Springfield weekly Republican. [volume], September 09, 1909, Page 4, Image 4

About Springfield weekly Republican. [volume] (Springfield, Mass.) 1851-1946

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4
GREAT BRITAIN REVISITED.
OBSERVATIONS OF DAVID POWER.
IRELAND PROSPEROUS AT LAST.
Local Man’* Interesting Summer
Journey—His Visit to London nnd
Parliament — Interviewed Cabinet
Members and Women Politicians
From New Zealand.
David power and his daughter of this
city recently returned from a short visit
to Ireland and England. Mr Power, who
is a keen observer, saw many interesting
things on his trip that are not usually
seen by ordinary tourists and he had the
privilege of meeting some of the leaders
in the British cabinet, including the
premier, H. H. Asquith and David Lloyd-
George, the chancellor of the exchequer.
He was greatly impressed with the im
provement that has taken place in Ire-
PREMIER H. H. ASQUITH.
land since the passage of the land bill a
few years ago.
Mr and Miss Power left Boston the lat
ter part of June on the Irernia of the
Cunard line. They landed at Queenstown
after an uneventful journey. Mr Power
is a great lover of Ireland and in bis
opipiou there is nothing that can touch
the beauty of Queenstown harbor with
its rugged cliffs and green-clad hills. Mr
Power visited the home of his youth in
southern Ireland. Blarney castle. Cork,
Waterford and other places of interest in
the land of Erin, they arrived at Car
rick on a Saturday night and they spent
the night there. This is only a few miles
from Churchtown where Mr BoWer lived
as a 'Ay. The proprietor of the Imperial
hotel at Carrick where they stayed cm e
lived in America for eight or nine years
and for that reason he nnd Mr Power had
a chance to talk over American and Irish
affairs. At Carrick. Mr Power saw his
old friend, Mgr Flynn.
Sunday morning they drove over to
Churchtown in an Irish jaunting car.
This is a two-wheeled cart with seats on
the sides so that the occupants sit with
their backs to each other. The roads in
Ireland are the best in the world and
in one of the carts one can travel very
comfortably. The old homestead at
Churchtown is now owned by a cousin of
Mr Power, which makes it seem still moie
like his own home. Mr Power was much
interested in the school at Churchtown
where ho himself received his edueatiou
before coming to the States. This school
was founded in 1846 The teacher re
ceives a salary of S3OO a yean together
with house-rent free. This is an excellent
salary as the purchasing power of money
is far greater in Ireland than it is h^re.
There are 80 pupils in the school and the
teacher has one assistant in the person
of one of the more advanced boys of her
classes. The graduates of the school pass
the civil-service examinations and the
work done there is of high order for a
school in the country districts, and Mr
Power believes that it compares favorably
with the schools in the country here. The
teacher, who is a young matron, is bright
and knows her business well. It pleased
Mr Power to see that the educational
feature of the country is being eared for
so well.
Improved Conditions of Ireland.
Mr Power went to Ireland in 1903 and
for that reason he was able to compare
the state of the country now with what
it was just before the passage of the land
act which enables the tenants Io buy the
land they occupy. There was practically
no change discernable in 11KI3 as com
pared with 60 years before. The country
still had the same down-trodden and un-.
prosperous look. There had been appar
ently no progress in the country. The
transformation since 1903 is nothing short
of marvelous. It will be remembered that
the land act enabled the tenants to borrow
the money necessary to buy the land they
occupied at a nominal rate of interest
from the government. This act has been
the means of the salvation of Ireland,
whereas, the tenants had no inducement
to improve the land and to raise th'dr own
position because of the rents which were
always raised by the landowner in pro
portion to improvements made by the
tenant, the people of the soil now have
the necessary money and security to buy
the land and to improve it. Barns, stables
and other improvements are being erected
on the farms and the farmers are get
ting really quite prosperous. Thomas
Power, a relative of Mr Power, who had
considered the advisability of removing
from the country has decided to remain,
as he believes that the chances es success
are good in the old country now. He not
only owns his own farm now but he also
hires outside land for his cattle and gar
dens. This was an unheard-of thing be
fore the pasage of the Irish land act in
1903.
The weather lias been excellent in Ire
land this summer and the crops all over
the island are in a flourishing condition,
and Mr Power saw abundant signs of a
large harvest this fall. It is usually damp
nnd rainy there, but this year rhe weather
has been dry and the crops have benefited
accordingly. Mr Power believes that the
yield this year will be far better than in
any recent years. While it is nor to he
compared with the great grain country of
the West, it is fully as fertile as the
best parts of New England.
The chances are good for anyone in Ire
land who has energy in him. Of course
a lazy man or one who is not ambitious
and industrious will not make a success
there any more than he will anywhere
else. But a man who will work bard
and save has as good a chance in Erin
as he would in the new world, in the
opinion of Mr Power. Mr Power found
that the same was true of all parts of the
country which he visited, and not alone
the neighborhood of Churchtown. He
found that people he talked with on the
steamers and trains and in the hotels all
told the snnie story, that a brighter dny
has come to Ireland nnd Ihnt the country
is on the high road to prosperity. His
views were confirmed by all classes of
men and women with whom he conversed
on the subject. People are not reticent
[about it, either, and they are as enthusi
astic about the country as Mr Poti-er is.
The I.ace-ytaklna Industry.
Another indication of progress is seen
in the condition of the lace-making indus
try. The best lace in the world is made
in Ireland and everyone takes a part in
the manufacture of it. It is not consid
ered degrading and people of the middle
and upper classes make lace as well as
those of the poorer classes. The work is
ail done hi the homes of the people and
little girls begin to learn how to make
lace at a tender age. When the steamer
on which Mr and Miss Power were re
turning from Europe waited at Queens
town for the mails, a woman came to the
steamer with lace and shawls and sold
to the passengers. She does a big business
in this way with returning Americans.
