Hilo tribune. [volume], October 11, 1904, Page 6, Image 6

About Hilo tribune. [volume] (Hilo, Hawaii) 1895-1917

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children, and both belong Unguis
An Instructive Program Presentcd-New Officers Elected , "ZZZ
for the Ensuing Year Publishers Exhibit Books the physical and mental stature of
and Material An Able Dissertation on PIuIoIokv il a,1(l stnl " his nursery
Delivered by W. H. Smith.
The II ilo Teachers' Union held
its first quarterly meeting of the
sch'iol year last Friday morning at
the Union School. There were
present thirty-seven members and
sixteen visitors. President Levi
C. Lyman presided, and Kcv. C. K.
Shields opened the exercises with
pi aver.
In response to roll call, the
members gave dates of interesting
events from Iiawuuaii lustory
After reading the minutes, the
sectetary was instructed to cast the
ballot for the new officers of the
Society, as recommended in the le
port of the nominating committee,
viz. President, I,. C. Lyman, vice
president, Miss Ward, secretarv-
tteasuier, Win. AlcLlusKey.
The program, which proved to
b a most intertaining one, opened
with a class exercise of free
calisthenics, executed by twelve
jiils from the upper grades of the
Union .School under the direction of
Piincipal C. O. Smith. MrsTr cy
followed with a class of little tots,
who played several language games,
designed to biing into action the
different human senses.
With a fifth grade class from
Miss Pomeroy's room, Miss Flo
rence Hill illustrated her method
of teaching physiology. Mr. V.
II. Smith read a treatise on Philo
logy. Many of the audience
thought this referred to stamp
collecting, but Mr. Smith humor-1 but have met with almost any old
ously refuted the statement, explain-1 New Kngland firmer, to get an
ing that "philately," meant stamp- illustration of thepopularprovincial
ology, while "philology, meant scorn everywhere and among every
the study of language. He added , people as to "foreign lingoes" and
that the subject, like the common i the speakers thereof;
law of F.iigland regarding land, I So, as I said above, community
which was a most uncommon law, or at any rate relationship of langu
or the formulae of differential cal- j age h one of the strongest aids,
cuius, doe not appeal to the popular I not only to intercourse, but to
fancy, and unless his heaters liked tolerance, a most extraordinary de
it, why, he did not suppose they Imonstration of which is the fact
kvouh! like it. lie treated the sub- jthnt ihe discovery during the latter
ject first in its broadest sense, and ! half of the Eightenth Century by
later from the stand point of com-j Sir William Jones, that .Sanskrit
parison, both of which were close- and the allied dialects of India were
lv followed by the assembled closely related to the English
teacheis and others present. We
are permitted 10 print in full the I Hindoos were cousins of the Anglo- "like" are two plain, simple, evr-.ry-fiist
part of Mr. Smith's paper, and 'Saxons, practically revolutionized jday monosyllables, democratic and
next week will follow with his J the long run the treatment by unaffected enough to win the vote
article on the inflective or deriva-' England of her great Eastern pos- of a Kansas populist. When you
tive language. ,' session, although for several years I say "man like" even a Chinaman
There was an interesting exhibit j after Sir William had announced couldn't take exception, its just
of school books and material by his theory many of the eminent like Chinese. You think of man
text hook publishers, which can he schohus of Great Hritaiu contested and then you think of something
seen at the Union School and orders ' bitterly the idea, as Professor Max like him; and the "like" could go
for which can be left with Wall ' Muller says, that the classical before the "man" as well as after it;
' Nichols Co., Ililo. Miss Lilinoe
Ilapai delighted the audience with
a vocal solo "Love's Sorrow" by
I Shellev, being accompanied on the
piano by Mrs. J. T. Lewis. Seve-
i
, ral members responded to requests
I for vacation enperiences, which
i proved interestingand entertaining,
I Explorations of craters in the lines of the subject i hand; and
i vicinity or Kilauea and sun basking it therefore seems best, more
on the sea shore appear to have especially as the transition can be
' formed the principal summer made naturally, to pass from the
l amusements. The next meeting of' foregoing statement of the relation
the Teachers' Union will be held between the languages of India and
,on December 2d. The program (those of Euiope to a brief resume
will be in charge of Win. Mc- ,f the classification of languages
Cluckey. Mrs. E N. Hitchcock 'and the methods adopted; methods
and Miss Harriet Hapai. j which are probably more or less
The following is the fust part 'of , familiar to many of you.
i address delivered by Mr. W. II. Languages, like animals and
'Smith, on "Philology:" j plants, are divided in orders, genera,
I Philology is a Greek word, and ! species, and a specie is capable
. is compounded of two other Greek l" almost infinite subdivision down
I words, philos, loving or fond of, the individual, for as a matter of
and logos, language or words. ' fact two of us speak exactly the
1 Don't suppose from this however same language, just as 110 t'wo of
I that philology means a fondness us live the same lives or think the
for conversation, for so far as we ,same thoughts.
know, very few of the gentler but The. most general clasification of
more fluent sex have been prom- j languages is into Monosyllabic,
'incut in Ihe ranks of the philolo- Agglutinative and Inflective. These
(J,j,ts. "my 1,e considered the "orders" of
' The word philology as thus de-,the linguistic world. Chinese is
rived is applied to a rather wide,!"- principal representative 01 tlie
ange of subjects; as for example to. monosyllabic; Hawaiian belongs to
1 he sttidv of language as embodied
in literature, to the stiucture and I i" its present exhaustui. state, giain
syntax of a p.utictihir language, .us ' matically, lo the-inflective.
'embodied in grammar, and to the
derivation and relationship of langu
ages among themselves;- the
last I
being given the specific term of
coinpatative philology, and to
which the subject of this paper is
intended to apply.
The incident of the Tower of
Habel sets fot th a truth as to the
bieaking up of an original langu
age into dialects unintelligible the
one to the speakers of another; al
though the pioress so biiefly set
forth in the Hook of Genesis is one
that must have coveted hundreds
il not thousands of years, and the
leason given is one loo characteristic
of a pagan deity to appeal very con
vincingly to Twentieth Century
conceptions of the Supreme Power.
From earliest times a common
language or similaiity of dialects
have,beeu thestrongest sympathetic
bond between nations, and dis
milarity of speech the greatest
barrier, and not only a barrier, but a i
ground of dislike, suspicion, and
contempt. It is characteristic of
human nature to be suspicious of
what one does not understand; and
I people dealing with each other
through interpreters are never quite
satisfied that the other fellow is not
taking soup' advantage an ex- i
perience so common in this conn-
try that ech one can supply illus
trations for himself. As to the
contempt mentioned above, one need
language, and that accordingly the I
I languages of Gicecc and Rome and
the tongue of the Anglo-Saxon
could be related to the jargon of
'mere savages, as they then con-
Isideretl the people of India.
At this point I am more conscious ! separate words you get sort ol slip
than ever of the impossibility of shod in your pronounciation, you
.giving more than the merest out-
the agglutinative, and hnglisli even
The niouos-, liable, its tip: name
1 implies, arc one syllable languages.
1 Each svllablc t a word mid each
jsiyie.oi speecn ne would De, piitlo
I logically .speaking, a Chinaman.
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
and prepositions, numbers (singular
and plural), persons (first, second
and third) would be all the same to
him, and when he has uttered a
string of them, their intelligibility,
if they had any, to anyone but him
self, would depend upon their ar
rangement and the imagination of
the listener. Several words of
Chinese may be coupled together
sometimes, into one, like a train t f
ears, but they always retain each
its own identity and can be un
coupled at will. It is the simplest
form of speech.
For example, in Cliiuesc, "sui"
means "water," and "lokh,"
"down," "coming down" or "fall
ing." To express the idea corres
ponding to the Fuglish word "rain,"
the Chinese say "lokh-sui," but the
two do not really become one word
expressing a different idea from its
component parts. There remains
in the mind of the speaker the dis
tinctive ideas of "falling" and
"water."
