Springfield weekly Republican. [volume], February 08, 1917, Page 4, Image 4

About Springfield weekly Republican. [volume] (Springfield, Mass.) 1851-1946

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4
THROWS OFF MASK
CHANCELLOR SPEAKS
WAR OF RUTHLESSNESS
IS “MOST HUMANE POLICY’’
tfanlßkh Chancellor Tells Reichstag
Committee He Has Always
Been for it When it Was
Shortest Way to Vic
y torious Peace
Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg
■nd other 'ministers attended an im
portant session of the ways and means
committee of the Reichstag at Ber
lin last Week Wednesday at which
the entire war situation was
Bone over and new steps planned
by the central powers were
considered, says a dispatch from
the German capital. The chancellor
opened the sitting with a speech of
which Wie keynote words were: "We
have been challenged to fight to the
end; We accept the challenge. We
•take everything and wo shall be vic
torious.”
The chancellor was followed by the
Secretary of state for the admiralty,
Who spoke of the situation from the
technical military and naval view
point. Detailed statistical data in re
gard go the economic position of the
world were supplied by the secretary
of the interior and Foreign Secretary
Kimmermann replied to several special
questions. After the ministers had
»poken the committee went into secret
•easion, at which speeches were made
by representatives of the centrist, na
tional-liberal and progressive parties.
In his address Chancellor von Beth
tnann-Hollweg explained why in March
and May of last year he had opposed
unrestricted submarine war, and why
again in September, “according to the ;
unanimous judgment of the political
and military authorities, the question
was nos considered ripe for decision.”
In this connection the chancellor re
peated his previous utterance that as
»oon as he, in agreement with the su
preme army command, reached the
sonviction that ruthless submarine war
would bring Germany nearer a vic
torious peace, then the U-boat war
would be started.
“By this development of the situa
tion the decision concerning submarine
warfare has been forced into the last
•cute stage." paid the chancellor. “The
question of U-boat war. as members
of Wie Reichstag will remember, has
occupied us three times in this com
mittee. namely, in March. May and
September ot last year. On each oc
casion in an exhaustive statement 1
expounded the points for and against
In this question. I emphasized on each
occasion that I was speaking pro
•empore and not as a supporter in
principle or opponent in principle of
the unrestricted employment of Ü
boats. but in consideration of the mili
tary, political and economic situation
as a whole.
■T have always proceeded from the
standpoint whether U-boat war
would bring us nearer victorious peace
or not. Every means. T said in
March, that was calculated to shorten
the war constitutes the most humane
policy to follow. When the most
ruthless methods are considered best
calculated to lead us to victory, and
swift victory. I said, then they must
be employed.
“This moment has now arrived.” he
continued. “Last autumn the time was
not yet rip*>. but to-day the moment
has come when, with the greatest
prospect of success, we can undertake
the enterprise. We must therefore
not wait any longer.”
Allies lace Shortage
“Where has there been anv chance
In tho situation?” the chancellor
asked. "In the first place, the most
important fact of all is that the num
ber of our submarines has peen very
considerably increased as compared
with last sprang, and thereby a firm
basts for success lias been ertablished.
The second co-decislve reason Is the
bad cereal harvest of the world. This
fact already confronts England.
France and Italy with serious diffi
culties. which by means of unrestrict
ed U-boat war will be brought to a
point of unbearableness.
“The coal question, too. I- a vital;
question In war. Already it is critical,
aa you know, in Italy and Franco.
Our submarines will make it still
more critical.
“To this must be added, especially
as regards England, the supply of ore
for the production of munitions, in the
widest sense, and of timber for coal
mines. The enemy’s difficulties are
rendered still more acute by the in
creasing lack of enemy cargo space.
In this respect time and U-boat and
cruiser warfare have prepared the
ground for the decisive blow.
“The entente suffers owing to lack
of cargo space. The lack makes it
self felt in Italy and Franca, no less
than in England. If we may now
venture to estimate the positive ad
vantages of unrestricted U-boat vat
at a verv much higher value than
last spring, the dangers which arise
for us from U-boat war have -or
rt^pondingly decreased since that
time.”
The chancellor's announcement to
the Reichstag committee has been the
subject of discussion at great head
quarters during the last week by ths
emperor the ’chancellor, the foreign
secretary, the military authorities and
the Austro-Hungarian foreign minis
ter. Although a decision is supposed
to have been reached last week, For
eign Secretary Zimmermann again
traveled to great headquarters on
Monday. On his return on Tuesday
he received the American embassa
dor, James W. Gerard, and held a long
discussion with him.
Austria Blockades Italy
The chancellor referred to military
affairs as follows: “The military sit
uation as a whole permits us to ac
cept all the conseauence which un
restricted U-boat war may bring and
as this U-boat war Is the means of
injuring our enemies most grievously
it must be done. The admiralty staff
and the high seas fleet entertain the
firm conviction —a conviction which
has practical support in the experience
gained in U-boat cruiser warfare--
that Great Britain will bo brought to
ptMce by arms. Our allies agree with
•QUr views. Austria-Hungary adheres
tqour procedure also in practice. Just
M i».v a blockaded area around
.<M»at Britain and the west coast of
, ™ in which we will try to uro
«|nt all shipping traffic to the enemy
•Countries, Austria-Hungary declares
ground Italy. To
’countries a free path for
PWtWtl Inten-ouree is left outside the
Jj^kaded area. To America we of- 4
sered. as we did in 1915. safe passen
ger traffic, under definite conditions,
even with Great Britain.”
