Detroit tribune. [volume], December 16, 1933, Image 1

About Detroit tribune. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1933-1933

Image provided by: Central Michigan University, Clark Historical Library

                
CLEAN JJRA,
NEWSY
RELIABLF *SC
UNBIASED
VOL. XVI. NO. 4
Rev. Bradby Pleads
For Better Church
and Business Union
ASSAILS THE LOCAL
ANTI CHURCH SPIRIT
Other Pastors Attack
Anti-Church Spirit
In Detroit
Appeals Made For
A Better Alliance
If there Is to be a stronger al
Banco between the business ami
profession:!l men ami women of
Detroit and the chureh, there must
be a change in the attitude of the
professional people toward the
church.
This was tlie message conveyed
to the members of the Noonday
luncheon club of the Hooker T.
Washington Trade Association at
tile St. Louis Case Wednesday
afternoon.
The pastor oi Second Baptist
church, after praising the eflorts
oi the founder of the Booker T.
Washington T. Association, began
to assail those business und profes
sional men anil "women who seek
the aid of tne minister in order to
help them increase the sales of
their product without showing sym
pathy toward the church.
The colored physicians and
should have tin; bulk of
tthe colored trade, but they fall to
take advantage of the great oppor
tunities offered in the churches
by not assuming the responsibilities
of members, he said. The most of
thsm onlv come when they are
material gain.
He further stated that It would
be very unwise for any minister to
advocate to any specific product
from his pulpit. Because of the
many raceketa practiced by some of
the business men, the congrega
tion would immediately arrive el
the conclusion that the minister
was a part of that racket, in*
charge.
The Itev. William Haber, pas
tor of Kbeneier A. M., E. stated
that when he arrived in Detroit h«*
was approched by three undertak
ers at different times who submit
ted commercial propositions to
him for the extension of their bus
iness.
The Ilev. J. It. Lewis, rector of
St. Cyprian church, decried the
anti-church spirit in Detroit, lie
said that it was greater here than
any place lie had ever been. The
Kevs. Janies H. Mastin, Calvary
Baptist; E. M. Kalgler. Peoples
Haptist; John Coleman, St. John
Presybertlan, and E. W. Kelley,
ere other ministers who were in
■"educed. Mrs. Essie F. Shaw pres
ident of the M\islcal Center, pre
sented the musical program. The
Hoosters will have the program for
the next week.
Urge Dr. 1 oodles*
For State Senate
Frionila of I>r. Aaron C. Toodle,
1001 Marston avenuo, who believes
that external civic and economic
circumstanced and the welfare of
tho colored cltlsenry of Detroit de
mand lilh presence in the state
Senate during tho session of the leg
islature in 1»36, are urging him
to enter tho race.
The appeal recently made to Dr.
Toodle, and signed by several
thousands of citizens reads as fol
lows “We, the undersigned voters
of the 3rd, sth 7th wards, Hant
tramck, and other friends believ
ing that you posses the ability and
(nullifications to represent the clt
itens of the Third Senatorial Dis
trict in the next legislature do
hereby urge you to become a can
dldato for senator from that dis
trict. We pledge you our undivided
support and assure you we will
work for your election. ’’
A close friend of Dr. Toodle
stated: "The Doctor's ambition Is
to bo the best he can for the benefit
of the masses, but If being a can
didate for the senate should Inter
fere with his program, I am con
fident Dr. Toodle will not enter the
race. However, if Dr. Toodle can
be Induced to become a candidate,
I am confident ho has a good
chance of being elected, and will
make a good representative for
the masses of our cltlsenry. His
feuallficHttons are on a par with
is qualifications of any, and a
"bore those of many who wi’.l enter
the race."
HI ctr un e
Urit LEADINO NEOKO WEEKLY OP MICHIOMTIHa/
Public Spirited
I <
TtHgy wrjWwnrWM
Dr. It. L. Brad by pastor of
Second Baptist Church, who ud
dressed the Wednesday noon lun
cheon of the Hooker T. Washington
Trade Association this week.
SEEK FUNDS IN
CF.AiVFORD CASE
Rev. King Appeals To
Large Y Audience
KeV. William Herbert King, pas
tor ut Plymouth Congregational
Church, of this city, thrilled a large
and enthusiastic audience at Ht.
Antoine Branch Y. M. C. A. lust
Sunday afternoon, witii an eloquent
and inspirational address on "The
Negro* ’h Second Emmancipation.
