Springfield weekly Republican. [volume], November 17, 1910, Page 8, Image 8

About Springfield weekly Republican. [volume] (Springfield, Mass.) 1851-1946

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SPRINGFIELD. THURSDAY. NOV. IT. 1910.
SIXTEEN PAGES
Our Urban Concentration.
There is no more interesting or impres
sive feature of the census for this state
than the concentration of population in
cities and large villages. The census of
1790 showed only one place with a popula
tion of SOOO or over—Boston. The census
of 1900 revealed 56 such places. Now
comes the census of 1910 with no less than
71 cities and towns of 8000 or more peo
ple. The proportion of the total population
of the state confined to such places has
risen to the astonishingly high figure of
81.7 per cent. That is to say. only 18.3
per cent of the state’s population live in
towns having less than 8000 people. A
great many of these towns have large vil
lages and a large nonrural population
which is probably much larger than the
farm population living on the outskirts of
cities which include in their incorporation
the whole of the former town area. It is
thus quite probable that the strictly urban
or city and large village population of the
state amounts to at least 85 per cent of the
total population.
The progress of population concentration
in Massachusetts from 1790 is shown in
the following table—the urban population
being that of places of 8000 or more in
habitants:—
Total Per cent
population. Urban, of urban.
1910 3.366.416 2.748.907 81.7
1900 2.805.346 2.132,623 76.0
1890 2.235.1H7 1,564,931 69.9
1880 1,783.085 1,107.032 62.1
1870 1.457.351 798,207 54.8
1860 1,231.066 541,339 43.9
1850 994.514 365.509 36.7
1840 737,699 199.694 27.1
1820 523.287 56.029 10.7
1790 375.787 18.320 4.8
From 1800 to 1820 there were only two
places in the state with a population 8000
or over—Boston and Salem; and the census
of 1830 revealed only three such places—
Boston, Salem and Charlestown, now a
part of Boston.
The progress of concentration as shown
by the successive increases in the percent
age figures has been quite uniform for
some decades—around 6 per cent each since
1880. It was more rapid from 1840 to
1850 and from 1850 to 1860, and still more
rapid from 1860 to 1870. The first im
petus to concentration was given by the
protective tariff policy which turned the
state rapidly from over-sea commerce to
manufacturing. Then came the railroad
development which accelerated the pace
urbanward down to and beyond the civil
war. And finally in these fater years the
electric street railway has operated to
keep up the urban drift.
But the first great factor in urban
growth was the railroad. Prior to that
time it would of course have been impos
sible for any such percentage of the pop
ulation as 81 or even 50 per cent to live
in cities. Too large a proportion of the
working force would have been required
to cart in food and other material from
increasing distances, even supposing the
urban population could have found means
of producing the things required for these
necessary purchases. The protective pol
icy might have been lifted mountain high
prior to 1840 without developing any such
relative urban growth as came afterward.
The railroads not only made accessible
distant and rich farm lands where one
man's labor became much more productive,
but it brought food and material within
comparatively easy reach at a far less
expenditure of labor than would other
wise have been possible. To the rail
road primarily, and secondarily to the
great and growing coincident increase in
the productivity of human industry
through man's increasing mastery of the
powers of Nature —to these causes is due
that amazing concentration of population
In cities which characterizes these later
times in civilization.
Where this urban development in our
own state is to end. who can say? Will
it reach up to embrace 90 or 95 per cent
of the population? Must it not stop very
■oon? Or will the electric street rail
way, running off into the country and
hills all around, nod the automobile, bring
even the farm population into residence
in large villages or cities quite distant
from the farm work, until practically the
whole population of the state is resident
in places of 8000 or more people? At
all events n living situation has developed
altogether impossible for a time not far
back. It means for us all n new life
aud u larger life, and no doubt an in
crMslngly better life; but It imposes also
new and difficult problems in the associa
tion and government of men, and these
are ours to watch over and study and
master.
Favorable State of the Foreign Trade.
The country has drifted around again
into a very strong position in relation to
the foreign trade. During five of the 10
past months the trade balance lias been
nominally against the country, anti the ac
tual balance heavily so. During three
other months the nominal balance in our
favor has bceu so small as to indicate a
heavy adverse balance when account is
made of the invisible indebtedness current
ly running against the country. Now come
the October returns showing some increase
in merchandise exports over a year ago. a
large increase over other years at this sea
son. and some decrease in imports over a
year ago. The comparison for the month
in several years is as follows: -
Excess
O, tober. Exports. Imports. of exports
IPlll ....S2OS.iW.7SS $121,868,448 $84,189,337
1909 200.697.343 127.673.351 73.023.W2
1908 1719.84,538 102.1M0.H0 69.944.428
1907 180 253 296 111,912.621 68.340.675
1906 187,353.348 118.128.352 69.224.906
1905 .... 154,372 979 107.444.909 46.928.070
1904 . . 162,527,943 92,777,920 69,750.02'1
1903 .... 160,388,508 81.921.147 78,467.361
This favorable balance of above 884,000,-
000 for last month is the heaviest ever re
corded for a season when exports run
most largely in excess of imports, with the
single exception of October, 1900, when the
excess rose to $92,700,000. As compared
with this time last year staple exports
have fallen off in spite of a large ncrease
in the value of cotton shipments. But non
staple or manufactured exports increased
by over $12,000,000 and saved the day
or made the record. This is a fact to be
especially emphasized. We are becoming ।
more and more distinctively a manufactur
ing country. Agriculture tends tn recede
toward a position where it will purely sup
ply our own people with food. Manufac
turing tends to advance toward a position
where it must supply the bulk of our ex
pert trade. We must keep this tact in
mind at all times when the tariff is under
consideration. Free raw materials should
be the slogan and lower duties ou manu
factured goods.