The chancellor here read the note
to the United States and said that
corresponding notes had been sent to
the other neutral states. He con
cluded as follows: "No one among
us will close his eyes to the serious
ness of the step we are taking. That
our existence is at stake everyone
knows since August 4. 1914 and this
has been brutally emphasized by the
rejection of our peace offer. When
in 1914 we had to seize and have re
course to the sword against Russia's
general mobilization, we did co with
• the deepest sense of responsibility to
i wards our people and conscious of
j resolute strength, which says: ‘We
| must and therefore we can.’ Endless
streams of blood have since been
shed, but they have not washed away
the ‘must’ and the ‘can.’
Best and Sharpest Weapon
"In now deciding to employ our best
and sharpest weapon, we are guided
solely by sober consideration of all
the circumstances that come into the
question and bv the firm determina
tion to help our people out of the dis
tress and disgrace which our enemies
contemplate for them. Success lies
In a higher hand, but as regards all
that human strength can do to en
force success for the fatherland, be
assured, gentleman, that nothing has
been neglected. Everything in this
respect will be done.”
BERLIN DELIGHTED
' Newspapers Say That Real Sub-
I marine War Will Now Be Seen
—Only Mild Critism Expressed
The press of Berlin received the an
nouncement of unrestricted submarine
warfare with delight. The liberal or
gans almost without exception aban
doned their old-time. opposition and
hailed the chancellor's words with
warmly patriotic expressions of ap
proval. Most of the journals devoted
a paragraph or more to the probable
effect on neutrals, especially America.
They declared almost without excep
tion that they hoped the United States
would understand Germany’s position
and approve is as the surest and quick
est method of bringing about peace,
but all emphatically warned against
attempted intervention or mixing in
by the United States.
Vorwaerts was the only newspaper to
call attention to the fact that this im
portant decision was reached by the
leaders of the empire without consult
ing the people through the Reichstag.
Vorwaerts and the Tageblatt were
the only two morning newspapers
that breathed disapproval.
SECOND GERMAN NOTE
Prepared When Entente Reply to
Peace Offer Was Made, It Was
Held Back Because of President
Wilson’s Speech
A second memorandum delivered
last week Wednesday with the German
note was made public Thursday by
the state department at Washington. It
differs in some respects from the sub
stance ot the note itself. The under
standing is that It was prepared at
the German embassy on instructions
from Berlin prior to President Wil
son's peace address to the Senate and
withheld then on account of the ad
dress. When Count von Bernstorf!
received the note and memorandum
Wednesday from Berlin, he decided to
deliver with them the original docu
ment prepared by him. The memo
randum follows:—
"After bluntly refusing Germany'sj
peace offer, the entente powers stated ।
in their note addressed to the Ameri- I
can government that they are deter
mined to continue the war in order to I
deprive Germany ot German prov-:
inces in the west and east, to de- ■
strop Austria-Hungary and to anni-j
hilate Turkey. In waging war with i
such aims, the entente allies are vio- j
lating all rules of international law,
as they prevent the legitimate trade
of neutrals with the central powers,
and of the neutrals among them
selves.
“Germany has. so far, not made
unrestricted use of the weapon which
she possesses In her submarines. Since
the entento powers, however, have
made it impossible to come to an un
derstanding based upon equality ot
rights of all nations, as proposed by
the central powers, and have Instead
declared only such a peace to bo pos
sible which shall be dictated by the
entente allies, and shall result in the
destruction and the humiliation ot the
central powers. Germany is unable
further to forego the full use of her
submarines.
“The imperial government, there
fore. does not doubt that the govern
ment of the United States will under
stand the situation thus forced upon
Germany by the entento allies' brutal
methods of war. and by their determi
nation to destroy the central powers,
and that the government of the Unit
ed States will further realize that the
now openly disclosed intention of the
entente allies gives back to Germany
the freedom of action which she re
served in her note addressed to the
government of the United States on
May 4. 1916..
“Under these circumstances. Ger
many will meet the illegal measures
ot her enemies by forcibly preventing
after February 1. 1917. in a zone
around Great Britain. France. Italy
and in the eastern Mediterranean all
navigation, that of neutrals includsd.
from and to England and from and
to France, etc. All ships met within
that zone will be sunk.
“The imperia! government is con
fluent that this measure will result In
a speedy termination of the war and
in the restoration of peace which the
government of tho United States has
so much at. heart. Like the govern
ment of the United States. Germany
and her allies had hoped to reach this
goal by negotiations. Now that tho
war. through the fault of Germany’s
enemies, has to be continued the im
perial government feels sure that the
government of the United States will
understand the necessity of adopting
such measures as are destined to bring
about a speedy end of the horrible and
useless bloodshed.
“The imperial government hopes all
the more for such an understanding
of h°r position, as the neutrals have
vnder the pressure of the entente
powers suffered great losses, being
forced by them either to give up their
entire trade or to limit It according to
conditions arbitrarily determined by
Germany’s enemies In violation of in
ternational law."
AUSTRIA SENDS NOTE
Similar to That Sent by Germany
to United States
A Vienna dispatch to Reuter’s of
London by way ot Amsterdam says
that Count Czernin. the Austro-Hun
garian minister of foreign affairs, has
sent a note to the neutral countries
respecting intensified naval warfare.
It Is similar to the German note to
the United States.
Espeyantiets w-ill point to the
wretched trap skit tans of the German
notes an fresh proof of the need of a
universal language.
