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,J. &&ZkM. jiffi$ifr IqN IE APPEAL KEEPS IN FRONT VOL. 28. NO. 42. S2!OjflLT7SSk *~35 to publish all th* a possible. rit don so impartially, wasting no words "Its oorrsspondents are able and oaergotfo. ECAUSE the crater of a boiling, seething volcano is directly beneath this city of 150,000 souls, in all prob ability Guadalajara, which is the state capital of Jalisco, will be mov ed to a point some distance from what scientists say is to be one or the most active volcanoes on the en tire American continent. The sub- _ terranean volcano has caused 340 earthquakes in the last three months. Twice, -oucu in July and once in August, the shocks be came so heavy that they practically depopulated the city for nearly a week on each occasion. Seven scientists headed by Prof. Ramon Leon of the soismographic branch of the National Ob servator^sftave just finished a report on the auakes -Nfctifie4e causes. They declare that Guads^tfara, Wltijrjta *W 00 inhabitants, is built 1n tjttSSWfflfer of a aHaoi^JBojA#^ras abdWWOtars agtr--BetWPTOSafc they add, Is the center of this crater, in which a new crater has formed, likely to break out at any time. They warn the residents of Guadalajara that be neath them is an enormous caldron of molten stone and burning coal and sulphur combined with gases which come from still further down In the bowls of tho earth. The report urges that tho city be moved, or that at least the inhabitants abaudon it immediately. The center of the crater la located a trifle west of the main plaza and practically under the state palace or capitol of the state of Jalisco. Scientific measurements, soundings with a dia mond drill and experiments with the gases which have been pouring through cracks in the earth In the city are given, with detailed results of the study. Professor Leon and his associates deduce that as surely as science can forecast the city will bo destroyed by this buried crater, which they say is enormous, though they admit that th\ cannot with accuracy foretell when the vol cano will burst forth. They Infer that the destruction will come with in a year, for they say that the volcano, whose -caldion is placed 300 feet below the surface of the jarth is what is known as ripe for the ex plosion. The report goes on to say that this is the first instance -in the history of the world In which a city has been located over the crater of a volcano and that the heat from the burled bowl of fire accounts for the warm climate of Guada lajara, which, while 5,000 feet above the sea, has tho temperature all the year round of a coastal resort, with practically no change between sum mer and winter. Increasing heat noticed in this part of Jalisco for the past year and recorded by the local branch of the government weather bureau first gave Pro fessor Leon the idea that subterranean fires were responsible for the climate. Then came the earth quakes, the opening of Assures in the main streets of the capital of the state, and the escape of large volumes of sulphur laden gases from these fissures. Fullest publicity is being given to the report here, and government officials are seriously con sidering the removal of the capital to Juanacat lan on the Santiago river. The removal will follow tho taking away of all the government papers, which have been transferred to Mexico City already. The state palace or capitol In Guadalajara is one of the largest and most beautiful of all the buildings of Its kind in Mexico and cost approximately 7,000,- 000 pesos. It fronts on the main plaza or public square and occupies one entire end, being nearly three hundred yards in length. Guaralajara Is the second city in the republic, ranking next to Mexico City in population and above it in wealth, being second only to Merlda, Yucatan, in this respect. It is the market place of two of the richest states in Mexico. Jalisco and Michoacan, and Is commonly called "the Pearl of the Occident," while the surrounding territory is known as the granary of Mexico. For these reasons the people who live here are loath to leave the city. The Catholic church will be especially hard hit if the removal idea is car ried out. The cathedral, which Is one of the fin est in Mexico, contains more gold and silver orna ments than any other church save the cathedral of Puebla, and has in addition the distinction of having been completed in 161& and of having been almost destroyed by an earthquake In 1750. It was severely shaken.In 1818, and cracked in three places by the first series of the 340 quakes of the past three months, in June, 1912. The towers are 200 feet high, Byzantine in construc tion and the structure occupies one of the most valuable pieces of land in Guadalajara. The most precious art possession of the entire republic is contained in the sacristy of the cathe dral. It is Murtllo's painting of the "Assumption of the Virgin," and it hangs directly above the entrance. In point of color and freshness this painting Is better than any Murillo