The meeting was field under the
auspices of tin* local N. A. A. C. I*.
Branch, for the purpose of ruining
lunds for defraying expenses in
tin* Crawford case, in Virginia.
KeV. Charles Hill, pastor of Hurl
ford avenue Baptist Church, made
the appeal lor donations and u lib
era I contribualon was raised.
Kev. King told Ills hearers that
the Negro’s emancipation from
physical shaklcs was given by
Abraham Lincoln, hut that tlie
second emancipation freedoj i from
economic und political bo dage -
will liuvc to be won by the raco
itself.
The speaker further condemned
the tendency on the part of many
Negroes to "clown”, which he
termed as a habit' formed during
slavery.
in referring to the part which
the churches and clergy of the race
contribute toward the sftlvutlon of
the Negro, Kev. King declared that
in future the race will demand
more from the church in the way
of material salvation.
PROXY HOLDERS URGE
DEPOSITORS TO ACT
Full Pay-Off Sought
From Nat’l Bank
The savings bank depositors
whose money la still, in part, tied
up In tin* Klrst National Hunk, of
Detroit, arc atlll being eanvnHxod
by their own Committee for author
ity to the Committee to represent
them before the Washington auth
oritiea to hurry up a pay off.
This work la being done at the
suggestion of Judge Theodore Itlch
ter, of the Wayne Circuit Court,
before whom some of the proceed
ings relative to the cloacd banka
are conducted. So far nearly 90,000
depositors with about 130 millions
ot deposits, have signed up this
authority. It will require about
twice as many depositors and twice
as much deposits to make tho
complete authority required. There
th( committee has to make a broad
work to get the additions needed.
Under the law, the Deceivers of
the closed hunks can't give out the
names of depositors, or their u
mounts of money in the hanks, so
the Committee has to make a broad
cast appeal to the depositors to
make themselves known and sign
the necessary paper. Among other
sources they are appealing through
this paper.
Tho authority given the Commit-
On Page 0
Phona Randolph 2704
CLAIM NEGROES
OENIED SHARE
OF DAM WORK
Probe Discloses That
White Suprvi h ors
Are Prejudiced
Figures Based On
National Survey
New York -Negroes arc being
denied a fair share of jobs ou
Boulder dam by one man who be
lieves in jim crowism and who
• alls all Negroes "darkies,” it was
revealed thiH week when a report
was received by the National As
sociation for the Advancement ol
Colored People from Leland S.
Hawkins, president of the San
Francisco branch, who made a
personal inestigation at l.as
Vegas, Nev, and Boulder City and
tile dam.
The man is Frank T. Crowe, gen
oral superintendent of the Six
Companies, Inc., which hires most
ol the men on tlie dam.
Mr. Hawkins, who is also ri
member of tlie National Bur Assn
elation which is working Jointly
with the N. A. A. c. p. on employ
ment ut the dam, sends the fol
lowing highlights on the whole
situation:
Ktcrytlilng Separate
The largest number of Negroes
ever employed on the dam was "0 ,
between Auust IS and November
IC, 1932. The total payroll averaged
$20,000 a day, but the Negro pay
roll was only $122.50 a day. At
present only 12 or 14 Negroes ar*
|employed and ther payroll is no?
1 over stt. r » a day. On Nov. i u total
id 4,100 men were working for all
| companies at the dam, with the Six
Companies In*!., having 3,2H9 of
these on its payroll alone, Negroes
lived In the Ktver Camp at the dam
front August 13, 10.12 to March IS
1033 in the separate dormitory,
with separate tables ill tho mess
hall and separato toilets. They
were not ullwcd to drink from the
regular fountain, hut hud their
water brought to thorn in water
hugs. They had ii separate truck to
haul theln to work, u separato
pool table in the recreation room.
Negroes arc permitted to enter
Boulder City, the government
built town, but none live there,
although "arrangements” ar*- being
made to have them live there.
Boulder dam was started in
March, 1931. The government is
spending $105,000,000 on tin l dam,
out of taxes from all the people.
Boulder City was built by the
government at a cost of $2, 000, 0tt0
to be a model city for the em
ployees at the dam. The whole
project is under the supervision of
the department of the interior of
whicli Secretary Harold L. Ickes is
tin- head.
The Hawkins report has been
’forwarded to Harry Slattery, per
sonal assistant to Secretary likes.
