
where. A part ot one nation, its copIe now
find, and may forever find, their way to Europe
by New York, to South America and Africa by
New Orleans, and to Asia hv San Francisco.
But separate our common country into two na
tion, as designed by the present rdiellion, and
every man of thi great interior region is thereby
cut öflf from om.' one or more of these outlets,
not, jk rhaps, by a phy.ical barrier, but by em
barrassing and oncrou trade regulation.
And Ho i true, trhererrr a dividing or noun
darv line m;iv be fixed Place it between the
now free and l ive country, or place it south ot
Kentucky, or uortb of Ohio, and still the truth re
mains, th.it none suuth of it can trade to any port
or place north of it. and none north of ii can
trade to any part or place south of it, except by a
Government foeign to them These outlet,
e ist. west, north ami south, at e indispensable to
the well-being of the eople inhabiting, and to
inh ibit, this vast interior region. H'AiVA of the
thtee maybe be-t i no pr.-per quesli n. All
:ue better than either; und all.ot right, belong to
that people, and to their successors foiever.
True lo themselves, they will not ask where
line of sepiration shall be, but will vow, rath r,
that there shall be no such line Nor are the
m iriiial region less intern-ted in these commu
nications to, and through them, to tlie great-out
side world. They too, and each of them, mu-t
have aece to this Egypt of the West, without
paying toll at the crossing of any national boun
dary .
Our national strife springs not from our per
manent part; not from the land we inhabit; not
from our national homestead. 'I here is no po.
sib'e severing of thi. but would multiply, and not
m. tigate. evils among us In all it adaptations
and aptitude-, it demands union, and abhors sen
anlioii Infact.it would, ere long, force re
union, however much of blood and treasure the
separation might have cost.
Our stiile pertain tooiir.-elves to the pissing
generations ol men; and it can, without convul
sion, be hushed forever with the pissing of one
generation.
In this view, I recommend the adoption of the
lo1 lowing resolution and article amendatory to
the Constitution of the United Stite:
CONSTITUTIONAL AMtMiMKM IN BKI1ALV OF THE
NlGICO.
RfHolcrtl Inj the Stn-ttf awl II,me-fII renft ttirm
of the I'nttnl .V itft f Awrint hi Ct-njrn ihrril lrl,
(iwo-th rii f t'oili Lous-s c'iiri;ri in. 1 h -it t "f'liw
i:i articli's hv propped to th L-iUture. (nr conv n
tioiis) f the sever I St jt- a ainemlniriits totbe dnsti
Intimi of tbe Unite 1 Stuti' ail or any f wlccli articles,
w hen rat :H-U ly llirce-f.iuitlis f U- id Ieftlslitur8
(r convention lu he valid as p.u t or parts vf ti t aiti
I" .i.--'utuii;
"r:au . Fery State, wherein slavery now er't,
wa r1, ail aV!ih th- nPm tl-erein, at autlire, cr
;,..,,.! 'c iut i rt "iv f J oi i . die ear f o ir
1 - ' ' a '- in 1 : ii i ii ; . '". n II reo-! r r. -.H
on frin. t'at I i s". o-s s n.M.", to wlM
I I itIKmh m--. I t,Uft -ball d.'lMfJ
I' .T. s,, U Sta c, o i! " i ti.nu : es, t.eitrtiia ia
. . i . I it' nil' j;' r ( ( i i. mv, .) ii.i. lu ; MniH'nt
r(,jl totbe ctr--g.t?ff s,.n ul i..f .. :ii nli, KiiWwn
t have tK'en Ii r in, I y t!i i h . if th"
Mates, snl l.niid le he ilelivrrt-u l : . Stat- bv iiirlal-
ment", t ia mi? parcel, at die cumnMimi of tbe abolish
ment, a' cordnigly s ihe sxme rhull Lave been i;ra lual,
.r at cue time, widiin such Stafe; nroi interest shall be
gin to run upon any uch botul, only from the proper
time f it .n iJi I very. as :iforesa l Any State haiiiir re
reive! iimiilsa aforesaiil, and afterward ie-iurro:!ucing
ir tolerating sla.cy ther in, hhall refuiid to th- I'niteii
St.itestlte hori.la m received, or the v.due thereof, an 1
all inter. ot paid thereon.
