Springfield weekly Republican. [volume], May 04, 1911, Page 10, Image 10

About Springfield weekly Republican. [volume] (Springfield, Mass.) 1851-1946

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10
ASQUITH AND BALFOUR SPEAK.
FOB ARBITRATION WITH AMERICA
RooslnK Meeting Held in Guildhall.
London.
What Premier Asquith described as "this
venerable Guildhall'’ at Loudon, without
whose seal of approval no popular mo>e
ment in London is really launched, wit
nessed Friday a meeting for the adop
tion of resolutions pledging the city to
the support of Anglo-American complete
arbitration. The lord mayor of London,
in his scarlet robes and with the mace in
front of him. held the center of a tempo
rary stage. Ou his right was the prime
minister: at his left, former Premier Bal
four. lender of the opposition in the House
of Cdiumous: while massed about the may
or were the archbishop of Canterbury. the
archbishop of Westminster, Lord More
burn. the lord high chancellor. Lord
Strathcona. hteh commissioner of Canada,
Sir Joseph G. Ward, premier of V w /•.
land, .and othei notables. Over their heads
the union jack and stars and stripes were
entwined.
Mr Asquith and Mr Balfour spoke elo
quently of the treaty first proposed by
President Taft, declaring that it would
mark a new era in civilization, but both
pointedly disclaimed that a peace pact be
tween Great Britain and the United
States, providing for the submission of all
differences to arbitration, would mean an
alliance between the two countries. Mr
Balfour warned his hearers, than whom,
he said, none in the world felt more the
burden of preparing for war. that the
treaty would not mean the immediate re
duction of armaments.
Premier Asquith said in part: “The
unique situation which we have met to
recognize and welcome has not been or
ganized or engineered by the apparatus
of diplomacy. The seed which me presi
dent of the United States cast fell on
ground prepared to receive it. That which
a few years ago. even a few months ago
might have l>een regarded as the dream
of idealists, has not only passed into the
domain of practical statemanship, but has
become the settled purpose of two great
democracies. The profound significance
of the new departure is that between Great
Britain and the United States whatever
the gravity of the issue and the magni
tude of the interests involved: whatever
tho poignancy of the feelings it arouses,
there will be a definite abandonment of
war as a possible solution, and the substi
tution of argument for force, and the su
persession by judicial methods of the old
ordeal of battle.’’
After declaring that the projected treaty
implied no menace to the rest of mankind
and did not provide for an Anglo-Ameri
can alliance aggressive or defensive, the
premier continued: "Rut we may hope and
believe that other things will follow. It
is not for us to dictate or to preach to
other nations, but if the United States and
Great Britain renounce war. a step will
I e taken of immeasurable and incompara
ble significance in the onward progress of
humanity.’’ Mr Asquith then moved the
following resolution:—
That this meeting of citizens of London,
assembled in the Guildhall, cordially wel
<on>rs the proposal of the United States in
Lnor of a general treaty of arbitration be
tween that country and the British empire,
and pledges its support to the principles of
such a treaty as serving the highest inter
ests of the two nations and as tending to
promote the peace of the world.
The resolution was received with tre
mendous applause, which continued until
Mr Balfour rose to second it. The opposi
tion loader said that Anglo-American arbi
trati«m seemed nearer fruition at this mo
ment than ever before in history. Some
regarded it as an idealistic dream and be
lieved that when the clash of conflicting
interests came all paper barriers would be
swept away, he said, and continued: "It
is true that it is folly to make inter
national law go far in advance of public
opinion. I cannot imagine a greater blow
to civilization than if. or I will rather say
when, such a treaty was made either party
shnuld break it, but as far as I can read
opinion on both sides of the Atlantic I
<annot indorse these pessimistic views. I
believe that the great mass of public
opinion on both sides favors this move.
If the skill of diplomats can embody this
feeling in a treaty I do not believe that
when the stress of international difficul
ties comes it will be broken.
The archbishop of Canterbury, the arch
bishop of Westminster, Chief Rabbi Ad
ler of the United Hebrew congregations
of the British empire, and Rev Frederick
Brotherton Meyer, minister of Regent’s
Park chapel, who spoke for the free
churches, seconded the resolution. Pre
mier Ward of New Zealand, who spoke
briefly for the colonies, received an en
thusiastic reception. Lord Avebury, lord
rector of St Andrew’s university, and
Lord Rothschild, who were unable to be
present, telegraphed their regrets.
ARBITRATION IS DISCUSSED.
British Agreement Taken Up by the
Cabinet.
Several tentative drafts of the proposed
arbitration treaty between the United
States and Great Britain were discussed
by President Taft and his cabinet Tues
day. Following the cabinet session. Sec
retary Knox and officials of the state de
partment continued the discussion of de
tails and phraseology, but Tuesday the
president told callers that no draft had
been accepted as final and that it might
be weeks before the treaty could be sub
mitted to the Senate or to Great Britain
for ratification.
Some difficulties in framing the treaty
l ave disappeared, according to the White
House view Tuesday. The criticism of
English newspapers that the United States
Senate must be consulted before disputes
could bo arbitrated was hardly a valid
objection, the president thought. The
treaty probably will be general in charac
ter. It will provide, according to the pres
ent idea, that when disputes arise be
tween the I uited States and Great Brit
ain. they ho submitted to an arbitral
court for settlement. In the opinion of
the president and his advisers, it is per
fectly natural that the Senate here or
Parliament or the British foreign office
should be concerted in arranging the de
tails for the settlement of each dispute.
So far no agreement hag been readied
among the framers of the treaty here as
to how the proposed arbitral court shall
be constituted. One proposal is that the
questions at issue be submitted us they
arise to the Hague tribunal. Another is
that as each question comes up. a court be
constituted by the agreement of both gov
ernments to settle that question alone.
The president is of the opinion that Great
Britain will not frame a separate proposi
tion. but that it will award the submis
sion nf the one drawn up hen-. The presi
dent told his visitors that he did not know
bow long the treaty would run.
