Springfield weekly Republican. [volume], November 21, 1918, Page 11, Image 11

About Springfield weekly Republican. [volume] (Springfield, Mass.) 1851-1946

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FfARM and GARDEN
tOUNTY LEAGUE DATA
LA RECONSTRUCTION TASK
' MAKING farms for soldiers
Warmers, Wishing to Dispose of
Property, Should Consult
the League
One of the most important after
the-war reconstruction tasks which
confronts the Hampden county im
provement league is In backing up the
program of Secretary Lane to provide
opportunities for the returning soldiers
to go into farming. The big national
program will work out plans whereby
14nd now partially unproductive can
be provided for the returning soldiers
on easy terms. The problem in New
England is to get them on the farms
Which are now producing little or
nothing beyond the immediate support
of the farmer and his family.
In preparation for the big work of
the next few years the agricultural ad
viser of the league desires to get in
touch with every farm owner who de
sires to sell his farm. This does not
mean that he wishes to spend time
on every property owner who would
like to sell his farm at a high price,
but that every farmer who sincerely
Wants to sell for some good reason
and who will accept a reasonable price
should be listed in the reconstruction
records.
It is especially desirable that the
present owners of the farms should
be .willing to take small second mort
gages on the properties, as it is real
ised that few of the returning soldiers
will have the means to purchase farms
outright. The federal land bank is
heartily in accord with the plans and
will go the limit in making it possible
-tor the returned soldiers to secure
farms. The hank will hold the first
Inortgages and so far as possible it is
desirable that the present owners
Should take a second mortgage for the
remainder. If they are selling their
farms at a reasonable price the securi
ty will be sufficient.
While it is hoped that many farm
ers will be patriotic and far sighted
enough to assume the second
mortgages, it is probable that some
Other way will be found to finance
the prospective farmers where this
Coarse is not possible. Just how this
will be worked our is not certain yet,
but big forces are back of the move
ment to get returned soldiers on the
forms and the financial problem w.il
be s Jved satisfactorily.
The question of whether any con
siderable number of soldiers will tvant
to go on to farms will be answered
long before they return through the
response to the school of practical
agriculture which President Kenyon
h. Butterfield of the Massachusetts
agrku’tura! college will establish in
the camps abroad. It is believed that
from 660,000 to SOO <OO of the sol
diers wil avail themseives of this op
portunity to secure a Practical agri
cultural education while waiting to be
■ent h< me and that a considerable
number of them will be glad of an
Opportunity to secure a farm on their
return. While the plan contemplates
placing only able-bodied men on these
farms, it is probable that many a
man whose nerves have been all but
wrecked by the war and who is other
wise physically fit. will be glad of an
opportunity to recuperate his strength
and nerves under country living con
lltions.
The agricultural adviser of the
league urges all farmers who really
wish to sell their farms to send in
I to him a statement of the location,
acres of tillable land, buildings, price,
•tc. These farms will be cataloged in
the league office so that the agricul
tural adviser may be in a position to
act quickly when the big plan is put
into effect.
Increasing the Potato Yield
Agricultural leaders in various parte
of Massachusetts have set themselves
to the important task of raising the
average yield of potatoes in their re
■pectlve sections through a campaign
of education as to methods of reduc
ing losses from d senses of various
kinds. Hampden county is a good po
tato section and, on the whole, farm
ers here are raising the crop success
fully. There is room for a big im
provement, however.
A survey of a large number of
fields this year indicates that the
greater part of the loss is due direct •
ly to degenerate seed. The most suc
cessful potato growers recognize that
northern grown seed is decidedly bet
ter and even go so far as to bring in
■eed from the cooler potato-growing
regions every year. Others secure
Maine-grown seed one year and plant
from the resulting crop the second
securing fresh seed from Maine on the
third year. Experience has shown
that Maine-grown seed should be se
cured every year. There is practically
t»o difference in the cost, but the dif
ference in the crop is decided. The
theory of the superiority of northern
grown seed Is that the cooler weather
tends to keep the potato in vigorous
Condition and that the warmer sum
mers in this region tend to make it
degenerate in strength and produc
tiveness, also In its ability to resist
One of the newer diseases of pota
ties Is Mosaic, which has become es
pecially bad on Green Mountain pota
toes here and elsewhere. This diseaa-t
where present, decreases the crop
hy about 50 per cent. Not all the
hills are affected, but a survey of con
ditions this year indicated that a*
least 20 per cent of the hills wer*
affected with Mosaic on th« average
Th's would make an actual decrees"
of 10 per cent or a loss of about SSO
tn acre In value of the crop.