now known to the art world of Europe or America, while the & ive act \f*am tfte JS4&P work is one of the-beat examples of the famous-l master. The beauty of this canvas has attracted thou sands, and not a few offers have been made to purchase it, one of $250,000 coming from a New York financier. Seven times thieves have at tempted to cut It from HB frame, but each time they were foiled by the vigilance of the priests. Four of the would-be robbers were captured and are now serving terms or have died in the pris ons of Jalisco. In June, 1818, when the cathedral was nearly destroyed, the section of wall on which this painting is fastened stood through all the quake. In June, 1912, when a crack more than a foot wide was opened in the top of the wall above this painting the gash ran downward almost to the' end of the mahogany frame and then divided into two cracks or fissures, encircling the can vas, but never touching It. The Indians believe, and the priests aid them in this belief, that noth ing can harm "la santissima Virgen de Guada lajara," and so far the terrific tremblers have failed to injure it in the least. The canvas was given to the Guadalajara dio cese by the king of Spain shortly after the Penin sular war as a mark of gratitude for the large sums of money turned over to the crown by this branch of the church in Mexico and it was hid den ten years in a niche in the cathedral to keep it from the French at the time of the occupation of Mexico. "The top of the bowl of the crater beneath Guadalajara," said Professor Garcia while here, "is approximately 1,500 feet in diameter, but the actual bowl is much wider. I should say It Is a quarter of a mile in width, and how deep no man can say. "The composition of the escaping gases Indi cates that they are coming from burning coal and sulphur in a molten state, precisely the com bination which causes the eruptions of Mount Colima, the only active volcano on the North American continent, about 90 miles due south of Guadalajara. Undoubtedly Colima, which blows off in a regular eruption about the middle of every September, is connected in some unknown manner with the hot springs, miniature geysers and many dead volcanoes which cover the ter ritory reaching from the southern end of the Sierra Nayarit, about 60 miles north of Guada lajara, to the sea at Manzanillo. "I would not care to prophesy, but I believe that the annual fall eruption of Colima will see some sort of disturbance here, though it may be only heavy earthquakes and not the breaking out of the volcano. We ran diamond drills so deep into the earth in the center of Guadalajara that they came back almost red hot. no matter how slowly we operated them. We lowered the best thermometers into the holes made by these drills and they recorded heat beyond the melting point of lead. "We analyzed the gases coming from the fis sures in various parts of the city and we found that they were not surface gases, coming from pockets in the earth and released by the earth quake, but that they exhibited all the character istics of gases which have been taken from the vents of Colima and Popocatepetl volcanoes. "Lastly we traced the scores of earthquake shocks which were felt here during the ten days of our stay and we found that every one was volcanic in Its origin and not caused by the slip ping of faults in the earth, as are some of the coastal quakes of this country and the United States. All were trepidatory, that Is to say, up and down quakes, usually local in character and not oscillatory, as are most earthquakes which extend over a large section of the world's sui* face. v**' "This was our first hint that the quakes were volcanicthe confined area over which the" tremors were felt. Then the seismograph, which was brought here from Mexico City and set up, indicated with its needle finger that the source of the shocks were almost beneath the city. "We knew the quakes were volcanic and con- Defective Page fined to an area not fnorb tl|an 100 miles in diameter." Neither ^Colima nor any other volcano in Mexico was in eruption. We had 166% closer to Guadalajara for t&", cause. We made a trip through, t|e surrounding country and discovered^ that ^he city lies in the center of w^at waA .once a volcano. W "The walls of this" ianclehl^ crater are fully 15 miles on Tall* sidW from the city. Prom the clfaracter-jof the stone composing these walls their evidences of firejahd the condition of the lava fragnfcfots wfclch Utter the bowl of the crater, I sfopiild say it was last active from l,800rto 2,000, years ago. "The which zjs)irrourids the city on Ml sides i3 the wall oW this,, ancient crater. M)n north and eajfl:, yqk' know, the plateau of- Mexico slopes downward to these ranges on the west ah& south the an cient volcano "wall slopes away 5,000 feet downward through some 1% or 80 miles to the Pacjflc oofean. This was an_ idea?" location for a ^volcano/ and pre cisely *Now, in the centerjeT ountaih range ,sfatfiajf to the lo cation of Colima, still antj Orizaba, hflelkiU