Mr Power and his daughter visited,
while they wore in Ireland, the large es
tate at Castletown of a retired army of
ficer. This is a beautiful place and the
house, which is enormous, is eue of the
largest and most elaborate that Mr Power
has ever seen. At Carrick they visited
the ruins of Ormond castle which is reput
ed to have a tunnel connecting it with
the other side of the Snir river. The
ruins of the castle are in a good state
of preservation. They spent some time
nt Dublin, where they took in all of the
points of interest. They stayed at Con
archy's private hotel in that city. This
is one of the best places in the city and
Mr Power did not receive any better serv
ice and attention while he was si way than
he did at this hotel. They were guided
to rhe points of interest by the son and
daughter of the proprietor who were at
home from school. One of the most inter
esting places visited was Trinity college.
It was vacation time and they were not
able to seo ail of the buildings, but they
did see some of them. They visited some
of the seashore resorts near Dublin.
After spending two weeks at Dublin Mr
and Miss Power went to England. They
went first to London, and it was here that
Mr Power met the leaders of Parliament 1
and also saw the House of Commons in
session. It was not the first time that Mr
Power has seen the lower House at work.
Ho went to the Commons two successive
nights and sat with them until they ad
journed. about 4 o'clock in the morning.
The only business discussed while he was
there was the budget. This is the bill
that is agitating England at the present
time. In it the liberals propose to tax
the land and thus make the heavy land
owners. who are principally members of
the nobility, have a share in the financial
burdens of the country. Mr Power lis
tened to some interesting debates on the
subject.
Budget Debate in the House of Com
mons.
The bill was introduced by Mr Lloyd-
George. as chancellor of the exchequer,
and he entered warmly into the defense
of rhe measure. In one of his debates Mr
Tower said that he “put it all over” Ar
ihwr Balfour, the iyader of the opjxwition.
Mr Lloyd-George is an excellent speaker
and when be turns his elonuenee on an
opponent the latter has to be an excep
tionally strone speaker to answer him.
Mr Asquith is a lawyer and be does not
take part in the debates so much but he
has a keen mind and lie knows the fine
points about the English constitution as
few of his fellows do.
Mr'Power was introduced to the mem
bers of the cabinet by Tim Healy mem
ber from Ireland and a friend of Mr
Power. He also secured permission for Mr
Power to enter the lobby of the House.
Mr Power had au interesting corvorsarioii
with Mr Lloyd-George in which the latter
expressed tin* belief that there will be no
general election over the budget. The city
of Ixmdou is conservative aml ail the
great papers are controlled by the lords,
but outside of them the country is ready
for the adoption of the budget. The bush
news men throughout rhe kingdom are all
in favor of rhe scheme except those who
are conservatives anil they, too. are in favor
of it at heart, although they are forced
to oppose it because of their party affilia
tions. All of the present cabinet nn* meu
of middle life and are. therefore, vigorous
and active. There are no “dead ones”
among them according to Mr Power. Every
one of them is a big man and they are
all aggressive in contrast with the leaders
of the conservatives who are opposing the
passage of the budget.
The daily sessions of the House of Com
mons begin at 12 noon, and at a time like
the present, when a measure of importance
is being considered, they do not usually
adjourn until the wee. sina* hours of the
morning. Mr Power was much impressed
with the, orderly behavior and pnrHmen
tary bearing of the Commoners, which was
far better than that of the House of Rep
resentatives in our own Congress. The
absence nf desks and the fact that rhe
speaker can be heard in any part of the
■ ~
■
JOHN MORLEY.
[Cabinet Officer with whom Mr Power con
versed.]
hall by any one who pays attention is
doubtless one of tin- reasons for the bet
ter order in the Commons.
The House of Commons hns no commit
tee*. as all bills are introduced by the
ministry and the latter is responsible for
their passage. Mr Power believe* that
better result* are obtained by the system
of a cabinet responsible to the govern
ment than in our case where (be cabinet
is answerable to the president alone and
not to Congress. One of the intereating
incident* of Mr Power’s visit to the House
of Commons was his introduction to John
Morley who is the secretary of state for
India. Mr Morlev asked him n few ques
tions about how he liked London snd the
Commons, but did not enter irto extended
conversation with him. Another member
of the cabinet who interested Mr Power
wqs Richard B. Haldane, secretary of state
for war and another was Herbert Glad
stone, son of the famous statesman, who
is the secretary of state for home affairs.
The entire cabinet is a remarkable collec
tion of eminent men and Mr Power be
lieves that they will remain in power for
some time yet.
Women Politician* From New Zea
land.
M’hile in London Mr Power met two in
teresting women from Nen* Zealand who
wets visiting England. One of these wns
a politician in her country, where the
women vote, und Mr Power found that
she was n keen woman who understood
the needs of her country nnd could talk
politics ns few men could. She was
especially enthusiastic about municipal
THE SPRINGFIELD WEEKLY REPUBLICAN. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1909.
and government ownership of public utili
ties. In Wellington where their home is.
all of the waterworks, electric railway,
ice making. lighting. telephone and other
I plants are owned by the government, white
the railways throughout thedominionarethe
property of the ventral government.