As things are now going in respect tn
the foreign trade, there is no danger of
gold exports or a home monev market
tightened by any strain upon it from
abroad. The current decline in staple and
provision prices will help materially to ex
tend this favorable turn in the country’s
exterior trade by increasing expt rls a fid
diminishing imports.
The initiative and Referendum.
A distinguished Massachusetts citizen
calls our attention to the speech recently
made in the Arizona constitutional con
vention by Judge Edward M. Doe of Co
conino county, in opposition to a proposed
provision of the Arizona constitution re
serving to the people the power to make
use of the initiative and referendum. The
speech is instructive. One is reminded, by
it that the constitutionality of the initi
ative and referendum in any of our state
governments is still in dispute. The ques
tion. said Judge Doe to the Arizona con
vention. is pending in the United States
supreme court, “in the case of state
‘against Pacific States telephone and tele
graph company, 99 Pacific, 421, on ap
‘peal from the supreme court of Oregan.”
The judge has learned by inquiries that
the case is No 197 upon the court calen
dar “and cannot by any possibility be
‘beard before next spring, and in all prob
‘ability will not be reached for hearing
‘before next fall, and the decision of the
‘court can scarcely be expected in its
‘present somewhat disorganized condition
‘before the following spring.”
Judge Doe’s special argument goes be
yond the question of the constitutionality
of the initiative and referendum, inasmuch
as he urges that the president would not
accept an Arizona constitution embodying
these measures, pending the final decision
of the highest court. And it follows, in
his opinion, that, in order to make sure
of statehood at an early day, Arizona
should drop the initiative and teferendum
idea. An argument of this character is
of consequence chiefly in Arizona, and
the constitutional convention will undoubt
edly act as public opinion dictates. What
interests outsiders more especially is the
opinion of Judge Doe, who is described
as the ablest lawyer in the territory, that
the proposed provision cannot be recon
ciled with that clause of the federal con
stitution which declares that "the United
‘States shall guarantee to every state in
‘this Union a republican form of govern
‘ment.”
It would be surprising if the United
States supreme court should sustain the
opinion of Judge Doe. It is more likely
to sustain the state supreme court of
Oregon, which has declared the Oregon
system constitutional. The "new national
‘ism” would gain a great impetus if the
highest tribunal of law in America should
pronounce the initiative and referendum
inconsistent with "a republican form of
‘government.’’ The proposed provision of
the Arizona constitution becomes of in
terest in this connection. It reads as fol
lows:—
Section I—The legislative authority of
thp state shall vested in a Legislature,
consisting of a Senate and House of Rep
resentatives. hut the people reserve the
I>ower to propose laws and amendments
to the constitution and to enact or reject
the same at the polls, independently of the
Legislature, and they also reserve for use
at their own option tile power to approve
or reject at the polls any act, or item, sec
tion or part of any act of the Legislature.
Thore is room for strong differences of
opinion, no doubt, concerning the use of
the initiative and referendum, but this
proposed provision of the Arizona consti
tution strikes us as in no reasonable sense
repudiating the clause of the federal con
stitution that guarantees to the states “ a
‘republican form of government.” What
ever expressions of the United States su
preme court there may be bearing upon
the question are obiter dicta. Judge Doe
argues to the effect that a purely
representative government is, ip this
country, the only possible republican
government. But such an assumption
seems opposed not only to the history
of republics, since the days of ancient
Athens and Sparta and Rome, but to or
dinary common sense. There have been
republics extremely oligarchic in charac
ter, like Venice under the Council of Ten;
and there have been republics very demo
cratic in character, like modern Switzer
land. where the initiative and referendum
flourish in all their plenitude. A republic
has never been necessarily a form of gov
ernment in which the law-making function
was exclusively in the hands of represen
tatives chosen by the electorate. Madi-
THE SPRINGFIELD WEEKLYREPITBLICAN: THURSDAY. NOVEMBER 17. 1910.
I son. who was a leading member of the coir
I stitutionsl convention of 1787. wrote in
J the Federalist:—
We may doline a republic to be a gov
i eminent which derives all its powers di
rectly or indirectly from the great body of
the people, and is administered by persons
holding their offices during pleasure, for n
limited period, or during good behavior.
It seems a very narrow const ruction of
the phrase. "Republican form of govern-
Tuent.” to say that it means precisely the
exact form of government which the 13
original states had organized when the
federal constitution was framed in 1787.
As a matter of fact, those 13 state govern
ments differed in many important details,
just as they differ to-day. Rhode Island
was governed under the charter, granted
by King Charles 11. until 1542; and King
Charles II had no liking for any form of
republican government whatever. In one
or two of the 13 original states there was
an established church. There was a state
religion in Connecticut down to ISIS, when
the pre.-ent constitution was adopted in
place of the old royal charter.
Primarily, a republic is one which has
no king, nor any hereditary ruler. It may
be oligarchic, aristocratic or democratic:
it may be centralized or federal: it may be
parliamentary or congressional: it may be
good, bad or indifferent. And while this
is so. it seems absurd for American con
stitutional lawyers to set up the theory
that the initiative and referendum destroys
a republican form of government.