FRIENDSHIP DINNER IN TOKIO.
Speaker* Condemn Writers Who Try
tn Make Trouble Between United
State and Japan.
A notable banquet was given Monday
night at Tokio by the association of friends
id’ America in Japan, in celebration of the
omdusion of the Japanese-American com*
aierciul treaty. The guests, numbering 130,
included Embassador O’Brien. Marquis
Komura, the foreign minister: Prince To
kugava, president of the House of Peers;
Baron Takabashi. Mayor Ozaki, former
Gov Fort of New Jersey and prominent
Americans of Tokio and Yokomaha. Vis
count Kanekn. who presided, scored what
he termed "The criminal breeding of mis
hief between two nations whose manifest
destiny is together to guard the control
jf the Pacified
Remarks in a similar vein were made by
; Komura. Tokugawa. Takahashi and 'Giki.
ami they were replied to in kind by Em
bassador O'Brien. Mr Fort and E M.
Frazar. Each speaker had a fling at the
writers and speakers who have represent
ed that there was anv ill-feeling between
Japan and the United States. A reference
to a posaibllty of a Japanese-American
complete arbitration treaty won great ap
plause. Mr O'Brien spoke of the '‘Consist
ency and sincerity" of the Japanese for
eign minister throughout the treaty ne
gotiations.
A resolution was adopted providing for
sending a cablegram to the third national
peace congress which opened in Balti
more this week assuring the American
people that the sentiment of all Japan
is friendly ami [leacefnl and that the two
countries should unite to “muzzle the mis
cinereous peace breaker."
FOR ANGLO-GERMAN FRIENDSHIP.
New Society l.auncbed at London
t inier Good Auspices.
"The Anglo-German friendship soci
ety" was formally launched at a meeting
in the Mansion House at London Mon
day. The object of the organization is to
dissipate any ill-will and suspicion that
may exist between the two nations, and
the speaker referred to the movement as
a fitting complement to the great Anglo-
American peace meeting at Guildhall. The
lord mayor presided, and the presence of
such men as the duke of Argyll. Sir Fred
erick C. Lascelles, formerly British em
bassador at Berlin, and the carl of Aber
deen. lord lieutenant of Ireland, all of
whom are officeholders in the new society,
guarantees an earnest effort to promote
more cordial popular relations between
the two powers.
HOW TO TEACH PATRIOTISM.
Mrs Mead of Boston Says Emphasis
Should Vol Be Laid I pun Wars.
"•Refute the fallacy that ‘government
rests on force':" “Sharply distinguish be
tween war within nations and war between
nations;" "Emphasize justice." These were
some of the suggestions made to the
school-teachers of Maryland by Mrs Lucia
Ames Mead of Boston at a meeting at
Baltimore Tuesday arranged specially
for the teachers by the American school
peace league m connection with the third
national congress which assembled there
yesterday for a four-day’s session. Mrs
Mead asserted that the teacher who is
in touch with the history that is in the
making and who lias the spirit of interna
tionalism is alone fitted to lead to-day.
"He must be in advance of the text
books.” she declared. "No books record
the most significant word uttered for a
decade by tile chief executive of a great
nation—the word of President Taft declar
ing that all difficulties between nations,
including those involving national honor,
should be settled by peaceable methods.
Patriotism may be so taught as to develop
the worst instead of the best impulses; it
may encourage arrogance and pride in our
country, instead of a readiness to serve
it. which is the only test of patriotism. Let
every young patriot learn that patriotism
has no more to do with a gun than with a
broom.
“The main thing is to secure a teacher
whose patriotism will put conscience and
enthusiasm into teaching those charactor
building lessons of infinitely more value to
any child than any technical booklore the
schools can give him. In the primary
grades stories of knights fighting dragons,
of firemen fighting flames, of heroes saving
life, should lie substituted for tales of
wars. Later, in history classes, wars must
be studied, but if emphasis is laid on
causes and cost and results of wars and
not on campaigns; if copies of Veristch
agin's mournful pictures of war and dear
statement of its squalor and horrors are
presented briefly, the glamor of the ‘splen
did charge' will not dim the child's insight
into the true nature of war. Some faint
conception of the appalling cost of arma
ments may be given the arithmetic class,
by setting them to figure out how many
schools like theirs could be built at the cost
of one short-lived Dreadnought costing
$12,500,000.”
MASSACHUSETTS PEACE SOCIETY.
Auxiliary of American Society Formed
—Three Springfield Men Among the
Officers.
The closing of the headquarters of rhe
American peace society, which have been
for 74 years in Boston, was marked by the
departure for Washington. D. C., Thursday
night of Dr Benjamin F. Trueblood, gen
eral secretary of the society, who will open
immediately the new central offices and
headquarters in the Colorado building in
that city, in accordance with a recent
decision ot the society. Dr James L.
Tryon has been appointed the New En
gland representative of the society, with
headquarters in Boston.
To further continue the work in Mas
sachusetts there was formed Thursday the
Massachusetts peace society, of which Mr
Tryon was elected secretary, and W. H.
H. Bryant of Boston, treasurer, while the
selection of president was left over to an
other meeting. Among the vice-presidents
are Samuel Bowles of Springfield. Rev Dr
Philip S. Moxom of Springfield. Dr L.
Clark Seelye of Northampton and Miss
Mary E. Woolley, president of Mount
Holyoke college. Dr Daniel W. Aber
crombie and Dr George H. Blakeslee of
Worcester, and Wilbur F. Gordy of
Springfield were named on the board of
directors.
WAR SPIRIT DECRIED.
De Constant and Bryan Speak at
Chicago Meeting.
Baron d'Estoutnelles de Constant,former
member of the Hague peace conference,
and William J. Bryan were guests of
honor of the Chicago peace society at
Chicago Saturday night. “No one ever
would speak of war, if people knew more
about arbitration,” said Baron de Con
stant. They do not know what the Hague
organization really is. We know now that
most of the wars of the post have been
useless. Victory is not al! glory and
profit. The victor himself has to par for
it. Militarism is the father of socialism.”
