igrfiitVii Zm
r
4 OCT 13 1906 A
JS R A t
AND
Kith barricades TVo he had four hours
of daylight while Thomas was fighting
fiercely McCook did not have a single
rail laid In his front
It is also singular that during thobc
hours of quiet he took no pains to In
form himself as to what was In his
front Even the usually alert and
thoughtful Sheridan who habitually
kept himself well Informed made no
effort to explore his front They all
seemed to have been wholly absorbed
Jn the terrific tumult two miles away
to their left
Following the lessons learned In the
Army of Northern Virginia Longstreet
rave no hint to his enemies of the
torm about to burst upon them Tli ro
jras no preliminary thundering of
THE
SSSSSSSi
M
Great Central Campaign
The Important Position of Kentucky and Tennessee
By john Mcelroy
CHAPTER XXXI
MORNING OP THE SECOND DAY
LoncxtreetM Attnclc on the Rlelit It
Catches Brigades nnil Divisions In
Column and IIurlH Them Ilnck In
Confuxlon The Gap Mode Ily Gen
Wood The Whole Illeht Flank Swept
Awaj ThoninH Maintains Ilia Position
The Battle on the Right
As the tumult of Hills failure to
turn the left flank died away in the
Union troops ceasing their fire upon
enemies who had fled out of effective
range Longstreet commanding the
Confederate Left Wing began the exe
cution of the part of the program as
signed him He had massed more than
25000 men in a shape to lanch them
with irresistible force upon Rosecranss
right where McCook with Sheridans
ind Daviss Divisions was guarding the
rap at Widow Glenns and the Dry Val
ley Road
Longstreets column had Stewarts
Division on its right facing Reynolds
ind Brannan and connecting with Cie
Durne of Popes Left Wing Stewart
iras to be a flanker to the main assault
T B Hood who had won such a repu
tation in Lees army as a mighty hit
ter was to make this with a corps
omposed of Bushrod Johnsons and
Laws Divisions The latter was Hoods
wn division of Texans Alabamians and
Georgians with whom he had won such
reputation on the Peninsula at Antie
tam and Gettysburg On the left of
Hood Hindmans Division of Mlssip
pians and Alabamians was placed and
Prestons strong division was formed in
reserve
In spite of the tiresome shiftings of
the night the position taken up by Mc
Cook for the Right Wing was far from
being the best and its formation was
even worse McCook was always con
spicuously unfortunate in placing his
corps upon the field and in its manage
ment in action His fauitiness had been
made worse by the constant changes
made necessary by the movement of
troops to the left to aid Thomas This
naturally unsettled the line and made
It far less stable before attack Mc
Cook had none of Thomass quick un
erring eye as to the field which decided
Et once where to place his men and
then direct them to cover themselves
lery nor lightning of skirmishers He
avoided everything that would attract
attention to his preparations
The Fatal Gap
At 11 oclock the right of the army
that is that portion south of the Broth
erton House was formed with Wilders
Brigade of Mounted Infantry on the ex
treme right with Sheridans Division
next Daviss Division badly battered
came next on the Dry Valley Road
Negleys Division had been on the left
of Davis but he had already sent John
Beattys Brigade to the assistance
of Thomas Stanleys had followed a lit
tle later and Sirwclls was preparing
to do the same Crittenden had ordered
Th J Wood with his two brigades
Buells and Harkers Wagners being in
garrison at Chattanooga to move up
and occupy the ground Negley was va
cating This would connect the line
with Thomass right Brannan who by
this time had but two brigades Con
nells and Croxtons He joined on to
Reynoldss right
Now occurred at the most inoppor
tune time possible the incident which
gave rise to the extremest heartburning
and bitterness of any in the history of
the Army of the Cumberland It is thus
stated in Gen Rosecranss report
A message from Gen Thomas soon
followed that he was heavily pressed
Capt Kellogg Aid-de-Camp the bear
er informing me at the same time that
Gen Brannan was out of line and Gen
Reynoldss right was exposed Orders
were dispatched to Gen Wood to close
up on Reynolds and word was sent to
Gen Thomas that he should be sup
ported even if it took away the whole
corps of Crittenden and McCook
Gen Davis was ordered to close on
Gen Wood and Gen McCook was ad
vised of the state of affairs and ordered
to close his whole command to the left
with all dispatch
Gen Wood overlooking the direc
tion to close up on Gen Reynolds
supposed he was to support him by
withdrawing from the line and passing
to the rear of Gen Brannan who it
appears was not out of line but was
en echelon and slightly in rear of
Reynolds3 right By this unfortunate
mistake a gap was opened in the lint
of battle of which the enemy took in
stant advantage and striking Davis in
flank and rear as well as in front threw
his whole division in confusion