The Victory of Judge Baldwin.
Judge Baldwin’s success in Connecticut
was much more remarkable than his small
plurality indicates. The total rote cast
was less than 175,(100 and it was his diffi
cult task to overturn a republican plurality
that, in state elections, had for years aver
aged more than 20,000. Only two years
ago. President Taft had carried Connecti
cut by 44,000.
The campaign which the judge made was
notable for its vigor, acuteness and tire
less pursuit of his opponent. In the final
exchange between them on the question
of an inquiry into corrupt practices, Judge
Baldwin drove the republican candidate
from the field of debate entirely. There
were naturally many doubts before the
democratic nomination was made whether
a man who had been isolated on the
bench for 18 years and had reached the
age of 70 could adapt himself quickly to
a political atmosphere and hold his own in
a violent partisan conflict. But it is now
apparent to all that, not only in bis dis
cussion of state issues, but in his conduct
of the controversy with Mr Roosevelt,
which was suddenly precipitated upon him
without the slightest warning. Judge Bald
win proved the most sagacious and the
strongest adversary the republicans of Con
necticut have encountered in 20 years.
Judge Baldwin will make an excellent
governor. In some respects he may sur
prise the state by his administration as
much as he has already by the force and
success of his canvass. The state has need
of his services; and he will surely rise
to the limit of his opportunity.
FIGHT HAS MERELY BEGUN.
Roosevelt Says That Progressive Prin
ciples Will be Carried to Trium
phant Conclusion.
The following statement by Theodore
Roosevelt, his first comment since the re
cent elections, will appear in this week’s
issue of the Outlook:—
"On every hand, personally and by cor
respondence, 1 have been asked to make
a statement regarding the election. So
far as I am concerned, I have nothing
whatever to add to or to take away from
the declaration of the principles which I
have made in the Osawatomie speech and
elsewhere, East and West, during the
past three months. The fight for pro
gressive popular government has merely
begun, and will certainly go on to a tri
umphant conclusion in spite of initial
checks and irrespective of the personal
success or failure of individual leaders.”
LYMAN ABBOTT EXPLAINS.
Says That Democratic Victory Was
Due and That it is Progressive, Not
Reactionary.
Dr Lyman Abbott, editor of the Outlook,
of which Mr Roosevelt is a contributing
editor, Friday at New York gave out
his (Dr Abbott's) interpretation of the re
cent election as embodied in an editorial to
appear in the next issue of that publica
tion :—
“Popular dissatisfaction with present
conditions, especially with the high prices;
indignation at the manifest control of the
special interests of the tariff revision, and
still more at the defenses and eulogies of
the tariff bill: wrath at the corruption and
the hypocritical pretenses disclosed in cer
tain influential republican circles, coupled
with the forgetfulness of the fact that the
exposure and the prosecution were fur
nished by republicans; a growing convic
tion that there was an alliance between
the special interests and the republican oli
garchy, with the belief that the easiest
way to hit, at, it was by voting with the
opposition; indifference in an election which
to many voters appeared to be a contest
rather between persons than between prin
ciples—an impression which a too personal
campaigning tended to increase; a general
tendency in America to make a change in
political control from time to time, an in
clination which the political conditions that
prevailed in solid states does much to jus
tify; some fears in certain quarters, not
less politically effective because wholly un
dehned, lest the spectre of radicalism
should work havoc to business interests
the fact that the republican party was
divided between the insurgents and the
regulars, while the democratic party, freed
from the traditions of Cleveland and the
personality of Bryan, was for the first time
in years united all these causes combined
to bring about a political revolution.
"But I do not believe the election indi
cates a reaction and revolution. The facts
are that in every state, except Indiana,
where there was a definite popular insur
gent movement within the republican
party which succeeded, that party succeed
ed in the election: that in every'state ex
cept. Pennsylvania, where there was no
such movement within the party, or where
it failed, the republican partv failed in the
election: that with the single exception of
the senator from Indiana, no senator, who
was retired by failure to secure either a
renomination or n re-election, represents
the progressive element in the partv- that
of the governors elected a decided majority
represent the progressive rather than the
reactionary element in their rspective par
ties. including such reprewntatives of pro
gressive thought as Woodrow Wilson on
the Atlantic coast and Hiram Johnson on
the Pacific; that the Insurgents ar,- insur
gents no longer, but are recognized as
| leaders in the republican party—all indi
-1 cate that the election, which is a signal
triumph of the democratic party, is not a
defeat of progressive principles aml does
not indicate a decadence of the progressive
spirit.
"Nor do I think that the jack-o’-lantern
bugaboo of Mr Roosevelt's imagined mon
archical ambitions cut any considerable
figure in the election. The fact that the
greatest falling off in the republican vote
was in the state of Pennsylvania, where
his voice was not once heard in the cam
paign. is significant if not conclusive upon
that point. The simple fact is that a dem-
ocratie triumph was publicly predicted by I
both democrats and republicans eight :
months agu. uud was foreshadowed by the
enforced retirement of Messrs Aldrich and
Hale from the Semite and by the Maine •
election in Septemlier. Mr Roosevelt «as >
called in to save the situation. He re- :
sponded to the call, but conk! not turn the I
tide. He did something more important. ;
he heartened the proc.i s-ives in his own
party, carried forward in bis own state ,
the work of party purilii tition so well be- ■
gun by Mr llughcs. ami did something to I
inspire with the spirit of genuine and na
tional democratic progress the party of bis
political opponent."