Roth of the women were proud of their
country and said that they wore only cloth
ing made in New Zealand and in Mr
Power's opinion they were dressed as
well as the London women were. They
were both cultivated and clover. They
claimed that there are no paupers in New
Zealand and that they have solved rha
color problem by treating thhe Maoris ex
actly the same as the whites. Naturally
Mr Power was interested to know what
they thought of woman suffrage. They
claimed that it was only just that the
women should vote and they said that in
their country it had proved to be a great
success. They were able to put up some
unanswerable arguments, to prove that
suffrage was the right of women. How
ever. they had no sympathy whatever
with the methods adopted by the women in
England to secure tn? vote. The liquor
question has been largely relegated to the
background in New Zealand through the
influence of the women. It is not con
sidered a crime for a man to engage in
the business there and men do not lose
their social standing when they go into
it. As a consequence a higher class of
men go into it with the result that the
laws are better observed and. further
more. when a man violates the liquor
law he does not get off with a light fine,
but he loses his license for good and all.
There are no drunkards in New Zealand.
l.ast Message From William E. Inger
soll.
Mr Power and his daughter also visited
Puris. While the city is undoubtedly the
most beautiful in the world Mr Power did
not like it as much as he did the cities
of Great Britain. While there he at
tempted to visit the late William E. Inger
soll of this city, who died while Mr Power
was in Paris. Mr Power went to his of
fice and found that he was -in his last
illness. He sent word to Mr Ingersoll
that he was there and he received an
answer dictated by Mr Ingersoll the day
before he died. It was probably the last
letter written by Mr Ingersoll before Uis
death.
After visiting Paris Mr Power and his.
daughter returned to England and visited
Chester and Stratford-on-Avon. They
saw the ruins at Chester and the duke of
■Westminster's park. The hotel they stayed
at is the Washington, illustrating the fact
that many Americans are in the habit of
visiting the city. One of the sights at
Chester is the colls of the ancient monks
which are here intact as they were when
occupied by the monks hundreds of years
ago. A curious coincidence is that they
met a party of Springfield people who went
oVer on the same steamer with them, at
three different places, Stratford, Dublin
and London.
When they Returned to London it was
just after the successful flight of the
Frenchman, Bleriot, across the English
channel and the machine in which he ac
complished his feat was on exhibition.
Mr Power did not se it but Miss Power
did. Mr Power says that the great re
tail stores in London are far better than
any we have here.
They sailed from Southampton on th*
Oceanic of the White Star line. August
IS and had bad weather a good deal of
the way across. For 48 hours the fog
whistle was blown continuously at inter
vals of two minutes. The steamer was
stopped twice to avoid collisions with other
vessels. Unlike some of the customs of
ficials. the ones that had to pass him and
Miss Tower were considerateandcourteous
and let them by without any inconvenience
whatever. Mr Power was much surprised
that they should, as they have the reputa-,
tion of being the very opposite of this.
PROHIBITION LAW UPHELD.
Court Sustains the Drastic Tennessee
Measure.
The act of the last Legislature of Ten
nessee prohibiting wholesale, as well ag
retail, sales of liquor in the state of Ten
nessee, was upheld in all of its provisions,
except as regards sales for shipment out
side the state, in an opinion banded down
at Chattanooga. Tenn., yesterday in chan
cery court by Chancellor T. M. McCon
nell. This is the first decision reached by
any court in Tennessee as to rhe constitu
tionality of the state-wide prohibition law,
which became effective July 1. The court
holds that interstate commerce laws take
precedence over state laws in the matter
of shipments of liquor outside the state.
The case will doubtless be taken to the
state supreme court.
THE INCOME TAX ISSUE.
As Viewed by George Fred Williams.
(From the Boston post.]
Mr Williams discussed as the leading
issue in Massachusetts the income tax.
H<> stated that the work must be pushed
vigorously for the tax, or the vote of Mas
sachusetts will forever be lost. Mr Will
iams ha* spent much of his time in En
gland. where, he says, the tax works ad
mirably. He is not in politics, he declares.
The income tax is not a political, but an
economic measure.
"I am a firm believer in the income tax,”
said Mr Williams. “I have always been,
lu England, where it is in operation, you
could not finds a man in either party who
would advocate its repeal. If you sug
gested it, you would be laughed at.”
THE INCOME TAX.
(Dr William Everett la the Boston Tran
ertpt. ]
And now, after the lapse of 40 years,
which as far as most of our constitu-,
tional relations are concerned we may call
a century, the states are asked to amend
the organic instrument of government.
They are asked to give Congress the power
to raise revenue by a method of taxation
already in use in many states, and which,
however used, will nnd must be unjust,
unequal and inquisitorial. It was first in
f rodneed into England under the necessi
ties of a portentous war, and swept away
when that drain on the nation no longer
existed. Long years afterward, when ig
norant and temporizing methods of finance
had brought England to the verge of bank
ruptcy, it was revived with the distinct
promise of being repealed. That promise,
often renewed, has never been fulfilled,
though Gladstone did succeed in reducing
the rate to very small proportions. But it
always was and will be Minus. And what
is th" excuse for changing the organic 'aw
to bring it in? The need of further rev
enue. And what causes the need of fur
ther revenue? The foolish, sinful, criminal
demand for an increase in our defenses
against attacks that never will be made—
the absurd pretense that the way to stop
wars is to make everything relating to
wars as prominent as possible. There is
no need of an income tax if we attend
to Burkes maxim, “Economy is a great
revenue.” If the states are Vise a suffi
cient number of them will refuse to ratify
this proposed amendment, not merely be
cause it is highly objectionable in itself,
but because it is an amendment. If every
citizen, in or out of office, would regard
the constitution as incapable of change,
we should find in the future as in the past
that such allegiance is the sure road to
prosperity and honor. Connecticut's dis
like to amendments, often unwise, comes
well in play now.
