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THOSE WHO THINK THERE THESE SPLENDID GOLD i.i , i. n m'" r amw,IIIBII"M,IIIM,,lM 1,111 J EIRX)'S-ETE VIEW OF THE 3T.V5a3ST MINES. Bk In the centre of the island3 the Philippines are rich in ores, and, on beholding them, one does not wonder that the Spr.nish were sorry to let the islands go. Many of the mines have been well worked and the ma chinery, while it in no respect com pares to that of the famous De Been mines. Is modern and dofts the work; necessary to extensive mining opera tions. Since the war broke out the mmea have not been developed, but lie in all their richness waiting for come one to come and work them. Companies are being formed to go to the Philippine gold fields, and it is not improbable that they will soon be regarded as another Klondike, which will belong, 'beyond dispute to Uncle Bam, and which can be nicely and comfortably worked without the hardships attendant upon mining in Alaska. BOME OF THE PICTURESQUE CHINA AGAINST THE WORLD. How the Fighting of the Celestial Kingdom Compares With the Com bined Forces of the .Nations. The idea of China's setting out to battle with and subdue the combined forces of the civilized nations of the world would be ridiculous if it were not so pathetic. Never before has the self-confidence of a nation been so conspicuously displayed; and the spectacle of the Em press, who was once a slave girl, boldly defying the world, is one that will not soon be forgotten. Of course it is true that up to a few years ago the Chinese people looked up on their nation as invincible. To most nations the war with Japan would have been a lesson; to most nations the af fectionate regard of such powers as Russia, Germany and England would have been a warning to circumspection; but from appearances it would seem that Chiua has neither learned the lesson nor understood the warning. It is not so strange that ignorance in these matters should be displayed by the common people, but one who imagines that it has been the common people who have been the cause of these dis turbances will have an incorrect view of the Eastern situation. It is the common HER MAJESTY, THE- EMPRESS OF THE ROYAL. 13 NO SUC?H THING AS GOLD MINING IN THE PHILIPPINES SHOULD SEE FIELDS, RICH WITH ORE, AND CAPABLE OP BEING EASILY MINED. SCENES NOW BEING DAILY OPENED PROGRESS INTO THE HEART people who have made the noise. In all probability it will be the common people who will suffer the penalties for all these acta when the day of reckoning arrives; but in spite of all this, the Powers realize that the common people have been no more than the innocent tools of a spiteful and vindictive woman who has been great enough to Beize the reins of a nation, but who baa not yet been great enough to be able to realize her own powerlessness and the insig nificance of her own country. RUSSIA'S PART. Just what part ltussia has played in this diplomatic misunderstanding is a not easily fathomed mystery; just how far she is responsible for the loosening of the dogs of war is a matter that will probably never be known, but the fact remains that Russia's conduct in the case makes but little difference, for even her active support, which would prob ably not be given, could not save China from the dismemberment that her de fiance of the nations makes almost in evitable. To fully understand the position of China as compared with the other nations of the world one must study for a moment the table showing the extent of the land and sea forces of the various countries. According to the late reports, the total fighting fleets of the civilized nations are as follows; Displace Number. ment. Size. Sneed. England .... ISO lTr(iti,7j 8,423 18.5 7,292 17.4 7,070 10.7 France ..... 90 Russia 53 650,2f3 40ti,S53 CHINA, FROM THE PAINTING IN PALACE. TIP TO THE UNITED STATES SOLDIERS AS THEY MAKE THEIR OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Uuited States Italy Germany .... Austria 45 42 2S0,247 23y,OS(5 804,307 6.22.8 7,245 17.2 17.U 17.2 tiu,7yo lti.: When to this list is added Japan, with her tloet of 22 vessels, all of which are better than those of Austria, and some of which are superior to those of Ger many, Great Britain or the United States, oue may obtain a somewhat good idea of what the combined forces of those who oppose the anti-foreiga prin ciples of Chiua would be. In all it would represent a fighting fleet of 487 vessels, with a displacement of not less than 3,725,430. Against this force China would be able to send 22 cruisers. 