' Aktici.k . 11 slaves who shall have enjoyed actual
f.eeduin ly Lo cbuice of ihe war, ai auv lime lie fore
the end of the r'l'U nn, shull be lorever free; hut nil owii
et 5 of mich who shad not have been ili-fisul, hall tw
coiiipeii-ftted for tlictn at ibe same r te i provided
f"T Mites ad 'ptiCK a' ;iii.-hment of hlavery, hut in fuch
way that no j-lrtve shall he twice accounted for.
"Anna. . Coiure. m iv appropriate m- ney, and
oihe wise provid' , ur colonizing free colored -rson.
w iih their own c iist-nt, at any pl.ee or places without
th- United States."
TUE NKOKO ISsfE ELl'CIP ATEI) ONCE MORE.
I beg indulgence to distn tbese tiroposed ar-
ticlei at some length Without slaverv the re (
hellion could never bave existed; wit bout sl.ivery
it cou'd not continue.
Among the friends of the Union there i greit
diversity of sentiment mid of policy in reüaro to
slavery and the African race among u. Some
would perpetuite slivery: some would abol li it j
suddenly, and without compensation; some would 1
uboli.sb it gruJiMilv, and with com.K' i ition ;
ome would remove the freed people from us.
and some would retain tbem with n-; ami there!
are vet other minor diversities llecauseof thee
diver.sities we wate much trenutll in slrugle j
among out-elves Hv tuutuil concession we
hhould ti.iimonize and act together. This wnuld
be com; lorni-e. but ii would be compromi.se!
anions the fiiend. and not with tb eniiiie. j
of the Uni i: These article are intended to j
embody . i plan of .mich mutu il concesion. Ifj
the plin shall lie adoptitl, it i nssunuil tint'
em iti' ipitioii will follow, at le.ist in several ol
:he Scoe :
A to the first article tbe m lin tioinH are,
first, the em uicipition; .secondly, the length of;
time f't coiiiimiiiatiii it thirty seven vear;
und thirdly, the comiietis.tiioo !
MOBE ABOUT CONir-ENSATtP I M I C1 PATION . j
The em uieipatiou b ll will be un itisf u-tory to i
the advocate of erpetual sluecy; but the lengtii j
of time hou'd gieatly mitigate tlieir di-iiislac
lion The lime spire both races from the evils j
of hudden derangement in f ict, from tl.e nece !
ity of any derangement while most of those
whose h ibitti il course of thought w ill he di-tutb- j
ed bv the measure will have pissed uwhv before
it cotisumm a'ioii. They will nexer see it. Ah- !
other cla. will hail the prospect of emancipation, i
but will dej.rec tte the length of time They will j
feel tbat it t;ive too little to tbe now living 1 ve
Hut it really gie them much. It save thetn j
from the varan'. destitution which must largely j
attend immediate ematicip ition iu localities w here
their number are very great; and it give- the in i
spiling assurance ihat their j-tcrity sMI be free
fore tr. Tbe plan leaves to each Sta'e, choosing J
to act under it, t abolish .-liven now, or at the
end ot the ceutuiy, or at any intermediate time,
or !Y deee. eitend'nt; o er the whole of anv ;
part of the period; and il obi ge i-o two State to"
proceed ahke It also piuvi le f-r comj eti i- t
lion, and, generally, tlie ni'le of nuking it j
This, i: wou.d eem, mu-t turtber instigate the
dissatisfaction of those who are to receive the
compensation Doubtles some of those who are
to pay, md not to receive, will object. Vet the
measure is leith just and econotu cl In a eer
tain ene, tbe liberit: -n of lae i the destruc
tion of properly property acquired by de-cnit,
or by purchase, U.e ..nie a any oil er property.