smok- noj| 'been ac- ars. "whlcTr i must have been larger than any volcano drwhlch we have knowledge at the present day, was the blow hole, or vent. Over this blow hole the Spaniards who conquered Mexico set up the city of Guadalajara, little thinking that they were se lecting a veritable death trap for their settle ment. Slowly through the eighteen or twenty centuries since it was last active this central melting pot of the old volcano has been forming a new and equally powerful mass of molten ma terial, which sooner or later will blow Guadala jara off the face of the earth. "An earthquake, landslides, cloudbursts or other elemental disturbances filled the opening of this ancient crater with a cap 300 feet In thick ness. This cap, much thicker than that which any other volcano has had to blow off, Is the only thing that has saved Guadalajara from destruc tion years ago. How long it will protect the city now is a question no man can answer and prove the answer. It may be years to my mind It is a matter of months in any event, I believe that the only way to save the capital is to move it bodily and move it while there is time to do so." Aside from its scientific interest, and from the unique situation of a city built on a volcano, there remains the very practical problem which confronts Guadalajarathe job of moving a city of 150,000 souls to a new location. So far, Juana catlan is the most likely candidate for the honor of being the capital of Jalisco, but there are a number of other towns out of range of the burled crater, all of which will be considered before the change is made. All sorts of wild propositions to tap the crater and draw off the menacing fires have been made to the authorities of Guadalajara, but the men of science say there Is no way to curb the demon of fire-caged by nature below and that the city must be removed or it will be destroyed. One man proposed to turn the waters of the Santiago river into a huge tunnel, driven to the heart of the crater, but the earthquake specialists quickly informed the city officials that this merely would cause an immediate and more terrible explosion than If the crater were left to Itself. Another man offered to tunnel into the crater from a point five miles outside the city, and on the slightly lower or western side, and let the contents of the crater flow out. He was disap pointed when informed that his tunnel would have to be about 500 feet in diameter and that the heat would be so great a hundred feet from the inner end of the tunnel that human beings could not endure it. Thus it appears that unless a "surgeon for earthquakes" appears, and that very shortly, Guadalajara will have to pick up her houses and move to a new location. The result to real estate owners and men who have bought or built some of the fine blocks which mark the main streets! of the Jalisco capital will be financial ruin. Some of these men profess to doubt the word of the scientists and to believe that the city is safe. They will throw their influence and their votes against moving the city unless they can be convinced that there is a very real personal dan ger for themselves and their families. PATERNAL W1SDO% "Son, are you really determined to ried?" "Yes, father." "And you feel that you can support a wife?" "Oh, yes." i "Well, just remember that She dlctonary *ayi 'to support' also mepe 'to endure.'" A PROFESSIONAL TRICK. The Young Lawyer^How do you expect t prove that your client 1B mentally irresponsible1 The Old Lawyer- -Easy enough. His wife hai preserved all his old love letters and I'm going "read 'em to the jury ic-i mar New Orleans.A merry war has. been going on all summer in Costa Ricaa Central American republic re markably free*from political upheavals -between the United Fruit company and its new competitor, the Atlantic Fruit company, and the question at Issue has been bananas. The United practically owns the available rail road, has had a monopoly of the re public's banana trade for years past and is using every effort, even to a show of armed force,, to crush its younger rival. It is all supreme in both the banana and coffee country and its lease of the Costa Rican Northern railroad insures its domina tion. That road was begun in 1871 by an American, Minor C. Keith, now vice president of the United, and it took 20 years to complete the line from Port Limon of the Atlantic to San Jose, the capital, a distance of 103 miles. It is said that at one period Keith succeeded in working his em ployes eleven months without a single pay day, the personality of the man being strong enough to hold his labor ers on faith. The money was eventu ally forthcoming and there are old men in Port Limon today who declare with pride that they are "*71 men," '72 men," as the case may be, re ferring to the date on which they entered Mr. Keith's service in the con struction of the railroad. The United Fruit company owns 200,000 acres of banana lands on the Atlantic seaboard of Costa Rica. On these lands it produces about 42 per cent of all