34 gunboats, 30 torpedo craft, and 6 floating batteries, making a total of 08 vessels, many of which are old, aud all of which, with the exception of some of the torpedo craft, are out of date in almost every respeet. Compared to China's present condition, Spain was a great naval power at the time of the declaration of war with this country, and yet it required but two battles to put her out of business on the seas. "What would happen to China if the combined navies of the world were pitted against her fleet is a matter for interesting conjecture. A WEAK ARMY. It Is not only in naval force, however, that China is woefully lacking. In her army she is almost as deficient. Nom inally she possesses an army of about 1,000,000 men, but actunlly this number does not exceed 300,000. The Eight Banners branches, composed of descend ants of the Manchu eouquerors and their allies, are supposed to number about 300,000 men. but at present their num ber does not exceed 80,000. The Ying Pig, or national army, is ealled also the Green Flags and the Five Camps, five heinjf the nnit of subdivision. This branch of the army consists of eighteen corps, one for each province, under the Governor, or Governor-General. The nominal strength is from &40.000 to 000,000 men, of whom not more than 20),000 are now available for war. The most important contingent-ia the Tien Tsin corps. Besides these forces there are raercen ary troops raised In emergencies, and Mongolian and other cavalry, nominally about 200,000 strong, really about 20,000, but of no military value. The total land army, therefore, now figures at about 300.000, although 1,000,000 might be raised . without very, great trouble. On the other hand, however,; the army as a whole has no unity or cohesion; "there ia no proper discipline; the drill is mere physical exercise; the weapons are long since obsolete, and there is no transport, commissariat or medical service. Of what use would such a force be if marehed against the splendidly drilled and magnificently equipped armies of the other countries? How long would such an army last before the fire of a com bined prmy, the composition of which may be imagined by an examination of tke following table: 'Army 1 In Peace. 800,000 25.00O 585,440 385,697 615.413 363,569 231,355 Army In War. 3,503,000 250,000 3,000,000 1,825,000 2,500,000 525,000 1,203.000 Rubs! United States Germany ...... :m Austria-Hangar; w France Great Britain .... Italy . a THE TORCHLIGHT IS IN ORDER. Interesting History of a Political Argument TUat Will Soon Become Extremely Popular, This is the season of the year when political orators are bnsy getting their arguments in qrder. It is the time when old speeches are drawn out from pigeon holes in which they have rested for four years, and old stories are renovated and brought down to the present timej for it is the time when the spellbinder and the stump speaker are to be turned loose upon the land to explain to the. eager voter why he should vote for this or that candidate, and why a vote cast for the other man means ruin and desolation for the nation. Of all the political arguments that will be advanced during this campaign, how ever, there is none that will touch a more responsive chord in the popular heart than the torchlight parade. It may not mean anything from the point of view of actual common sense, and yet the people have come to look upon these long lines of torch-bearers as one of the most eloquent factors of the campaign. As the result, it is safe to say that it will not be many weeks before the torchlight brigade is out in all its glory, for in a campaign that is to be so bitterly fought such an argument will certainly not be neglected by either party. I Political campaigning in this country has been a growth which has a more or : less interesting history, for in the earlier days of the Republic there were no at tempts made to resort to spectacular or otherwise sensational arguments in the seasons of Presidential elections. In fact, the first nominations were made by members of Congress and other prominent citizens at the national cap ital, aud the nation- was nearly half a century old before the first political con vention was hold. Even at that time, however, the demonstrations of the people were dignified and circumspect as compared to those ef to-day, and it was not until 1840, in the great campaign of "Tippecanoe and Tyler, too," that pop ular feeling in the country was to any I A yiEW OF THE PEOPLE WHO ; - t ' p"i'jT': ' Jul l OMfe ?' ' " fepss?! II if 0fitll M tell m iAapSHIi mW great extent aroused. As a campaign, that of 1840 was one of the most exciting in tha history of the country. From oue end of the United States to the other the people thought of nothing but politics, and there was no end of public meetings and other demon strations in the interests of the can didates. This campaign of log cabins and. hard cider seems to have absorbed all the popular effervescence, however, for it was not until twenty years had passed that there was another noisy campaign in behalf of candidates. This was the campaign that followed the nomination of Lincoln, in 1S6'. In the South, of course, Lincoln was not well thought of, and there were a few sections in the East where he was not popular, but generally throughout the North and West the enthusiasm for biro was great. Huge political .parades, with log cabin and rail-splitting