The same attack shattered the right
brigade of Wood before it had cleared
the space The right of Brannan was
thrown back and two of his batteries
then in movement to a new position
were taken in flank and thrown back
thru two brigades of Van Cleve then
THE DISASTKOUS BREAK ON THE RIGHT
on the march to the left throwing his
division into confusion from which it
nver recovered until it reached Ross
ville
While the enemy poured in thru
this breach a long line stretching be
yond Sheridans right was advancing
Laiboldts Brigade shared in the roat
of Davis Sheridans other two brigades
In movement toward the left under or
ders to support Thomas made a gallant
charge against the enemys advancing
column but were thrown Into difeoruci
by the enemys line advancing on their
flank and were likewise compelled to
fall back rallying on the Dry Vallry
Road and repulsing the enemy but
tln y were again compelled to yield to
bupcrior number and retlred westward
of the Dry Valley road and by n cr
cuitous route reached Rossville from
which they advanced by the Lafayette
road to support our left
The Momentous Order
The exact words of the ordrr sent to
Gen Wood were
Headquarters Department of the
Cumberland Sept 20 1045 a m
Brig Gen Wood commanding divi
sion
The General commanding directs
that you close up on Reynolds as fast
as possible and support him
Respectfully etc Frank S Bond
Major and Aid
Gen Rosecrans and a large portion
of the Army of the Cumberland dis
tinctly and vehemently charged ler
Wood with the loss of the battle They
said that he must have known that
the order was given under a misappre
hension and that it was his duty to
have referred it back to headquarters
which were only 600 yards away be
fore proceeding to the overwhelming
gravity of opening the line of battle in
the nresence of the enemy It was
alleged that Wood did it deliberately
because onlv a short time belore Rose
crans had reprimanded him for not
promptly obeying orders and that he
took his revenge by instantly obeying
an order whicli he must have known
was a mistake The intense feeling
showed no signs of abatement as long
as anv of the nartles were alive In
1881 18 years after the battle Gen
Rosecrans published some very severe
strictures on Gen Wood in regard to
the act and Gen Wood replied with
equal bitterness in the course of which
he said
The order was addressed Brig Gen
Wood Commanding Division Gallop
The gallon was a direction to mo or
derly or staff ollicer bringing the order
that he was to proceed expeditiously
Recalling to mind all the circumstances
of the situation my first impulse on
the receipt of the order was This or
der requires a hazardous movement to
be made no less than the opening of
the line of battle in presence of the
encmv but there occurred to me
First the Commanding General knows
this as well as I do and he will pro
vide for it by ordering troops In re
serve to supply my place second there
was a precedent for the movement I
was then ordered to make in the with
drawal of Negleys Division and its re
placement by mine at an earlier hour
of the day third I most honestly be
lieved a great crisis in the battle had
arrived on another and distant part of
the field of battle to stem which my
division was required and hence I was
ordered to go to meet It
With these convictions controlling
I received the order to support Gen
Reynolds and to carry out the order
to support him I made the only move
ment that was possible to execute the
order Reynolds being distant from my
position and his position being un
known to me and being ordered to
support him how was I to do it except
by going to seek him I challenge tho
most astute intellect to do the thing
other than I did It And I now btate
most explicitly that in moving my di
vision as I did I suppposed and believ
ed I was doing exactly what the order
required me and what Gen Rosecrans
desired me to do Whoever else may
have considered the order ambiguous
I certainly never did When It was put
into my hands by the orderly who
brought it to me and was read by me
V WL SHERIDAN psJranss 0 M
l ManigauttDeas f KBWqlds
CraceY uu KERSHAWS DISION
psroKe HOODS ORPS f -
- feH
Maney Wright siRAn
TlE CHICkArilAUGA dackson vaugrtan
fm CHEATHAMS DIVISION
its meaning was clear and undoubted
It clearly told me I was to withdraw
my division from the line an 1 passing
northward and eastward iimnc ilatcly in
rear of the line of battle and In doing
this I was not at any time 100 jards
from the line of battle to find Gen
Reynoldss position to cloe upon him
and support him This was the con
struction I was forced by the order it
self and the circumstances of the situa
tion to placo on the order and I will
frankly add that IS years of sober re
flection nnd calm retrospect have sim
ply confirmed the conviction that I
placed not only the right but the only
possible construction on the order
To rightly understand what it was