It is no les- true for having lieen often siid, th it
the people d tiie Smth aie nol more responsible
lor the origin il intnelu'-tioti of this rojertj than
are tbe ; eopJe of the North; and when it i re
ruembered liow unbe-itat ngly we all ue cotton
and sugar, and sliare tbe profit of dealing in
them.it my not fe quite sfe to iy that the
S-uih lu teen mote iepoiisib!e than the North
for it continuance. II. tl. en, for common ob
ject, this ropertv i to be icrificed, ii it not jut
that it be done at & common charge?
EASllK. TO PAT A LA tot UX THAN a LAaoLl
ONE.
And if, with les m..i.ey, or money roore easily
paid, we can preserve the benefits of the Unioi.
by this mem than we can b the war alone, i it
not alo ecotiOtnicil to do it? Let u consider it,
h..n. Let u ascertain the utn we h iteeipendei
.1 a
mine w.irsnce coni!nitco eiiiannuition wa
, propose U't Mirch, hd con-i Jer whether, i
th it mea-uie b id been promptly accepted, by
would not hate done more to !oe the wr thn
"""wc i'tir ii so, me meiurc
woiiMi sue in M.ey, 4iu. iu inn v ew. wou.i e a i
tiev esr-irv
comt-ei!atel
eaut.cUMtion. of ,
Cour, ob.il be large. Hut it wouIJ reou.re no '
ready cash, nor the bonds o en. any faster than
. ,
the emancipation progresasi. ybi might not.
and probabiy woulj not, c!o-e before the end ot
the thirty-seven years. At tint time we hall
probably have hundred millions of teot to
naie ine i umeu. is;o oi tr. rtr one million, j
s now. aii i i;ov in y ro. t,ut the increa-e ot
,r i r- " V rxpcciiM . c;.iitii.ue tor a ;
,ong ..u.c- ...c. ...... u,, pitiiy a before.
because our territory will i.ot hive tccouie full
I do not state thi uconsalerately
TIIE INCREASE OF rOPCLATIOX.
At the fame ratio of increase which we have
maintained, on an average, frr.m our first na
tional ctnsus, in 1790, nntil lhat of lseo. we
should, in 1900, have a population of Uvj 208.-
415. And why may we not continue that ratio j
far beyond that pcuod? Our abundant nx m I
onr bnvid national homestead i our ample re- j
source. Wcrc our terri orv a limid a aie the !
British Isles, verve rtainlv our rtnnn'a?i..n -.od 1 I
not expand a statel. Instead of reciiving the
foreign born, a now, we should !c (tiraiKlled to
send an oi ti;e native lorn away. lJut s nch is
not our condition. We have two millions nine
hundred and sixty -three thousand square mic.
Kuroo ha three millions and eight hundred
thousand, with a population averaging fevir.ty
thrvc and one-third jerson to the square mile.
Why may not our couutry, at some time, avcr
age'a many? I it les"fcnilc! Has it moro
waste fntface.hy mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts,
or other causes? 1 it inferior to Europe in any
natural advantage? If, then, we are, at pome
time, to be as pnlou as Enne, bow soon?
A to w hen this may be, we can judge by the past
and the irc( nt; as to when it trill Ik", if ever,
depend much on whether we maintain the
Union. Several of our States are already above
the average of Kuropc seventy-three an i a third
to the square mile. Massachusetts has one hun
dred and fifty-seven; Rhode Mand.one hundred
I.i . .1 . . .
thirty ' three; Connecticnt, run, ty-nine; .New
Aoia umi .u uri'i-, vuni; n'iin. .IhO TO
other great ötate, rennsvivanu and Ohio, are
not far liclow, tlie former having sixty-three and
the latter fiftv-nine. The Stetes already ataiye
the Kuropeaii average, except Xew Yn'k, "nave
increased in & rapid a ratio, since pasing: that
point, a ever !efore; while no one of them i
equal to some other j art of onr country, in na
tura! capacity for sustaining a dcn?e jKipulation.