LODGE'S SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN.
Both the Senators Busy AV ilia Lcgis
lators — Statement is Expected
Witliiu a Few Days.
From Our Special Reporter.
Boston, Monday. November 14
Senators Lodge ami ( rane have been nt
the Hotel Touraine to-day. and it is said
that they have been keeping up communi
cation with members-elect of the Legisla
ture, pushing Senator Lodge's campaign
for re-election. They say that they have
nothing to give om to-day. It is expected
trom what they said that there wiil be a
statement for publication in a few days. ।
presumably as soon as they have the scu
uturship buttoned up beyond a doubt.
A Boston democrat, speaking to-day of !
the reasons why Marlin M. Lomasney is
supposed to be ready to deliver all the
democratic votes for Ledge which he can
influence, said that Lodge and Lomasney
had bet'll on good terms for a long lime,
that Lodge had seem'd! employment for
Lomasney's constituents, iuid that Lomas
ney had rendered favors for the repub
licans in return, as when he favored
Frotliingham.
There seems to be no reason to expect
that Hamlin will reconsider his refusal to
be the democratic candidate. Foss is re
garded in some quarters as the most
available democrat, but it is «ivt believed
that lie will stand.
BATES DECLARES FOR LODGE.
A Demonstration of How the Senator
Might Lose.
Senator Lodge continues to be confident
of his re-election, and Tuesday ex-Gov-
Bates issued the following statement: "I
am highly appreciative of the good opinion
of those friends who have suggested my
name as a candidate for the United States
Senate, nor do I thiuk lightly of the honor
they propose, but I am not a candidate, and
know: of no sufficient reason why the state
should not continue to be represented in
that body by the statesman who is now a
candidate for re-election, who has devoted
the best of his years to the service of the
commonwealth, and who has stoutly cham
pioned those republican policies that have
brought into being, quickened and expanded
the industries upon which her prosperity
has been built, and upon the continuance of
which her welfare depends.”
The Boston Globe figures out that on
the face of things, if the democrats stand
together, the socialist member of the House
refuses to go to Lodge, and those repub
licans who have declared against Him re
main in opposition, the senator must come
one short of a plurality on the joint bal
lot. Here is the demonstration: —
According to the Globe's canvass of the
republican members-elect of the Legisla
ture of 1911, 13 have declared against
Lodge for re-election, as follows: Bellamy
of Taunton, Cogswell of Lynn, McDonald
of Beverly, Wood of Gambridge, Day of
Hopkinton, Stevens of Dracut, Barlow,
Marchand and Kilpatrick of Lowell, Sharp
of Nantucket, Silvester of Worcester, of
the House, and Senators Nason of Haver
hill and Hibbard of lio well. These, added
to the 127 democrats, make 140 against
Lodge, and 141 are necessary for a choice
of senator on a joitftballot. Prominent re
publicans are saying that in ease of a dead
lock there will be a republican candidate
against Lodge. The following table shows
the situation as it stands to date:—
Whole number members of Legislature . .280
Necessary for a choice of United States
senator on joint ballot 141
Republicans elected House and Senate ...152
Democrats elected House and Senate ....127
Socialist elected to House 1
Some colored citizens of Boston, led by
W. M. Trotter, have appealed to members
of the Legislature to refuse to vote for Sen
ator Lodge's re-election, on the ground that
“his course in the Brownsville case plainly
proved that our rights are not safe in his
hands.”
CRANE AND GUILD FOB LODGE.
Issued Statement* in His Behalf Last
Week.
It is plain that every effort will be made
to hold the republican majority in the Leg
islature together sufficiently to secure Mr
Lodge's re-election. It will be remembered
that Mayor Fitzgerald of Boston suggested
that the democrats go to ex-Govs Guild or
Bates, the while that the chairman of the
democratic state committee was saying that
his party ought to put forward Charles S.
Hamlin. The response to the Fitzgerald sug
gestion was given Thursday night, when
ex-Gov Guild in a public statement declared
that in his belief a contest over the re
election of .Senator Lodge would endanger
progressive legislation. Mr Guild referred 1
especially to the Appalachian forestry bill,
a permanent tariff commission and a na
tional child labor law, in all of which, he
said, he was directly interested. Admitting
that ho did not always agree with Senator
Lodge on certain issues, the former governor
said: “There is just one thing to do. it
seems to me. Let ns re-elect Senator Lodge
without any further discussion, and, in
stead of quarreling with each other, unite
in pushing the whole party forward on pro
gressive principles.”
Senator W. Murray Crane was also on
the side of unity of party action, saying:
“It is, in my opinion, in the interests of the
republican party, of the state of Massachu
setts, and of the service of the United
States, that Senator Lodge should be re
elected, and I am sure that it is in the inter
est of the republican party in the state
and the wish of the republican majority in
the Legislature."
AGAINST SENATOR LODGE.