Noted Writers Organize
League Against Lynching
New York Some of the most
eminent writers, newspapermen,
editors and publishers in the coun
try met at the offices of the N. A.
A. P. on Monday and organized
th e Writers' League Against
Lynching, which will be an Inde
pendent organisation for the sole
purpose of lighting lynching and
mob violence. Harry Hansen, lit
erary critic of the New York
World - Telegram, is chairman;
Suzanne La Follette, secretary;
Nellß Larsen assistant secretary;
and Lenore Marshall, treasurer,
On tin* executive committee are
John Chamberlain, Clifton Kadi
man, Lewis Gannett, Inez Haynes
Irwin, Dorothy Parker, George H.
Hchupler, Harrison Hinith, Bonja
min Htolberg, Waller White and
Helen Woodward. Among tho
members are Frederick Lewis Allen.
Hherwood Anderson, Carlton lleuls,
Robert Henchley, Roark Bradford,
Sterling Brown, James Brunch
Cabell, Krsklne Caldwell, Stuart
Chase. Cuntee Cullen, Kdna Fer
her, Jessie Fauset Harris, Fannie
Hurst, Alfred A. Knopf, Will Irwin,
Klmor Rice, Mary White Ovington,
Oswald Garrison Vlllard, William
Pickens, Carl Van Doren, Virgin-
Ins Dabney and George Jean Na
than. There are ninety members
(bus far.
NOTICE
Tho Tribune extends n hearty In
t Ration to nil clubs, churches, fra*
ternal orders, athletic teams, and
other local groups and indhlduals.
to send their news Items to these
columns for publication. We make
no charge for news Items,
Successor to The Detroit Leader—Established 1907
DETROIT, MICHIGAN.
Dr. Caliver To Aid
In Negro Relief Work
Washington i (NS) Harry 1..
Hopkins, Federal Kmergency Hi*
lief Administrator, lias announced
the appointment of Dr. Ambrose
Caliver, specialist in the Kducation
of Negroes. Federal Office of Kdu
cation; as a purl time specialist in
Federal emergency relief work In
volving Negro education.
Dr.; Caliver, who has been loan
ed by the Commissioner, of Kdu
cation to be relief adininisrtuiion
for part-time services, will con
tlnue his work in the office of Kdu
cation. His additional part-time
duties will Ik* to give advice in con
ncction with special problems con
cerning emergency education'll
program for Negroes, and to help
in disseminating information to
Negroes and other persons inter
ested in their education.
NOTED LAWERS
RETURNS HOME
Liebowitz Cheered On
New York Return
New York City (CXSI Samuel
S. I .elbow it/. (lie not' il lawyer who
defended (lie Scott shnro hoys re
turned to New York City last
Wednesday, from Deiatur, Ala.
and -00 admirers nave him a rough
hotftli well meant reception at tlm
I’cnitsylvaniii station.
Ills clothes were torn, his hat
was knocked off and trampled and
he was roughly Jostled in the
crush to slap him on the hack or
even to touch Ids clothes.
Joseph V. McKee, who returned
from Washington on the same train
passed the group waiting for the
lawyer entirely unnoticed.
Kour husky men, including two
Negroes, lifted Mr. Lethowltz to
their shoulders. tits hodygard,
l>etw'»inti Harold Kox and Arch
Duly, fought their way to hid aide.
Ten polk'otnen fiwally scattered the
crowd and Mr. Lelbowitz was
hurried to u car. He spent some
hours at home recovering from the
"muullng.”
Medical Student
Rejected At
Woman’s Hospital
Charles Finch, a senior at tin*
l . of M. Medical School, was r"
cently assigned hy lho universiy
to take tile cotirso of study of oh
stetrlcs at Woman’s Hospital m
Detroit.
Tho student physician went to
the hospital, Monday. Dee. 11, hnt
was denied admittance, because of
his color.
order for Dr. Finch to com
pieie his assigned course, it wiil
ho necessary for the 11. of M.
Medincnl School to assign him to
Borne other hospital.
Dunbar Hospital Changes
Name To Parkside Hospital
New Institution Will Hold Open House In
The Building New Years Afternoon
Under anew name, new manage
nient, end with new interior, tin*
Purkside Hospital, formerly the
Dunbar Hospital of tills elty will
present itself for public approval
at an open house celebration on
New Year’s l»ay.