Mr Bryan said: “Some have hoped to
bring peace by an increase of armament
in tlie hope that the world might be
frightened away from war or driven to
peace by weight ot military armament.
We are glad to welcome any encourage
ment that maj- come from this source, but
it ought not to require the exhaustion of
nations to convince us that the ruin of
all concerned is the end of rivalry in the
building of battleships. I fear the en
couragement of the military spirit. I fear
the building of warships will inflame us
into a passion for war. rather than
frighten us into peace. I have more faith
in the power of a good example than in
the terror excited by 13-inch gnus.”
DINNER FOR D’ESTOt RNELLES.
Eight Thonaand Pcraona Asked to
Break Bread With the Peace I.egate.
Eight thousand persons have been in
vited to the dinner which the board of
: international hospitality,of the New York
I peace society expects to give Wednesday
1 evening, May 17, to Baron d’EatourneUes
I de Constant of France, who is in this
country on a peace mission. Three thou
sand names were of persons on the soci
ety's lists of those reputed to bo interest
ed in international amity. The others wore
taken from tho ‘‘blue book" and similar
sources of information. A hall the size of
Madison Square garden will be necessary
to accommodate the throng if all the in
vited ones accept, but W. H. Short, sec
retarj of the peace society, said yesterday
that owing to the lateness of the season
a large number of acceptances was not ex
pected and that the dining-room of one of
tho big uptown hotels would probably be
secured fur the dinner. ' . .
THE SPRINGFIELD WEEKLY REPUBLICAN: THURSDAY. MAY 4, 1911.
CONGRESSMAN BERGER HERE.
DYNAMITING ARREST CONDEMNED
Ucwolution* KidnavinK mid 11-
lempt tn Hailrocd MqAaniaraa
to the Gallowa~—Berber and John
''l>ni‘Ro Tell of the far pose and
ProKrew* of >ociali«m.
Hibernian ball in this city was filled
nearly to its capacity Tuesday night
for the May-day celebration of the
socialist club. Victor L. Berger of
Milwaukee. Wis.. the first socialist
t<> be elected to Uoncrcss. who took his seat
four weeks a-o. wa> the principal shaker.
Ue is a large, genial man with a strong
German accent and a keen sense of humor,
which enabled him tn give apt illustrations
,s ■Y- ’ ■■
VICTOR t„ PERUER.
[Socialist Congressman from Wisconsin.l
for his points and drive them quickly home.
He quickly won the sympathy of his audi
ence. Ue told what socialism has already
accomplished and what more its advocates
hope to accomplish. The font- resolutions
which he lias placed before Congress in the
four weeks of his membership were re
viewed and his reasons given for proposing
them. John Spargo was also one of tile
speakers, telling of the ptogress which so
cialism has made since its inception' and
prophesying that within five years Berger
will have as companions many other social
ist congressmen, and that the cause of so
eialism will take more rapid strides than it
ever has in the corresponding time in the
past.
Resolutions were adopted at the meet
ing condemning the method of getting
John J. McNamara into California after
his arrest on the charge of the blowing
up- of the Los Angeles Times building
The resolutions claim that he was il
legally kidnapped and that the proceed
ings against him are parallel to those
used in the Moyer. Haywood and Petti
bone case, the effort being to railroad the
arrested men to the gallows. They de
nounced the arrest as the outcome of an
infamous plot and pledged themselves to
morally and financially do all in their
power to defeat it and protect its vic
tims. Lena Morrow Lewis of San Fran
cisco. a member of the national executive
committee of the socialist party, also spoke
on the progress of socialism, and J. Mill
ion Barnes, national secretary of the party,
told of the political advances of the sodiril
ists. Edgar W. Herbert, secretary of the
local club, introduced the speakers.
Congressman Berger's Address.
Congressman Berger spoke in part as
follows:—
The vices of government are not acci
dental. It is not simply a question of good
men or bad men. It is not a question ot
promises made and not kept. There are
some promises which no party that stands
for the present economic system can pos
sibly keep. And these are just the prom
ises which affect the wickedness of the
system. At the bottom of all troubles ail
ing our society is the present profit sys
tem. which is the result of a long develop
ment. And the crowning glory of this
profit system is the trust.
The introduction of steam, electricity and
of grand machinery has brought about a
change in our entire mode of production.
Formerly our production was individual
and the individual also enjoyed the fruits
of his labor. And not only our owner
ship, but also our laws and our constitu
tion are based upon this individual meth
od of production. But the method of pro
duction has changed.
The yarn, the cloth, the metal articles
which now come out of the factory, are
the joint production of many people,
through whose bands they had to go suc
cessively before being ready. No single [ar
son can say of them: “This I have made,
this is my work.” And in spite of this,
these social tools and social produets are
treated in the same way as they were at
the time when the tool was an individu
al tool and when the product was created
by the individual. So the present new
mode of production remains subject to the
old form of appropriation; although the
new form of production does away, with
the very conditions on which the old form
was based.
In trines of old the owner of the simple
tool appropriated, or took for his own
use. his own product, while now—and it
is important to fully grasp this fact—the
owner of the too! (of the machine) ap
propriates the work of others. He appro
priates this without a jury and without a
verdict. And so we see plainly that the
private ownership of the means of pro
duction. which was formerly the means of
securing the product of the producer, has
now become the means of exploitation—and
consequently of servitude.
The development of the tool into the ma
chine separates the workman from his
product. In this way a comparatively
small number of capitalists obtain a monop
oly of the means of production. The work
ingmen, under present conditions, cannot
employ themselves, but are dependent on
the will and convenience of some owner of
tools and materials. And not for love, nor
for Christian charity does the owner of
the tools and materials give the laborers
employment. He does so to invest capital
and to make a profit.