To the Editor of The Republican:—
Thore is no mystery concerning the op
position to Senator Lodge among mem
bers of his own party. He is classed
with Mr Aldrich—where he belongs. For
example: If your Washington correspond
ent will look into the history of the fed
eral food and drugs act of 1906. partic
ularly the persistent struggle on the part
of certain large food, drug and liquor
interests to secure interpretations of that
law which should he liberal to the point
of laxity, he will find Senator Lodge
taking a hand, and on the side of those
"interests.” It is fair to add that one
republican senator. Mr Root of Now
^ork. wns first, last and always with
the forces working for pure food. Schol
arship and eloquence cannot be counted
upon just now to reconcile the people to
the betrayal of their interests.
„ .... James E. Tower.
Nprinpfirld, Xorrmbcr It. tflin.
Congressman Victor Murdock, the “in
surgent ’ lender, who was re-elected to
Congress from the Kth Kansas district,
said at Wichita last week: “I read In the
congressional election news n plain nnd tin
mifltii Ruble tomme nd of the people to Cou
gross to take more power away from the
speaker. Ihe power to aptsdnt commit
teos should be taken from all future speak
ers nnd put back in the House, where it
belongs, and I firmly believe it will be."
SOME ELECTION AFTERMATH.
FOSS’S LEAD NOW 31,030.
Willi Ms < iticx and 37 Town* Mi sain ft
Socialist* Polled DIG 7—Some Con
urvßxioiißl Recount* Esnrcted.
Returns from the city and town clerks
cf the vote for governor and four other
state officers tabulated Thursday from all
but six cities anil 37 towns show that
Fuks had a plurality of 31.630. The vote
was as follows Governor: Foss ulemt.
200,976: Draper tiepi. 169.946; White
Uoe). 9467: Nicholls (pro). 2897; Ruther
(hoc lab). 2216. Secretary of state: Mar
tell (deno. 155.527; Olin ireph 180,465"
Treasurer Peach (dem). 155.410: Ste
\vns utpi. 177.982, Auditor: Paine (demi.
15,5.342; Turner (rep l . 175,602. Attorney
general: Ratigan olom). 155.705: Swift
irep*. 151.T717. It is expected that the
recounts will he held in the 4th. sth and
14th congressional districts, where the re
publican candidates were elected on the
face of the returns by narrow margins.
The congressmen elected were: Ist dis
trict, * George P. Lawrence, republican.
771 plurality: 2d. :: E. H. Gillett, repub
lican. plurality. 679; 3d. John A. Thayer,
democrat, plurality. 815: 4th, William IL
Wilder, republican, plurality. 142; sth.
♦Butler Ames republican, plurality. 625;
6ih. : A. P. Gardner, republican, plurality,
1700; 7th. ”E. W. Roberts, republican,
plurality. 1437; Sth. *S. W. ALCalh repub
lican. plurality. 1720; 9th. William E. Mur
ray. democrat, plurality, 1515: 10th. James
M. Curley, democrat, plurality. 4562; 11th,
*A. J. Peters, democrat, plurality, 5900;
12th. ’Mohn W. Weeks, republican, plural
ity. 2100; 13th. *W. S. Green, republican,
plurality. 3046; 14th. Robert O. Harris,
republican, plurality. 112. *Re-e!octed.
LEWIS PLEASED WITH HIS VOTE.
William* Professor, Who Gave Con-
KreAKman Itawrence a Hot Race.
Willing to Run Again Two Years
Hence.
Assistant Prof Edward M. Lewis of
illiams college, who gave Congressman
George P. Lawrence the only close shave
that he has ever had in Tuesday’s election,
made the following statement hjst week:
“I am immensely pleased with the handsome
vote that I received and desire to thank
all those who supported me. I entered this
contest with no Hope or expectation of
winning. My purpose was to protest
against the failure to properly revise the
tariff and against Canuouism.* My victory
was won last Saturday night. Should the
nomination come to me two years hence
I shall try to present the issues to The
voters of the smaller towns that rolled
up the majority that defeated me in the
election.'*
SECRETARY FOR GOV-ELECT FOSS.
Dudley M. Holman C hosen—The I nit
c<l States Senntorship.
From Our Special Reporter.
Boston, Tuesday, November 15.
Gov-elect Foss has chosen for private sec
retary Dudley M. Holman, who was in
his office during the campaign, helping
from that quarter, where he was of large
service in addition to what was done by
the democratic state committee. Mr Hol
man is editor of the Taunton Herald,
which is a republican paper, and he is a
Maine newspaper man of long experience,
where he was connected with Blaine cam
paigns. He is loyal to Mr Foss, has been
tried by him in connection with former
campaigns, and there is not the slightest
fear on party grounds that he will not ren
der absolutely faithful service.
FOSS AND DRAPER EXPENSES.
Election Cost Successful Candidate
$20,000 More Than His Opponent.
The successful campaign of Eugene N.
Foss, the democratic candidate for gov
ernor at last week’s election, cost him
$37,000, according to his sworn return
tiled late Tuesday. This is $20,000 more
than was expended by Gov Eben S.
Draper, who was defeated. Mr Foss paid
$31,000 to the democratic state committee,
while the balance went to the democratic
city committee of Boston. Speaker Jo
seph Walker, republican, paid $1125 in
his successful campaign. John A. Thayer
of Worcester, one of the new democratic
eongressmen-elect. expended S4OO. In ad
dition to three-weeks’ work on the stump,
Gov Draper spent $17,000 in his unsuc
cessful quest for re-election. The money
was contributed to the republican state
committee and to his campaign managers.
BALDWIN’S PLURALITY 3600.