THE SPRINGFIELD WEEKLY REPUBLICAN: THURSDAY, EEBRUARY 8, 1917
THE BARKED ZONE
BLOCKADES DENMARK
Where Neutral Ships Will Ply at
Their Peril—Special Provision
For American Passen-
ger Steamers
A dispatch from Washington says
that the forbidden area for neutral
vessels under Germany's warning as
described in the annex is. bounded by
a line running from virtually the
center of the Netherlands coast
northwards, blockading all Denmark
and the entrance to the Baltic, to
the cutside point of Norway, thence
due west, skirting the southern part
of the Faroe islands: then west and
then south in a grand square 300 to
400 miles to sea off the British isles,
to the junction of Spain and Portugal,
apparently leaving the latter country
open and affording a 20-mile safety
zone along the northern Spanish coast
to the Frencn border,
Virtually the whole Mediterranean
is declared dangerous except a nar
row strip almost paralleling the
African coast to a point directly south
of Greece, from which a 20-mile path
to Greek territorial waters is dec’ared
open. Germany’s solicitude for Greece
Interpreted In some quarters at
Washington as indicating that despite
the Greek acceptance of the allied de
mands, Germany still hopes for a
change in the situation in that coun
try. At present, however, this access
to Greece Is of little value, as that
country still is blockaded by the al
lies.
The Barred Zone
Following is the annex referred to
in the German note: —
“From February 1, 1917. within
barred zones around Great Britain,
France. Italy and in the eastern Medi
terranean, as outlined in the following,
all sea traffic forthwith will be op
posed. Such barred zones are:—
"In the North sea. the district
around England and France which is
limited by a line 20 nautical miles,
the district along the Dutch coast as
far as the Terschelling lightship, the
degree of longitude of the TercshelUng
lightship to Udlrsi, line from there
across_tlie point 62 degrees north lati
tude, 5 longitude, westward along 62
degrees to a point three nautical miles
south of the south point of Faroe Isl
ands: from there across the point 62
degrees north. 10 degrees west to 61
degrees north. 15 degrees west; then
57 degrees north. 20 degrees west; to
47 degrees north, 20 degrees west:
south to 43 degrees north, to 15 de
grees west: then on degree latitude 43
degrees north to the point 20 nauti
cal miles from Cape Finisterre and 20
nautical miles along the . Spanish
north coast as far as the French fron
tier.
"Concerning the south, in the Medi
terranean: For neutral shipping there
remains open the sea district west of
a line from Point de Des Paquett to
38 degrees 20 minutes north and 6 de
grees east. .as well as north and west
of a zone 60 sea miles broad along
the North African coast, beginning on
2 degrees west longitude.
“In order to connect this sea dis
trict with Greece, the zone leads 20
sea miles in width nortlj or east, fol
lowing this line: Thirty-eight degrees
north and six degrees east. 38 de
grees north and 11 degrees 30 minutes
east to 34 degrees north and 11 de
grees ”0 minutes east to 34 degrees
north and 22 degrees 30 minutes east.
From there it leads to a zone 20 sea
miles broad west of 22 degrees 30 min
utes east longitude into Greek terri
torial waters.
Precautions for Neutrals
“Neutral ships plying within the
barred zone do so at their own risk.
Although precautions are being taken
to spare neutral ships which on Feb
ruary 1 are on the way to ports in
the barred zone during an appropri
ate delay, yet it is urgently to be ad
vised that they should be warned
and directed to other routes by all
means available.
“Neutral ships lying in ports of the
barred zones can with the same safety
abandon the barred zones if they sail
before February -5 and take the short
est route into the open district.
“The instructions gffven to the com
manders of .German submarines pro
vide for a sufficiently long period dur
inglwhich the safety,of passengers on
unarmed enemy. passenger ships is
guaranteed.
“Americans on the way to the block
ade zone on enemy freight steamers
are not endangered as the enemy
shipping firms can prevent such ships
in time from entering the zone.
Begnlations for American Passenger
Ships
“Traffic of regular American pas
senger steamers can go on unmolest
ed if: —
"A—Falmouth is taken as the port
of destination, and if
“B —On the going and return jour
ney the Scllly islands, as well as the
point 50 degrees north. 20 degrees
west, be steered on. Along this route
no German mines will be laid: —
“C—ls steamers on this journey
bear the following special signals
which only they will be permitted to
display in American ports: A coat
ing of paint on the ship's hull and
tho superstructure in vertical stripes
three, meters broad, alternating white
and red: on every mast a large flag
of checkered white and red: on the
stern the American national flag: dur
ing darkness the national flag and the
cost of paint to be as easily recogniz-,
able as possible from a distance and
the ships must be completely and
bri-htlv illuminated,
“D —If only one steamer runs each
week in each direption. arriving at
Falmouth on Sundays, leaving Fal
mouth on Wednesdays.
“E—ls guarantees and assurances
are given by the American govern
ment that these steamers carry no
contraband taccording to the Ger
man list of contraband).”
Two copies of mans or. which tho
barred zones are butlined are added.
ALTERS BLOCKADE
New Order of Germany—Eastern
Limit of Barred Zone Runs 4 De
grees East Longtitude
The following official statement was
given but In Berlin Saturday:—
“The eastern limit of the blockaded
zone around England has been altered
as follows: “The line runs from the
point 52 degrees 30 minutes north
latitude. 4 degrees east longitude,
across to the point 56 degrees north
latitude. 4 degrees east longitude, to
the point 56 degrees north 1 witude. 4
degrees 50 minutes east longitude.
Otherwise the line remains as already
announced.”
The effect of the alteration of the
blockade Is to move about 20 miles
further from the coast that part of
the eastern limit of the bk-cka<led zone
which Hei off the nobihi^rn Dutch
coast and Schieswlg-Holsteltt This
affords Dutch shipping a wider palh-
I wav to the Atlantic through th! east
ern part of the North sea.