my duty to do when I received the or
3-
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ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
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WASHINGTON D C THURSDAY OCTOBER 4 1906
der two important factors as control
ling my decision must be constantly
borne in mind viz first my division at
the receipt or the order was not en
gaged with the enemy second the In
cessant roar of battle coming from the
left told in unmistakable aerms that our
troops in that direction were ncavny
engaged and had been for two hours
and a half Suppose Reynolds had
lv nendprt snnnnrt jinri thn order clear
ly indicated he dldi and Iihad neglect
ed to move to his support as ordered
and by reason of my failing to do so
disaster had fallen on his division and
through it on the army I ask in all
earnestness what defense could I have
offered for neglecting to go to his sup
port as the order so clearly directed
me to do No punishment would have
been too severe for me had I failed to
do so Further the very wording of
the order indicated a movement I was
to make To close upon is the move
ment in tactics of one body in rear on
another in front of it i To close to the
right or left on another body of troops
is another and entirely different move
ment
The Storm Burntn
As Wood moved oft rapidly to find
the right of Reynolds Bushrod John
son leading Longstreets attack swept
like a torrent thru the opening
Davis whose depleted division was in
motion to closo up on Brannan struck
viciously at the flank of the column but
tlio Hegs and Carllns men fought even
more savagely than over the division
was entirely too light to stay such a
mighty flood They were beaten back
thru the woods and then over an open
field where they sustained terrible
losses
Sheridans Division was also in mo
tion toward the left and Davis gal
loped over to the leading brigade Lai
boldts and begged It to come to hi3
help It was willing enough and rushed
forward but it was also too light and
was engulfed Jn the ruin
Gen Sheridan double quicked his
other two brigades Lyties and Wal
worths up to the assistance of the
first Tho they were caught in column
and shot down beforo they could face
into line they made n stubborn defense
They were forced back about 300 yards
but rallied and drove the enemy hack
over the ridge tho Cist III capturing
the colors of the 24th Ala Hindman
hurried up fresh troops and Sheridans
exhausted men were driven back on
the rout of Daviss The gallant Gen
Lytic fell while leading his men Sher
idan rallied his men on the next ridge
and Hindman seemed to have had
enough for he did not pursue Sheri
dan saw that Longstreet was be
tween him nnd the left of tne army
and moved offcircuitously to reach the
Dry Valley road
Davis made vigorous efforts to rally
his command but did not succeed in
doing so until he reached a small farm
about two and a half miles to the rear
There he put his artillery into position
and gathered up fragments of other
commands until he had between 2500
and 3000 men
t
Splendid AUnok
Wilders Brigade of Mounted Infan
try was over a mile to the right of
where the gap ocpurred and presently
uiscovcrea tne enemy nive lines ueep
assaulting and driving the troops In
front of them He saw a glorious op
portunity for his boasted seven shoot
ers and immediately sent his lending
regiment the 98th III Col Funkhous
er in upon a flank assault The ene
my recoiled before the awful blast of
fire and the 98th 111 recaptured a bat
tery which the enemy had Just taken
but their Colonel fell severely wounded
Wilder sent in his other regiments as
fast as they came up and the tempest
of fire not only drove the left of Hind-
mans Division swarming back across
the Lafayette road in confusion but se
riously alarmed Bragg and Longstreet
who thought from the volume of sound
rolling up that an unsuspected division
had struck them In flank
Capt Lillys Battery had also gained
an enfilading position and was sweep
ing Hindmans lines with canister
Wilder pushed his flank attack as far
as was prudent and hearing that a
heavy force was moving against his left
flank swung around quickly in front to
the west of the Widow Glenn House
where he repulsed an attack upon him
He moved farther back to a stronger
position when Lieut Col Thruston of
McCooks staff reached him with news
of the completeness of the disaster and
advised him to fall back to Lookout
Mountain Wilder waa yet full of fight
and wanted to cut his way thru to Gen
Thomas when Assistant Secretary Dana
dashed out of the woods hatless and
in a state of dismay Dana said that
our troops had fled in utter panic that
it was a worse disaster than Bull Run
that Gen Rosecrans was probably killed
or captured One of Wilders staff
officers now came up and reported that
ho had found Gen Sheridan a mile and
a hair to the rear and left trying to
collect his men and join Gen Thomas
i Wilder was advised to fall