Taking ihe ii ition in ibe aocregate. and we
find its popul ition and ration of incte tse. for the
several decennial periods, to be as follows:
1790.. :i..Cl.r27
1HKI.. .'.so:.!):?
11).. 7.2.TJ.M4
l.fijs-.l.il
1 ... 12.tl.(!l
1-40. .7.Miy.4.V
lNrt..2:i.l!M.h76
r,d..:n,44,:j(
This shows an
."C lr2 .er et. ratio o increase.
36 4.'
3:t 1.1
3.1 4!1
l 2 G7
?5 7
veraoe decennial increase of
.ToMÜI percent, in population through the seven
ty c ir from our first 'to our I ist census vet
taken It is seen t!i .t the ratio of im rca.-e," at
one of these seven erioi!s-, is eith.er tvo per
ent. hclow, or tw. per cent, aboie. tbe average;
thus showing how inflexible, and. t onsepientlv,
how reliable, the Iiw of inereise in our case i.
Assuming tbat it will continue, gives tbe follow
ing tesiilts:
IfTO 42.333.341
r.r!ir7.2ir
1M'! 7fi,C77.72
i'J! '. lo.vid.Njj;,
I'JIO i:w.si.iJG
im;.!-4.:;,0
U'i 2.l.oSMM4
Thel'e figure show that our country niv bens
populous -.in Kuroj e now is, ;tt .some p.int lie
tween lD'JIand 1 9'l t y hIkmU 1 DJ." our ter
titory. at seventy three and a third person ti
li.c -ijinre r.I'e, being of capacity to contain
ll7.4Mi,0 o .
Ati lwpu ;' t' icIT (his, too, if we do not our
'I.-.,. ,. ; ; i. .t i Ä i... .1 - ii i
r i r uii'.'ru in: in nur o int" IOIIV illKl
s' . .r J...;. , i.. I. ........ l"
f . 1 - rs
.ofii tli vnlv treat element of n a
- -ii. iri ioiiij .iiiii t-ii. i iii iii' n : r
t,',i a' d ,..
rlf nnoiig u. While it cinrint he
hn -tn
M r5Jpsl "t'.y !i iw much one huge x a tuple of
hrecding pser t es indefinitely, would
o1
ret ml p- pulaftoii. c vihz ation n. prospeiiiv. no
on can douht that the extentofit would be very
gie it and injinio'is
MORE ABOIT TUE NFGRO
The proMisei em n.ciii .ti-oi would shorten the
war, perpeln ile peace, insure ibis increase of mp
ul ition. ml pto;.t lion iteli tbe wedib ol tbe
country. With there, we should piy all that
emancipation would cot. together with our other
debt, easier than we should pay our other debt
without it. If we h id allowel our old national
debt to run at .-ix per cent tr annum, simple in
terest, from the end ot our revolutionary struggle
until to day, without paying anything on either
principal or inteie-t, each man of us would owe
lesiin.n that del. l now than each in mowed upon
it then; mid this becau-e our iucreie of men.
through the whole neriod. ha been greater lb m
six per cent ; h i run l ister rhiii tl.e interest upon
the liebt. Thus, time alone, it lie es a debtor in-
t:on. .so long a the population inctctse faster
thin unpaid intnet accumulate on it debt.
Thi t n t would he no excuse fordelaviii" rar
ment of what isjti-tlv due; but it ibow athe great
linjMii tance of tunc iu thi. conuection thereit
Advantage of a policy by which we shall not have
to pay until w e nu tuler a hundred millions, what,
by a dilVeietit policy, we would hue to piv now.
w I. en we numiier but thirty o..e million.. In a
word, it show that i dollar will lie barder In pay
for the war, than will be a dollar for emancipa
tion on the pioji-red plan. And then tbe laiier
wil! cost it" I.'o kI. no pi c ions lile It will te a
sav ing of both.