the bananas grown in the republic. It buys all the bananas that native growers can produce. To tap the banana districts, from the main line extend a number of branches and from these branches oth er spurs and tramways, the whole forming a system of veins and arteries for the transportation of bananas. The main line is a common carrier of both passengers and freight. Dis crimination by the fruit company is supposed to be impossible under the termruf ttrlesBe: However, ^wfcen thr Atlantic Fruit company ver ^ed in! this summer they discovered that discrimination was an actual fact, I lease or no lease, and that they were up against a lack of' all facilities for the shipment of their i fruit. The total value of Costa Rica's export of bananas averages $4,000,000, annually, second only to that of Ja-j maica. Hitherto the company has either grown or bought all the ba nanas produced in Costa Rica so there Branch of Banana Tree. fs little wonder- it looks askance at a formidable competitor. The fruit of the banana today forms, in large part, the principal food of a majority of the peoples living under the tropical 0zone. Several species and numerous varieties of the plant appear throughout tropical Amer ica, but it is cultivated for commercial purposes in appreciable quantities only along the Atlantic border, from southern Mexico to Colombia, in Ja maica, Cuba, San Domingo, and the Bahamas, the far western markets of the United States being supplied from the Hawaiian islands and Mexico's south Pacific coast. HIS DOG GIVES HIM A COAT Missouri Hunter Makes One Skins of Coons His Pet Caught. From Fulton, Mo.J. L. Sappington, a hunter living near here, will be pro tected from the cold this winter by an overcoat made from hides of coons caught by his famous coon dog, "Buck." The coat is made from the skins of 30 of the 132 animals cap* tared by the faithful "Buck." New.Beauty Recipe. New York.Mrs. Otto Weil! has re turned from Paris with this beauty recipe: Bat sparingly, drink sparing, ly, walk considerably, dream never, and gossip not at aU. \^_ "'?,t- r&st ^'~~.&:~ DANISH WOMAN IN NEW "ROLE Daughter of Prime Minister Berntsen Has Had Herself Apprenticed to a Cabinet Maker. Copenhagen.Every now and then Denmark sets class distinctions at naught and achieves, for an old world coutry, new records in democracy. Peasants become cabinet ministers nowadays without exciting much com ment, but there was something of a sensation when the daughter of Ole Hansen, then minister of agriculture, went In for domestic service. She however, has now been out done by Miss Anny Berntsen, daugh ter of the present prime minister, Mr. Klaus Berntsen, who has had her self apprenticed to a cabinet maker and is daily undertaking the ordinary work of a male apprentice. True, the cabinet maker is herself a woman, Miss Katrine Horsbol, who in her time served her apprenticeship in works where she had only male work men as companions. Since she began business for hersejf she has developed Miss Amy Berntsen. i strong trade connection, and her es tablishment now ranks among the best in Copenhagen. Premier Berntsen has proved an able leader of the government, his long experience in the lower house proving of the. utmost value. His daughter is engaged to be married, but he fully approves of lier developing her manual and mental capabilities to the greatest extent so that she may become as efficient a cabinet maker as he' is a cabinet minister. MARBLE LIGHTS ARE BEST German Inventors Patent New System of Illumination That Is Like Day. Berlin.Patents have just been taken out for using marble instead of glass in lamps, which has the effect of making the illumination scarcely dis tinguishable from daylight. Innumerable experiments have been made with tinted and patterned types of glass with the idea of producing this effect, but all have been failures. As a last resource a sheet of white marble was planed down until it was aenii-transparent and then diiforent in tensities of light were shown from be hind. The result was exactly what so many hundreds o experiments had failed to produce. Developing this discovery, the pat entees have fitted lights to the cornice of a room with such success that it is difficult to convince anyone that it is artificially lighted. STAKED HIS LIFE ON CARDS A New York Walter Kills Himself on Losing in Solitaire Game. New York.Robert Schweizer, a waiter out of work, determined his fate by playing solitaire in his lodg ings and killed himself with gas. Be side^ the bed on which his body lay when it was discovered, he had pulled up a table. On it lay cards laid out so that.they showed that he had been "stuck" trying to carry through the game of Canfield. Beside the cards lay a penciled tally on a sheet of paper. It indicated that he had tried the game thirteen times unsuccessfully before putting a gas tube in his mouth and ending his life. Under the tally was scrawled: "I lose. My time has come. R. S." KISSING ROBBER IS ROUTED Mrs. W. C. Laidey Lets Him Take Her Money, but Fights His Efforts to Hug. Chicago.A robber with a mania for hugging his women victims ap peared on the south side. He accost ed Mrs. W. -C. Laidey of 949 East Sixty-fifth street as she was crossing Drexel avenue on a walk home from a Cottage Grove avenue car. He grab bed her mesh bag, which contained only a small sum, but was not content with the money. Me demanded a few kisses, Mrs. Laidey screamed and fought the footuad's advances and he fled, but did not leave thiMhandbag be hind.'H? i *-ft is the organ of ALL Afro-Americans. 