to the Chattanooga Valley and
tho passes over Xookout Moun
tain
It was always asserted and believed
in the Army of the Cumberland that
Dana ordered Wilder to guard Jilm
back to Chattanooga but Dana denied
that he did so Wilder reluctantly left
the field for Chattanooga about 4
oclock taking with him a number of
wagons loaded with ammunition a
great many caissons and a large num
ber of stragglers and beef cattle
Itonecranit Goes to Clinttanoogn
As Bushrod Johnson -swept thru the
gap he caught Buells Brigade In col
umn and broke It Into fragments Sam
Beattys and Dicks Brigades met a sim
ilar fate and a number of guns were
caught in the ruck andlost The mob
of fugitives swept backiby Rosecranss
headquarters carrying with them Gens
McCook and Crittenden Gen Rose
crans believing from the wreck as far
as he could sec that tHo whole field was
lost set out with hisi8taff for Chatta
nooga to collect the fragments of hL
army there and savo -whatever waa
possible to save At Rossville
crans found Neglejrs Uivision and
heard the thunders of Thomass guns
still maintaining his original position
Rosecrans decided to go on to Chatta
nooga while Garfield went back to
Thomas Rosecrans said that he sent
Garfield to Thomas while Garfield al
ways maintained mat ne uau insisted
upon going out to Thomas Rosecranss
decision was exceedingly unfortunate
He should have cither gone to Thomas
or remained at Rossville
When Rosecrans reached Chatta
nooga lie was as nearly exhausted as
ever a Irian was who lived A week of
mortal anxiety of sleepless nights of
hourly excitement to he last breaking
strain nau reuueeu nim io ineconaiuon
that he had to be helped front his horse
and he -sank down upon a seat like a
dying man Somo sherry In wKlch an
egg had been beaten was given him
and he revived Ho at once noticed
McCook and Crittenden and asked lm
periously
Gentlemen what aro you doing
Continued on page two
etftasste
SOUTH AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
CAUSES OF THE PERENNIAL TROUBLES
VOL XXIV NO 49 WHOLE NO 1310
Ignorance Greed Graft Race Dissensions Vicious Forms of
Government and Wretched Ideas of Right and Wrong Bad
Traditions Followed by Worse Practices
BY WILLIAM 13 DOYLE
Adjutant 17th Ind Lieutenant U S A Colonel Cuban Haltlen and Guatemalan
Armies
The nnd Condition
The constantly recurring revolutions
in South and Central America and the
West Indies have really no similar or
common origin tho revolution in each
country originating from causes pecu
liar to itself Generally however the
lack of education among the masses of
the people illiterates averaging 70 per
cent throughout the incompleteness of
their forms of Government the over
weening ambition of their leaders the
mixed population of whites negroes and
Indians the scarcity of railroads and
other means of modern communication
Ecuador all religions but Roman Cath
olic aro excluded and in Peru the pub
lic exercise of any religion but Roman
Catholic is strictly prohibited
InqulnKlon and SIniery
The Spaniards introduced all their
evil practices into their colonies in
cluding the Inquisition and many of
these old Inquisition buildings still re
main So great was their thirst for
wealth that the aborigines were placed
at enforced labor or more properly
slavery which rapidly exterminated
those in the West Indies and left the
others in South and Central America
degraded and overpowered by a sense
of repression similar to the African
slaves that were Imported Thus In the
wars for independence the fighting was
done by the whites and half breeds and
so In these countries as in Mexico the
aborigines are never considered as an
Important factor In a revolution Wc
find that in 1811 Diego de Velasquez
was sent by Diego Columbus the great
discoverers son who was Governor of
Hispanlola to conquer Cuba He had
four ships and 300 men and established
Pi
PONCIANO DrAZ
Mexicos Champion Bull Fighter Whose
Popularity Enhances That of
President Diaz
the armed posts of Baracoa and San
tiago de ba The cruelties of the
Spaniards the natives were such that
a charac stic story was told of
Hatney Indian Chief whom Velas
quez orde to the stake for his resist
ance to the conquerors A priest
soothed his last moments by asking if
he wished to go to Heaven Are there
any Spaniards there inquired Hat
ney Many of them replied the priest
Then said Hatney I would rather go
to hell
The Election
A prime cause of trouble in these
Soutli and Central American Republics
lies in the fact that suffrage is restrict
ed the -voting is Indirect and each
State or Province administers its own
finances and maintains its own troops
oa in Colombia Then in many of these
Republics there Is no constitutional
time for holding a Presidential elec
tion as In the United States the cle
tion Is ordered by Executive proclama
tion So should tho President have
any doubts of his re election he fails to
call an election and holds over as did