All the patriotic societies are disposed to
make the most of themselves. The De
scendants of the Signers—thut is, of the
De. biration of Independence—propose to
celebrate at Yorktown Vn., the 128th an
niversary of the surrender of Ixird Corn
wallis and his British forces to Gen George
Washington on October ID, 1781. There
is no particular reason for the rolebration,
except the desire of the Signers to come
to the front. The program is expected to
cover three days, beginning October 17.
} SURVEY OF CANADIAN INTERESTS.
I THEIR RELATION TO THE EMPIRE.
The Visit of Lord Charles Beresford—
Sir Wilfrid Lotirler—The Big Tor
onto Fair.
From Our Special correspondent.
Toronto. September 3. 1909.
The visit of Lord Charles Beresford, the
recently retired admiral of the British
Channel fleet, to open the Canadian na
tional exposition at Toronto the past
week, has drawn attention to the two
most striking developments of Canadian
life at the present moment. It seems
strange that the veteran sailor should
croas the Atlantic and visit an inland city
situated over a thousand miles from the
ocean, in order to state his views upon
the British navy, but it is not as strange
as it seems. Until the naval scare of this
year the great colonies of Britain, or the
over-seas dominions, as they are now of
ficially designated, have not taken seri
ously the question of naval protection.
They have been busily engaged in the de
velopment of their own internal resources;
they have felt that the British navy was
unchallengeable: they have contented
themselves with the unexpressed assur
ance that at some time in the distant
future, when there was a real necessity,
they would take up the question in ear
nest. Here and there in Canada an edi
torial voice has been raised in the wilder
ness, calling attention to the meanness
of the country placing its reliance in the
power of the imperial navy, yet never
contributing a penny to its maintenance.
The voices in Australia and New Zealand
have been more numerous, for these do
minions have the warlike Japan too close
a neighbor for comfort, and their fears
have created a demand for adequate
naval protection. Even this, however,
might not have led to any definite and
permanent action, had not the revelation
of Germany's far-reaching naval plans
spread temporary dismay in Great Britain
and revealed to the people of Canada,
Australia. New Zealand and South Africa
that the naval supremacy of Britain was
at last to be challenged. Under present
renditions nobody doubts but that the ex
istence of the British empire is dependent
upon the command of the seas. The pos
sibility of this command being lost aroused
the people of the empire to speedy action.
New Zealand at once voted the gift of a
Dreadnought: Australia followed suit and
pledged two, but Canada, while just as
willing to help and thus bear its fair
share of the defense of the empire, did
not allow itself to be stampeded into
action which might compromise its hard
won constitutional freedom, but took the
wiser step of pledging all its resources to
the maintenance of the empire, leaving
the details to be worked out nt an impe
rial defense conference to be shortly con
r ened in London. That conference duly
met, and while its deliberations were se
cret. and its action has to be approved by
the Parliaments of the dominions, enough
is known to the public to enable it to see
that the influence of Canada determined
the decision arrived at.
The dominions will not contribute either
money or men toward the imperial navy;
each will undertake the defense of its
own shores by the development of its ouu
fleet, which in case of danger affecting
any part of the empire will voluntarily
be placed at the disposal and under the
command of the British admiralty. This
conclusion does not suit a few clamorous
imperialists, but it does commend itself
to the judgment of the thoughtful men in
all parties, both at home in Great Britain
and throughout the empire. Sir Wilfrid
Laurier, the French-Canadian premier of
Canada, was not present at the confer
ence, bitt it is very certain that the two
members of his cabinet who did ntteini,
the ministers of defense and of marine,
spoke the mind of their chief. It is diffi
cult to overestimate Ilie services to the
British empire ronder?*! by this broad
minded. scholarly, statesman. First and
foremost he has upheld the interests of
Canada, but he has been able to show
that the fortunes of the empire as a whole
are best promoted by the prosperity of
each component part. The great steps
that have been taken in the unification of
the empire during the past 10 or 15 years
have almost all had their initiation in
Canada. Foremost among them have been
the preferential tariff, which was given as
a free gift to Great Britain long before
Joseph Chamberlain began his tariff' re
form campaign, and the intellectual pref
erence, so called, which gave an imperial
penny postage and such cheap rates to
English newspapers and magazines that
their circulation in Canada has been mul
tiplied many times. Through all the de
velopment of the imperial sentiment, which
he has helped and never hindered, he has
steadily maintained and increased Can
ada's control of her own affairs. Years
ngo, tinder his leadership, she took over
the coast defenses both on the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans. She has negotiated
treaties on her own account. And now
the latest step is to bo the maintenance of
n Canadian-built, Canadian-manned and
Canadian-eontroled fleet. The marvelous
feat has been performed of developing the
self-government of Canada without en
dangering. but instead strongly promot
ing. the imperial ties.
It is a question if any other man living
has rendered such great service to Great
Britain in its imperial relations as Can
ada’s premier. No step in many years has
been taken which has so much significance
as this development of colonial navies.
Before the world the dominions proclaim
themselves one with Groat Britain in her
determination to be supreme at sea. Their
resources arc to be hers in case of need.
An attack upon her is an attack upon
thorn. And preparations to maintain (he
empire inviolate n ro to be made now. The
addresses that Lord Charles Beresford has
given in Toronto have only emphasized
the necessity for the taking of this step.
As he has said, the British navy is not a
menace to anyone. Its sole purpose is to
maintain the freedom nnd safety of the
empire nnd to defend its trade routes.