AUOLiriON IN ANoTHf R AsriXT.
As to tiie aecoud iiticle, I think it would be
impr it tieable to return to bondage that tls of
peison therein coiiteinobited Sime of them,
douhtles. in the pi o city hene, belong to loval
owior, .ind hi'iice, provisi-m i made iu this
at tide I or coni;.eiisa: ing such.
COLONIZ ATION TIIE Kl'TL RE of THE rar.ED NI 0R0
Thetii'nl aiiicle leiaies to the future of the
iteed jaiipic It doc- not oblige, but merely au
ihoi'Ze-, Ooiigies! to aid iu c oloniz ng such a.
uny consent. Tl. i ought not to he reg a ideal a
olije liin.ih!e, on the oi.e hand or on tiie other, in
mi much a it come to nothing, unless by the
mutual ci'iisiut ol tbe .op!e, to be deported, and
the Aniei lean voters, thiou-h iheir iepreent4
tives in Congress.
1 cannot m ike il better known than it already
is, that I ptrongly t ivor coion.z itiutt. And yet I
wih to say theie is an objection urged against
flee col ored person remaining in the country,
which is largely imaginary, it not fcometimes mi-
l.lioUi.
Iiis iusisicdtb.it their presence would injure,
ainldisi l.ee white labor and w Inte laborers, ll
there ever could te a pioier tinie lor mere catch
arguments, that time smeiv i- not now. In tune
like ihe .resent, men should utter nothing for
which they woulo not w illingl v be responsible
through Mne and in etetnitv. It il true, then,
that coioied fop!e can di-place an more white
labor, hy being liee, th in hy lemaixnng tlaves?
Il they Play in their oid places, they pjt!e no
wi.ite Ui.iets; if they leave iheir old places,
tl.ey letv e tbem open lo white Uboier. Logi
cally, thete is neither umre nor lesa of it Eman
cipation, even without deportation, would prob
ably euhnce the wagcot whitelabvr. and, very
siiiely, would not reduce them. Thu, the cu
toiuary am unit ol laUir would stiil have lo be
perloimci; the fuel people would purely not do
more thin their old pnpoi tion of il, and verj
probably, for a time, would do les. leaving au in
creiscd prt to white laborers, bringing th;r
labor into greiter lietuand, ami. consequently.
eniiincmg the w-e of it. H n h depot IhIioii.
even to a iim;ttd extent. etihancel wage to
white labor i m ithetn iticMiIy certain. Libor i
like any other commodity in the oiatket in
crease trie demand lor il, and vou increase tbe
price of it. Heduce the furply of black Uior,
by eooiKz:nr the black lalret out of the coun
try, ainQtt pieii-elv m much, you iticteas the
demand for, and wage of, white labor
Hut it is dreaded that the freed people will
warm forth and cover the whole land! Are
thev not already in the land Will liberation
moke thcra any more nunnTou? Usually di
trihuted among "tiie whites of the whole country,
and there would be but one colored to acven w Lite.
Coal 1 the one, in any way, greatly ditorh the
heven ? Thcie arc many communitv now havihg
more than one fiee colored erson toteren whiles,
an l th'n, without any an;irvnt consciuu nc of
evil fruin it. The DUtrict of Colaiubia, and tbe
kuio d Marybuul anj Dwlaw ana, ar all ia
pru. e ...i aiu.-o..onoci, i.-e.-ure te t,mi, it i , never presented tl.epc-ince cf fne roared rr
l, .(.so e -.y to p.v iy ,.t to pay no.' ; .ot.s a in-of t gri Ta,f. a' m,r ,r.nll
ty; but it i e.s;rr to piy a Ur.je sum ihm it is cmv.cipation m oth. nd the f.red iWlc n.rih
to ,,., , Urr one An . it i- e., er to p,v any people, of any ccIt. ttWum mn.ur.lc t-Vrebe
M,n, wir we aie .be ih.n u t p.,v ,t L.ßre , something to i un f. era. II. ,et.f re rtdoiHpeorle
we ne ,b e 1 he wnr ir. ie l'e ...m. ai d to somcM xtent. have tied n nh (a m bondage!