Connecticut Judge Reiterates Inten
tion to Sue Roosevelt.
The unofficial figures of the ballot cast
last week in Connecticut follows: Govern
or, Charles A. Goodwin, republican, 73.625;
Simeon E. Baldwin, democrat. 77,225;
Hohentbal, prohibition, 1679; Hunter,
socialist. 10.7.07. Baldwin’s plurality, 3600.
For congressman-at-large, John Q. Tilson,
republican. 79.270: George I’. Ingersoll,
democrat, 73.479: Tilson’s plurality, 5800.
The democratic victory is impressive in its
local contests, the gain being 57 seats in
the House and 10 in the Senate. Demo
cratic sheriffs were elected in four of the
eight counties. The complexion of the
Legislature remains republican.
Judge Baldwin, in replying to the con
gratulations of his class in the Yale law
school hist week on his election, reiterated
his intention of bringing action against for
mer President Roosevelt because o's cer
tain statements reported to have been
made by the latter concerning Judge Bald
win’s attitude on workmen's compensation.
In a brief reply to the students’ congrat
ulations, Judge Baldwin said: “I thank
you. (gentlemen. I stand before yon as
an instructor, rather than as a politician
But 1 will say that in my campaign I
was assisted by a controversy I had with
a certain ex-president and 1 have come
to the conclusion that this ex-president
knows less law than you and I do, and
I am going to teach him some.”
THE ELECTION OF BERGER.
Socialists of Milwaukee Surprise
Country in Electing; a Congress
man.
The socialists achieved a notable victory
In last week's election by electing Victor
L. BergeY to represent Wisconsin in the
national Congress from the sth Wisconsin
district. Berger will have the distinction
of being the first socialist to sit in Con
gress. Complete unofficial returns place
his plurality at 285.
Berger last week gave out the following
statement on the socialist victory: “The
United States of America now gets into
line with all of the other civilized nations
of the world, and the working class of Mil
waukee has the immortal honor of starting
a new chapter in American history. The
reason for this is obvious. The working
classes of Milwaukee have been educated
by u literature propaganda of many years.
They have been taught the cardinal truths
of socialism, which is nothing more or
less than the political economy of the
working clhm. Economic conditions, tile
trusts an<l the trust prices did the rest.
These fai ts furnish examples of the theory
we expounded."
BIG SOCIALIST GAINS.
Charles Edward Russell Receives
06,000 Votes—Surprises Up State.
Marked gains in the zochilist vote
throughout New York state arc shown in
the returns from Inst we'ek'lf election. Fig
ures available Thursday indicate a total
vote for Charles Edward Russell, nominee
for governor, of 65,000. which is nearly
double die XL9IM vote of 114)8. in New
York city Russeil received 27.230. Must
siguiticanr. however, are the increases up
state. Sixty-tivc cities that gave a vote of
7S5(i two years ago show 28.titM* this year.
In the outlying districts the gains are es
pecially notable. Districts which formerly
showeil less than 10 votes, this year report
from 100 to 500. Among rhe large cities
that show substantial socialist gains an*
Buffalo. Schenectady. Syracuse and
Rochester. In some instances the increases
are as high as 500 per cent.
SAFE TO REPUBLICANS.
Dupont Will Be Ue-elected Without
Trouble in Delaware.
Late returns from throughout Delaware
show that the next Legislature will be com
posed of 31 republicans and 21 democrats.
L’nited States Senator Henry Dupont, re
publican. will be re-elected without opposi
tion. There will be nine republicans and
eight democrats in the Senate, and 22 re
publicans and 13 democrats in the House.
The majority of Representative in Congress
Heald, republican, will exceed 2000. State
Treasurer Moore, republican, will have
about 500 majority. Dr Caleb R. Layton,
auditor in the state department at Wash
ington, was defeated for state senator in
the sth district of Sussex county, normally
a republican district, by William F. Black
stone, democrat.
DEADLOCK IN RHODE ISLAND.
I neertain Complexion of Assembly—
Gov l*olbier Falls From Highest to
Lowest Plurality.
Gov Aram J. Pothier, republican, elected
a year ago by the largest plurality ever
accorded a candidate for governor In
Rhode Island, was re-elected for a second
term last week by a plurality of 903, one
of the smallest votes in the history of
gubernatorial contests in the state. The
total vote was: Aram J. Pothier, repub
lican, 33.492; Lewis A. Waterman, demo
crat. 32,589: Nathaniel T. Green, prohi
bitionist. 953; James Herrick, social la
bor, 599. The remainder of the republican
state ticket ran ahead of the governor.
Tim democrats emerged from the contest
with one congressman, George F. Shaugh
nessy, formerly of New York, in the Ist
district, while the republicans won with
George H. T tter in the 2d. The next As
sembly will be deadlocked over the election
of a successor to Senator Nelson W. Ai
drich.
WaKhinglon Strongly Republican.
The republicans of Washington won a
sweeping victory in last week’s election,
choosing five supreme court justices by a
plurality of about 50,000 and electing all
three congressmen, William F. Humphrey,
Stanton Warburton and William L. La
Follette. The republican majority in the
Legislature will be more than 100, insur
ing the election of Miles Poindexter as
l’nited States senator. A woman suffrage
amendment to the state constitution seems
to have carried by a majority of two to
one. An unexpected result of the election
was the success of the “dry” faction in
local option elections in all parts of the
state.