The supremacy nt sea has been threatened
in language that is unmistakable. In the
near future that threat may become a
reality. The British people are determined
to hold their own and let nil know that
their nnnssailnhle supremney at sea shall
be kept. A bold constructive policy, broad
in its basis. Imperial in its object, must be
adopted. There must be a practical plan
of defeating the enemy’s plan if war
should be forced upon thpm. "The heart
irf the empire is absolutely dependent on
the punctual nnd sure delivery of the
water-borne food and raw material sup
plied by its arteries—the trade routes. A
successful attack on the trade routes would
paralyze the trade of the dominions as well
ns that of Great Britain.” If public opin
ion in Canada was not already prepared
to support the government in its pledge
of naval co-operation, the addresses of
Lord Charles Beresford would assuredly
aid to ripen it.
The other striking development In Can
ada at present is its really marvelous ma
terial progress. That progress is visualized
by a visit to the national exposition which
the British admiral crossed the sens to
open. Without any boasting, it can trnly
he said that this exhibition is unique.
Most cities are content to have one grout
fair, and then devote their energies for a
decade in the endeavor* to recover from
rhe after effects. Toronto is now enjoying
its 30th annual fair. Year after year all
through this period there has been a steady
growth in equipment. In usefulness, in nt
tractiveness and in attendance. Two hun
dred nnd eighty acre* form n permanent
exhibition ground, and when not in use for
fair purposes are used by the people ns
one of the eitv parks. Situated on the
shore* of Lake Ontario, with sloping
ground, the alte is ideal. The fair i* in
reality a municipal enterprise, managed by
a commission of influential business men
and by a permanent secretary. The pro
ceed* have all been put back into the
business of extension and equipment.
Splendid brick and stone and concrete
buildings have been erected. Each year
some new structure is added to the per
manent housing of the fair. This rear a
transportation building is seen for the
first time. Besides this, a magnificent sen
wall lias been begun, which when com
pleted will be an inspiration to all cities
possessing a water front.
The exposition attracts the farmer, the
manufacturer and the consumer. Its col
lection of farm animals is splendid. The
farmers of Ontario, though each may
attend his county fair, take an annual
holiday in Toronto to attend the fair and
inspect the finely bred stock nnd the new
est farm machinery, Their wives come
to study the dairy exhibits and the fruit.
The manufacturers of Canada count this
the best opportunity of the year to ad
vertise their wares. One of the most in
teresting buildings on the grounds is that
devoted to processes of manufacturing.
Cloth and carpets are woven before the
audience: hoots and rubbers are rnnde from
the raw material to the finished product.
Canada is a country of magnificent dis
tances, and the exhibition has largely con
tributed toward its unification. One of
the best displays this year is that made
by the government of British Columbia
showing the products of the mines, the
fisheries, the forests and the fruit farms
of that immense province on the Pacific
coast. The attendance at the fair this
year during the 12 days that it lasts will
ho about three-quarters of a million. On
one day about 110.000 paid admissions
were recorded. Prominent among the at
tractions is the recreation feature. Twice
a day there takes place an entertainment
of almost three hours in length that com
prises the march prtst of the prize stock,
musical rides by the Itoyal Canadian horse
artillery and the Canadian dragoons, vau
deville features and the finest fireworks. An
exhibit of a model playground and the
flight of an aeroplane indicate the up-to
date character of the attractions. With
such an equipment and such an attend
ance. with a list of 3600 exhibitors, with
an annual budget of 8125.000 and a prize
list of $45,000, the management of the
Toronto exposition certainly make good
their claim to the largest annual fair in
the world. The lessons learned one year
are used to advantage the next year. The
rapid growth of the country is bound to
make this annual exhibition assume year
by year the proportions of a world's fair.
That rapid growth may be indicated by
the mention of one small exhibit. Cubes
of increasing sizes show the growth in the
production of silver in Ontario for the
past five years. In 1904 206,875 ounces
were produced with n value of $11,887; in
1908 19.437.875 ounces were produced,
worth $9,133,375, just one-eighth of the
entire production of the world.
It must not bo inferred that the pur
poses of the management are only utili
tarian and entertaining. A beautiful little
building is set apart for the art exhibit,
and here year after year are shown not
only the work of the Canadian artist, but
examples of the finest schools of British
and European nrt. By a happy arrange
ment, choice pictures are loaned from the
loading public collectors of the old world.
This year there are to be seen some of the
masterpieces of Ixird Leighton, Sir John
Everett Millais, Sir Edwin Lnndseer and
Marcus Stone. Inevitably the study of
such pictures raises the entire standard
of art throughout the country. In another
building can be seen the work of those
who are at the first rung of the artistic
ladder, for there are gathered examples
of the work of the children in the public
schools of New York. Philadelphia, Pitts
burg and Toronto. Fortunately the in
fluence of the fair is not confined to Can
ada. for large numbers of visitors come
from all the neighboring states. The judg
ment of many of these visitors is that the
Toronto fair is not surpassed by the fair
at Seattle in comprehensiveness, in use
fulness nnd in real interest.
SOME 3000 TEMPORARY CLERKS.
Bureau of the Census Announces
Dntes of Examinations.
The bureau of the census at Washing
ton last week announced that approxi
mately 3000 temporary’ clerks will be ap
pointed in connection with the work of
taking the 13th decennial census. The
first examination will be held throughout
the United States on October 23. Very
few appointments from this examination
will be made before January 1 next and
not many will be made until April, 1910.
Ths maximum force will be drawn about
August next year. These appointees will
receive -salaries of S6OO per annum at the
beginning, but promotions, it is asserted,
to at least S9OO per year will be reasonably
rapid for those who give satisfactory serv
ice. The appointments will be subject
to termination as the exigencies of the
service may require. All expire by law on
June 30. 1912. The average tenure of of
fice, it is stated, probably will be about
one year, but the general duration will
range from six months tb-stwo years.
These clerks will not be eligible for trans
fer into the classified service.
Blank application forms and a circular
of instructions, the bureau announces,
may be obtained after the 10th by ad
dressing the civil-service commission at
Washington, D. C., the bureau of the
census. Washington, D, C., or the secre
tary of the board of examiners at the fol
lowirw named places: Post-office, Boston,
Philadelphia, Atlanta, Cincinnati, Chicago,
St Paul. Denver. San Francisco, custom
house, New York, New Orleans, old cus
tom-house, St Louis, Mo.
NEWS AS PROPERTY.
[From the New York Herald.l
We are glad to say that many news
papers whose ethics are not framed with
a view to evading the penalties of the
copyright law respected the Herald's rights
in the most honorable manner and re
printed Dr Cook’s wonderful narrative hist
evening or are doing so this morning only
after obtaining the Herald's express per
mission. These papers are entitled to the
respect of all decent persons. The Herald
may later have something to say that will
be of special interest to the others.
A curious notion as to the character and
value of news finds expression in a com
munication that appears this morning in
the column of letters from Herald readers.
The writer—judging from his letter hend.
a business man of this city—takes excep
tion to the Herald's claiming exclusive
property in Dr Cook’s article on the
'■ground that it is something that belongs
In the world.” It is incredible that nny
person of sufficient intelligence to write a
letter should he ignorant of the fact that
when a journal pays a large sum to a
writer for an article nnd makes a further
outlay for having that article specially
cabled the article is as truly property as
would be so much merchandise purchased
abroad and imported.
What n silly notion that exclusive nows
thus obtained belongs not to the leaders
of the Herald but "to the world,” in the
sense that others should be free to pilfer
it and publish it aS their own. News
papers nnd news gathering agencies nre
laboring under no such hallucination.
They know that such news has been
acquired nt great expense and that it in
valuable property, the taking of which
without the owner’s permission Is charac
terized in law by a very ugly word nnd for
which serious penalties may be inflicted.
Senator Bob Taylor of Tennessee, speak
ing in Missouri, nominated Senator Cul
berson as democratic candidate for presi
dent on a tariff for revenue only platform.
He snid his man would he strong enough
in the East and would have the solid South
hack of him. Incidentally, Senator Tny
lor raid that his "Fiddle and the bow”
lecture, which had been popular on Chau
tanqua platforms, had made him a quar
ter of a million dollars. Now what is tho
financial record of Mr Bryan’s "Prince Of
Peace” aermoo?
MEMORIES OF OLD-TIME POLITICS
AS RELATED BY EDWIN R. TINKER
Incidents Attending Lincoln's First
Nomination—Bristow Warned Col
lector Tinker not to Attend tlie
IS7G Convention—He Bolted Tilly
Haynes.
At n recent monthly dinner of the
republicajh city committee of North Ad
ams Congressman Lawrence succeeded in
getting the venerable Edwin K. Tinker,
who is 87 years old, to tell about the
first nomination of Abraham Lincoln. We
quote from the North Adams Transcript: —
"At the district convention held in Bos
ton,” began Mr Tinker, "1 was known
already as a Lincoln man. 1 was working
in Boston for the Hoosac tunnel at the
time, and my name was proposed as dele
gate to the Chicago convention. John H.
Coffin of Great Barrington was put up
against me. Coffin got 50 votes, and 1
think J got four. After the ballot Salmon
Burlingame of this town got up and moved
that 1 be sent as an alternate. ‘He can't
do any harm,’ was the way Salmon put it,
and so 1 was chosen.
"Chester W. Chapin, then president of
the Boston and Albany railroad, a personal
friend _of mine, but a democrat who had
voted 76 times for Breckenridge, came to
me after the convention and said. "If you
nominate Lincoln, Tinker, you’ll win. 'The
democrats are not afraid of him. If jou
name Seward, it will pull us together aud
we'll beat you.’
”Well, I went to New York with my
wife, and we got on (he train for Chicago.
Pretty soon in comes David Dudley Field,
the eminent lawyer. ‘Where are you go
ing, Tinker?' he asked. 'Out to Chicago,’
I said. A little later John A. C. Gray
came in. asked the same question and got
the same answer. Finally Horace Greeley,
one trouser leg up over his boot top. ap
peared, and he was as much surprised as
the rest. They tried to get me out into the
other car, and at last I went. Well, they
wanted to know right away what was up,
and we began to talk things over there.
"The first man I saw in Chicago was
Field, and he took me up into the rooms
that Thurlow' Weed afterward said held
the four conspirators. 1 was appointed to
look after the Pennsylvania delegation,
and I undertook to do it. Pennsylvania
had a favorite sou, New Jersey had a
favorite son, and Indiana had a fa
vorite son, not one of whom was strong
enough to be elected. So 1 proposed that
we get those three states to agree to a
first, second and third choice, and then,
with Pennsylvania as the pivotal state that
would carry Massachusetts with it, swing
into line for Lincoln on the third ballot,
Lincoln being the third choice of the Penn
sylvania delegation.
"The next step iu the proceedings I want
to give Sam Bowles of Springfield credit
for. With his help we agreed to elect
George Aslnnun of Springfield president
of the convention. Now Ashmun was a
close-mouthed chap, and Weed and his
people had him set down as a Seward
man. Bowles and I knew that he was
really a Lincoln man. And we elected
him. By the time things were organized,
it was getting dark, and the lights were
on in the hall. It was moved from the
Seward side that we proceed at once to a
ballot. ‘This won’t do,’ I said to Ashmun.
’We must have an adjournment,’ and the
next minute Judrl moved that the conven
tion be adjourned. It was seconded in a
jiffy, Ashmun put the question, declared
it a vote, somebody doubted it, and the
next instant the lights were out. That
ended the session.
“That night I got acquainted with Cur
tin, who was running for governor of
Pennsylvania anil was afterward its war
governor. I told him Lincoln would be
nominated ou the third ballot. 'lf he
isn’t,' he said, ‘I will withdraw from the
governorship.’ That meant the defeat of
the republican party in Pennsylvania. I
took him over to our delegation'. Just then
in came Greeley, mad clear through and
swearing like a trooper. I asked him what
was the trouble and assured him that Lin
coln would be chosen on the third bal
lot.
“ ‘What in do you know about it?'
he roared, and started out again, saving
that he was going to telegraph to ’ the
Tribune that Seward would be elected on
the second ballot. ‘Stop him,' I cried,
and finally they got him back. When he
heard what Curtin had to say about Penn
sylvania he began to change his mind.
“It was pretty soon after that that Col
Edgar M. Brown of Williamstown, a
strong Seward man, ran up to me and
said, ‘Tinker, Seward will be elected on
the second ballot. I’ve just come from
Weed’s room. They’re going to start out
with a bund early in the morning, col
lect their people, take possession of the
pit and shout Lincoln down.’
“I rushed over to the Pennsylvania dele
gation at that, and I said. ‘lf you're smart
you’ll fill that pit before thev do, if you
have to hire ’em at $2 a day to do it.’
“I was on hand bright and early next
morning to see the race. Inside the hall
who should I meet but Martin I. Town
send of Troy. He was pretty big about
the middle, and we had to pull him upon
the platform. We had hardly gotten there
when a mob broke through the doors, and
I saw in a minute that Weed was too late.
There was pandemonium iu that hall. A
little later, when Judd nominated Lin
coln. it was worth a man’s life to see it.
"After the first ballot the Pennsylvania
delegation asked/ for a conference and
withdrew. Curtin said. ‘Tinker, you guard
that door, and don't let any one in.' I
stood outside and listened to some pretty
loud talk inside, wondering what was up.
Then Curtin came out and said, ‘Tinker,
we're going to vote for Lincoln on the
second ballot'.’ Evarts nominated Seward,
Judd nominated Lincoln. The Pennsyl
vania delegation turned the scale and on
the third Lincoln got it.
“After it was over they came to me
and said. ‘Tinker, why don't yon go to
Weed nnd get him to nominate Gov Banks
for vice-president?’ I said I didn’t believe
I could do anything, but I’d try. Weed
was standing with tears in his eyes. I
asked him why he didn't propose Gov
Banks for second place. ‘You’ve got a
good whig free-soiler at the hend.’ I said.
‘Why not put n good democratic free
soiler at the tail?’ ‘I won't do it,’ he said.
‘Who will you nominate?’ I asked.
“He didn’t answer, and I asked him
three times. Finally he turned on me
and said. ‘Hannibal Hamlin as Maine.’’
And he did it.”
That in brief was the story as Mr Tin
ker told it. But when it was finished they
wouldn’t let him stop, and he told many
interesting little anecdotes of subsequent
interviews with Lincoln and others. It
was in 1862 that Mr. Tinker was appointed
collector of revenue for the 10th congres
sional district and he held the position un
til 1885. "With the war tax on manu
facturers; sales I collected in North Adams
alone $40,000 a month for over two
years.”
“I liked Gen Giant pretty well,” fie
said. “And I did him some pretty big fa
vors, too. Once Boutwell, then secretary
of state, put up another mime for collec
tor. Grant asked if I was not collector in
that district. He asked if I hadn’t been
doing the work well. He had to admit
that I had. 'You may send in Mr Tinker’s
name,’ said Grant. It was the only time
that Boutwell was overruled.
“It was in 1872 when I was walking
through a corridor in the House that a
man touched me on the shoulder and said.
‘Mr Tinker. I understand yon are the only
man who can prevent Sumner from going
to the convention and taking the presi
dency.' I iifl hot know the man, but I
told him that Mr Sumner would not go 1
went right up to Sumner’s rooms Ho
whs eating breakfast. ‘Mr Sumner ’ I
asked, ‘are you going to preside over the
convention?' ’I am.’ snid he. ‘You nrc
not,' snid L 'I would like to know why
not.' he said. Because,' snid I, you arc
the father of the republican party. You
founded the party. Then you got'mad nt
Grant, and now you nre going to destroy
the party you organized. Mr Sumner, you
can't do it. Where would your mime
stand in history, if you did a thing like
that?’ ‘I hadn't thought of it in that way,’
he said. ‘Perhaps you are right.' The
next day I met the man who had stopped
me. ’Sumhor will not go.’ I told him Aft
erward I found out that he was Grant's
secretary.
It was Mr Tinker who managed the elec
tion of the Into Judge James T. Robinson
as dolegate-at-larrt to the convention. Mr
J taker himself attended every convention
UP to 18<6. It was asked why he did notoro
to that one. "Bristow was secretary of*Hie
tieasury, he replied, “and I was collector.
He sent word that Tinker had better not
attend that convention. And that was one
‘'“V a obeyed orders. And I re
mained collector. ’
1 never cut but one man on the repiih
c \ recalled Mr Tinker, in speak-
W "L ’’That was Tilly
H-'lttoS the Springfield hotel man. Ho
K°'ernor‘s council,
m il int 110 nos waut « nv help
non; a Hoosac tunnel man. Ho didn’t
get it. He was elected though. But I got
Wt T’ V"u sn * Ion « nfter ,has that
put through the tunnel appropriation.”