reuures tbetu at oi ce The aggieg de sum and now. Krhons. fo.rn b-th .. m-A
i or
Tbe District has mor- than on
lice colored to nx whi:e; and vet. in its
fre
La
qnnt peu:on to Oongrrs, I Uli-rr
tntion. Itnt if rrj!ni! mt,!- . i j...
ration be adontrd. ther will .;a..
i - u liiV i iu atw
from. Their oll matcr will piT? thrm wage.
at lcat until new laborer can be pnxurtd ; and
the freed men. in tum. will gladly prre their la
ot for the wages, till new home can be fotini
for them, ia congenial clime, and with reo pie of
their own blood and race.
ou and race. ilu pro;oi:ion can
on the mutual ineret inTolved.
t,t.t
Anj, in anr evcntt ran not thv. conh defi Je for
Iriclf uLether to receive them!
Agaiu, prsctice ruie rooie than theory, ia
any case, ha iheie been ny irruption of eoiored
fsfiple iKirthwrd, t-ecue ol the abolishment of
slavery in this D.atrict. lat rir. ?
What I have said of the proporti -n of free col
ored person to tbe white, in the D'.str'et, i from
the censu of l?60t hiving no releret.ee t. per-
on called contrbnd. nor to tho- made Irew
b- lh lcl Corgre abolishing Vaiery therw
l',4n Csi.nting of the-e artivle i re
co,,,n'n!is,, ,M,i ,,ul ln,t re-torai:oti of the
!l1,!W,al "tbonty would be acerrttsi without
j auopwoii.
Tilt IMANCIFATIOX PtK LAM AT10X At-lllltD TO.
Xor will the wr, imr pr'Me-l nc under thw
proelartation of September 22, l?r2, I tt-tyed
because ot the recoraniendatiou of tin plan. Its
timely adoption, I doubt not, would bring restora
tion, and thereby tay IhUi.
And. notwithstanding thi plan, the rectm
mendation that Copgre provide by hw f.r eom
pt'ii!atiiig any State which miv ad";t enniicipa
tioli, before lhi n h.ill have been ted uj-.n.
is beictiy earnestly renewed. Such would be
oidy an advance part of ihe plan, and thesime
arguments apply to both.
THE KOOMlCAL AsrtCTOf I MAXOIf ATlJ.
Thia pi. li i lei oiii uien.levl as t mein, not In
exjlusion of. but nd:i ional to, ail oil. et lor re
stoiing and rescuing the nitoiial authority'
throiiglmiit the Union. The uhject i TtTeiited
ei.cluclusielv in it fM.n.nical as'-ect Tbe
1 1 ! j Ii Wiiidil I i nt ..j K.'.! .. - ...
".., .mi viiuii uu., set i.i c ia; cc more
. ree,l.!y . and maintain ,t more tmanetitlv. than
i c,tl done t
v lone alone: while all it would
cost, considering amount, and romi.tr of par
ment, und times of pi yment, won'.d be eier p-od
than will be tbe additional col of the war. if we
i tli solely upon force It is much very uiu.h
thai it would cost no blood I all.
Tbe plrtii i- propoed a? permanent constitu
tional law. It cannot l-come such without the
com unence of. tiist. two U.inls of l!ongress. and
afterward., thtee-lourtb ul the States. Th
icjuisite tiiree-lotirths of t tie Stie will nce4
fanly include seven or the Uvr ?5atri Their
coiicuricnce. if obtiine-d, will g'ue hv-uraiice of
their sever ally adopting em innoition. at iu verv
distant d iy . u; on ibe iiew constitutional terms.
I his assuniiuc would end the struggle now. and
a.we the Union foiever
I do not forget tbe gravity which should char
acterize a paper addre-l to the Congress of the
Nation, by the Chiel M gisirate of the Nation.