MAY MODIFY BLOCKADE
Germany Considers Requirements
of Some Neutrals
Reuter’s Amsterdam correspondent
says that while Berlin is preserving
silence in regard to the rupture of
relations between Germany and the
United States, the German govern
ment has issued the following state
ment: "It is stated that negotiations
are afoot between tht authorities in
terested concerning how Germany, by
removing certain transport difficulties,
can take into account the require
ments of some neutral states in re
lation to essential raw materials, espe
cially coal and iron.”
CONCESSION BY GERMANY
“One Ship a Week" Provision Can
celled by Berlin Government—
Tip to American Shipowners
Count von Bernstorff, the German
embassador at Washington, was
authorized by his government to ar
range for the passage of any Ameri
can passenger ship, without contra
band. through ths lane ot safety to
Falmouth, prescribed for one ship a
week of the American line in Ger
many’s new orders to her submarine
commanders, it was stated Friday.
All vessels would be placed under
the same restrictions as the ships
of the American line, and the Ber
lin government Is said to have point
ed out that this arrangement should
enable American ship owners to gain
entire control of the transatlantic
passenger-carrying trade. It was
stated that the only reason Germany
in her note provided that only one
ship a week would be permitted to
enter Falmouth was because it un
derstood that there were only four
American passenger ships plying be
tween New York and England, all
belonging to the American line.
Germany was represented at the
embassy as not desiring that any harm
should, come to Americans, but as
anxious that Americans stay away
from the danger zone while the cen
tral powers attempt to starve the en
tente. especially Great Britain. The
German government, according to
embassy officials, never would itself
break off relations with the United
States. The German policy was that
either a break or a declaration ot war.
if the situation developed would have
to come from the United States.
WHAT GERMANY EXPECTS
Capt Persins Throws Cold Water
on Belief That British Tonnage
Will Quickly Be Exhausted
Expectations expressed in unofficial
circles at Berlin that as a result of
the unrestricted submarine campaign
the amount of tonnage sunk each
month can be increased to about 1,000,-
000 tons are based upou available fig
ures showing the total amount of
British tonnage, which is estimated -it
11.000.000 to 12,000,000 of tons, savs
a, dispatch from the German capital..
This is believed at Berlin to be the'
gross registered tonnage, upon which
England can count for the import of
necessary supplies, wheat, ores. mp.
r.itions. etc. and for the export of coal
to her allies.
Statistics are cited showing that'
the actual, not theoretical, traffic. In
British ports from July to September,
amounted to 6.750.000 tons, carried In
British vessels. In addition, it is re
ported that the neutral and entente
vessels other than British entering
British ports during that period
brought the total tonnage up to ap
proximately 10.750,000 tons.
It is asserted that grain shipments
from Australia to England are mak
ing steadily increased demands upon
this tonnage, which also must trans
port from Denmark 60 per cent of
England’s butter supply, and from
Holland virtually all of her margarine
supply. Any considerable reduction
of this tonnage, it is claimed, wou’d
limit England's supply ot breadstuff's
sc critically as to force peace within
a few months.
On the other hand, if the United
States should be drawn Into tho war.
these unofficial critics foresee a pro
longation of the war and. as a conclu
s>n. Europe completely exhausted and
America weakened, while Japan’s mil T
itary strength, they assert, virtually
would be unimpaired and her financial
resources vastly increased.
Cant Persius, writing in the Berlin
Tageblatt. throws a dash of cold wa
ter upon such reasoners. who include
some of his colleagues, among the
naval writehs. by declaring that Brit
ish tonnage undoubtedly will be great
ly increased during the war by the
building of new bottoms. He also
warns them against making too opti
mistic estimates of the prospective
achievements of German submarines
and against regarding too lightly the
probable counter-measures upon which
he .asserts the British admiralty un
doubtedly is zealously working’
GERMAN? PROTESTS
Objects to Norwegian Submarine
Regulations
Germany has sent a protest to the
Norwegian and Swedish governments
in regard to the treatment of German
submarines. The protest is directed
particularly at Norway. The semi
official Berlin Norddeutsche Allge
meine Zeitung ways in this connection
that it hoped no situation which can
not be adjusted by a mutual under
standing wil be created. The Nord
deutsche. Aligemelne Zeitung says:—
"A Norwegian order, which is di
rected against Germany, deprives sub
marines of their former character.
The German point of view is compre
hended as little by the Norwegian as
by the Swedish government, and the
new order, as well as the previous or
der. can be explained in the light of
the important interests Involving the
neutrality of both states, situated so
near to the theater of maritime war.
The German government therefore ex
presses its standpoint In principle by
a legal protest to the Norwegian and
Swedish governments, without attach
ing practical consequences to this pro
test. In this way tho incident maybe
dealt with in a manner acceptable to
both parties.”
The relations between Norway and
Germany have been strained for some
time on account of the submarine
question, although no word has been
received of a new Norwegian order.
The Norwegian government last Oc
tober forbade submarines of the bel
ligerent powers to traverse Norwe
gian waters except In case of emer
gency. Germany made a protest, to
which Norway responded in Novem
ber.
At Manila a big fleet of German
steamers Is laid up. of which opt so
much has been heard as concerning
the chips in our Atlantic iwets.
t
[CANNOT TRANSFER
TO FOREIGN REGISTRY
DECREE BY PRESIDENT
Proclamation to American Ship
Owners Under Shipping Act
President Wilson Monday issued a
proclamation under the authority of
the recent shipping act, prohibiting
American ship owners from transfer
ring their vessels to any other reg
istry.
