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L. PHOTOGRAPH. TAKEN ESPECIALLY FOR THIS NEWSPAPER, SHOWING YALE'S CRACK ELEVEN MAKING THE MOST BRILLIANT PLAY OP FOOTBALL SEASON. THIS
HAS PUZZLED ALL THE TEAMS WITH WHICH THE NEW HAVEN MEN HAVE PLAYED
TEING PICTURES
The Latest Achievements of Science
tronomical Problem to
By W. B.
To pnotoeTaph and map out the en
tire heavensto search. with the cam
era, the profoundest depths of space--
to bring" to light all the heavenly bod
ies far beyond the vision of the most
powerful telescopeto tabulate and
catalogue millions of starsis the stu
pendous task which the International
Astrographic Congress set itself to Per
form when It convened in Paris. April
1;, 'SST.
The work of lapis congress is nearly
completed, and already sections of
the star charts are being printed and
vent to the eighteen different observe,-
tories interested in the undertaking.
Mapping the entire heavens will
prove an epoch-making enterprise. Fu
ture generations will chronicle the
achievement as one of the greatest of
this century, and each astronomer aid
ing the work will hold a charter to
f am e.
fame,. and season have rendered nec
,
, the spending of a number of yea
, Wolf's great map of the PI
whereon but 671 stars are show'
I 1 many years of the closest vist
.,.
,,,,,,,,-..'". -,m-t. servation to complete. To-dal
- oi,.-'-:. ..-,r' tography, in an hour's exposure,
1,421 stars of the same group, fl
t ;..:,,'Ç:r 1 '::-. ."71.::::-,,, ing accurate data for calculatio
, -
, attainable by visual means.
, I :1r - 173-z ''-'";
,-o - v ,;-,- scopic observations during eclipl
ir , ' !$.i, vl ,,c1' ,- nOW subordinate to photograph
-,,,' 7,1,. 1:1--'-.. --,.,.,,,,,,,,.. ' I ords. Rapidly changing objects
4, heavensobjects too fleeting to
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..TIM FAMOUS YERKES 0I3SEBVATORY, WHERE SOME MARVELLOUS
FEATS IN ASTRONOMY PIAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHED.
Fifty-five delegates, representing the
fifteen most enlightened nations, de
lioerated for nine days in Paris in
deciling to make the great star
tnap, and eighteen observatories were
appointed to do the work. The meet
ing. was the result of a suggestion
made on June 4, 18S6, by Dr. Gill, of
, the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good
Hope. It was fitting that Dr. Gill
should originate the work, for it was
front his famous photograph of the
comet of 1S-52 that astronomers the
world over turned their attention in
the first instance to star photography.
AN AMAZING WORN
The new star map is an amazing
-
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,
THOMAS WALSH, TIIM COLORA-DO MILLIONAIRE, WHO ENJOYS
THE UNIQUE DISTINCTION OF BEING PARTNER IN BUSINESS
4TD KING LEOPOLD OF BELGIUM. HE IS RE1PUTED TO
- , iiAVE AN ANNUAL INCOME OF $1,200,000 AND
LS A G-RtAT PHILANTHROPIST.
OF THE HEAVENS.
Have Reduced a Thousand-Year As
a Matter of One Nights
work. The patchwork of photographS
i will cover an immense globe ha ving- a
diameter of twenty-four feet. During
the work 44,000 photographs will be
taken, and a catalogue of 2,500,000 stars
will be made. Each Photograph, to
avoid errors, will be duplicated. Al
together more than 30,000,000 stars will
be photographed.
Previous to the middle of this cen
tury such a, work would have been
considered beyond the bounds of pos
sibility. To tabulate these stars in the
ordinary way would take thousands of
years and the stars themselves WOUld
change their places before the work
could be half finished. It is only
through photography that it can be
done at all. The entire work could be
done in one night, so far as the actual
photographing is concerned, but vary
ing conditions of atmosphere, climate
and season have rendered necessary
the spending of a number of years.
Wolf's great map of the Pleiades,
whereon but 671 stars are shown, took
many years of the closest visual ob
servation to complete. To-day, pho
tograph3r,in an hour's exposure, shows
1,421 stars of the same group, furnish
ing accurate data for calculations un
attainable by visual means. Tele
scopic observations during eclipses are
nOW subordinate to photographic rec
ords. Rapidly changing objects in the
heavens--objects too fleeting to be ob
served by the eye--are caught on the
sensitized plate and stored up for leis
urely study.
The photographic plate is accumula
tive and permanent, whereas the retina
of the eye only retains its impression
for a tenth of a second at the most.
Beyond that effacement and renewal
continually go on.
For ordinary purposes tt Is well that
this is so. Did not our eyes possess the
faculty of obliteration past occur
rences only would be ever before our
vision.
rait for astronomical purposes the
human eye is a thing of the past. The
camera has taken man's place at the
eye end of the telescope. The order
of the stars, the secrets of the sky, un
veil themselves before the patient stare
of the photographic plate. As Her
,schel has said, "the camera. is the re
tina that forgets not." It discerns stars
beyond the range of the best teles
copes. In the atmosphere of Paris the
satellite of NePtune was never seen by
the telescope: every part of its orbit
was measured on a photographic plate.
The lens of the camera is of more
astronomical value than the lens of
the finest telescope. Afore accuracy
obtains in measuring a plate than was
possible in visual measurement. One
five hundred thousandths of an inch
and less on a photographic plate fur
nishes data for accurate star measure
ment; where the telescope will show
but 50,000,000 stars, the sensitized plate
exhibits more than 160,000,000.
Again, owing to the great sensitive
ness of modern plates the images
thrown upon them may be highly mag
nified while the exposure is kept very
short.
Five one-thousandths of a second is
all the time required to photograph a
star of the first magnitude. Stars vis
ible to the naked eye may be photo
graphed in half a, second, those of the
fourteenth magnitude requiring thir
teen minutes. By exposing a plate for
an hour all the stars down to the four
teenth magnitude inclusive will be
marked on the plate, each in propor
tion to its power and the duration of
the exposure.
Though light travels at the incon
ceivable velocity of 1.87,000miles a sec
ond, yet light from some stars in the
range.of the telescope takes 5.760 years
to reach the earth. We may see on the
photographic plate pictures of stars,
not as they are, but as they were per
haps half a million years ago; light is
still reaching us from stars which
have long since become extinct.
It is possible that the plate of the
camera is to-day catching from stars
light which has been travelling earth--
ward millions of yearswhich may, in
deed, have set out toward the earth
before this planet came into existence.
The first star photograph was a da
guerreotype of Vega taken at Har
vard College July 17, 1850. The young
er Bond, by the collodion process, ob
tained in 1857 photographs of stars of
the first magnitude.
No serious effort was made in stellar
photography until after 1882, when Dr.
Gill photographed the comet of that
year at the Cape of Good Hope Obser
vatory. He attached an ordinary por
trait lens with a two-inch aperture and
a- focus of eleven inches to the teles
cope, using the instrument as a "find
er" to the camera. Photographs last
ing from half an hour to two hours and
twenty minutes were taken.
The new photographic map is pre
ceded by a visual map commenced a
quarter of a century ago by Bonn and
completed by Argelander. Its object
was a great star census. It was be
gun in the Northern Hemisphere and
brought by Schonfeld to within 20 de
grees of the equator. This "Durch
musterung," or "roll call of the stel
lar army," is divided into two sections,
and tabulates 485,00 stars.
Stars not entered in it have no offi
cial existence. Should they vanish the
fact cannot be attested; should they
brighten into conspicuousness they
must be regarded as new for lack of
previous ;acquaintance. Whatever is
known of the distribution of stars is
taken from that enumeration.
The photographic map proposed by
Dr. Gill will extend from Schonfeld's
zone to the South Pole, and will in
clude all stars up to the fifteenth mag
nitude. The fourteen magnitude stars
are on the limit of faintness. Be
yond these stars photographic images
are vague..
An Odd Holiday.
Last month the railway town of
Crewes, in England, enjoyed a holiday
and festival, the occasion being the
completion of the four thousandth lo
comotive built in the great railway
shops there.
A Patriotic Island.
From the Isle of Lewis, in proportion
to population, does the most of Eng
lands fighting men come. The total
population is 28,000, and no fewer than
4,000 serve the country in one capacity
or another.
The Great Seal Keeper.
The best and most lucrative position
to which a barrister can rise in Eng
land is undeniably the Lord Chancel
lorship. It is worth $50,000 a year, and
it is a fact that many past Lord Chan
cellors were the sons of poor men. One
v:as the son of a. country barber, while
the father of another was a, Newcastle
Coal heaver..
TOPEKA STATE JOURNAL,
TEACHING A KING
1101Y TO GET RICH.
Thomas WaTAI, Partner in Etb4iness
to Leopold IL, is Showing That
Monarch How to Make Money.,
The latest American to ingratiate
himself into the favor of a European
monarch is Thomas Walsh, the Color
ado millionaire. The monarch with
whom Mr. Walsh is upon such easy
terms is Leopold of Belgium, who is to
become a partner in business with the
American Croesus.
King Leopold never knew what easy
money was until he met Mr. Walsh,
and now that he knows he wants some
of it.
The millions of francs he is reputed
to have pulled out of a sub rosa inter
est in the Ostend gambling. tables have
cost him endless censure, even grant
ing that no qualms of conscience have
figured on the debit side of the ledger.