accompani ments, wpre the order of the day and night. Seldom, -if ever, has more interest been pianifested by the people. But the one great event that makes this cam paign memorable is that it was ftie occas ion for the first appearance of the torch bearing brigade. The torchlight parade wi the result of a bright thought on the part of a few political youths in Hartford, Conn. In February, 1SG0, Cassiua M. Clay visjted that city, and on that occasion the organization known as the Wide Awakes inaugurated what has since be come the most popular feature of all campaigns. It consisted of the adoption of half-uniforms, each member of the marching club carrying a torch, and the effect of this innovation proved to be exhilarating to a degree that can scarcely be appreciated at this time. After the first appearance of the Wide Awakes in this way the idea spread all over the country, and there was scarcely a town or village of importance where clubs of Wide Awakes were not formed, and these torchbearers were in the great est demand at every political demon stration, THE WIDE AWAKES. A writer of those days has left an account of the first parade of the Hart ford Wide Awakes, and this gives some idea of the manner- in which the unique feature was received. He says: "The scene at this moment was one of great beauty and interest. The dark thunder cloud had passed eastward and was lighted up occasionally by gleams of lightning, forming a little background to the scene. The streets were crowded by shouting and excited people; thousands of torches made the line brilliant from one end to the other, and the march was as steady as that of regular infantry. "As the line advanced, cheer after cheer arose, bands played, cannons were fired and artificial fireworks added beauty to the novel scene." Such was the first torchlight parade recorded in history. The uniform of the W7ide Awakes in 1800 consisted of oilcloth cape, a military cap, and each member carried an ordin ary petroleum torch over his left shoul der. At first it was intended to have the capes of muslin, but as the torches were extremely crude affairs the burning oil was continually dropping from them, and this would have quickly set fire to such flimsy material as muslin. WThiIe the uniform of the private of the line was simple enough, that of the officer was more elaborate, consisting of an Inverness mantle, an overcoat with cape of enamel cloth and glassed hat. It is probable that we shall never know the name of the man in whose brain this idea first developed, and the fact is certainly one to be regretted, for it would be but just reward to him if his name could be sent thundering down the ages in the pages of history. Of all the campaign innovations, there have been none that have been more spectacu lar or sensational. Nothing that has been responsible for so much genuine enthus iasm. Ever since the night of the first torch light parade, therefore, they have been marked features of the Presidential can vass. From time to time improvements have been made, more attractive ilium- nations have been selected or more ex pensive uniforms procured, but the pa rades have been torchlight parades for U that, and nothing can take from Hartford the credit of having invented and first produced this novelty. ARE JUST AT PRESENT THE CENTRE OF INTERNATIONAL INTEREST, . WHICH ARE NQW MAXXE) FAMOUS AT THE SEAT OF WAR, DIAMONDS HADE TO ORDER NOW. A French Scientist Claims to Be Able to Duplicate This Wonderful feat of Xature Where sliall we get our diamonds now that the supply from South Africa is cut off, is a question that has been asked ever since the day when rumors of the impending trouble between Great Brit ain aud the Transvaal began to take de finite form. At first it was thought that the dia mond merchants would have to depend upon Australia, or, perhaps, Siberia to furnish the gems that are so much in de mand, but M. Moissan, an emiuent French chemist, furnishes a more simple answer to the1 query. "Give me a few months for experiment," he says, "and. so far as diamonds are concerned, the war may go on forever. From my . lab oratory I will bring diamonds equal to any that the mines of Africa can pro-' duce." Naturally such an assertion as this, coming from such a source, has caused no end of comment in the scientific world. That SI. Moissan is confident that he will be able to make good all his promises, however, is shown by the fact that he has gone before the French Acad emy of Science and has not only placed his decluraious on record, but has even gone so far as to explain the methods by which he expects to produce this marvel, r In explaining his process M. Moissan states that he has long realized that the only thing that was wanted to transform worthless carbon... into precious stones was intense heat and tremendous pres sure. For years he has been experi menting along these lines, and has at tributed all his failures to the fact that he, has been unable to obtain a sufficient degree of heat or a pressure sufficiently powerful. In fact, the highest degree of heat which he could obtain was 1 00 degrees O., and this was clearly insuUi cient. WONDERFUL APPARATUS. In order to overcome this obstacle hn invented the wonderful apparatus, the illustration of which is shown. In the middle of the strong iron framework, M. H., tie enclosed a tube, P, containing gunpowder, and, in the lower part, a sort of projectile or bullet, B, to which was attached a small piece of carbon E. This carbon was raised to an enor mous temperature by means of a power ful are formed between the two poles C. and A., and when he judged that the temperature was sufficient, Professor Moissan fired the gunpowder by a plati num wire, which the electric current brought to a white heat at the proper moment. The bullet was tlius projected violently against the piece of carbon and the requisite pressure exerted. Again and again M, Moissan experi mented with his strange machine, and at last he was so successful that he in vited several of his fellow members of the Institute to visit him in his labora tory. There another experiment was made in their presence and when the apparatus was opened they were amazed at the result. Where there had pre viously been nothing more than a piece of carbon there was now a, dust, or mass of small particles, each of which had all the characteristics of the natural dia mond. They would cut natural dia monds, and, what was a still greater test, they would vanish into air at a certain degree of heat. They were dia monds, there could be no question about that. They were small, too small to be of value from a commercial point of view but, nevertheless, they were dia monds. To describe in detail the oven in. which M. Moissan has accomplished such remarkable results would be te dious and the description would be meaningless to one not versed in this branch of science. " It may be said, how ever, that it is formed of two blocks of limestone, which fit exactly, one on top of the otier. Both blocks are hollowed out in the center in such a way as to leave a cavity when fitted together. In this cavity is the charcoal crucible in which lies the piece of carbon that is to be subjected to the heat pressure. A BEAUTIFUL PROCESS. The reason for the use of this kind of limestone is that it -is the best non conductor known to science. At the time that the electrical current is turned on, huge white flames burst out from the oven on either side and it is not diffi cult to believe the assertion of the in ventor when he calmly states that the temperature is ranging somewhere be tween 4.000 and 5,000 degree. In spite of all this, however, the ont ward appearance ef the ovea would not indicate that the heat contained within was more than ordinary. In fact, it is possible to lay the hand on top of the oven without any grea unpleasantness, but it is known that within the appara tus the charcoal crucible is a mass of al most incalculable heat. Tbii is kept up for two or three min utes and then, suddenly, the projectile is fired. It remains then only for the oven to cool sufficiently to enable the inventor to remove the crucible and the work has been done. 'is' r THE WONDERFUL APPARATUS BY WHICH DIAMONDS ARB MADE TO ORDER. M. Moissan is one of the most eminent inventive chemists in Europe, but he Is a man who does not work for profit. He realizes, of course, that his invention may be put to financial profit, but he has no commercial interest in the matter. All he desires to do is to establish the fact that man by artificial means may con tend in the production of the rarest and richest products of Nature's laboratory, and when he has accomplished this he will be satisfied. Moreover, M. Moissan is modest, with the modesty of the true savant. He does not declare that he will immediately produce diamonds in his oven that will be able to rank by the side of the Koh-i-Noor, or the other well known stones that are worth . two or three ordinary fortunes. In a recent interview he said: "With the tremeudous forces at her dis posal. Nature has been able to produce as the largest diamond known, a stone not much bigger than a pigeon's egg. I hardly think that we can compete with her in this field, though we do work with exactly the same methods that she does." In spite of this, however, he is confi dent that he is on the verge of per fecting his discovery, and that it will not be long before he is able to produce a diamond that will be worthy to be placed side by side with gems from the mines, and he believes that his diamond will not suffer by the comparison. Now that he has made the first success the rest is not as difficult as the novic might imag ine and. if his experiments do not prove him entirely wrong in theory, it will not be long before he can so regulate the action of his oven that the diamonds produced will be of soma size rather than infinitesimal particles. AND SOME OE THE STRUCTURES - - A 1 1 I - ' ' 1