5-It is not controlled by any ring or clique, oIt asks no support tat the people's. 8cant Bathing Soils tV^ New York.Tony Tasseldo, eight years old, went swimming clad only in a coat of tan in the city hall park fountain. A horrified policeman chas ed Tony a block before he caught 'F' MINNESOT A W ^^m^m ISTORICAff HE APPEAL STEADILY 6AINS J2.40 PER YEAK- English Expedition to Search for Lost Continent. Coast of Yucatan the Scene of the Op erations, and Result May Be the Discovery of the Much Discussed Atlantis. London.Yet another party of treas ure hunters has sailed from England. This time the search is for no paltry hoard hidden by an old time pirate, nor- for a mere million or two of glden doubloons sunk in some Spanish gal leon. This latest expedition is to go diving for a lost continent, Atlantis perhaps, and salvage the countless millions worth of gold and gems and art treasures of the sunken cities of a region as large as all Europe. At the head of the expedition is Bernard Meekham, an English explor er. His plans include the employment of a huge floating dry dock, at least a dozen submarines for work on the sea bottom and a hundred or more ex pert divers. For nearly a hundred years, says Meekham, Yucatan fishermen, have been bringing up from the waters along the coast beautifully carved stones, vaseB and small objects of gold and silver. These fishermen are Maya Indians, who believes themselves to be the descendants of a once mighty race. They hold these treas ures of the deep as sacred and when asked where they get them reply that they have been given them by Iheir forefathers. The reports of these finds led Meek ham to explore the ruined cities of ancient civilization scattered all along the coast of Yucatan. He thus became convinced of the existence of a once populous and rich country, swallowed by the sea long ages ago, but still ac cessible. First of all, engineers and investi gators were sent to Yucatan. Their reports showed that the country mark ed for exploitation had apparently sunk over an immense Irregular land surface stretching along the twentieth parallel and breaking away from what is now the northern coast of South America and the eastern coast of Cen tral America. Further observations showed that the temples, palaces and houses which formed the cities of this lost country were in far better condi tion than the. land-buried cities of Yucatan and Gua+nala. Several valuable objects of gold and silver en crusted with jewels and recovered by the crude methods necessarily em ployed by the searchers made it prac tically certain that the inhabitants of the doomed land had not had time to escape with their wealth before the final catastrope. These discoveries, together with the traces found in the burled cities of Yucatan of a once powerful and en lightened race, indicate a wonderful civilization that was in existence long before the days of Egypt or Babylon. Even when the Spanish conquista dores Invaded Yucatan these mysteri ous cities had been in ruins for cen turies. Submarines and divers will be em ployed to explore and loot the sunken cities. These submarines of the curl. Ruined City in Yucatan, ous Pino type, fitted with steel arms ending in immense claws controlled from within the boat,'will crawl about the sunken cities and carry the treas ures which the drivers bring them to the under water platform of the huge dry dock above. From the surface of the sea steel tubes will also drop into the depths of the Caribbean, and from their ends will pour streams of light, illuminating street where only the scaly denizens of the deep have wan dered for untold ages. MINT TEA ALL THE RAGE "Everybody's Doin' It" in London and Ordinary Ceylon and Chinese Brands Are Barred. London.If you want to be in the fashion you must drink mint tea. Ordinary Ceylon or China won't do, and, anyway, mint tea is fine for the complexion. Grand Duchess George of Russia says so. Mint tea is all the rage in the fashionable houses of Bel gravia and Mayfair, and owes its in troduction to the Russian princess. Tries Odd Suicide in Jail. Huntingdon,' Pa.By swallowing match heads and ground glass, Frank Ronello, on trial for murder, tried to commit suicide. Sticking his hand kerchief in his mouth when physicians responded to the call, he refused tc swallow medicine and had to be held while hypodermics wero used to com pel him to vomit. He was gotten oui of danger and then a JUT convictej him. J&&!lfl&sai. Muni '.iMMmmiisuMm^mie^^ Wi&u^^^^6^M3^v^^^&$iM