The board of trustees and staff,
composed of some of Detroit’s
most outstanding citizens, are bend
lng every effort to make the open
house party an affair of real merit.
Mrs. Fannie It. Peek, president of
the National and local Housewives
League, will be in direct Churgc of
the reception. She will h assisted
by the full board of trustees and
the medical staff. The reception
will heKln j t 2 I*. M. continuing
until It I’. M.
Purkside Hospital, as It is now*
made up, will have an ‘A’ ruling by
medical authorities.
The per mitel of the trustee
board of the Institution follows:
t\ (\ Ames, M. I)., Fred M. Dutacel,
\V. L. Babcock, M !>., Louis C.
Blount, John (’. I)anry, Walter W.
Dean, Walter J. Fields, Robert
Gretbildge, M. I)., Mrs. Annie M.
(Iroon. Mrs. Nina Humphrey, Don
ah! J. Marshall, Harry S. Pofl,
Mils, Funnln Peck. J. N. Wills,
M. P., Charles R. Webb,
SATURDAY, DEC. 16, 1933
ANTI-LYNCH BILL
IS DRAFTED FOR
NEXT CONGRESS
Colorado Senator In
troduce Measure
To Congress
N«*w York Tlu* first ilrafl of l lie
«'*l«Tal ami lynching hill which
Senator Kdwurd I*. CoKtigun of
Colorado has consented to intro
duco when con kreus meets next
month was completed and a con
ereine upon it will he held till'
, week by leading w hite and colored
lawyers, including many nationally
known experts in constitutional
law', according to announcement o(
the National Association lor tin
Advancement of Colored People,
So many individuals and organ
i/ations have indicated their desire
for a federal hill tlistt the confer
dice this week will endeavor not
only to draft finally the strongest
possible hill, hut to co‘ ordinate
all elforls hehind a single hill so
that there will lie no confusion and
division of action in the the hard
fight ahead in congress.
Tin hill now dratted will lie
scrutinized by the whole legal
committee of the \. A. A. C. I*,
and th< general counsel of the
American civil Liberties I'nion as
"e|| a • by eminent attorneys
Known to hoth organi/.ations Por
tlier emigre, small L. C. Dyer of
.Missouri, father of the Dyer Anti
lynching bill, has written Walter
White, X. A. A. C. I*, set retary, of
sering to aid the new effort in any
I way, even to coming ' » new York
. and speaking and conferring on
I Hie new bill at his own expense.
| The N. A. A. C. I’, asks all Indi
ividuuls, clubs, churches, lodges
1 organizations to begin at once
I uuMdlioiiing all their congressman
land senators, seeking their support
lof the new federal hill.
“Voters should catch their rep
resentatlves and senators now, IJE
FOfIK they leave for Washington,"
said Mr, White. "Walt upon them
with mall committees, write them
or telegraph them, asking for a
written statement of their position
on a federal anti-lynching hill.
"This light to get such a hill
through the next congress will he
a difficult one and will require a
united and iineeasim; campaign. A
greatlv aroused public opinion is
with us, hut only hy sustained cf ■
fort in cooperation with other na
tional groups who want such a hill
can we finally put it through. I do
not need to*way that such a tight
costs money. Colored people should
he willing to put more money lie
hind an anti lynching fight than
anyone else because they are the
chief victims of the lynch law.
Contributions may he sent to tut
Fifth avenue, New York City."
New York.
Chairman
Mrs. Fannie Peck, president of
the national and local House wives*
I
League, who will be In charge nt
the "Open House** celebration at
Parkside Hospital, Dotroit, on
New Year’s Day, ,
Fiendish Texas Mob,
Cheated By Bullets,
Burn Man’s Body
NINE TO DIE IN ALABAMA
Montgomery, Ala.—A mass execution unparal
leled in Alabama’s history, was decreed here Thurdsay
when the State Supreme Court confirmed the death sen
tences of eight men and a woman, all convicted of mur
der,
The condemned prisoners are all Negroes. They
will l>e electrocuted on Feb. “DY
Many unbiased citizens look upon the proposed
wholesale execution of these nine Negroes, as an ex
pression of the desire of Alabama to retaliate. It i
though! to be resentment against the temporary frustra
tion of Alabama's ellorts to railroad the nine Scottsboro
boys to the electric chair .