In his proclamation the president
| pointed out that a national emergeney
i exists and that many ship owners of
the United States are permitting their
vessels to pass to alien registers and
to foreign trade in which we do not
participate "and from which they can
not be bought back to serve the needs
of our water-borne commerce without
the permission of governments ot for
eign nations.”
It was said at the department pt
commerce that since July 1. 1909
American ships with a gross tonnage
of 136.509 had been transferred to for
eign registry. A large proportion of
these ships became Norwegian.
The president's proclamation fol
lows: —
“Whereas. Congress did by ‘an act
to establish a United States shipping
board for the purpose of encouraging,
developing and creating a naval aux
iliary and naval reserve and a mer
chant marine to meet the require
ments of the commerce of the United
States with its territories and posses
sions and with foreign countries; to
regulate carriers by water engaged in
the foreign and interstate commerce
of the United States; and for other
purposes,’ approved September 7,
1916, provide that 'during any nation
al emergency, the existence of which
Is declared by the proclamation of the
president, no vessel, registered or en
roled and licensed under the laws of
the United States, shall, without the
approval of the board, be sold, leased
or chartered to any person not a cit
izen of the United States, or trans
ferred to a foreign registry or flag;'
"And whereas, many ship-owners
of the United States are permitting
their ships to pass to alien registers
and to foreign trade in which we do
not participate and from which they
cannot be bought back to serve the
needs of our water-borne commerce
without the permission of govern
ments of foreign nations;
"Now. therefore. I, Woodrow Wil
son. president of the United States
of America, acting under and by vir
tue of the authority conferred in me
by said act of Congress, do hereby de
clare and proclaim that I have found
that there exists a national emergen
cy arising from the insufficiency ot
maritime tonnage to carry the prod
ucts of the farms, forests, mines and
manufacturing industries of the Unit
ed otates, to their consumers abroad
and within .the United States, and I
do hereby admonish all citizens of the
States and every person to
. fro> n every violation of the
provisions of said act of Congress,
“ahd I do hereby warn them that all
(Violations of such provisions will be
rigorously prosecuted, and T do here
by enioin upon all officers of the Unit
ed States, charged with the execu
tion of the laws thereof, the utmost
diligence in preventing violation of
said act and this, my proclamation Is
sued thereunder, and in bringing to
trial and punishment any offenders
against the same.”
TEUTON VESSELS
In American Ports—Total Tonnage!
398,479 j
Eighty-eight German and 12 Aus
trian vessels, with a total tonnage of
398.479. are now in ports of the Unit
ed States or of this country's colonial
possessions. Vessels of a military
character arc interned; the others
have sought refuge in American wa
ters. The following is a list of these
vessels, with the tonnage of each,
Austrian craft being marked with an
asterisk:—
At New York
Ad&mstnrn, ss 3,150
Allemannia. ss 2.915
Armenia, ss 3,386
Barbarossa. »s 6.463
Bohemia, ss 5,248
Clara Nennig. ss 1.003
•Dorn. ss 4.536
Friedrich der Grosse, ss 6.583
George Washington, ss 15.378
Grosser Kurfuerst, ss 7,881
Hamburg, ss 6.240
Harburg. ss 2,837
•Hlmalaia, ss 3.152
♦lda. ss 3.093
Indra, ship 1.643
Kaiser Wilhelm H. sr 6.358
Koenig Wilhelm 11, ss 5,764
Madgeburg. ss 2.876
Maia, f.s 1.635
•Martha Washington, ss 5,370
Matador, bark 1.866
Nasoria. ss 2.475
Fisa, ss 3.148
, Pennsylvania, ss 8,527
Porton’a. s’ 1,744
President Grant, ss 11,112
President Lincoln, ss 11.171
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, ss 2.921
Prinz Joachim, ss 2,981
Prlnzess Irene, ss 6,443
Vaterfand. ss 23,548
At Boston
Amerlkn. ss 13,637
Cincinnati, ss 9.733
•Erny, ss 4.171
Koeln. ss 4.6f»6
Kronprinzessin Cecilie, ss 6.<W
Orkenfels. ss 3.542
Witt ekind, ss 3.607
At New London
WHlebad. ss 3.012
At Baltimore
Bulgaria, ss 7.218
Neekar. ss 6.200
Rhein, ss 6,398
At Philadelphia
•Franconia, ss 3.010
Prinz Oscar, ss 3.777
Rhaetln. ss 4.141
At Newport News
Arcadia, ss .3.412
Budapest, sr 2,321
Kronprinz Wilhelm, aux cruiser .. 5.162
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, aux cruiser. 4.812
At Charleston. S. C.
Uebenfels, ss 2.890
At Wilmington, N. C.
Kiel, ss 2.872
Nicaria. ss 2,298
At Karannah
Hohenfelde. «8 .. 1,887
At Jacksonville
Frieda Leenbardt, ss 1.731
At Pensacola
Rudolph Blumberg, ss 1.077
Vogesen. as 2.350
At'Tampa
♦Sorneo. ss .... 2.837
At New Orleans
Andromeda, ss , . 1,546
•Anna, as 989
Hretdau. ss 4,808
•data, ss 2,541
Georgia, as (now Housatonic, Amer-
♦Toren*. ...... . 2.381
4,..At Galrcstop,^
•fjimpanls. ss .................... ^.*67
♦Morawitz, ss ........ v***
At San Francisco
Ottawa, bark 2.512
Serapis. ss 3,60 S
At Puget Sound, Or.