We come now to the nex stage
of development, the languages of
the agglutinative order. As can be
seen from the name, it menus stick
jiug together. One niightcall them
the mucilaginous languages The
mental paste pot has been used on
them. If Chinese had reached this
stage the "lokh" and "sui" which
I instanced above would have
formed a marriage for life instead
of living in a sort of philological
South Dakota, liable to divorce at
any moment. In the mind of the
speaker there would no longer hi
the separate ideas of "down" and
"water," but the single idea "lokh
sui," "rain," and as a result he
would probably, after a little, have
it shortened down to something like
"lohsui." v
We de not need to go outside of
our own language (although it be
longs to" a different order by virtue
of its predominant characteristic) to
obtain futther illustration of that
phase of language development of
which we have been speaking, viz.
agglutination.
g. "man" and
but when you say manlike you
'don't think of "man" and of "like"
but of cei tain qualities expressed by
the one word, and now that you
jhave ceased to be conscious of the
(favor your vocal organs and simply
l say "manly," a full Hedged word
! of the agglutinative type, although
j a simple one. The two woulsare
I permanently united to express a
certain idea which they do not ex-
j' ess taken separately, but the
origin of the two parts is pretty
I clear to every one and the fissure
i left at the point of union is distinct.
A vast number of languages ex
( press all their ideas in this way,
sometimes producing compound
(words of almost interminable length
j especially among the Indian races
j of North Ameiica, which as well as
the races of Malayo-Polynesian ex-
traction and those of Northern and
Central Asia, together with the
Hungarians, Fins, Turks and Laps
of Europe have reached ibis point
in the development of grammatical
1 forms and the cohesion of originally
, independent elements. Those of
'you who are familiar with Hawaiian
, can think of almost numberless iu-
stances ol such word-building where
a single compound expresses an
idea which can only be expressed
in English perhaps by a phrase,
a seu'ence, or even an explaua-
lory paragraph, and it is to be
noticed that the component elements
of these words are but very Utile
disguised, and in general they ait
almost as loosely held together as
aic Chinese compounds
Some of the agglutinative lan
guages, however, like the Hun
garian and Turkish, rise to a point
where to the casual observer they
appear to belong to the next ordei
of speech, namely the inflective; for
they have specific and well recog
nized tei initiations to express the
first, second and third peisous of
verbs, and case and nuiub-r in
nouns; elements which arewinting
in the simpler agglutinative lan
guages like Hawaiian, which as
you know has 110 conjugation of
verb or declension of noun. lint
in the agglutinative, as Professor
Muller says, we can see the process
of word and foim-makiitg going on,
as you might watch the building of
cells in a crystal beehive, while in
the inflectional, to whiph English
belongs, the different portions of a
verb, for instance, in its conjuga-'
lion, have become so welded to
gether in its growth, that only the
piweiful microscope and delicate
dissecting instrumentsof the trained
philologist can separate the compo
nent parts and trace them to their
original forms. To illustsate: The
word "sever" in Turkish means
' lover" or "loving" and "sen"
mtnns "thou;" so the Turk says
"s versen," "loving-thou" corres
ponding to "lovest" in English.
Now while the two parts of "ever
sen" are quite distinguishable in
form and meaning, it is only, as I
said above, by labored investiga
tion that the philologist has been
able to analyze "lovest" and show
that the final "st" is the survival
of an original word "tva," which
thousands of years ago among our
ancestors on the plains of West
Central Asia, meant "thou," so
that lovest means love-thou, just as
seversen does.
Such, then, in brief outline, are
these three orders of human speech;
the monosyllabic is one syllabeled,
where each word like man in his
primitive state, lives an isolated ex-,
istence, and though associated mo
mentarilv with his fellows, never
becomes one with them; the
agglutinative, in which words more
or less permanently unite to express
certain ideas, but like the nomad
races of men who use them, union
does not become in most cases
cohesion; and lastly, the inflective,
in which all elements fuse into one,
leaving but traces of their distinc-1
tive origin, as have those peoples
who compose what is known as the
Anglo-Saxon race and whose
language-is the grandest modern '
representative of the inflective type. '
In one or another of these three
orders all mankind express their ,
thoughts or struggle to express1
them, for, as in the body we see but
as through a glass darkly, so the
soul often finds the most perfect of
human language but a halting and
imperfect means of utterance.
Every noun is in its origin but the
name of some object of sense, and
every verb but the expression of ,
some physical action; so tlut al
though our thoughts like thesparks
fly upward, are drawn back
to earth by the gravitating force of I
theirembodiment in material speech,
- I
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