The millions the Congo commercial en
terprise have yielded have been any
thing but easy money. Some of his
commercial enterprises in Belgium
have produced nothing but deficits.
It was in the hope of getting the
millionaire American to make up one
of these deficits and put the Interna
tional Sleeping Car Company on a pay
ing basis that His Majesty went after
Walsh when the Coloradoan began to
cut his swath at the Paris Exposition.
The attempt at an understanding in
that particular regard has resulted in
a general partnership between King
and citizen for the purpose of enlarg
ing Walsh's strength on the specula
tive market and increasing the return
on Leopold's invested funds.
It came about this way: Walsh's lay.,
ishness at Paris attracted the atten
tion of Continental financiers, and no
tably the attention of those who wish
ed to unload. Charles Nagelmackers,
the Belgian president of the sleePing
ONE OF THE INSTRUMENTS USED
IN CONNECTION WITH PHOTO
' GRAPHING THE HEAVENS.
car company, in which Leopold Is
largely interested, thought Walsh's
money and business sagacity might
transform the company from a losing
train, equIpped at Leopold's expense,
into a profitable venture. A special
brought the Walsh family from Paris
down to Ostend, and Walsh looked
over 'the ground
"Really," he said, after InVestigat
frig the company, "your sleeping' car
company cannot interest me. Umier
the best auspices it could not pay
more than 4 or 5 per cent.; whereas
I realize from 10 to 20 per cent. on my
money."
Leopold wanted to know all about
it. He wanted to know also if a mere
king with a few millions in his stock
ing might venture to shear the lambs
to a, 10-percentum tune. And the re
sult of the conference and of Leopold's
careful investigation of Walsh's rec
ord is the partnership that has struck
conservative Belgians speechless with
astonishment.
It is doubtful if any other individu
al at the Paris Exposition gained so
much notoriety as did "Tom" Walsh,
as he is called by his friends. He is
said to have dined every American in
Paris and his dinners were always giv
en at the costliest hotels.
The farewell dinner given to tho
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IÄmerican Colony at Paris by Mrs.
Walsh was the most elaborate enter
tainment Parisians bave ever seen.
For this occasion the whole lower floor
of the Elysee Palace Hotel was occu
pied and converted into a floral bower,
with thousands of chrysanthemums,
American beauty roses and orchids im
ported from the United States espec
ially for the occasion.
Then to put a climax to the whole
affair the Walshes dined Leopold King
of Belgium, spending something like a
hundred thousand dollars upon the
royal banquet. The dinner was given
at the Hotel Ritz in the splendid ban
quetting hall where Harry Thaw, of
Pittsburg, gave his famous dinner to
the beauties of Paris.
The music was afforded by the
Czar's OWn band which was at the time
in Paris. Only once before had a pri
vate individual succeeded in securing
the able services of these royal musi
cians, and that person was a favorite
at the Court Russia, the Duchess Ro
hail. But the American millionaire
whose doings had set the boulevards
of Paris agog had become self-confident
in his newly acquired fame and
no request was considered too bold for
him to make. He negotiated for the
services of the musicians and secured
them, and King Leopold listened at
Mr. Waish's dinner to the weird, de
lightful music of the Czar's ONVII band
and ate of the dainties prepared by an
American chef.
' Probably, the item that commands
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THE RAPID STRIDES WHICH SCIENCE HAS MADE ALONG ASTRO
NOMICAL LINES ARE AMONG THE GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS
OF THE GEN:FURY. THIS TELESCOPE IS THE LARGEST
AND MOST POWERFUL EVER INVENTED
BY MAN.
most attention in the history of Mr.
Walsh next to his becoming asso
ciated with a, real king in busi
ness, is the one that places his in
come at $1.200,000 a year. It fxplains
his extravagances satisfactorily. With
M00,000 a month, even in Par'L at the
Exposition season, one may be lavish.
It is just fifty years ago since Thom
as Wa lsla was born in Tipperary, Ire
land. Twenty-five years later he was a la
borer in the sewer department in Wor
cester, Mass.
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IS THE CLEVER RUN THAT
BERNHARD"
HERE.
The Great Tragedienne, Younger and
liore Charming Than Ever,
American theatre goers are soOn tO
have the pleasure of seeing Sarah
Bernhardt in the two plays which dur
ing the last year have W011 more fame
in E'urope and in America tha7n any
other dramatic productions of the cen
tury, many
The Divine Sarah will take the lead
ing parts in both of these plays, "Cy
rano de Bergerac," and "E'Aiglon,"
and she Will also appear in her famous
impersonation of "Hamlet."
She will be supported by Coquille,
who is the foremost actor of Prance,
and vvill make a tour of the country
extending probably over six months. or
until the Oose of the theatrical season
in the spring of 1901.