And the workingman's labor has be
come a mere ware in the market, and as
such his labor (that is himself) is subject
to the same conditions of supply and de
mand. And he and his labor are now sub
ject also to competition. The workiug
uian s lajior. or rather his time, that is,
bis life, is bought now in the open market
by the highest bidder, on one hand, from
the lowest giver, on the other. And the
capitalist or employer cares to buy the
laborers time only when lie is young,
strong ami healthy. When lie is sick, or
when be gets old, the employer has no use
for him.
•^nd because of this we see that our so
called free worker is actually worse off
than the blacks were under slavery be
fore the war. The black was "property”
and represented about Slum of value
which his master owned. Therefore the
innster took care of him. mid was anx
ious to have him in good condition ns long
ns possible. It is of course different with
Jbe white slaves. They lire free to starve!
There is usually no capital lost by their
being starved.
Have to Accept Terms.
And with a system like this it is only
natur.il that the rich should become richer
mi<l the |K>or poorer. Free competition im
poses no restraint upon the powerful,
I bey arc nt liberty to exploit the poor
workman to their heart's content.
And another thing. The strength on
the capitalist aide is no gri«at and the ra
parity f.n* resistance on the side of the
workman is so insignificant, that there is
f actually uo freedom of contract. The
monopoly of the tools lias maue the em
ployers a class of autocrats and the la
tKirers a class of dependents—of hire
iUUs. Iho laborer is simply a hired ap-
। pondage to the mat bine. The machine
has come to be the main thing, the costly
thing.
rhe lining .appendage, the laborer, can
be gotten without much trouble or cost.
.\owadays if an owner nf tools does not
want to lot a wnrkimnnan work the lat
ter has no means of subsistence unless
he finds, some other “lord of production”
who will permit him to produce some
'king. And so ibis system now creates the
dependence of the thousands upon the f<*w.
The wage workers are by no means the
•mly sufferers. The small employers, rhe
small merchants, are also feeling the sting
<‘f an unequal competition. For every
“no of these men of business lives at war
i with all his brethren. The hand of tho
i one is aeninst the other, and no foe is
I more terrible to him than the one who is
I running a neck-to-neck race with him every
I day.
Therefore, in tho factory as well as in
i the store the profits must io cut constanr
■ h and the sales must be ever enlarged.
The latest improvements, the best labor
-1 saving machinery, mast le use J and as
I little waces most he on id ns possible. The
। race is for life or death, ami “the devil
. ^pt< the hindormost.” The fierce com
petition lessens the profit on each article.
; and this must he compensated for by a
greater number of them being produced
and sold, that is. the cheaper the totals 1
the more capital is required to carry on
tho business.
Precisely then, for ibo same reason that .
the m<H*banic with his own shop and work- |
ins <»n his own account has nearly dis- :
approved in the strnrele between band ;
work and machine work for precisely the
‘samp reason the small manufacturers with ;
Ihrh- little maehinerv. their small capital |
and their little sto-k of goods, are now ,
’being driven from tho field.
Xo Lhance for Private Ownership.
Now. we seo that ihe purely individual
isti«* and nnsoi-ial theory of pri\at»* own
ership of “property*' which owr competi
tive wago system Ims made tbo founda
tion of society- has resulted hi practically .
abolishing the possibility ol private owner- |
ship for the groat majority of the people. I
Oue-tenth of our pipu'aiiou already <
owns nine-tenths of (ho wealth. The ecu ‘
tralization of the control of property is
increasing with a rapidity tlrnt threatens
the integrity of rhe nation. The average
of wages, the certainty of cihpioyment.
the social privilege and indepemleuee of
the wage-earning and agricultural popula
tion. when compared with die increase of
the wealth and social production are stead
ily and rapidly decreasing. And the very
wor<t of the social temptations is that
wealth has become the greatest and the
only social power. Al! human worth is
even expressed in terms of wealth.
And in fact in this compoiith c system,
whore private "properly" is the life blood
of the social system, wealth does consti
tute the so-enfied "worth" of a man or
woman. Our most honored ami powerful
members of society to-day are the para
sites, who produce nothing and yet con
sume production. This idea insensibly
pervades our schools, our school books,
even tho methods of teaching. Just ob
serve what an e|veedingly large propor
tion of time there is given to the study
of arithmetic! And to what kind of arith
metic! I’ercentage. profit, banking! Al
though mu one child in Wjmo is going to
bo a hanker--thank tlm gods! Still they
all must learn such things.
W«*alth is the God.
Wealth, usually expressed by money, is
the god now. It is by the distribution of
parr of this wealth that the rich man
gets his dangerous powers. It is the mo
nopoly of that which all want that makes
this iM)wer so fatal. He writes his cheek
and he gets all the good or bad things his
hyart desires. He gets adulation, profes
sional skill, wine or women, paragraphs
in the newspapers or the disposal of po
litical places.
Now, workingmen, think these matters
over well. Things cannot go on like this
indefinitely. W|iit^ jq^p wjjl not always
stand it. We are Ilv our present circum
stances and conspqubnces creating a racq
of "white people" in our midst, compared
with which the \andals of the fourth cen
tury were a humane nation.
Within a short time we shail have two
nations in this country, both of native
growth. One will lie very large in num
ber. semi civilized, half-starved and degen
erated through misery; the other will be
small in number, overfed, overcivilized and
also degenerated, through luxury. What
will be the outcome? Some day there will
be a volcanic eruption. The millions of
lean and hungry will turn against the fat
and satiated. A fearful retributioq will
bp pnacto<l on tho capitalistic class as a
class-the innocent will suffer with the
guilty.
Such a revolution would throw humanity
back into semi barbarism and cause even
temporary retrogression of civilization, if
we do not take warning from history.
Only One Wny of Escape,
There is only one way of escape. Since
monopoly is the inevitable outiome of the
present system, let the public as a whole
be the monopolist. Sime competition in
variably ends in a trust, let the nation col
lei tively own the trusts.
And this is socialism. Thus it is ridicu
lous to claim that the socialists want to
destroy society—that they want to pull
down civilization. Just the opposite is
true. We want to build up society, ami
raise civilization to a point hitherto un
known in history.
A TALK WITH VICTOR L. BERGER.
Representa n ConatltnencF of soo,ooo
—Him Hope* for Le^ialalioh — The
McNamara Sweat — Withdrawal of
rroops From Mexican Border.
Victor L. Berger is an interesting man
to talk to. He bears a distinction of
whb’h he is justly proud: he is the only
socialist in < ongreßS and is the only so
••iali^ ever elected to the nation's legis
lative body. Most congressmen represent
a constituency of some 25,000 or 30,000,
or so: \ ictor Borger represents a constit
uency of some NOOJUUh At least that’s
the way bo chooses to put it. because he
is the onl.x socialist congressman, ami
there aic about that number of socialist
votes in the country. Congressman Ber
ger's |K>liri<al constituency is confined to
a part of tin < iiy of Milwaukee. Wis.. but
the socialists of the whole United States
look Io him to eurry out their ideqs in
Washington. After talking to him a few
minutes one is convinced that the Mil
waukee congressman is trying to do just
what ho was sent to Washington for.
Mr Berger has been in Congress four
weeks. He said Tues<lay afternoon that
he wasn't going to try to abolish the cap
italistic system this session of Congress,
but he was going to make a beginning.
So far ho has introduced four bills, one
for ea< h wonk, lie says he doesn't exfiect
all of I hem will become laws this special
session, bin that the chief thing is to start
the ball rolling, “and I can assure you.” I
said the amiable German as he paced the
floor of his room, ‘'they will never stop
it.” "Later op,” said he, "I will have an
old-age pension hill to care for the work*
ingman. ami I may take a shot at Lor
imer before 1 get through.”
The Milwaukee congressman said he
look* J upon socialism nut as a theory but,
rather the name of an epoch of civiliza
tion. "Socialism will follow capitalism.” !
>aid he. "just as the iudustrial syat<*m I
of slaverj followed femlajism. If I can
I shall stand for peaceful revolution. I
want the system of capitalism to grow
into the socialist system.” Then Mr
Rvrj^r went op to tell nbont his four
bills. First was the resolution to ask
the president to remove the American
troops from the Mexican border or give
Congress an <xplanation as to why they
are I here. Mr Berber says the presenee
of the troops there helps President Diaz,
whom he mil# a bloody tyrant, worse
than the ezar.of Russia. There is $1.500.-
O(MMNN) of American capital in Mexico,
savs Mr Uurger, and Diaz shares the
i plunder with the Americans who control
this capital. "I bold we have no more
right to interfere in Mexico.” said Mr
Berger, "than any pow er of the world had
to interfere with us 120 years ago when
we were •insurrectos'.”
Congressman Berger's second bill pro
vides for the calling of a constitutional con
vention to frame a new constitution. The
present constitution is all worn out. said
he. It served the purpose when it was
drawn, but we had no railroads, telephones
or trusts then. The wisest men couldn't
foresee what wo have come to now. A
constitution is a cloak for a political body ,
said Mr Berger, ami this country is still
wearing its swaddling clothes. Mr BergiT
explained that his third bill provides for
an investigation into the kidnaping of the
Ab-N'amara brothers in the Lon Ang<4os
dynamiting cases. "I don't know whether
these fellows are guilty of tl»<» dynamiting
or not." said Mr Berger. "If they nrc I
want them punished to the full extent of
the law. and if they are innocent they
ought to Im* freed, but they were kidnaped
fioni Indianapolis and hustled over into
California, and this should be looked into."
Mr Berger’s fourth bill favors the aboli
tion of (he United States Senate and substi
tuting for it the referendum. 'Hie Senate,
said AL Birger, represents the wealth of
the individual states; it's a millionaires’
’•lub. imitating the English House of Lords.
We copied the House of Lords when we
originated the Senate, said he, and now, if
England does away with its upper legisla
tive body, we ought to continue to imitate
her. You say its a check Io party legisla
tion, said Mr Berger. Well, most of the
bad legislation is originated in tho Senate.
As a check, the reb rendum is more to be
desired My bill, said be. provides that with
in DO days of the date of passage of any
bill in Congress. 5 per cent of the votes of
three-fourths of the states can cause the bill
to bo submitted to referendum. Then if the
people want it. they can say so and it may
become law : if they don't want it, it
• doesn't.
INEQUALITIES IN TAXATION.
GOVEHXOH GETTING HETOKIS
SiiimiiiH Wonk Poiiitw in the SyMcm
—Lar»e ( lasses Escape Personal
Properij J'axation.
The governor's secretary. Dudley M. Hol
man. gave out the following statement Sat
urday night: "Gov Foss has received this
week from the tax commissioner's depart
ment two reports upon tho present method
of enforcing our tax laws by the local as
sessors. These reports show that the com
mon impression that our tax laws are
seldom strictly enforced and in many cases
are largely unenforced has the best ot
foundation. So far as it concerns real es
tate. it appears that while this class of
property is usually. undervalued, the as
sessments are usually higher in the cities
than in the country districts, so that the
apportionment of the state tax is, and long
has been, grossly unfair. Upon this sub
ject the tax commissioner has submitted
elaborate statistics which prove beyond
possible doubt the unfairness of the pres
ent apportionment. It further appears that
in the country towns farm properties are
overvalued as compared with property lo
cated in the villages, so that the burden
of real estate taxation would seem to rest
with undue weight upon the- cities and
upon the farm nroperties of the common
wealth. In the larger cities it further ap
pears that in the business districts assess
nients are relatively lower than in outly
ing districts, where the majority’ of the
people live.
"In the taxation of intangible property,
it appears that machinery and merchan
dise are often undervalued, and that there
is the greatest inequality in the taxation
”1 this class of property, livestock, on
the other hand, appears to be more fully
assessed than merchandise, although here
a train the assessments are very unequal.
Household goods largely escape taxation.
Concerning what is called intangible prop?
erty. it appears that assessment is usually
by estimate of the assessors, or what is
called ‘dooming,’ and that very few sworn
returns are actually received as the law
contemplates. Property in the hands of
executors, administrators and trustees is
mom fully assessed than other classes of
investment. and in recent years state su
pervision has brought an increasing amount
•f this class of property on to the tax
list, at least temporarily. It has also oc
casioned numerous removals of taxpayers
from one town to another, and in a few
rases from the commonwealth. In Boston
it appears that the property of bankers
and brokers is very inadequately taxed.
"Upon the whole, the tax commissioner
estimate that: ’The great bulk of in
tangibles subject to taxation escape. In
1907 I estimated that, about 10 per cent
of such property was taxed in Massachu
setts,’ ami he significantly adds: ‘The
means of discovery of such property are
few.—the avenues of escape are many.’
"Gov Foss considers that this report
amply justified the investigation that he
started three weeks ago. If the state of
ficials charged with the enforcement of
the law testify that under our present
statutes evasion of taxation is practically
universal throughout the commonwealth,
end not confined to any class of property,
it would seem to be the duty of both the
governor and the Legislature tn give the
matter immediate attention: nor is the
evasion of the law confined to the tax
payers. for the tax commissioner reports
that the local assessors'dn many cases wil
fully umlervalue real estate in order to
reduce their locality’s share of the state
or county taxes.
“Gov Foss’s attention has also been
called to the recent statement of the
city collector of Boston, which shows that
there are 100.000 tax dodgers in Boston
who annually evade the payment of a poll
tax. Ho considers that a fact to he de
plored. but hardly sees what else can he
expected when the payers of the poll tax
know that the well-to-do are evading 90
per cent of the taxes lawfully due upon
their intangible investments. Tie believes,
too. that if some means can be devised
for collecting the taxes on personal prop
erty the problem of collecting poll taxes
would bo readily solved."
ON THE COLLEGE DIAMONDS.
Bennlt* of the f*a«t Weeks* Games.
At Cambridge, Harvard 12. Bates 1.
At Hanover. N. H., Dartmouth 5, Lafay
ette 0.
At Philadelphia, Pa., Pennsylvania 10, Vir
ginia o.
At Amherst. Holy Cross 5, Amherst 3.
At New Ha vert, Ct., Yale 7, Fordham 2.
At Medford, Brown 3, Tufts 2.
At Hanover, N. H., Bowduin 9, Dart
mouth 4.
At Middletown, Ct., Wesleyan 26, Connectl*
rut Aggies 2.
At Prim'd on, N. J.. Princeton 4, West Vin
ginin 1.
At Ahdovcr, Andover 6. Boston college 4.
At Exeter. N. lE, Exeter 8, New Hamp
shire State 7.
At PhlhdelphlH, Pa.. Pennsylvania 8, Co
lumbhi 1.
At Springfield, Training School 6. Worcer
ter “Toch’ 4.
At Annapolis. Md . Navy 1. St John s 0.
At West Point. N. Y., Norwich 3, West
Point 3 <l2 innings).
At Emmlttsburg, Md , Mount St Mary’s 14,
Hamilton 1.
At Cambridge, Harvard 3. Maine 4.
At Worcester. Holy Cross 12. Colby 8.
At New York. Cornel! 8, Columbia 3.
At Andover. Andover 4. Yale freshmen 3.
HOW THE LEAGUES STAND.
Counrrtlcut League Slnndlnff.
CLUBS. w. L. r.C. <l,l US. W. 1.. p.C.
'ow Haven, 7 3 .I’M), Hnlyrke, 4 6 .400
Hertford. 7 3 .70) Waterbury, 4 6 .Oo
Bridgeport, G 4 .WIN. Britain. 4 6 .400
Northamp’n, 15 5 .30T Springfield. I 7 ,3u)
National League standing.
narns. w. l. p.c. i clubs. w. l. r.c.
phlhi.. 13 3 .81 icinrlnmiti, 4 G ,4UO
Nev. York, 9 3 .613 Si Louis. 3 7 ,30u
Pittsburg, 8 3 .616 Bost.m. 3 12 .294
Chicago. 9<l .ON) Brooklyn, 411 .267
American Lcnvuc Mnndlntf.
CLUBS. W. L P.C.| CLUBS. W. L. P.C.
Detroit. 13 2 .NM2 Boston, 7 K .46?
New York. 8 3 .«U> Phil l . 6 s .429
< hicngo. 7 7 .5‘W) (')o eland, 611 .333
Washingt'o, 7 7 Louis, 412 .280
UNDER THE GILDED LOME.
SPRINGFIELD HOTELS SCORE.
Bcporl by <b<* Liquor Laxv Committee
ott tlie Petition—ViianiinouM for the
l,eal»latlxe Salary Bill — Inion
Fines and Peaceful Perauamion —
Ktaxht Hout's—Adverse Railway Be
port. Etc.
Thanks to the eminent respectability of
NpringtieM, the committee on the liquor
law lias leported without dissent a bill to
permit tlie sale of liquor by hotels in the
city to bona fide guests up to midnight.
Oue member reserves the right to dissent.
Tlie unauimity of the committee, says one
of its members, is due to the exceptionally
high moral chai'acter of the hotelkeepers
and of the petitioners. It is true that the
committee did not put into tlie bill a rc
iptiremetit that each person xvho drinks
liquor up to midnight shall give a written
surety with bonds that he will never drink
to excess, but it is explained that the
emission was due to the full confidence of
the committee in the character of all the
guests of the hotels which may re
ceive licenses that none of them will drink
enough to affect his mental or physical
operations. It is further noted that none
of the temperance workers front Spring
field appeared in opposition to the peti
tion. winch is regarded by the committee
as an indorsement by the temperance peo
ple of the high moral character of Spring
field's hotels and guests. It is further said
that tlie Springfield license commission
is "tie <if the very best in the state,—that
and the commission of Worcester being
bracketed together as tlie best in the state.
Therefore, no licenses wi|l over be issued
to improper hotels. The precedent estab
lished in etisc of Boston is that there be
one stteh privilege for every 2t).<MX> people.
If that be Ihe pro|iortion in Springfield,
there will be five such licenses.
ti'onstituents will note that the House was
silent and unanimous Tuesday for the bill to
raise the salary of senators and repre
sentatives to SUM)II each, beginning next
year. The Honse. without a word on either
measure, voted in favor of the unimts
fines bill trad the peaceful persuasion bill.
The House was practically unanimous
for the bill to tax savings deposits in na
tional banks, the same as savings depos
its in trust companies.
The committee on street railways has
voted to report reference to the next I.eg
islature on tho petition of Enos W. Boise
.-uni others for a new street railway route
for western Hampden trad southern Berk
shire towns. This report is made because
the larger proposition to consolidate the
Berkshire street railway company with the
Springfield was refused admission and bad
to go over to next year.
One message came to tlie Legislature
from the goyernof Monday. It was to the
Senate, and xvas theu sent by the Senate
to the House, where the debate on bien
nial state elections, to whieli the message
referred, was in progress. The message
advises the Legislature to join together
the initiative, the referendum, the recall
and biennial elections. In the debate. Mr
Bothfeld of Newton put in an amendment
to include biennial legislative sessions.
Tlie effect of the message xvas tn send the
whole matter back to the committee on
constitutional amendments for further
hearing.
The House has given a majority in
favor of a bill for securing expressions of
tin- peopli on matters of public policy.
Tlie House adopted without opposition
Monday the order for asking the opinion
of the supreme court on the constitutional
ity of a general personal property tax all
over the state.
It was not a long or a strong debate in
the House Friday over the eight-hour bill
for public employes. The principles and
the facts had been presented, so fully in
the previous years and the points were so
well known that there was no desire for a
long debate. Mr Underhill of Somerville
tried to attach a general referendum to the
popular vote at the next state election,
but this was voted down by 87 yeas to
123 nays. When the roll was called on
passing the bill to be. engrossed there were
140 yeas to 61 Hays. It is to be expected
that the Senate will also jpass the bill and
send it to the governor.
Gov Foss sent to the House Friday a mes
sage containing the result of the expert in
vestigation of theruilroad commission.point
ing out certain respects wherein he does
not think that the commission is sufficient
ly strict in overseeing the issue of new
stock. He recommends the creation of a
public utilities board and the payment of
the expenses of the commission directly
from the public treasury, without any con
tributions by the railroad companies.
Albert P. Langtry sent to the House
Thursday his resignation as a member
from Springfield. It was in as few words
as possible and was immediately accepted
without fuss or delay. At tlie afternoon
session the branches adopted a concurrent
order that Mr Langtry be notified of Ids
election, and another order notifying tlie
governor and council of the election. The
question now comes whether there will be
another election. It has been the practice
for the House or tlie Senate to be gov
erned by the desires of the district. If
the vacancy is near rhe beginning of tlie
term, then it is usually filled, as was the
case When Senator Malley was elected in
place of Senator Walsh from Springfield.
If the vacancy occurs so near the end of
Ihe session that the people do not care
to incur the expense of an election, they
let the seat remain vacant. Mr Langtry
was sworn in as secretary of the common
wealth Thursday afternoon.
The House gave a large majority for the
invitation to the Grand Trunk railroad
to extend its tracks to Boston.
A large minority of the House Thurs
day supported the amazing proposition
that they were at liberty to violate
the mandatory provision of the con
stitution that a constitutional amend
ment shall bo submitted to the peo
ple after it has passed the necessary
legislative stages. Not only were there ar
guments against the voting machine amend,
mont to the constitution, as if they had the
right to debate the question on its merits,
but they actually defeated by 61 to 75 on
a rising vote the resolves to submit the
amendment to the people and it was only by
a roll-call of 119 yeas to 97 nays that the
measure passed, when a regard for the
members' oath to support the constitu
tion would seem to prohibit a single ad
verse vote. Besides the arguments for the
amendment. Mr Bastion of Pittsfield put
in a good work for it in the corridor.
A bill providing a trial by jury in eases of
contempt of court became a law last week
with the approval of Gov Foss. The bill,
which was advocated by labor leaders,
was introduced in the Legislature by Sen
ator Roger Sherman Hoar of Concord.
The governor sent a message to the
Legislature last week with the report of his
expert on the expenses of running the
state-house, with his recommendations, in
cluding one for the appointment of an
expert manager, who lie believed would
save $45,(100 the first year.
M ithout debate the Senate has voted in
favor of the House bill for an eight-hour
day for public employes.
THE CONNECTICUT LEGISLATURE.
w— 11— , I i ■
Senate Vote* Airninnt Compulsory
Vucclnntlon —. Macdonald to Con
tlunc on IllKhway (onimiMloncr.
From Our special Reporter.
Hartford, <’t„ Tuesday, May 2.
“ft seems to me Ilie situation looks very
promising and I’m only too glad to grant
the request that thia matter be made the
order of the day for Thursday at 12, M said
Senator Judsun, the republican leader of
the Senate, this morning, .after that body
bail once voted by 17 to 16 to reject the
unfavorable report of Ihe cbmurtttee on
public health and safety oil the measure
'vhieh repeals the present compulsory vac
cimition law applying to school children.
He had voted against the report and Sena
tors Spellncy and ^vc>y, who bad voted for
it, changed their vote, so that the final vote
in favor of doing away with compulsory
vaccination stood 16 to 14, and on a roli
call.
1 lie committee on woman suffrage will,
it was learned to-day, report to the
Genera) Assembly a bill drawn on the
lines suggested in Gov Baldwin's in
augural message, giving women holding
property, franchise rights.
Gov Baldwin's last chance to nominate
ti highway commissioner to succeed Com
missioner Macdonald is gone, and the Sen
ate has refused to permit him to replace
the present commissioner. Thursday he
sent a letter stating liis position in the mut
ter and tippointiug Alfred Howe Terry
of New Haven, a civil engineer, to this
position, but the Semite promptly held an
executive session and turned Mr Terry
down, and the governor did not make an
other appointment. It is doubtful if the
Senate would have waited had it been in
formed that he wislied to. He did not,
a nyway.
State regulation over aviation and requir
ing registration with the secretary of state
of all manner of vehicles used for making
aerial flights is provided for in a bill re
ported by the judiciary committee. There
arc penal provisions for the violation of
this act and a general scheme of operators’
licenses and of supervision of the sport.
The bill follows closely that drawn up by
A. Holland Forbes, the aeronaut, aud which
lias been sanctioned by recognized aerial
clubs.
CARNEGIE HERO AWARDS.
Two Alassnehusetts Cases Among
Those Recognized.
Thirty -five awards in recognition of acts
of heroism were made at Pittsburg Mon
day at the spring meeting of the Car
negie hero fund commission, and the issu
ance of nine silver and 26 bronze medals
were authorized. In addition, the money
accompanying the medals amounts to $34,-
100 and pensions to widows of heroes to
tal sl3lO annually. Of the large amounts,
SIOOO is given to George K. Muir of
Grand Rapids. Wis., who was awarded a
bronze medal last January. Muir is now
suffering from tuberculosis at Wales,
M is., and the commission makes the money
uxvard to cure for him. Tho money is ap
portioned as follows: S6OOO for worthy
purposes. $2200, liquidation of mortgages,
$3700 for other indebtedness. S4OOO. pur
chases of homes. $14,000 for education.
$3200. death benefits, and SIOOO for re
storation of health.
In nine instances the heroes lost thek
lives and tlie;award is made to a member
of the family. Twenty of the awards ars
for rescues from drowning. Since the in
ception of the hero commission 4991 cases
have been refused recognition. 487 have
been granted and 893 cases are still pend
ing. Yesterday's awards include: Nora
V. Dnnlea, 14 (died), assisted in. saving
from drowning Louise Griffin, Catherine
Ford and Mary Daugherty at West
Gloucester, August .6. 1910: silver ined.il
to mother and SIOOO as needed. David
M helan. Jr.. 23 (died), rescued AVilliam
F. Thompson from runaway fire engine in
Boston. Januury 17. 1910; silver medal
and SIOOO to father.
JOSIE PICROSKI GIVEN A MEDAL.
Heroism of Girl Who Rescued Two
Children From Drowning in Feb
ruary Recognized by Humane So
ciety.
Josie Pieroski, the 12-years-dld Polish
girl who saved tlie lives of two Polish
children who had fallen into the Chicopee
river, received a silver medal and button
from the Massachusetts humane society
Tuesday in recognition of her services.
The act for whieli Miss Pieroski was re
warded was one of tho most heroic rescues
over attempted in Chicopee or perhaps in
this vicinity. On the evening of February
27 while little Josie was in one of the
upper rooms in her home in Maiden lane
changing her stockings after reaching home
after a long tramp through the snow from
school, she saw three young girls cross the
ice at the bend of the Chicopee river di
rectly in front, of her home. Tho girls
after walking a short distance came to a
spot of thin ice, which gave way, submerg
ing the entire party. On seeing the ac
cident Miss Pieroski ran from the housq
and practically barefooted rushed to the
rescue of the girls. Her collie dog accom
panied her. When she reached the place
where the girls were floundering in the
water, she immediately pulled one to a
place where the ice was thick enough to
bear her weight and proceeded to rescue
the second of the three, in the meantime
sending her dog to. the assistance of the
third. She managed to rescue the second
girl of the party, but tho third one was
beyond her reach and was drowned.
The dog, however, had responded well,
and brought the drowned girl, May Zu
bornu. to the edge of the ice. from where
she was taken to the shore. Several citi
zens learned of Josie’s heoric rescue and
took up the matter of securing a medal
for her. Among those most interested
were Marshal Barnes and Mayor
Fletcher. Miss Pieroski received the
medal and also a letter of commendation
from the Massachusetts humane society
yesterday. The silver medal is extremely
beautiful, being about the size of a silver
dollar. On the one side is the seal of
the state of Massachusetts, and on the
reverse side is engraved the following:
"To Josie Pieroski for bravery in sav
ing life, Chicopee, February 27. 1911.”
On the button which accompanied the
medal and which is only presented by the
society to any person receiving a medal
from them, is the seal of the society,
which in bas-relief represents the biblical
scene of Pharaoh’s daughter finding the
child Moses. Encircling the scene, are
the words from Exodns xi:10: “I drew
him out of the water.” On the reverse
side of the button are the words, "I.
Pieroski.. February 27. 1911.” Mist
Pieroski's heroic rescue of the two girls
Jias also been brought to the attention
of the Carnegie hero commission and it is
expected that that body will consider tho
mutter before tlie next awards are made.
HYDE PLEADS NOT GUILTY.
Answers to Bribery Charite—.Will Rr
wißn am New York City Chamber-
Inin.
Charles Hiram Hyde, the New York city
chamberlain, appeared in court at New
York Monday afternoon and pleaded not
guilty to an indictment charging bribery.
The offense changed is punishable by im
prisonment for not more than 10 years,
or a fine of not more than $5060. or’both.
Bail was set for $75tK» and given.
Charles H. Hyde will resign as city
chamberlain of New York at once. Un
der indictment and under the fire of prac
tically every newspaper in New York, he
announced Tuesday night at New York that,
although he is the victim of "one of the
most wicked conspiracies in the history
of the city,” he will relinquish his posi
tion as custodian of the city’s millions in
order not to embarrass the Gaynor ad
ministration. He lias been the mayor's
protege for yours.
A Chicago man was arrested on the
• barge of stealing $2500 worth of dia
monds from n woman. The only evidertee
against the accused was a dream which
a inn ft friend of the woman had. and in
which it appeared that the jewels were
taken by this particular man. The evi
dence was held insufficient to convict.