Farm Help
The agricultural adviser of th ■
league has frequent calls to supply
farmers with help: less frequently he
has applications from men who desfio
work. As the pressure of war needs
slackens it is probable that more and
more men will be seeking farm em
ployment. Any farmer desiring help
should send in his name and needs to
C. J. Grant county agent.
“Soap kitchen for Holyoke’’
Popularity, expressed in unmistak
able terms, came to the latest ventnie
of the home-making department, 'he
•'soup kitchen.” which was started
Frfdav la the William Whiting school
|n Holyoke. It was started mainly
for the children in the school, md
there was no question about the lirst
fish chowder meeting with hearty ap
proval. The children ate all there
was, scraped the bowl cleaned and
would have cleaned up another sup
ply with equal celerity.
Mist* Alta Emerson, conservation
leader for Holyoke, had made plans
on what she considered an ample scale
for an expsrlment. but the children
v^set all calculation*. The first dish
of soup was scheduled to be passed
out at 11.45 o’clock, but at 10.30 me
boy was waiting at the door with a
big pitcher. He wanted a quart of
soup to take home for the family din
ner and. being a wise youngster, n
tended to get there before the rush
started. Another significant sign of
the way the soup plan took was that
children from four other schools came
to the William Whiting school after
supplies of soup.
Childish popularity, however, can
not make the plan a success, and the
loaders will watch with great inter
est the development of the coming
week. The soup kitchen is not a
charitable project, for every child is to
pay for his soup, as well as for any
that he takes home to the family.
It was to be sold at cost, and the
initial price is a popular one. nickel
for a big bowl of soup with a bread
and butter sandwich thrown in. The
soup and the sandwich make a satis
fying and nourishing meal for the
children.
The chief reason for starting the
soup kitchen was the fact that so
many of the children came to school
with nickels instead of lunch boxes.
Their mothers work in the mills and
find it easier to give the children mon
ey than to put up luncheons. So the
little folks spend their nickels on jelly
doughnuts and other things equally
unfit for the mainstay of a school
luncheon. The result is a decided low
ering of vitality and consequent poor
work in school. The school physician
approved heartily of the plan as it was
evident from the condition of many
of the children that they are under
nourished.
The soup kitchen was put into effect
with the celerity which is characteris
tic of all that the Holyoke women
undertake in the way of good works.
Mrs W. G. Dwight suggested the
plan at a committee meeting on
Thursday of the previous week and
immediate steps were taken to put it
into effect. The principal of the
school, Miss Esther Greeley, tell in
with the plan at once and worked
hard to make it a success in its
initial stages. More than anyone
else connected with the school, she
realizes the troubles which come from
school children trying to study on
jelly doughnuts and the like.
Other friends and public-spirited cit
izens helped greatly in putting the
plan into effect. The school board
gate the use of the basement, E, A.
Archambault furnished four gas stoves
and other equipment, the board of
public works connected the stoves and
set all the necessary plumbing and the
park commissioners sent In a good
supply of settees. The school depart
ment bought a supply of bowls an-1
spoons and the conservation commit
tee furnished the other necessities
for an immediate start.
On the opening day 74 children
came down for their bowls of soup and
sandwiches. Many more came down,
but the supply of soup gave out before
all were served. The conservation
leaders realized what a hungry crowd
spent their days in the school and
plans were made for double the supply
to-day. Future plans will be based on
the demands to-day. Judging by the
remarks of those who scraped the
howls clean the soup will be advertised
widely.
The plan of the soup kitchen goes
a little farther than simply furnishing
a hot dish for a hundred or more
children. It Is realized that in many
a home the mother does not get out
from the mill in time to prepare any
thing for the family supper and that
whatever comes handy and within the
reach of the fam’lv pocketbook is
served. Without trying to furnish a
full meal for such a family, the lead
ers wish to add greatly to Its nourish
ing value by selling well-made soups
at cost. At present the soop Is sold
”t W cents a quart. On the open
ing day 10 quarts weho sold. The
demand for family use this week will
b e watched with interest.