Government has Power To
Act Against Vicious Mobs
Constiution Cited To Show U. S. Power
To Curb Mob Violence
New York The brief showing
ttie federal government lias the
the power under existing laws to
Intervene and press the prosecu ,
tlon of the Tusealoosa, Ala. oft l l
t era wno permitted a double lynch
ing i was printed and distributed
this week toy the National Associa
tion for the Advancement of Col
lored People. The brief was drawn!
I by Messrs. Charles H. Houston, Ed-/
ward I’. Lovett and Leon A. Han
som of Washington, D. C.
( (institution ( lied
‘ The gemral contention is that
under sccton 52, chapter •'!, title IS
of tli* 1 I lilted States code <K. S.
510) the sherrlff of Tuscaloosa
county cun be prosecuted in the
federal courts because he willfully
subjected two inhabitants, (Dai
I’tppeii Jr. and A. T. Harden l of
tin* stall* of Alabama to tin* depri
vation of rights secured and pro
tented by tin* constitution and laws
of tin* I'nlted States or to different
Exams Scheduled For
U. S. Civil Service
Washington (CNSI The l\ S.
Civil Service Commission an
nounces among other examination:!
tho fnllowug:
Junior Tubulating Machine
Operators, $1,440 a year, llndei
Cat I Punch Operator. $1,2(10 a
year, departmental service Wash
ington, D. and Held service.
Applications will he received from
persons w lio have reached their
Hot li but not their .Mini birthday on
January 4 except that veterans may
tie examined without regard to age
limits. These age limits are tlxed
in ths reannouncemeut because ur>
examination for these positions
was recently held which afforded
opportunity of competing to appli
cants between the ages of lk to 35
years. Application Form 8. An
nouncement 1 (Assembled). Closing
January 4, 19.14.
Junior Calculating Machlng
Operator, $1,440 u year, depart
mental serlce, Washington, D. C.
and Held service. Applications will
he received from persons who have
reached (her 35th but not their
f ird birthday or January 5, except
that veterans may he examined
without regard to age limits. These
age limits are lixed in this rean
iiounerment because of examina
tion for this position was recently
held which afforded opportunity of
competing to applicants between
the ages of 18 and 35 years. Ap
plication Form 8. Announcement 2
lAssembledl. Closing date, Jan
nary 5, 1934,
0
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS
If yon do not receive jour copy
of Hie Detroit Tribune every week,
please call vip the ofllce -
Kandolpli 2704. We want every
paid anhseriber to get their paper
regularly, before Sunday of eaeh
week.
Office 2146 St. Antoiae
punishments, pains or penalties, by
reason of tlieir ra<i- and color,
titan ar«.' prescribed tor lit*.* punish
i mt’iii of dll'Min,
The hrlet wan drawn at the re 1
l quest ot Allortiey Uvnurul Homer'
IS. (nmnilup*. H haw been wnbmM
/red to bis office end ie being stud
s fed by him and his assistants. Re-I
reuse of tho Importance of tbp sub-1
Jed, file .V A. A. <'. P, hue sent I
the brief to uII senators. governor#,
attorney# general and #tate bar us
social lon#. Also to u selected list
of daily newspaper# covering all
state# in the country to weekly
I papers, leading magazine# of opiti
ton, to leading newspaper# in Can
ada, Mexico, South America, Kur
ope, including Russia, and Japan.
Also the Philippine and Hawaii!)
islands, Cuba and Jamaica, Inter
ested persons cun secure copies
h> sending or mailing fifteen cents
in stamps to the X. A. A. C. i\, t!9 ■
Fifth avenue, New York.
ST. ANTOINE Y OFFERS
SPECIAL COURSES
Opportunities Free To
All Citizens
The St. Antoine Brain h Y. M. C.
A. is extending its area of service
into the field of formal education.
A committee of interested people
have been working for the past i\
week# on a course of study that
would meet the needs of those peo
ple having the inclination for cul
tural development and personal
growth. The courses offered have
been selected after due consider
atlon of adult Interest# and cmplias
i# will be placed on their special
value as leisure time activtes.
The “Y” Kducatonal Committee
announces that their classes will
begin Monday, January la, with a
registration period beginning Jan
uary 3, and closing January 12.
Mondays, Tuesday# and Thursdays
will tie the time of the classes an I
the courses will cover a period of
ten weeks. The Committee has
given much thought to the matter
of fees and lias come to the decision
that the work will be offered free.