RULES OF NEW CAUCUS ACT.
Act Adopted Last Year to be Em
ployed For the First Time Soon.
Chairman George A. Bacon and the
members of the republican city committee
are having their hands full interpreting
the now Boston caucus act which will, gov
ern the caucuses held by the republican
party on the 21st. This act, which was
adopted by the republicans on November
19, 1908, will be first used at the. cau
cuses this fall. The conduct of caucuses
under this act provides for several changes
in the methods of carrying on the choice
of candidates m the different wards, aud
some parts of the set are rather difficult
of interpretation. The principal reform
feature lies ip the fact that it insures one
single, official Australian ballot prepared
by (lie city. The republicans are the ouly
party (hat have adopted its use in Spring
field, but it is expected to work well, as
it hns been a success iu other cities where
the act has been adopted by one party
or both,
finder the new Boston act the prelimi
nary stages, that is, the preparations for
the caucuses, are much the same as have
been followed heretofore. The polling
places are equipped as on election day.
The act requires that the polls shall not
be opened earlier than 2 o’clock in the
afternoon or later than 7.30 o’clock in
the evening. Here they will be opened at
7.30 o’clock, and cannot be closed until
8.30 o’clock. Before this they have been
closed within half au hour up to any time
that the caucus decided. The polls may
be kept open later than 8,30 or 8 o’clock,
if the voters at the caucus so decide. If
there are a number of voters in line at
8.30 o’clock, they must be allowed to vote
even though it has been decided to close
the polls at that hour. Nomination papers
of candidates must be filed with the city
clerk seven days before the time set for
the caucuses. The city is then required
to print the ballots and prepare them for
distribution. In this connection the word
ing of the act is very explicit. It says,
“No other ballots shall be received or
counted.” The city is required to print
six specimen ballots ou colored paper for
each voting place iu the city.
The names of the candidates are placed
on the ballots in alphabetical order, and
the names of the candidates for election as
caucus officers, ward committeemen and
delegates to political conventions are put
on in groups. Blank spaces are left ou
the ballots for the insertion of other names
than those of the candidates^alreadv print
ed. A star is placed against the name of
the candidate who is running for re-elec
tion. The caucus officers under this sys
tem are elected to serve for one rear.
The caucus officers are therefore to be
appointed at the coming caucuses, and
then a permanent group will be elected to
serve for one year from the date of elec
tion. Under the act, employes of the state,
county, or city, candidates for office then
being voted upon and members of the ward
and city committees are disqualified from
serving as caucus officers.
Under this act the challenging of a
voter is allowed the same as in a regular
election. If the right of a person to vote
is challenged for any legal cause, the pre
siding officer shall require him, or some
one in his behalf, to write his name and
residence on the outside of the ballot of
fered, and before it is received the presid
ing officer shall add thereto the name of
the person challenging and the cause al
leged in the challenge. But no caucus
officer shall receive any ballot which by
law he is required to refuse.
The city is required to furnish the chair
man and- secretary of the city committee
with official nomination papers which are
to be given out at the proper time to all
prospective candidates. When these pa
pers are returned to the city committee,
they must contain the signatures of nt
least five members of the party in the
same ward as the candidate, or if it is a
district nomination, five signatures for
each ward in the district. There must also
be attached to the paper a personally
signed acceptance of the Candidacy by the
candidate himself, except in the case of
nomination of delegates to political con
ventions. The papers may also contain
ejght words descriptive of the career or
anything else of the candidate for an
elective office, and in the case of dele
gates may contain an eight-word announce
ment of their political beliefs regarding
the convention they are to attend. These
eight-word additions in both case are by
no means compulsory, but if they are
placed on the nomination papers they will
also appear on the official ballots for the
guidance of the voters.
The nomination papers must be filed with
the secretary of the city committee 10
days before the caucus. Ample provision
is made for the withdrawal of a man
whose name has been filed on nomination
papers, if he so desires, within two days
after the papers have been filed with the
city committee. The nomination papers
must be filed by tho city committee with
the city clerk seven days before the time
set for the caucuses. The city is then re
quired to print the ballots and prepare
them for distribution. At the top the
ballot there must be printed, “Official bal
lot.of the (——l party,” and on the back
of it, when folded, there must appear the
same words and also the name of the
ward, city and date, with a facsimile of
the signature of the secretary of the city
committee.
SHIRKING SHERIFF TURNED OUT.
It May Be the End ot Lynching in
Alabama.
[From Collier’s Weekly.!
The recent impeachment and discharge
of Frank Cozalas, sheriff in Mobile coun
ty in Alabama, has probably ended the
lynching practice in Alabama, and per
haps in the South. When a prisoner was
lynched in the heart of the city of Mo
bile last winter, after reports had spread
all over the city that a mob would visit
the jail that night and no additional pre
cautions were taken, the citizens demand
ed that the sheriff should bo discharged
iu disgrace. The governor instituted im
peachment proceedings before the supreme
court, and that tribunal found the sheriff
guilty of neglect nnd ordered Jiis dis
charge. That set the precedent that sher
iffs must protect their prisoners against
mobs or lose their jobs and be put under
public odium. Many of the shrievalties in
this state pay from SSOOO to $30,000 a
year under the fee system, ami the loss
of those jobs is a serious financial blow,
not to speak of the public disgrace. Since
the Mobile lynching half a dozen mobs
have been formed to lynch a* many' pris
oners in different parts of the state. but
tho case of Sheriff Cnzalas hod furnished
the object-lesson and the prisoners in emit
Case were protected by military or .special
deputy forces sufficient to defy tile mobs.
Tho result was that there were no lyu.'U
ings.