In Paris just now one hears of no one
else but Madame Bernhardt. And what
are the people saying? You will no
doubt imagine that they are still prais
ing her wonderful acting and marvel
lous methods by which she retains her
youthful strength and vigor, but
neither of these is what interests Pa
risians, and in fact Britishers and
Americans as well, just now.
The first and most important subject
of discussion is the publication of an
extract from the unpublished autobi
ography of the great tragedienne's life.
The next is that she is accredited with
having changed the feminine figure in
a single night! Both distinctive in their
own peculiar lines and sufficiently im
portant to set society and the profes
sional world a-gossipping.
The Venus de Milo and all her old
time relativee have been shown -us fer
years as the high and true type of
feminine form. But, while we looked.
a.nd admired, we did not believe that
beauty lurked in such Lroad
Then came the meal bag period, Wo
men went corsetless and tied a string'
around their middle. They WOTIS
blouses. and wide loose sashes divid
ing them in half with often the string
visible. It was dreadful. Women whe
wore these gowns looked at you brass
ily with the courage of their convic
tions. Others looked on and laughed.
and drew their corset strings a little
bit tighter.
Then came the long straight line, the
draped gown, they called it. It began
at the shoulders and ended at the feet
without a break. Women presented
solid fronts of silk with lace aPoliqueel
all over them. Velvet fell from neck to
floor. looking all the world like a per
tiere. Then came the reaction. Corsets were
made stronger and the strings were
pulled tighter. It really took two maide
to get a woman into her gown; and
then it took an extra hand to hook the
waistband, which came around the
waist underneath the gown, while care
ful fingers smoothed and patted the
subject and finally turned her out a
perfect tailor made woman, moulded
into her gown. What she endured frorn
the agony of those tightly drawn
strings, how she felt above and below
them. how she breathed, and in what
manner she kept her organs working'.
no one but herself knew, for women do
not betray the confidences of the corset
strings.
At night, In grim silence, she smooth.
ed the ?narks of the side steels from her
ribs and congratulated herself that the
strings had done their self-appointedi
task of maintaining an appearance.
As for the organs, they were squeeze
ed either up or down; and In either
case they planned revenge. Did they
get it? Ask the woman 'who found
time or occavion to battle with the
problems of life. Just ask her what
those organs said when the time came
for them to exert themselves. Not at
home, out of their sphere, dissatisfied,
weak end inefficient.- they got even
with the tailor made:woman, all at
once!
Bernhardt. that wonderful 'woman,
who has laughed at human emotions
for a quarter of a century. looked on
with the rest of the world of women
leaders and saw it alt It is said that,
when the project of changing the fem
inine ideal was in her mind, she spent
whole days at the Louvre ,studyinir
each curve and becoming acquainte4
with each deflection of the feminine
muscles. She saw where the lines
should be, where the cut off mark of
the figure naturally came, and she EllSa
saw the chance for an ideal, The tall
slender boys, with figures like girl as
sisted her in their unconscious grace.
and she watched them and slowly de
veloped her ideal.
And Bernhardt did it. She who wears
no corsets at all, but who is so exquis
itely muscular that her form maintains
itself, clasped her belt low around tha
abdomen and smiled when she Paw
others doing the same. Her belt meas
ure was the same as her bust measure.
but she got the curve inward at the
middle of the back, and that was w Lat
she wanted.
About at Popular Wrlier.
As everyone knows, Miss Marie Co.
relit cares very little for society; in
fact, has a mild contempt for members
of the upper ten. But at the same time
society Itself evinces a keen interest in
the talented authoress, and Would will
ingly, if it were possible, have her rnix
among the leading aristocracy. So lit
tle is known of Aliss Core personally.
that it is sometimes very amusing to
hear people express an opinion as to
what she is like in their own imagina
tion. Some people jealously inclined
have gone so far as to characterize her
as being old and ugly, and consequent
ly she lives a secluded life. As a mat
ter of fact, the great authoress is real
ly a very pretty woman. She is rather
below medium height, has a, graceful
and delicately rounded figure, fair
complexion and light brown hair. lier
nose is ,slightly aquiline, and her eyes
are of deep blue with a merry twinkle
about them. Miss Core 111 al ways
dresses with elegance, frequently in
white, while her taste In headgear is
unexceptionable.
An Imthense Encyclopedia.
The Emeperor Kang-no, who reigned
from 1661 to 1721. appointed a commis-.
sion to reprint in one. huge collection
all matter of literary interest relating,
to China. When the commission fin-.
ished their labors they were able to lay
befo-e the Emperor an encyclopaedia.
of 6,109 volumes! The contents were
divided into thirty-two heads- 9nly a
small edition was printed off in the
first instarwe, and then, owing to a
monetary crisis, the copper type used
was melted down to make cash.
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