Crepo in Venezuela and Barrios In
Guatemala and becomes Dictator But
should he have called an election and
made full preparation to carry it by
the presence of armed force and is then
defeated he quietly has the returns
canvassed and proclaims himself elect
ed It is as broad as it is long he gets
there Of course great excitement fol
lows and frequently a revolution
Every one of these Republics has a
STREET IN SAN JOSE COSTA RICA
the paucity of newspapers and the
powerful Influence of the priesthood
have much to do with the trouble
While in most of the South American
Republics there is toleration of all re
ligions yet is is merely toleration in
all of them the Roman Catholic is the
state religion and in some of them the
constitutional religion In Venezuela
while other religions beside the Roman
Catholic are tolerated no manifesta
tions are allowed and no churches Jn
Senate and House of Delegates or Rep
resentatives but the mode of election
or appointment is different In Peru
there is a Provincial Electoral College
In each State or Department but In
Bolivia only are the President Senate
and House of Representatives elected Dy
universal suffrage
Sovereign Statel
The Provinces or Departments of
these Republics or Confederations arc
literally sovereign States and most of
tho revolutions are started by ambitious
Provincial or State Governors the dis
tance of most of the States from the
National Capital precluding the speedy
arrival of Government troops at the
scene of trouble Thus in the Panama
revolution of 1903 The National Tribune
said it would take a month to send
troops from Bogota over the 200 miles
of mountainous country to Buena Ven
tura on the Pacific from whence they
could be taken by steamer to Panama
The only transportation they could take
with them then would be pack mules
The ordinary mode of travel from Colon
or Aspinwall to Bogota the Capital
of the United States of Colombia Is by
steamer from Colon to Port Columbia
on the Bay of Sulgar east of Carta
gena thence by a short railroad to
Baranquilla on the Magdalcna River
The railroad was found necessary on ac
count of the shifting sands in the mouth
of the Magdalena and Baranquilla is a
great market Then you take river
steamer up the Magdalena to Santa
Cruz the head of navigation and then
again a short railroad to Bogota which
is 8000 feet above the sea You have
traveled nearly 1000 miles while the
distance in a direct line is barely 350
Panama united with eight other
States in forming the Unitid Stale of
Colombia in 1861 from what had been
New Granada and the Constitution of
the United States was translated and
adopted in the new Republic But there
have been a number of revolutions In
Panama previous to that of 1003 the
principal cause of discontent being that
the Bogota Government taxed thein loo
heavily and gave them no benefits for it
JimialenN Troubles
It seems strange that Jamaica has
never had trouble but once although
there are 555257 negroes and mulat
toes to 14432 white people Being so
close to the black Republics of Haiti
and San Domingo emissaries from the
former are constantly there and about
30 years ago stirred up the Jamaica
negroes to proclaim their independence
and a small fracticn of them took ac
tion at a mass meeting of over 2000
at Morants Bay on the eastern end of
the Island The British Governor Sir
Anthony Musgrove hearing of it
brought the white English regiment
from Newcastle Cantonment on the
Blue Mountains 14 miles from King
ston and uniting them with the black
regiment stationed at Kingston and a
battery of light artillery went to the
scene of trouble As soon as he heard
that the mass meeting had proclaimed
independence he moved through tho
gap that enters the semicircular plateau
around the bay and opening with his
artillery without any notice advanced
his infantry and dispersed the revolu
tionists killing and wounding over 500
of them it is said They have since
been very loyal to the throne
The Insurrections In Cuba
The people and politicians of the
United States have never comprehended
the facts regarding the insurrection in
Cuba so I will briefly trace them and
the facts will surprise many of them
Spain was so busy exploiting Mexico
and Peru in the early days that Cuba
was neglected until her coffee sugar
and tobacco plantations were devel
oped and became wealth producing
through its thousands of negro slaves
Most of the great plantations were
owned by Spaniards whose descendants
became the aristocracy of Cuba many
of whom were ennobled by the Spanish
Government Cuba was Intensely loyal
and gained the title of the Ever Faith
ful Isle by Its declaration of war
against Napoleon who overthrow the
Bourbon Dynasty in Spain in 1S0S and
after that time the people of the island
remained loyal to Spain until after the
termination of the war of the rebel
lion in which our slaves were set free
Only a flutter of opposition to Spain
took place In all those years when
Presbyter Cabalero and Don Francisco
Arango about 1810 protested against
the trade of the island being a Spanish
monopoly This led to a royal decree of
ISIS opening the ports of the Island
to foreign commerce which privilege
was speedily abrogated and in 1S23
when Spain had lost Mexico and other
colonics the Captain General of Cuba
was given extraordinary powers thoso
of the Governor of a city In a state of
siege having autocratic authority over
life death and property But this great
precaution against an uprising was un
necessary for the slaveholders who
controlled everything stood by Spain
and resisted all the overtures of Lopez
rfijr
INQUISITION BUILDING
CARTAGENA
the Liberator because they saw that
all the new Republics abolished slav
ery and they knew that slavery was
incompatible with a free Government
They did not want to lose their 400000
slaves worth J 230000000 at least
The Mat eholtlerN Schcmei
The slaveholders of the United States
had looked with covetous eyes upon
Cuba and so President Polk was in
duced to offer the Spanish Government
100000000 for It and 10 years later
in President Buchanans time a simi
lar offer was made for it was seen
that the island would make four Slave
States and thus give the South a pre
ponderance of political power Then
filibustering was tried from 1848 to
1831 but the expeditions of Lopez and
Crittenden plainly proved that the peo
ple of Cuba were satisfied with their
condition as those leaders could not in
duce the Cubans to revolt and their ef
forts failed So it seems that there was
no dissatisfaction in Cuba until after
the slaes in the United States had been
set free when the civilized nations of
Europe began urging Spain then tho
only slaveholding power to manumit
her slaves Then the Spanish Cortes dis
cussed the matter and the Cuban slave
holders felt that their slaves would bo
manumitted and without any compen
sation for Spain had no 130000000
to pay for them at 300 each So the
first blow for independence and to re
tain their slave property was struck at
Yara Oct 10 1868 under the Iead
and former slaveholder like Cespedea
They claimed to be fighting for their
rights as did the Confederates in a like
cause and they had the sympathy ol
the ex slaveholders of the United States
Gen Thomas Jordan Gen Beaure f
gards brother-in-law was their first
commander but before they had gained
much headway the Spanish Cortes Jn
1870 passed a law providing that all
children born thereafter to slave par
ents should be free This was the first
step for Spain dreaded losing such a
valuable possession and went very slow
ly so that it was not until 188G that Jtha
Spanish Cortes passed a general eman
cipation act
The Slaves Freed
Tho insurrection of 1868 was termi
nated by the treaty of Zungon in 1878
but prior to this the insurgent leaders
had issued a proclamation to free tho
slaves but never put it into effect by
even freeing their own slaves for when
Gen Grant visited Cuba in 1880 ho
stopped at the tobacco plantation of
Miquel Jane in Pinar del Rio an ar
dent revolutionist and found that all
his slaves were still held at work and
Byron Andrews wrote They were of
the lowest type of the negro race very
black and with countenances as blank
as brutes Ages of servitude had done
its work
Cuba was greatly excited In 1825
when Great Britain proposed to free lta
slaves in Jamaica and the Jamaican
slaveholders denounced the British Gov
ernment and threatened to transfer
their allegiance to the United States or
een to maintain an independent State
But the slaves were manumitted In
1834 the British Government appropri
ating 100000000 or 300 each to
compensate the owners Then think
how these Cuban planters felt when
their slaves were to be manumitted
without compensation They became
wild Now the negroes saw this and
considered their only hope of freedom
lay with the Spaniards and they aided
them whenever required But thousands
of these slaves fled from their masters
and took to the woods and mountains
forming bands for the sake of plunder
called Pelados who murdered and
plundered without regard to Cuban or
Spaniard T L Esterman in The Na
tional Tribune of March 23 and April
6 1899 tells of the Pelados murder
ing the Inhabitants of Guisa and how
the Cuban Col Parras united with tho
Spanish Col Erruyz in dispersing and
destroying the gang of the black demon
Varras In the Mayo Mountains But
Gen Garcia gave no condemnation of
the Palado massacres neither did Sec
retary of War Palma now President
STREET IN CARTAGENA
for they were looking for political pref
erment In the future and they put
nearly all these Pelados on the rolls
of the Cuban army after Independence
and paid them for services never ren
inY ma TrtnnMI finroin said in
a manifesto Compared with the mar
tyrdom or our tortureu anu suirviun
friends the sufferings of the Guisa vic
tims should not begin to be mentioned
Continued on page six