Arnoldus Vlnnen, ship 1.789
Dalbek, bark 2,5(4
Kurt, bark 2,875
Saxonla, as 2.782
Steinbek. ship 2,062
At 11110
O. J. D. Ahlers, ss .'. 4.378
At Honolulu
Gouverneur Jaeschke, ss 1,045
Holsatia, ss ........... 3,540
Loogmoon. ss 1,245
Locksun. ss 1,020
Pommern, ss 4,080
Prinz Waldemar, ss 1.737
Setos, ss 3.084
Staatssekretaer. Kraetke. ss 1.208
At Manila. Philippines
Andalusia, ss 3,371
Bochum, ss 3,831
Camilla Riekmers, ss 3.10:5
Coblenz, ss 1,883
Clara Jebsen. ss 1,103
Carl Diedrichseu, ss 774
Elmshorn, ss 2.871
Elsass. ss {at Tufuila) 4.134
Esslinger, ss 3.007
Mark, ss 4,091
Prinzess Alice, aux. cruiser (at
Cebu) 8,020
Raja, ss 1,273
Sachsen, ss 5,088
Sambia, ss 3.011
Sue via. ss 2^BBt
Tuebingen, ss 3,609
At San Juan, P. R.
Fara, auxiliary 2,735
Odenwald, ss 2.098
Praesldent, ss 921
Total net tonnage v 398.479
T.R, SUPPORTS WILSON
WANTS TO RAISE DIVISION
Offers Country Services of Him
self and His Four Sons
Col Theodore Roosevelt at Oyster
Bay. N. Y„ Saturday pledged his sup
port to President Wilson in upholding
the honor of the United States. He
offered to the country his own serv
ices and those of his four sons in the
event of hostilities.
Plans for a volunteer army division
to be commanded by Mr Roosevelt,
on which his friends have worked
since the sinking of the Dusitania,
again have come to the front and he
admitted he had asked the war de
partment for permission to raise such
a body of troops.
"Of course I shall in every way sup
port the president in all that he does
to uphold the honor of the United
States and to safeguard the lives of
American citizens,” he said. "Yester
day I wrote to the war department
asking permission to raise a division
if war is declared and there is a call
for volunteers. In such an event I
and my four sons will go.”
Mr Rposevelt would not discuss the
country’s foreign situation further,
preferring to wait for developments.
He had an extended conference late
in the afternoon with Henry D. Stim
son, former secretary of war, concern
ing the formation of the volunteer
division. Mr Stimson would act as
commissary-general of the organiza
tion. Several thousand men have at
various times communicated with
Regis H. Post, who has acted for Mt
Roosevelt in this connection, offer
ing their services under his command,
and he was flooded with telegrams
yesterday. Among the men who have
informed him they would accept com
missions under him are Col Groome ot
the Pennsylvania state constabularv,
John Greenway of Bisbee, Ariz., Seth
Bullock of Deadwood. Rock Ohanning
of Denver and David Goodrich of New
York.
HUGHES BACKS WILSON
Tells Brown Alumni Every Loyal
American Should Stand Behind
Administration
Charles Evans Hughes, who was
guest of honor at the annual dinner
cf the New York alumni of Brown uni
versity in New York Thursday, de
clared every loyal American would
stand behind the administration “in
th'- solemn hour” without a partisan
thought. His declaration brought the
diners to their feet singing the "Star
Spangled Banner.”
“Wo are all Americans to-night,
standing behind our president, on
whom this great responsibility rests,”
said Hughes. “It is not a time to em
barrass in any degree with private ut
terances those charged with this re
sponsibility. They have the facts:
they have the duty to perform. They
have the sincere, loyal co-operation
of every true American. The exigen
cy of no nation can fix the limits of
American rights.
“My friends, in this sober hour we
stand loyal sons of Brown, realiz
ing the privileges of our American
citizenship. It is an hour ot test that
will show what America is made of.
We are desirous that whatever is
done shall be done coolly and delib
erately and in a manner that will
give to every American a sense ot
profound satisfaction by reason of the
wisdom with which the honor and the
rights of our country shall be main
tained. ’’
RIDDER S COMMENT
“President Has Spoken for All the
People”
The New York Staats-Zeltung print
ed Sunday an editorial signed by
Bernard H. Ridder in which he
says:—
“The president has spoken. He has
spoken for the country, for all the
people.
"Regret as we may the trend of
events, it now behooves every Amer
ican to stand squarely behind the
president.
“There can be no more division cf
sentiment, of opinion. There can be
only one loyalty—to the United States
ot America.
"Let us hope that the situation
shall not be aggravated b” any un
toward words or acts, for the deci
sion of the president la binding upon
the people of our country."
GUARD GERMAN CONSULS
State Department Appeals tc Gov
ernors to Protect Kaiser’s Rep
resentatives
Governors of the 20 states and in
land possessions in which Germany
has consular representatives were re
quested by the state department at
Washington Sunday to afford all
protection to them. Department of
ficials explained, says a dispatch from
Washington, that they did iiot/antici
pate that any violence would be of
fered the consuls, but It was thought
wise to guard against the possibility
of demonstrations, especially In the
event of hostilities. Germany’s con
sular representation 1n the United
States. Porto Rico, Hawetl and the
Philippine Islands comprises 84 men
Much land in England will soon be
growing things to Sat which had not
been so vulgarly employed for
A MTiodal Im
to stimulate home gardening.
BLAMES GERMANY
SHE DEFIES JUSTICE
TAFT ON PEACE LEAGUE
Ex-President Says People Are Be
hind President Wilson
and Congress
Former President, Taft prefaced a
prepared speech on "the league to en
force peace at Washington Friday
with a reference to the new German
crisis, declaring that if the United
States were drawn into war Germany
would force it by “her defiance of
plain principles of justice and human
ity which should obtain between civ
ilized nations.” “The responsibility
which now rests on the president and
Congress Is very heavy,” said Mr Taft.
“They should know, and do know,
that the American people will back
them to the end In their decision.
May God give them good deliverance.”
The former president was speaking
before the chamber ot commerce of
the United States, answering partic
ularly criticisms of Theodore Roose
velt, William J. Bryan, Senator Bo
rah of Idaho and others of the league
to enforce peace Idea.
“I had prepared this address,” he
said, “before Germany startled this
country and all neutrals by her last
note. The actual dangers with which
it brings us face to face may seem
to make what I have been discussing
theoretical, tame and inappropriate.
The truth is, however, that this great
crisis only emphasizes the impor
tance ot the purpose and plan of the
league in the future history of this
country.
“Of all things we would avoid war.
We are not prepared for it. Its aw
ful consequences we know from Eu
rope's suffering. Our prayer is for
some escape from it in this critical
hour, if consistent with our national
honor. But we must face the facts.
Germany’s Manifest Weakness
“In spite of her great strength and
marvelous efficiency, Germany’s man
ifest weakness has been In a failure
to understand other peoples and to
appreciate the moral forces working
In them. She may not know the
spirit of the good-natured, tolerant,
war-hating giant she now challenges.
She may overestimate, a« she has done
before In the case of other nations,
the influence of sordid motives, of
the inertia of comfort and dissentient
elements among us which she may ex
pect to paralyze our action. She may
stir an active patriotism in our peo
ple which she does not suspect. She
may shock us into a real preparation
for war and the sacrifice it involves
as nothing else might.
“She may push us at once into a
league to enforce a just peace. She
may force us into an organization of
our potential military strength on the
one hand, and into a moral leader
ship in the maintenance of interna
tional justice on the other. Thence
forth our isolation from the w*ars and
welfare of the rest of th world would
be at an end. When peace Would
come the eyes of the European peo
ple. in spite of warnings of states
men who are looking backward, would
be opened not only to the wisdom,
but to the necessity, of our leading
the nations into a permanent world's
league to enforce peace.”
“With reference to the ability of
our opponents to grasp our proposals
by intuition,” said Mr Taft, “we sub
mit that before they are contemptu
ously rejected, or scattered into bits
by verbal lyddite, they are entitled to
study. Mr Roosevelt, apparently
without reading Its proposals, de
nounced the league as 'feeble folly,’
and as prompted by motives peculiar
ly base because it would enforce the
judgment of courts of arbitration.
Then upon learning that the proposals
do not involve enforcement of judg
ments. he characterizes them as a
'flagrant deception of the public.’ Sen
ator Borah denounces the plan of the
league to be ‘heinous, immoral and vi
cious.’ These are three formidable ad
jectives. of which one would seem ade
quate to carry the argument. The
senator, however, qualifies his words
by disavowing intention to assail in
dividuals. The senator should look to
his laurels in the field of verbal war
fare and slaughter, because such
leniency may exclude him from the
class of epithetlcal statesmen.”
Explains Purpose of League
“The purpose of the league.” Mr
Taft explained. “Is to organize the
world’s strength into an international
police to enforce a procedure with
respect to issues likely to lead to
war, which will prevent all wars but
those which nothing can prevent. The
procedure to be enforced is the sub
mission of questions of a legal nature,
the decision of which must be guided
by rules of law. to an international
court for its judgment, and the sub
mission of all other questions to an
impartial commission to hear and de
cide. its decision to take the form of
a recommendation of compromise
The judgment of the legal question
of the court will be legally and In
honor binding on the parties. That is
implied in a submission to a court.
The recommendation of compromise,
however, is not In law or in honor
binding unless the parties accept It.
The league does not purpose to en
force either. Some time if the league
comes into successful operation, ft
may be thought well to enforce judg
ments just as domestic judgments
are enforced. The difficulty, however,
that even the supreme court of the
United States lias in enforcing Us
judgments against sovereign states
may give pause In taking that step.
The enforcement of recommendations
of compromise presents a still more
serious problem. Nations may well
hesitate to submit questions of policy
and vital interests to the unlimited
discretion of arbitrators, unguided by
settled ; principles of law. for their
final decision, and its enforcement by
the world police.
“Practically if we enforce the pro
cedure of the league we shall take a
step which will rid us of most wars.
If every Issue between nations is
forced to arbitration and judgment or
recommendation of compromise, it will
compel deliberation by those who
think of war, lt> will enable the quar
reling peoples to understand what It
is they are to fight about, and what the
attitude of their opponents Is. The
decision of impartial tribunals can not
but have great Influence, nnd will form
tho public opinion of the world. The
period of delay Itself will abate heat
and Induce calmer views. It Is the
successful practice of arbitration that
leads to Ita adoption. Tho first half
century of our peace with England,
after the treaty of Ghent, was full of
strains upon our peaceful rotations,
culminating In those of the civil war.
Then through the joint high commis
sion of 1871. we had the two arbitra
tions, one of the Alabama claims,
w «” mooted for
’and th'^ flit? fSglv
gave us to know the real utility of
arbitration.
"England did not like the Geneva
award. We did not like th 4 Halifax
award. But we both played the game
according to rule and paid the money.
that wo have had arbitrations
with Canada over many questions,
and now we have a permanent
tribunal for settling disputes over
boundary waters and another for
money claims. The effect of these ar
mtrations has created a habit between
the two countries. No one imagines c
war between the United States and
Canada. If an issue defies negotiation
everyone looks to a peaceful settle
ment. This is because it has been
tried so often and because we have
grown used to winning and losing. a
willingness to arbitrate only when one
is sure of winning is not the spirit
which makes arbitration a useful
means of settling disputes. That is the
trouble with many who oppose agree
ments to arbitrate a class of questions
hereafter to arise. To make arbitra
tion useful, the state of mind of na
tions in regard to arbitration should
be that of the strict and orthodox Puri
tans that one must be willing to be
damned if he would be saved. Prac
tice in arbitrations produces this state
of mind and this confidence in the
method. The league enforces this
practice, the educational effect of
which upon nations in showing the
possibility of such peaceful settlement
of disputes will be invaluable. The
procedure will become as of course,
and the habit of such settlements will
be formed.
Answers Pacifists
“But the pacifists ask why us?
force at all. Why is not a general
agreement by all the world to arbi
trate enough? The belligerent nations
will not regard mere promises an ade
quate guaranty. They will insist on
adding as a sanction the fear of inter
national police. Every domestic com
munity, however law-abiding its citi
zens, provides a police force to sup
press disturbers of the peace. Many
people would never create disturb
ances, but others would do so unless
they knew that police representing
the full power of al! for the com
man good would restrain them. I
don’t see how any pacifist who be
lieves in a police force in a domestic
community can object to the applica
tion of the same principle in com
munity of nations. Nations are not
more moral or peaceable than the
average citizen, and the necessity for
restraint of them to avoid war 'cer
tainly is not less.
"A second reason why the agree
ment to contribute to an international
police force is a great improvement
over a mere general treaty to arbi
trate all differences between all na
tions is that where no force is behind
a treaty as a sanction, no one is
especially Interested in the perform- ,
ance of the treaty except the two na
tions who have a difference.
“Objection is made that the United
States in joining such a league will
violate the advice and example of
Washington and Jefferson as to en
tangling alliances. Neither had a con
ception of the plan ot a world league
or of the present conditions making
It wise and necessary. I agree thai
the league will be a change of policy
heretofore maintained by uc, but it
will be a change by enlargement and
growth to meet new exigencies and
not a departure in principle.
WIH Strengthen Monroe Doctrine
“The league, Instead of being an
abandonment of the Monroe doctrine,
will aid in, its maintenance because
violations ot the Monroe doctrine .be
ginning with threatened hostilities by
a European or Asiatic power against
one of the American republics would
be halted by the league with an ex
amination of the ground of ntMn reLby
a court or commission, ■ »
“The success of the Monroe doctrine
tor now 93 years without firing a
shot shows the effect of a threat-of
force upon the conduct of the world
without the necessity of Its exercise.
The great power of the league of the
world and the international police
would afford for the maintenance of
its policies a far greater sanction. -
“Then It is said that the league is
unconstitutional, in that it will turn
ever to a council of representatives of
all the world the power to plunge us
into war, whereas the constitution
vesta Congress alone with the power
to declare. This is a misconception.
We enter into the treaty through the
treaty-making power of the president
and the Senate. Tho treaty binds us
in a certain event to contribute -our
share to a world police force and thus
help to restrain or suppress the be
ginning of war in violation of the
terms of the league. Our nation must
perform this obligation In the way
enjoined by the constitution.”
'The president of the United State's
recently made a most notable speech
to the Senate on the subject of the wav.,
and the making of peace and the guar -
anties of peace after the war; and the
question arises what shall be the atti
tuaeof the league in respect to his dec
larations? The league has consistent
ly refused to take any part in move
nients looking to the ending of the
war. not because its members were pot
interested in the bringing of tha'
struggle to an end, but because they
believed it was the wisest course. In
order to accomplish its ultimate pur
pose. not to have to do with the Issues
necessarily involved in dlScusWnq
peace. They felt that they might se
cure support for their project from
many who differed as to the character
of the peace to be made.
“The league does, however, com
mend in the highest degree the ad
vanced and courageous and patriotic
position that the president has taken
in urging that the United States lead
in forming a world league to enforce
peace In the interest of mankind.”
FOR CONSCRIPTION
Mr Taft Tells Brooklyn Audience
People Would Not Object to Com
pulsion in Present Emergency
Conscription to build up an army
for the country’s defense "qow
the war is on us” and for the future
as well was advocated Sunday by
former President William H. Taft in
an address on the league to enforce
peace before the Brooklyn institute,
of arts and sciences. “Stirred as the
people are by enthusiasm” at the
break with Germany, they would sup
port a conscription measure. Mr Taft
believed, not only to meet the present
situation “but for the future after the
war shall end.”
Until now, he said, conscription has
been of “doubtful expediency” be
cause popular opposition might have
halted all plans for reasonable pre
paredness. "Now the war is upon us.
however." he continued, “now that
the people see the necessity, why
should we not take advantage of this
state of public mind and do wbat jus
tlce and real democracy require’
Military duty Is part ot every citizen’s
duty. In this country. In the happy
homes ot prosperity. I fear many of
the people have lost the vital gens'*
of their obligations Io tho govern
ment.
“Very little ccrvlcn cf any kind has
been exacted from the great body ot
tho people. Conscription is needed to
discipline our native young men and
to teach them respect for authority.
It is needed to teach our milllom of
newly-created citizens loyalty. Stirred
as they are by enthusiasm, spurred as
they are by immediate necessity, they,
would support Congress in enacting n‘
^(Toniinnrtil on Eieven^iS~3 —
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