Colorado is Democratic.
Late figures at Denver, Col., indicate
that Shafroth’s plurality for governor will
be around 18,000. Four women will
sit in the 18th General Assembly of
Colorado as a result of the election. They
are Alma Lafferty. Louise F J
and Louis M. Kerwin, all elect
ed to the House of Representatives trout
Denver districts on the democratic ticket;
and Agnes Riddle, republican, elected from
three outside counties. In the last Gen
eral Assembly Mrs Lafferty, who was re
elected. was the only woman representa
tive. There are no women senators. Mrs
Helen M. Wixon was elected superintend
ent of education and Miss Anna L. Wol
cott regent of the state university.
Illinois Legislature Republican.
Final counts made throughout Illinois
and returned Saturday show that while
decided democratic gains were made, both
branches of the Illinois Legislature will
have a republican majority. There will
be 81 republicans, 70 democrats, one pro
hibitionist and one independent in the
House. Nearly a dozen of the republicans
made their campaign on a progressive re
publican platform and up to the present
have made no alliance with the regular
branch. In the Senate there will be 33
republicans and 18 democrats with a con
test likely in the 11th district in Chicago.
Almost Complete Nebraska Returns.
Almost complete returns at Omaha. Neb.,
show that the republican state ticket has
been elected by pluralities ranging from
3000 to 15,000. The latter figure repre
sents the lead of Aldrich, republican, for
governor, over Dahlman. democrat- For
United States senator, ,G. M. Hitchcock
has won over Senator Burkett by about
20,000 votes. The next Legislature, ac
cording to unofficial returns, will stand 19
democrats and 14 republicans in the Sen
ate, 54 democrats and 46 republicans in
the House.
Republican State Ticket Wins.
Though unofficial returns from Missouri
on last week's election are yet incom
plete, probably all the republican candi
dates for state offices have been elected by
pluralities ranging from 1500 to 2800.
Democratic State Chairman Joseph B
Shannon at St Louis Saturday night
charged fraud in connection with the elec
tion in St Louis which the republicans car
ried by 30.000. He said he would insist
upon a rigid investigation.
Both Parties Claim Oklahoma.
Both political parties still claim Okla
homa as a result of last week's election.
Returns received, however, indicate that
Lee Cruce, n democrat, was elected gov
ernor by a plurality ranging from 6000
to 10,000. Republicans claim 63 of the
109 members of the House, and a gain
of five senators. E. L. Fulton, democrat,
who was defeated in the 3d congressional
district, will contest the re-election of Dick
T. Morgud. republican.
Republicans Carry Kansas.
The next Kansas House of Representa
tives will have 54 republican members and
46 democrats. This is indicated by returns
from 100 out of 105 counties. The demo
crats may get two more members from
the remaining five counties. Gov Stubbs’s
plurality will be 14,000.
Montana Legislature Republican.
Late returns at Helena. Mont., indicate
that Montana s next Legislature will be
divided politically on joint ballot as fol
lows: Republicans 53, democrats 4!>. The
count has advanced far enough so that it
is believed these figures will stand. United
States Senator Carter will probably be
his own successor.
Wilson Wins by 60,000.
Latest election returns at Trenton. N, .1.,
show that Woodrow Wilson's plurality for
governor is upward of 48,000. It is ex
peeted that the complete returns will bring
the plurality up Io 50.000.
Hooper** PlnrnlUy 10,000.
The latest figures given out by the fusion
I headquarters at Nashville, Teun., on the
governorship place the plurality of Hooikt,
republican, at 19,000. Democratic * State
Chairman Vertrcus alleges that frauds had
been coinmitted by the republicans in cast
Tennessee, but the opposition says there
is no ground for such n charge. The
Legislature is close. The denioer.lts claim
19 out of 33 senators and 40 out of 99
representatives, with a chance for one or
two more.
Bass I,ends by 7022.
Complete unofficial returns from the 290
election districts in New Hampshire for
governor gave: Robert P. Bass, republican,
44.405; Clarence E. Carr, democrat, 37.-
388: Bass’s plurality. 7022. Currier and
Hulloway, both republicans, have been re
turned to Congress, the former by a plural
ity of 5000; tile latter by u plurality of
somewhat less than 1000. The next Legis
lature will bo overwhelmingly republican.
West Considered Elected.
Estimates that Oswald West, democrat,
for governor, carried Oregon by 3000 to
3300 majority will stand until the official
canvass of the votes is made. Jay Bow
erman. republican, concedes that he lost
the race by about 25(H) votes. Analysis
of the count, so far as it has progressed,
seems to justify rhe prediction that the
woman suffrage amendment has been de
feated by about 15.000 majority.
Chicago Victors Will Get the Spoil*.
Approximately 4000 positions in Cook
county. Illinois, now held by republicans,
will he handed over to democrats as a
result of last week’s election. John Mc-
Carthy. chairman of the democratic coun
ty committee, said Wednesday that the
new county officers would “lose no more
time than is necessary in turning out the
republicans.”
West Virginia Democratic.
Revised returns for Congress in the 3d
IVvst Virginia district show that Little
page, democrat, has defeated Joseph H.
Gaines, republican, and House member of
the committee on appropriations by 741.
Ihe state Senate is a tie. 15 democrats
and L> republicans. The House of Dele
sates stands: Democrats, 62; republicans,
24 ; majority. 38.