FLOWERS FOR WINTER
Narcissus and Hyacinths for
Blcbnir-" in the Cpming Months
Should Be Potted Now
Now is the t'me to prepare to have
blooming bulbous plants in the house
during the winter. Hyacinths and the
various narcissi are especially satis
factory for this purpose. These bulbs
are likely to be scarce and high this
year, but a few for home decoration
v.’ ten the ground Is white with snow
will repay some expense and effort.
The essentials for growing bulbs in
doors are that they shall become
thoroughly rooted before the tops are
permitted to grow. This is done by
planting |he bulbs in suitable soil,
either in pots or what florists know ns
"pans,” walch are shal’ow pots, or in
boxes. The soli should be light, but
retentive of moisture. A rich, light
garden soil is excellent. a heavy
garden soil may be used if mixed with
an equal amount .of sand or with
connl parts sand and woods earth.
The planted bulbs then are placed
in a cool place in the dark for a pe
riod of two to six or eight weeks. ”r
even longer if desired. They shou'd
be left there unt'l the roots'are welj
started. Tn the case of bulbs planted
in pots, the pots may be inverted and
gently tapped, when the bulb and soil
will come out in a mass. When the
bulbs have been sufficiently long m
the pots the earth in the bottom of
the pot will be complete'v covered
with rootlets. The bulbs should then
he brought into a slightly warmer
place with some light for three or
four days and then gradually brought
into greater warmth and full light.
During all the period of growth the
ground should be kept moist without
being water-soaked.
Narcissus takes about five weeks 'o
dcvelon from the time it is brought
into full light. Hyacinths take a
longer time, and tulips about the
same time as hyacinths. The Romon
hyacinths come in a little less time,
while the paper white narcissus takes
only about four weeks. It Is hard to
hold the paper white narcissus for
late winter. Hyacinths are hard to
bring into bloom before February.
The various forms of the yellow nar
cissus can be brought Into bloom from
December until the time for outdoor
blooms hv starting the bulbs-early
in the fall and bringing them Into
the light at Intervals of a week or 10
days. For the earliest bloom it Is
desirable to get the bulbs started as
soon as the first of October, and nd
of the bulbs should be planted before
the middle of November.
Tulips are difficult to get to flower,
but it may be done by February w
March hy special enre and attentio n
It is best to place the nots or pans
in a box and cover the whole pot who
at least two Inches of additional so l
or ashes, and leave them there until
the bud has pushed clear above the
pot. otherwise the bloom will Io
strangled In attempting to get out of
the bulbs.
Muy He Burled In Open Ground
Instead Of placing In the cellar, the
pots and boxes containing all these
bulbs may be burled in the open
ground, the receptacles being covered
with at least four Inches of soil. If
the ground Is apt to freeze hard, lb n
a heavy coating of manure should 4 c
added as soon as the first crust freezes
over the bulbs. This layer of manure
will prevent their freezing and will
permit the bulbs to be removed *o
the house from time to time us
needed.
Hyacinths, paper white narcissus,
and especially the Chinese sacred i'ly.
ate frequently grown in water. Spe-
THE SPRINGFIELD WEEKLY REPUBLICAN: THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1918
cliil glasses for these bulbs may be
bought, in which they may be suc
cessfully grown, or they may ce
placed In any attractive dish and sup
ported by pebbles. The water should
be kept so that it touches the bot
tom of the bulb.
RHODE ISLAND REDS LEAD
Three of Last Week's Winning
Pen Again Score in Storr Con
test
From Our Special Correspondent
STORRS, Ct„ Friday, November 15
STORRS. Ct., November 15
Three of the pens which were men
tioned In the leading five during the
first week of the laying contest at
Storrs also figured among the win
ners during the second week. A pen
cf Rhode Island Reds from Laurel
Hill farm. Bridgeton, R. 1., again
won first place with a production of
31 eggs. A pen of white Wyandottes
belonging to Obed G. Knight of
Bridgeton, R. 1., duplicated its per
foi mance of the previous week bv
tying for second place With a pen
of white Leghorns belonging to D.
Tauered of Kent. Wash., each pen
1 reducing 28 eggs. