Springfield weekly Republican. [volume], June 18, 1914, Page 8, Image 8

About Springfield weekly Republican. [volume] (Springfield, Mass.) 1851-1946

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SPRINGFIELD. THURSDAY JUNE IS, 1914
SIXTEEN PAGES.
When the Donkey Gets Loose.
The adequacy of the civil-service rules
of the nation and the states to yield fit
men for all kinds of public service has
been amply demonstrated by trial. This
business-like method of filling offices not
only advantages the publie service, but it
is a welcome relief to the appointing
power and to those who would influence
it. These facts are a commonplace of
American experience, and those who would
escape the operation of the civil-service
rules are always open to the suspicion of
being animated by selfish partisan pur
poses. It is the worst kind of politics for
the democrats—very much under popular
suspicion—to create exemptions from the
operation of the civil-service regulations
of the government.
These remarks apply to the action of the
Senate of the United States in deciding
by vote of 27 to 24—with 44 senators not
voting—to retain in the legislative and ju
dicial hill the words “without examina
'tion under civil-service rules,” referring
to the appointment of “commercial at
"tacbes,” a new clast of officials to be
sent abroad by the department of com
merce. whose head is William C. Redfield.
The democrats in Congress have shown
such a disposition to create openings in
the federal service as is not to the credit
of their’ party. We have repeatedly seen
the same old spectacle of excuses ad
vanced for keeping out of the merit sys
tem some particular kind of offices, and
the performance win not fool the people
or command their respect, but the con
trary.
Senator Martin of Virginia and others
argued that better men could he secured
for this particular service without exam
ination than with it. When it came to the
show-down five democrats stood with the
minority against the exemption, but not
enough to save their party from the dis
credit involved. As always upon an oc
casion of this sort, there was appeal in
behalf of “practical men” against the tyr
anny of the civil-eerviee theorists—a line
of talk which experience long ago put
out of court. Nobody is deceived, and it is
this kind of political buncombe, always
put forward so that politicians may get
joba. that exaaperates the intelligent cit
izenship of the country. A spectacle of
the kind which the United States Senate
afforded on Saturday gives new emphasis
to the difficulties under which President
Wilson labors in attempting to make the
democratic party an effective instrument
for governing this country.
Itwly at Ike Panama Exposition.
An excellent suggestion for the world’s
fair is made by L’Araldo Italiano of New
York. Let the Italian government pro
vide for an exhibit of the relations of
Italy to the new world, housing it in a
structure to be bnllt and decorated by
the beat Italian artists in the United
States. If feasible this is a thing well
worth doing- It is said, by those who
should know, that there is' much artistic
talent scattered through the Italian col
onies, which has found no opportunity.
One ease of strong native gift which did
find opportunity and encouragement and
gives promise of achievement is known
in this city, and such cases will multiply
as this versatile and gifted race finds a
greater variety of work to do. Not long
ago a sculptor said to have real talent
was seen working with a shovel. He had
no English, and no faculty for cultivating
useful acquaintances, and a sculptor with
out money, connections, or commissive
is helpless No doubt many others who
are capable of achievement are spending
their strength on tasks far below their
ability, which is a great waste of valuable
gifts. It is worth recalling, too, that the
Tale art school has just awarded the Weir
scholarship tq a youbg Italian architect
of New Haven, and that another Italian
from the same city would have carried
off another scholarship if he had not been
disqualified by winning it laat year.
How much available talent of different
sorts is thus scattered through the Italian
colonies can only be guessed at in the
absence of organisation. but it must be
considerable) and it would be a worthy
undertaking to bring it together and set
it to work, on a small or large scale ac
cording to the disposable means. Economic
conditions have brought the Italians to
this country mainly as wage-earners
Comparatively few business men have
come, though a business class is evolving,
and the opening for professional men has
been limited. Thus the Italian colonies
are by no means a cross section of Italian
life, ano this circumstance has been a
serious handicap. Yet no settlement of
Italians couki fail to produce an interest
ing variety of talent, and why should not
the new world give fresh opportunities?
Italy is stifled by the very mass and
richness of the art its people have creat
ed ; the whole country is an art museum,
and making more pictures or statues is
like carrying fagots into the forest. But
America is still raw. bare, and rich, and
Italian genius should do its share toward
adorning it; the proposal of an exhibit at
San Francisco of the latent gifts of Ital
ian-Americans in this direction is worth
considering
The links between Italy and America
are many, and the Italian commissioner
in charge gave an assembly of his com
patriots in New York, just before bis re
turn to Italy, an interesting account of
what he had in mind, including an exhibit
relating to the discovery of America, with
records of the great explorer, Columbus,
who found the new world, Amerigo Ves
pucci. who gave it his name. Verrazzano,
whose priority in discovering the Hudson
is claimed, and Malaspino, who discovered
Alaska. The exhibit will represent, too,
the various achievements of Italy, in
thought, in science, in the wonderful new
revival of her national and economic life.
No country has a prouder record of
achievement to show, and it would be a
fine thing if its people in America could
make a handsome contribution to it. Italy
hesitated about exhibiting, not in the least
for lack of good will, but because of the
cost, a much more valid plea for a poor
country than for England or Germany-
But having accepted the invitation no
pains will be spared to make the display
attractive, and the large and flourishing
Italian colony in California will give strong
local support.
“Near-Beer.”
A bill is now before the Louisiana
Legislature to prohibit the sale in “dry”
parishes of the beverage known as “near
beer.” That is a drink known only where
prohibition obtains; it was expressly de
signed as a harmless substitute for real
beer. It ean contain as much froth and
as much bitterns* as is desired, and can
be colored to any shade which the fasti
dious eye may require, but it must not
contain over 2 per cent of alcohol.
Falling below that percentage, the su
preme court of Louisiana has ruled that
it is not an intoxicant. To meet this
difficulty the prohibitionists are pressing
this measure to forbid its sale. They do
not assert that it is intoxicating, but
they say that it has kept bad company;
that shops professing to sell only “near
‘beer” have been made a cover for a
“blind-tiger” dispensing spirits by stealth.
Thia charge can readily be believed; illicit
selling is an almost inevitable result of
prohibition, and it would be only natural
for those driven out of the saloon bus
iness to turn to "near-beer” as a lawful
substitute, the less scrupulous adding a
surreptitious whisky trade.
It would not be surprising then, if even
the more liberal of the prohibitionists felt
"near-beer” under existing conditions to
be an enemy, though the question must
at once arise whether the ease called
for further prohibition or for reform of the
existing conditions. But unfortunately a
great many prohibitionists are not liberal.
They conceive of alcohol not simply as an
agent of evil, but as an evil in itself.
The question of quantity or of the injury
done does not concern them. They are
quite sincere. Personally they would not
knowingly drink a drop of cider that had
“worked,’ or eat a mince pie which had
been flavored with a few drops of brandy,
or a pudding touched up with sherry or
rum.
So long as they hold tenaciously to that
principle they cannot be expeted to com
promise with any beverage known to con
tain even a trace of alcohol, even if it is
found to be nonintoxicating. But on the
other hand others who do not accept thi*
extreme view are not bound to wage war
on alcohol simply because it is alcohol,
and must rather consider the probable
effects of their action. It should not
escape notice that quite recently a distin
guished English civil servant. Sir H. H.
Johnstone, in writing of "The tyranny of
'alcohol” urged the value of substituting
milder for stronger drinks, and special
ly recommended what is practically the
“near-beer” on which prohibitionists are
making war. He is a cosmopolitan with
a knowledge of many lands, and his per
sonal idiosyncrasy which makes alcohol
even in small quantities impossible for him
gives special value to an experience which
has been largely colored by his difficulty in
finding anything to drink in countries
where alcohol prevailed.
This is a point of view worth consider
ing by those who are waging war against
the drink evil, but are not ready to say
that alcohol is an evil thing in itself
irrespective of the use made of it. They
might find it worth while to inquire
whether “near-beer,” so far from being a
menace might, not be turned to account in
the temperance movement, whether the
conditions under which it is sold might
b« so improved as to drive the "blind
•tiger” away. There is no use in being
grim and revengeful about prohibition; its
purpose in communities where the prohi
bitionilts predominate should be notto des
troy pleasure or punish the wicked people
who would like a drink, but simply to
prevent th* drink-evil. For every harm
ful pleasure that is taken away a harm
leas pleasure with interest ahouid be sub
stituted. Prohibition area may spread,
but the nation's drink bill goes up too;
to fight the evil prohibition la not enough.
Repression must be supplemented by di
version. and the value of diverting con
sumption from spirits to “near-beer” in
“dry” territory and to light wine* agd
light beer in communities not ready for
prohibition need* to be considered. It
cannot be expected that the hard drinker
can be satisfied with the thinnest of small
beer, but if a considerable number of
people, decent Or otherwise, who would
turn if necessary to the “blind tiger"
are content with nonintoxioating beer,
that would seem to be so much clear gain
to the temp*rance cause.
THE SPRINGFIELD WEEKLY REPUBLICAN: THURSDAY. JUNE 18, 1914.
WILSON SPEAKS OUT
FOR ANTITRUST BILLS
FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD
Possibility That Hamlin of Massachu
setts May Head It—Work of
House and Senate.
From Our Special Correspondent.
Washington. D. C., Monday. June 15.
President Wilson to-day spoke the word
expected of him about campaigning to stop
antitrust legislation in the Senate. It was
just as straight out as what he has said on
two or three other similar occasions during
the last 12 months when reactionaries
began to cry out against more legislation
as inimical to business. His statements
this morning to the newspaper cor
respondents have started the old guards
men into pronounced disclaimers. If any
body meant they were encouraging a cam
paign of opposition among business men,
that body was mistaken. Facts speak for
themselves and all that.
Nevertheless it has been apparent here
to those who keep their eyes open that
republicans have been aiding and abetting
the demand of business for “a rest ”
Certain business men have been writing
and telegraphing in the hope of prevent
ing the antitrust legislation, and re
publican congressmen have been raising
their voices about the cruel lack of con
sideration for the country in keeping Con
gress in session so long. The president
showed the form of letter said to have
been distributed by the Pictorial Review
of New York in drumming up protests
to senators against disturbing business
further. But interesting as that was, the
most emphatic thing the president said
in uis quiet way was that he expected
to urge the Senate to dispose of the anti
trust bills There is not and has not been
the slightest doubt on that score.
The judiciary committee of the Senate
held a meeting this morning to take up
the Clayton bill passed by the House. No
particular advance was made, the time
having been occupied with an exchange
of views about the language of opening
sections. No effort was made to outline
a program. But there is plenty of evi
dence that the Senate, grumbling over the
inconvenience of staying in Washington
much longer, is preparing to make the
antitrust bills ready.
President Wilson sent the long-awaited
nominations for the federal reserve board
to the Senate to-day. The name of
Charles S. Hamlin of Boston, now as
sistant secretary of the treasury, heads
the list for a two-year term. He may
be governor of the board. When E. C.
Simmons of St Louis deelined a place,
the president returned to New England
for a man. There is general satisfaction
here over the nomination of Mr Hamlin;
while he gets the shortest term of all
the five nominees, there is likely to be no
difficulty in his renomination. His term
will expire while Mr Wilson is stil] pres
ident. There was less comment in the
Senate over the names than might have
been expected, but nothing was said to
show that confirmation would be op
posed.
The Senate had an afternoon of appro
priation bills. It completed the legisla
tive, executive and judicial bill and then
made good progress with the diplomatic
and consular bill. There was little in the
discussion of either measure of general
interest. The House gave the day to the
unanimous consent calendar, but - made
very little headway. Representative
Mann, the minority leader, objected to
consideration of the bill, which provides
for the leasing of public lands containing
such minerals as oil. coal and phosphate.
Toward the dose of the afternoon, Rep
resentative Rainey of Illinois delivered a
eulogy on the late ex-Vice-President Ste
venson. To-morrow the House will resume
with appropriation bills.
TOLLS REPEAL BILL PASSES.
Triumph lor Wll*on—Stlrrln* Scene*
In Senate.
Repeal of Panama canal tolls exemption
for American coast wise shipping passed
the Senate in Washington Thursday
night by a vote of 50 to 35. The measure
was sent back to the House, "which ac
cepted the Simmons-Norris amendment,
specifically reserving all rights the United
States may have under the Hay-Paunce
fote treaty.
The passage of the bill after a bitter
struggle that has lasted several months,
was regarded last week as another vic
tory for President Wilson. Although 13
republicans came to tue aid of the 37
democrats who voted for the bill on final
passage, the president initiated the aove
ment in his party for repeal, and it was
behind him that many of the democrats
who voted "aye” lined up on the last
test.
Senator Lxidge of Massachusetts was one
of the republicans who spoke in favor of
the bill. When the voting came, however,
he was in Massachusetts and unable to
vote, but he was paired in favor of th*
measure with Senator Gallinger of New
Hampshire.
Eleven democrats led by Senator O’Gor
man fought consistently to the end, and
even an hour before the last vote was
taken they did not abandon their effort*
to amend the bill to meet their view* of
the manner in which American rights
in the canal and American right* to ex
empt coastwise shipping from toll payment
should be guarded. Although vote after
vote on all sorts of amendments were
passed over by majorities that never fell
below 12 and on one occasion went as
high as 55, the minority democrats kept
up the fight to the end.
Th* amendment as adopted read* as fol
low*
Provided that the passage of the act shall
not be construed or held as a waiver or re
llnqiriehment of any right th* Unlt*d State*
may have under the treaty with Great
Britain, ratified the 21*t of February. 1902.
or the troatv with the republic of Panama,
ratified February 26. 1904, or otherwise to
discriminate in favor of it* vessels by ex
empting the vessels of the United States
or Its citizens from the payment of tolls tor
passage through said canal or as In any way
waiving, impairing or affecting any right of
the United States under said treaty or other
wise with the respect to the sovereignty
over or the ownership, control, and manage
ment of said canal and th* regulation of the
conditions or charges of traffic through th*
same. __________
HOUSE ACTION ON THE BILL.
Un American Surrender Repent* Un
derwood.
From Our Special Correspondent.
Washington, D. C., Friday, Jun* 12.
This has been decidedly a day of fruition
for president Wilson- After throe months
abd more of waiting, th* canal toll* ex
emption repeal bill ha* reached the stage
where routine formalities and a few
strokes of the presidential pen will make
ft law. For the House this afternoon,
after a debate, which some thought was
acrimonious and others thought was not,
accepted the bill with its Senate amend
ment. The vote was very decisive, 216 to
71. and on about the same lines as when
the House went on record regarding the
original measure. Gillett and Gardner of
Massachusetts responded “aye." but
Treadway and Greene, among Bay state
republicans, joined .be negative column.
Peters and Tbacher stood by the admin
istration.
Republicans tried to mak- as much
trouble in a political way as they could,
notwithstanding the fact that many of
their party were for the amended measure.
A provision by Representative Moss, a
West Virginia republican, was presented a»
a substitute for the Senate amendment. It
specifically declared the right of the Unit
ed States to exempt tolls for coastwise ves
sels and declared that "absolute sovereign
ty" was specifically and positively affirmed.
This was what Representative Kent of Cal
ifornia styled "Fourth of July flubdub.” Its
adoption would have involved numerous
complications of which the average con
gressman probably did not dream, but it
was voted down. The Senate amendment,
declaring that no rights are surrendered, is
of course a very different thing. Speaker
Clark wgs away, but Majority Leader Un
derwood reiterated his opinion that it was
an "un-American surrender.”
President Slam* Tolls Repeal.
President Wilson at Washington Mon
day signed the Panama tolls exemption
repeal bill as amended in the Senate and
agreed to by the House.
PROF DROPPERS is AGAIN UP.
May Snceeed William*-—lrritation
Over Albania—Anxiety Regarding
Mexican Situation Pervade* Official
Circle*.
From Our Special Correspondent.
Washington, D. G, Tuesday, June 16.
Prof Garrett Droppers of Williams col
lege. as the story runs here, is to become
minister to Greece and Montenegro with
in a few months. President Wilson is
said to have fully determined upon the
nomination, although it may be well to
ward the end of the calendar year when
Prof Droppers takes up his duties at
Athens. There were reports that George
Fred Williams of Dedham would remain
there a short time, when he received his
nomination last December. That is being
borne out by recent occurrences. Further
more, it is said the president is vexed
over Mr Williams’s course in going to Al
bania in behalf of Greeks who were for
mer residents of the United States or
have relatives here. Greece, Turkey and
Germany, the last-named because a Ger
man prince is on the Albanian throne, are
understood to have expressed disapproval
to >1 ashington. Mr Williams was unwill
ing from the start to remain abroad too
long at the expense of bis law practice,
the suggestion is heard in inside official
circles that Mr Williams may soon come
to the United States for a vacation of a
couple of months and that he probably will
not return to Athens.
Senate and House have been speeding
to-day on appropriations. The weather
has been comfortable, which has encour
senators to buckle down to business.
Ibe efforts have been under way to step
along with all Senate work so that ad
jourmnent might be taken by August 1.
xne senate, after yesterday's develop
ments, is coming to realize that antitrust
legislation must be disposed of, and ac
fordingly arguments are advanced that the
most sensible thing to do is to cease
grumbling and get through. The diplomat
ic appropriation bill was completed hv the
thTnL.T 1 ’ thl * Mt*™'**" Thereupon
uidWi ’Weapon bill, with its
tAAs 1 ■ eI J up t ? wa ^ $200,000,000, was
An ® wute «" The Indian up
propriation bill was taken un next. While
there was much discussion about this lat-
HJ n . me w UW ’ kn 0!?”?? * reat romen.
tion»- Meanwhile the House was having a
- w nav »l appropria
disposing of numerous Senate
B ®W*l important Senate
provisions were concurred in, including a
te.ri. P i ro . P ^ atioD J OT a « r yd'><* H
Hunters Point, near San Francisco. The
House will occupy some time vet in dis
posing of these naval amendments.
Anxiety over the outcome of mediation
at Niagara Falls has pervaded official nir
dee to-day Fears have multiplied that
there can be no agreement on a provision
al president. Secretary Bryan claimed thia
afternoon to be hopeful, but the situation
is unsatisfactory.
CIVIL SERVICE DEFEAT.
Democratic Senator* for Spoil* Sy* v
tem, According; to Opponent* in De
bate Over Commercial Attache*.
An amendment to the legislative ap
propriation’ hill authorizing the appoint
ment of “$160,000 worth” of commercial
attache* to study trade conditions abroad
without regard to the ciril-service regula
tions, was seized upon by republican sen
ators at Washington Saturday to charge
the administration with the repudiation of
another plank of the democratic platform.
The amendment was incorporated into the
bill after a long argument.
Senator Root of New York said that to
adopt the amendment was to take a step
back toward the old spoils system- He
said it would serve notice on the country
that the dominant, party in Congress would
do whatever it could to break down tho
civil-service system.
Chairman Martin of the appropriations
committee denied that there was such a
purpose, and said it was only to fill these
particular places that the civil-service idea
was to be abandoned.
Senator Vardaman of Mississippi opposed
the amendment. “Although the civil serv
ice in my state has been for the most part
Africanized,” said he, “X believe in th*
wisdom of the civil-service principle, and
X believe in the party pledge for the ob
servance of the civil service.”
On a record vote by which the amend
ment was adopted, 27 to 24, Senator*.
Ashurst of Arizona, Lane of Oregon, Mar
tine of New York, Thomas of Colorado
and Vardaman, democrats, voted with the
republicans.
MORE BRYAN TREATIES.
General Peace Tree tie* "With Franco
and Great Britain Will Soon Be
Signed.
Secretary Bryan, for th* United States,
and Embassadors Jusserand and Spring-
Rice, for France and Great Britain, will
noon sign At Washington on the sama
day peac* treaties modeled after those al.
ready signed by Secretary Bryan with 19
nations. The signing of these treatie*
awaits only the approval of the British
pact by the British' self-governing col
onies, to which it has bean subjected. The
Auglo-American and the Franco-American
treaties, in a general way, follow a simi
lar pact already signed by Secretary Bryan
with the Netherland*. They provide that
ail questions arising between tho United
States and tho respective European pow
er* which cannot be tattled by diplomacy
shall ba submitted 4or investigation of a
period of at least a year to an interna
tional commission of five member*. During
th* investigation hostilities would not be
entered into, hut the findings of th* com
mission would not be binding. Secretary
Bryan and Minister Bryn have agreed
upon the terms of a similar treaty b*.
twean the United State* and Norway.
which will be signed at the state depart
ment within a few days.
CONGRESSIONAL IMMUNITY.
Court Decision Extend* It to Com
mittee Investigation*.
Immunity of members of Congress from
civil and criminal action growing Out of
their work ip Congress was materially
extended in a decision given Friday by
Justice Anderson of the supreme court
of the District of Columbia. Action had
been taken against Secretary Redfield for
the part he had taken while a member
of Congress in the congressional investiga
tion of Washington insurance conditions.
The court held, however, that the rule of
congressional immunity extended not only
to words and actions in the course of de
bate. but also to committee investiga
tions and all other activities connected
with the work of a member of Congress.
SHIPS MULL NOT BE SOLD.
House Disagree* With Senate Flan for
Disposal of Idaho and Mississippi.
Plans of the nary department to sell the
battleships Idaho and Mississippi to some
European power and build a modern dread
nought with the money received were
blocked at Washington Tuesday in the
House. The House disagreed to the Sen
ate amendment to the naval appropriation
bill providing for the sale of the ships and
sept the entire bill back to conference. It
was authoritatively announced that the
Senate conferees would not insist upon
their amendment.
Wilson Hope* for July Adjournment-
President Wilson was hopeful at Wash
ington Tuesday that the administration
trust legislation program will be passed so
Congress may adjourn by the end of July.
He was optimistic as a result of a con
ference Tuesday with Senator James
of Kentucky, and the conference Mon
day night with other senators and the
chairmen of working committees. The
president expects the railroad securities
and the omnibus antitrust bill to be re
ported out of committee within the next
two weeks. It was maed plain Tues
day that he has not finally committed
himself to the details of the bills as they
passed the House.
THE COLONEL IN LONDON
LECTURES AND MEETS THE LIONS
Hobnob* With Distinguished Men at
Various Luncheons.
Col Theodore Roosevelt arrived in Lon
don Saturday from the continent, accom
panied by Mrs Nicholas Longworth, his
daughter, and Philip J. Roosevelt, his
cousin. Embassador Walter Hines Page
was waiting at the station to meet the
former president. With him were the
members of the embassy staff; Lieut-Col
Arthur Hamilton Lee. former British mil
itary attache at Washington, and now
conservative member of Parliament: R.
Newton Crane of the American society in
Lindon and other American citizens resi
dent in the British capital. One of the
first to welcome Col Roosevelt was the
archbishop of Canterbury, who had trav
eled on the same train and who greeted
him on the platform.
•My visit to England is purely a social
and scientific one. I have come here to
lecture before the Royal geographical so
ciety on the subject of my discoveries and
adventures in Brazil and also to meet
friends. I will not discuss politics—either
A merican. English or French.” This was
the reply of Col Roosevelt to a bombard
ment of questions from a score of news
paper meh for whom he held an informal
reception at Lieut-Co] Lee’s London resi
dence.
A luncheon in honor of Col Theodore
Roosevelt was given in London Monday
by Sir Edward Grey. British foreign sec
retary. The guests included Premier As
quith, David Lloyd-George, chancellor of
tlie exchequer: Lewis Harcourt, secretary
for the colonies; Viscount Bryce, former
embassador at Washington, and Sir Cecil
Spring-Rice, the present British embassa
dor.
In the afternoon Viscount Bryce called
on and had a long talk with Mr Roosevelt.
Monday evening Lieut-Col Arthur Ham
ilton I>e. former British military attache
at Washington, gave a dinner party in
honor of Mr Roosevelt, those invited being
Lord and Lady Northcliffe. Sir Cecil
Spring-Rice, Austen Chamberlain, Sir
Leander Starr Jameson and Earl Curzon
of Kedleston. ______
COLONEL DELIVERS LECTURE
Hundred* Unable to Gain Admittance
to Royal Geographical Society The.
ater.
Col Theodore Roosevelt appeared be
fore the Royal geographical society
at London Tuesday night to tell the
members and many of the most
conspicuous men in London’s pub
lic life how he put the "Duvida river”
ou the map of Brazil. The society’s the
ater in Burlington gardens was packed
to suffocation. Those anxious to hear
the ex-president would easily have filled
the largest, hall in London, but he pre
ferred a small auditorium where an inti
mate talk would be possible. The the
ater seats only 700, but the society is
sued more than 1000 cards, while, at
the same time, it refused hundreds of
applications. The result was elose crowd
ing while 200 or 300, including many
Srominent people, who had gone a long
istance, with cherished cards, were un
able to get in.
Large forces of police were waiting to
shelter Col Roosevelt against a possible
suffraget attack, hut none was attempted.
The colonel waved his hand when he
alighted from his motor, but the crowd
was too decorous for cheering. Hearty
applause, however, greeted bis appearance
on the stage.
The lecture was mainly a repetition of
that delivered at Washington in May.
Col Roosevelt expressed his pleasure at
appearing before the foremost geographi
cal body of the world. He paid a tribute
to Brazilian explorers end raised a laugh
by saying: “There are still plenty other
things there, besides my river, to be put
on the map.”
He had been requested to give the
members of the society personal details
of bis adventures and he talked much of
ferocious bats, small fish which devour
m<-n, catfish which catch monkeys, au ;
insects and snakes which made life miser
able for him. He suggested that the
Royal geographical society send a man to
survey the river and promised all assist
ance from himself and the Brazilian gov
ernment.
At luncheon at Lieut-Col Lee’s a num
ber of explorers and big gam* hunters
had been invited to meet Mm, including
Frederick Courteney Selous. Sir Harry
Johnston, the famous Central African ad
i miniatrator. and Sir Francis Younghus
band. the Asian and African explorer. Be
fore lecturing to the fellows of the Royal
geographical society, Col Roosevelt was the
guest at dinner of the Geographical club.
THE TRANSATLANTIC FLIGHT.
The attempt tc cross the Atlantic by
aeroplane, planned by th* Rodman Wap®,
maker expedition, will be made before
July of this year has passed, according
to information in New York Saturday
night. This week, it is expected, the air- ।
ship will be assembled at Hammonds- I
port, this to be followed by trial flights I
over Lake Keuka. The plans indicated j
call for the shipment of the machine to I
St Johns, N. F., late in June or early in
July, weather conditions then to dictate
the exact date of departure, Lieut John C.
Porte, royal navy, pilot of the expedition,
expects, however, to set forth on the trip
on the earliest possible date in July, it
is understood. Recent tests proved the en
gines of the machine satisfactory, it is
stated, and plans for the flight have
since rapidly matured.
“THE MOSES OF HER PEOPLE.”
Memorial to Harriet Tubman Davis
Unveiled at Auburn, N. V.
It was an occasion of more than local
interest when a large bronze tablet in
honor of a Negro woman, Harriet Tub
man Davis, was unveiled at Auburn, N.
Y., Friday evening. The memorial was
paid for by white people and is to be
placed in the county court-house. The
gift was accepted by the mayor of the city
in the presence of a great audience in
the Auditorium theater, and Booker T.
Washington came on to make an address.
The story of “Aunt Harriet’s” life was
told by Mrs Mary E. Talbert of Buffalo,
president of the Empire state federation,
and chairman of the executive committee
of the national association of colored wom
en. Mrs Talbert's talk is thus reported
•n the Auburn Citizen:—
“This memorial to that, great heroine
of my race whose life and service I am
to recall in gratitude and honor is peculiar
ly appropriate and expressive. Cut of
one piece of standard bronze, perfect in
cast, brown in color, which will grow
richer and mellower in tone by age—well
typifies the character and deeds of Harriet
Tubman.
"The contrast between her time and
ours, the changes that have taken place
during the past 50 years in the treatment
of the American Negro make it difficult,
yet not impossible to appreciate the soul
desires of that noble black woman who
went back and forth into the enemies’
country and brought back into the land of
freedom 300 souls. Facing almost death
itself and braving unknown obstacles, rest
ing partly by day and traveling by night,
fording the rivers and buried in the
swamps, 19 journeys did she make to
save her people from bondage.”
The speaker then traced the early life
of Aunt Harriet who was born about 1820
on the eastern shores of Maryland and
was one of 11 children. She told how
when she was six years old she wasj
hired out to a weaver to learn to weave
and where she was set watching muskrat
traps. Later on she was hired out to
take care of a baby but her task was
maid of all work by day and nurse girl
by night and if she slept when the child
awoke ahe was beaten. She brought tears
to eyes of her listeners when she recited
the early hardships of the woman who
later played such an important part as a
spy and nurse in the northern army. She
told of the times at the whipping post
when she was beaten until she was ill.
Of how she was knocked down and nearly
killed when shielding a runaway and later
on whan she could stand it no longer and
when her brothers and sisters would not
join her she ran away.
Eloquently the speaker carried the au
dience along with her as she drew her
word picture of this then slight, skulking
Hack girl, scantly clad and without
money or friends making her way to a
place of safety far from the leash and lash
of bondage and then when, later a wom
an grown, she started her underground
railway and carried on her work of rescu
ing her fellows from the tethers of slavery
when there was rewards of SIO,OOO on
her head. Y'et she feared not and kept
the work of rescue going until the gen
erals of the northern forces found that she
was a valuable asset and she joined them
acting as spy and nurse and rendering
the North the most valuable service.
Some Thin** Dr Washlnarton Said.
“Was th* heroic work of Harriet Tub
man worth while? Let me in a few words
try to answer this question.
“First of all, the Negro for 50 years
has survived, from a physical point of
view in a state of freedom, a thing that
many said he could not do. Beginning
life in this country a few centuries ago
with 20 members of our race who were
sold into slavery, we increased in slavery
until at the end of that period we num
bered 4,000,000. We have lived by the side
of the white man, a thing that many dark
skinned races have failed to do. and have
increased in numbers until at the present
time we number over 10,000,000. This
means a population that is larger than the
entire population of the Dominion of
Canada, and means a population of peo
ple that is as large a* five of the smaller
European countries with 2,000,000 more.
“We have not only survived, but from
a material point of view we have sup
ported ourselves. We have not become
beggars. We have asked no appropria
tion from Congress to provide food, cloth
ing or shelter for our race, and it is very
seldom that in any part of America a
black hand is reached out from a corner
of a street asking for personal charity.
We have don* more, however, than to sup
port ourselves. We have accumulated land
and houses; we own and operate business
enterprises- The Negro in this country to,
day is the owner of at least 20,000,000
acres of land, a territory that is as large
a* the state of South Carolina. We have
built and paid for over 600,000 houses.
We are buying land, especially in the coun
try districts of the South, at a very rapid
rate. With no business experience at the
beginning of our freedom we now own
and operate about 10,000 grocery stores,
dry goods store*, shoe stores. We own and
operate nearly 400 drug store*. We own
and operate ov*r 60 banks. Progress in
these directions will indicate that the work
of Harriet Tubman was not in vain.
“There were not a few who at the be
ginning of our freedom predicted that
the Negro would not take advantage of
the educational opportunities furnished by
our country, but we have proved the con
trary to be true. Wherever a school
house has been opened, the Negro has
filled that aehool-house. Unlike many
other races in the same relative stage of
civilization, education does not have to
be forced on the Negro; he seeks educa
tion, and is willing to make any sacrifice
in order that his children may get edu
cation.
“When freedom came to our race
through the work of Hariet Tubman
and others, only 3 per cent of th* Ameri
can Negroes could read or write; to-day
by the official* records, it is shown that
69 per cent of the American Negroes can
both read and write. This indicate* a
progress in education which, in th* words
of Henry 'Watterson of Louisville. Ky-.
an ex-slave holder, is greater than any
other race in history has ever. made.
“It is not true, as gome believe and
assert, that in proportion as the Negro
gets education that he stands still or
goes backward from a moral or religious
point of view. The fact that to-day we
nave about 85,000 churches and Sunday
schools, that we have over 30,000 minis
ter*, will indicate that we are going for
ward morally and religiously as well as in
other directions.
“These great antislavery heroes not
only wrought the freedom of the Negro
race, but they did more; they freed the
white race, and to-day through their ef
fort*. instead of having one race free we
have two race* in the South that, are
free, aud we have two sections of our
great country that are no longer engaged
in strife, but in mutual co-operation and
to bring about all that is best and noblest
in the life of the nation. There never
was a period in the history of the country
when, all things considered, there were
so many evidences of racial friendship
and co-operations as exists in the South
to-day. I say this in spite of my knowl
edge of the fact that there is much
wrong, much injustice still perpetrated
upon the Negro, but in spit* of this we
are going forward and we are gaining
new and better friends each day. The
outlook is not hopeless, but most encour
aging.
"AU. however, is not done There are
many battles still to be fought, many
problems still to be solved, and there
is a cal] for heroic work such as Har
riet Tubman performed still to be accom
plished. There remains a duty for each
of us. We must not despair, because
Harriet Tubman did not when great, se
rious. perplexing problems confront us,
whether these problems are local or na
tion-wide. Me must thank God for prob
lems, and remember always that in pro
portion as problems come to us for solu
tions, that if we face them manfully and
heroically that we are made stronger and
better by reason of performing our duty.
As Harriett Tubman did her duty, may
each in his own way find the path of
duty and follow it, no matter where it
leads.”
“REGULATED CO-OPERATION”
Between the New Haven and Boaton
and Maine Railroad*.-—A Way Ont
of Dieaolntlon — Three-Party Co
operation Between Capital, Labor
and peer.
Ta the Editor of The Republican:—
Can the railroad situation in New En
gland he improved by legislation; and if
so, by what kind of legislation? “Regu
lated co-operation,” in place of regulated
competition under the Sherman law, and
instead of regulated monopoly, seems to
be the answer.
The New England states have regarded
railroads as monopolies and have tried to
regulate them by law for the public good.
Congress has tried to abolish monopolies,
and the merger of the Boston and Maine
with the New Haren system is regarded
as a monopoly Which must be dissolved,
or “unscrambled,’’ under the Sherman
law.
Granting that this merger is unlawful
under the antitrust act, what is the remedy
for the present condition which confronts
us? Will not the dissolution of this
merged system aggravate matters by in
creasing the operating expenses without
increasing the receipts?
The proposed remedy will yield larger
net earnings for both the New Haven and
the Boston and Maine; and is free from
the taint of monopoly. The best way to in
crease the net earnings is to adopt the
policy of co-operation between the stock
holder and the worker and the user, regu
lated by law. so as to form an industrial
tripartnership, with limited liability and
exemption from the federal income tax,
and from the state franchise taxes. The
law can help to restore prosperity by these
means.
Both Congress and the state Legisla
tures should be appealed to by the direc
tors. the stockholders and others to en
act permissive railroad tripartnership
laws, authorizing the stockholders of these
two roads to co-operate with their work
ers and users in one and the same tri
partnership of capital, labor and user.
Such a co-operative undertaking cannot
be regarded as a private monopoly, and
therefore it would not be subject to th<>
penalities of the Sherman law. even if
chartered by the states alone without Con
gress; and if chartered by Congress, of
course the Sherman law would not ap
ply.
The “tripartnership law should fix a
“living” dividend for the stockholders on
a footing of equality of reward with the
present “living" wage of the workers; say
6 per cent a year on a fair valuation of
the property used in the business. The
law should also direct, the state for fed
eral) rate-making tribunal to fix freight
and passenger rates at such a level as to
enable the railroad tripartnership, with
good and honest, management, to earn the
living dividend of 6 per cent, in addition
to the living wages of the labor partners.
This would probably require an increase of
4 or 5 per cent in both interstate and
local rates, at th* start; but with increas
ing net earnings in a year or two, the
users or customer partners would get low
er rates, either by means of a sliding
scale, such as exists in the Consolidated
gas company of Boston, under the sliding
scale aet of 1906. or by means of a “good
will” return on their payments for trans
portation.
Under the sliding-scale acts, both in
England and in Boston, the price of gas
has been reduced to the customer part
ners, while wages and dividends have
been increased nt the same time: thus
showing that a tripartnership of capita!,
labor and consumer is conducive to good
will relations, instead of ill-will relations,
and makes for a larger output and larger
net earnings.
The tripartnership system makes for a
still larger output and for still larger net
earnings : for. whenever the net earnings
exceed the sum of living wages plus liv
ing dividends, the surplus earnings (called
"good-will" earnings) are divided between
labor, capital and user in accordance with
the principle of social justice styled
“group equality of reward."
The labor partners receive good-will
wages in addition to living wages: the cap
ital partners receive good-will dividends
in addition to living dividends, and the
customer partners receive good-will re
turns on their purchases in addition to
the goods, products or transportation,
whenever good-will earnings accrue to the
tripartnership. Xt is to the personal ad
vantage of each partner to increase the
net earnings, in order that he may ob
tain good-will returns upon his social'serv
ices.
The labor partner doos better work than
the employe, because he has a partner’s
interest in the good-will earnings, and
enjoys good-will relations with capital
and consumer. The labor partner is more
careful than the employe in the use of
tools, cars, locomotives, etc., which re
duces the cost of repairs, renewals etc.
The social service of the labor partner
is of a higher grade than that of the
employe. He produces not only' the liv
ing wage of the employe but also the
good-will wage of the industrial, partner.
Hence, when the labor partner receives
good-will wages in addition to living wages
his pay is the rightful fruit of his own
labor, and is not taken from capital nor
from the consumer.
Gpod-will earnings are the fruit of the
joint social services of capital labor and
consumer, and are their joint property
by right of creation
The ^rtpaFtpership law should recognize
that good-will earnings are the joint prop
s f.’P llßl Partners, the labor
partners and the customer partners of the
railroad tripartnership, and the law should
do social justice in accordance with the
principle of group equality of reward for
social services of equal value to society-
Living wages and living dividends are
upon a footing of equality of reward, and
KM”?;"*’!’ wages of labor and the good
will dividends of capital should be propor
ttou«l to living wages and living divi
uenas.
The shippers and passengers are entitled
to a fair snare of the good-will benefit, as
the fruit of their purchasing serviee; let
us say thia share amounts to one-third
nf the good-wil] earnings, leaving two
tnird* to bo divided between labor and
capital in the ratio of living wages to
living dividends.
The working of .such a law. or three
party co-operation regulated by law, may
be illustrated thus in the case of a rail
road with $100,000,000 of capital, or prop
erty’ used in the business:—
Property used in the business, $100,000,-
OfirPiugs of the tripartnership, one
year. $18,000,000; less living wage* of labor
partners,s6,ooo,ooo; lensliving dividendsof
Pirtners. $6,000,000; less total.
$12,000,000; good-will earnings of tri
partnership, $6,000,000; good-will rebate
to customer partners (one-third), $2,000.-
000; good-will wages to labor partners
(nue-half of the residue of $4,000,000, as
the ratio between living wages snd liv
dividends is 6 to 6, or 1 to I>, $2,000.-
000; good-will dividends to capita) part
ners (ona-half of the residue of $4,000,000
as the ratio I* 6 to 6, or 1 to J). $2,000,-
.000; total good-will returns, ^6,000,000.
Conrad Re»o.
A“J*xii' of ,‘Th® Jndiei*] System of New
England.
Sprinfffieid, June It, 19H.