The invitation to enroll Is extended
to all interested nren and women of
the ' ater Detroit urea.
Ti lollowing Is tin* tentative list
nt courses to he offered, along
with the tnstrutors:
Public Speaking; Instructor, Al
fred Stevensnn, A. B„ Lincoln I’n
diversity; Graduate student West
ern lteservo University, Cleveland,
Ohio; at present graduate student
at Detroit City College, majoring In
speech.
Praliamentary laiw Instructor, V
Le Itron Simmons, A. It. University
of Michigan; Senior law student
University of Detroit.
Spanish—lnstructor Ko6ert / K.
Hayden, student Detroit Citw'Col
(Continued on Png* ®l
IT PAYS TO
ADVERTISE
* IN
THE TRIBUNE
PRICE FIVE CENT?
SHERIFF TU P NS MAN
OVEI. 10 ANGRY MOB
Former Convict Had
Been Killed In
Church Belfry
Drag Victim’s Body
Through The Streets
Kountze, Texas K'XSI — As if ir.
definanre of tlte outspoken con
temuation of lyn* hing as murder
Ity I’resilient Roosevelt on Wednes
day, Dei diiln r *>, u frenzied mob
slaked its third for blood and
\engiatne lit re today in one of tho
most gruesome mob performances/
ot Texas' liistory. /
Angry citizens s*'i/.etl the body c
I>;*% itl llregory, former Negro to*
vnt, from a sheriff's posse that V
•dim him down, dragged the body
through the streets, eut up tho
body, ami threw it into a blazing
pyre.
tirepory hud been accused of as
saulting and murdering Mrs. Nellie
Williams brut kman and had been
hunted tor more than a week.
, sheriff Mtii-s .lordan and members
lof his posse saltl they trailed the
\ tuspeci t*> a church at Vogjx **pd
J openfcd n.t alien
I refund to and made" c
I move as though he Intended to
shoot. With tlielr prisoner bleeding
profusely, officers started toward
♦range, where they expected to
lodge the mao In Jail for safe
keeping. The prisoner died on the
way, and the sheriff and party
Headed back to Knuntze,
As they neared here, a crowd;
estimated at 300 persons gathereiy
met (lie sheriff and seized the bod/
A I# in fire was lighted and after t /
b<>d\ had been dragged through’'
the s'reels, and mutilated, it was
tossed inift the flumes.
ILLITERACY DROPS
AMONG CITY LIVERS
Washington, D. <\ The Bureau
of the Census umiounnees that the
per cent Negro illiteracy in the 5J
title ot the l idled States having
15,000 nr more inhabitants general
ly decreased, according to reports,
census oi 1 !»::<». The Bureau defines
a# illiterates any person i years
of age who is not abb* to read ami
write either in Knglish or in some
other language. New Orleaus re
ported the greatest Dumber of Il
literates in 1930 as in 1920, but
Charleston, S. C., reported the
highest, percentage of illiteracy in
1 !»•'?<•, having displaced Montgomery
which had the highest in 1920. Only
:! of these cities in 1930, as compar
ed with II in 1920, reported 20 per
cent nr more of the Negro inhab
itants 10 years old and over as il
literate. The live cities for which
the highest percentages of illiteracy
were reported in 1930, wero, in tho
order named. Charleston and Colum
Ida, s. <charlotte, Montgomery,
and Itcaumont. itoston and Atlantic
City were the only cities in 1930
that reported leas than 2 per-cent
Negro illiteracy; 12 other cities less
than T> per cent. For Charleston,
Mf-ijiil, Newark, nnd Tampa the
percent illiterate was higher In 1930
than 1920, In Boston, New York
(Mil* ago ami Gary, a higher per
centage of illiterates, 10 years old
and over was reported for the white
than tor the Negro population.
That Illiteracy is confined- al
most wholly to the adult Negro pop
ulation in theso cities Is Indicated
by the fact that in only 12 of the
P3 cities included in the tabulation
did Negro Illiterates under 21 years
of age constitute r» per cent or more
of the local number. These were
Atlanta, Augusta, Macon. Savannah
Miami, Jackson, Miss., New fork,
Charlotte; Durham, Winston-Salem
Charleston a fid Columbia.
For the white population 10 year*
old and over the highest percent
ages of illiteracy for 1930 were re
ported for Gary, Newark. New York
and Cleveland due to the relatively
high proportion of foreign born
adulta.