Nor do I forget tbut none of you are my senior,
nor tint many of you have more experience than
I, in tbe conduct of public affiiis Vet 1 trust
that in view of tbe treit resjionslbilitj retiig
upon me, you will jrceive no want of respect to
yourelve, in any undue earnest uei I mayreen-
to displ iy.
coxiri.AToat iMANcirATiN again raoii.
Is it douhred, lbfii.th.it tbe plan I propose, if
adopted, ou'd horten the wr, and thus lessen
it expenditure of money and of Mood? I it
doubted that it would restore the Nation 1 au
thority anil National prosperity, and perpetuate
tnth indefinitely f xIit douhtevf that wehere -Conjrress
ami Executiie can secure ita adop
tion? Will not ihe good people respond toa
unitetl aud eame-t apikal from uh? Can we. can
they, by any other means, ao ertinlv, or Q
-ptctlily, assure these vital ol ject? We can suc
ceed only bv concert. It i not, "can any of ua
imagine lieiter?" but. "can we all do better?
Object whatsoever i possible, fdill tlie question
recurs, "can w e do better?" The dogma of th
pret past arc iiiadcijuate to the stormy piesent.
The m-e.ision i r.i I ev I hih with difficulty, and e
niut rie with the easn,ti A our case t imw.
hi we must tf ink m.ew. and net anew.
must disenthrall oiirrc! ve. und then we hall
ive the country.
PERORATION M0RR AHOCT THE yZOBO.
Fellow-t it izens, we cannot ecapc historr. We,
of thi Congress and thi Administration, will
tc remembered in spite of ourselves. No per
sonal fignilicancc, or infiimificancc, can pare
on" or another of u. The fiery trial through
which we pas, will light u down, in honor or
dishonor, to the latest generation. We iay we
arc for tlie Union. The world will not forget
that wc say this. We know how to aave the
Union. The world knows we do know how to
fare it. Wc even wc here hold the power,
and lcar tlie responsibility. In giving freedom
to the fdayc, wc assure freedom to the free hon
orable alike in what we give, and what wo pre
serve. We shall nobly save or meanly lose the
last, bct hope of eartfi. Other mean"may mc
cccd; tliis couM not fail. The way U "plain,
peaceful, gencrou, jut a way which, if follow
ed, the tvorM will forever applaud", and God must
forever hless.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Deccmhcr 1, 1SC2.
AMUSEMENTS.
3IETR0P0LIT1X IÜLL.
WEDNESDAY EVKNIN. DEC 4. lcC2.
i.A.vr .Mi.iFFniiT two
Of tbe talenti d and versatile actre.
Miss Sallie St. Clair,
I irst nicht td tbe Tanl romantic Ktmi f
The Wiaord SZsitI,
Whb new eenrrjr, rss beautiful muiic, 4e.
To cm cluie with
THE HOI Uli fls.T0.fl.
To-norrow riljcbt nn fit Mi t. CTalr.
PKICE5 OF AliMlVIOJC.
Ire Circle ar.t raruvie
IjiiIv and l-nil mail
" Farh ad litionat lly
fil try
...... fc crnta.
7S "
24 "
.... 1 "
t 00
Xf&m y insl sat miM in Private llnxe.
gidj lMr ojx-n at 7 oc!:k Prrt'-rtnance con.m ta-ea
at 7.',.
cnocEns.
MMt (L rri(kvr.
iliri at. CAtUTCS.
ONBORNR & CIRLETOX
rwt VraalilwcUn Mtreet.
(0 p-At the SlV Houe,)
GROCEKS.
Bitte n. r.r.r., lvt.d, i-r.r..SED fowls, iCf
alwiv'?! harMi. Tfie biilet prtc Tat4 for lT
duce. Hid. Pelt, and Kaz. Arri-'tt 41y
DRY COOPS.
ö
Q
tn
I
to
tf
v.
-t
r5
s
9,
H .
. 1
H
A-
thi condition
If