Hope Leaves Idaho Republicans.
Hope of the re-election of Gov James
H. Brady was all but abandoned at the
headquarters of the republican state ceu
tral committee at Boise, Idaho, Fridav.
Ilie democratic candidate, James H. Haw
ley. now leads Brady by an indicated plu
lality of more than 1000 with 90 precincts
yet to be heard from.
South Dakota Goes Republican.
Latest returns from South Dakota show
that the republicans elected Gov Vessey
and Congressmen Burke and Martin by
majorities estimated at 12,000 to 15,000.
County option and equal suffrage amend
ments have been beaten. The Legislature
is almost unanimously republican.
Blow for Woman Suffrage.
Woman suffrage received a blow at
Phoenix. Ariz.. Friday when the consti
tutional convention by a vote of 15 to 28
defeated the Connolly proposition instruct
ing the first state Legislature at its first
session to submit the question to a refer
endum vote.
Gov Carroll Wins by 17,000.
Practically complete returns at Des
Moines, la., from 96 out of 99 counties
give Carroll, republican, a lead over Porter,
democrat, of 17.869 in the lowa guber
jitorial contest.
Vessey by 20,000.
Latest returns on the South Dakota elec
tion give Gov Vessey. republican, 15,000
over Wood, democrat. It is expected com
plete returns will give Vessey 20,000 plu
fslity.
Returns From Nevada.
The latest election returns received at
Carson City, Nev., indicate that the com
ing Legislature wiil be democratic on joint
ballot.
Democratic Gains in Idaho.
Belated returns on last week’s election in
Idaho continue to increase the plurality
of James H. Hawley, democrat, candidate
for governor. It is estimated that he will
lead Gov Brady by about 1000 votes.
Wyoming Legislature Republican,
Complete returns indicate that the Wy
oming Legislature will be republican by a
majority of 11 on joint ballot, insuring
the return of. Senator C. D. Clark to the
United States Senate.
PROGRAM WILL BE PUSHED.
Cabinet Meets and Decides to Hurry
Legislation Through Congress.
The election and its lessons and press
ing forward the administration’s legisla
tive program so. as to get it out of the
way before democratic control in Con
gress next year were among the subjects
discussed at a cabinet meeting at Wash
ington last week Wednesday. Chief
among the administrative measures
will be the plan for meeting sec
ond-class mail abuses by requiring
magazines—not newspapers—to pay in
creased postage on their advertis
ing pages sufficient to eliminate postal
deficits and warrant establishment of one
cent postage on first-class mall in the.
near future. This is Postmaster-General
Hitchcock’s project. The plan will be
urged upon Congress at the coming short,
session, and a number of magazine pub
lishers already have expressed their di
position to eo-operate. Congress will be
asked to authorize separate weighing of
advertising and legitimate reading mat
ter, each Publisher certifying to his local
postmaster the facts necessary to deter
mine the nqstage. Action will be urged
on other measures.
The cabinet sessions are usually held on
Tuesdays and Fridays, but the meeting
was held Wednesday last week because of
the president’s absence Tuesday and his de
parture for Panama Wednesday afternoon.
The discussion of the election results
brought out the individual views of the
president and those of some of his official
family. It was isiinted out among other
things that it was in the East that tile
most harm to the republican party was
done, much of the outcome in the West
having been discounted in the primaries.
Some comfort was found irt the relative
smallness of the democratic pluralities as
compared with the figures rolled up in the
past when democratic primacy was at
tained. New York's apparently less than
70,000 plurality was cited in this con
nection. .
The expressed views of some of the mem
bers M(as that the defeat of the party in
these state elections might readily work
for good. It demonstrated, in tbeir opin
ion. the necessity of the party leaders mak
ing the fight of their lives for the national
election two years hence, and it served as
a timely warning. President Taft realizes
the necessity for getting through all need
ed administration legislation in the three
months’ session beginning next month. He
called on members of (lie cabinet last
week for n statement of the situation in
their respective departments, and the mat
ter will lie taken up in detail on the presi
dent's return from Panama.
CLARK WANTS REVISION.
Democratic House Leader Says Demo
crats Will lie on Their Good De
hn slop.
Downward revision of the tariff at once
is the pledge made for the new democratic
House of Representatives by Champ
Clark, congressman from the 9th Missouri
district, who is a candidate tor the speak
ership. "The landslide is in line with
my prediction of mouths ago,” said Con
gressuian Clark at his home ut Bowling
Green. Mo., last week. "The people are
tired of the present administration and
are provoked to just the extent that the
returns indicate with the tariff deception.
"The first and greatest proposition the
democrat should stand for is a reduction
in the tariff to a revenue basis. 1 would
reduce it scientifically and gradually, and
pur into it n sliding sente much like
there was in the tariff bill of 1833. There
is no question lint what the democrats
will be on their good behavior in the next
Congress, and the future will depend
largely on our conduct. Democrats now
have a golden opportunity for construc
tive statesmanship. mid should seize it
nnd demonstrate once more their fitness
for legislating wisely nnd patriotically.”
Surveying the ruins. Senator Cummins of
town finds his prospects as a presidential
candidate in 1(112 much improved Dolli
ver is dead physically. and Beveridge dead
politically. Ln Follette is left. but, com
pared with the Wisconsin senator, the
lowa radical becomes "safe and suue," In
the opinion of his friends.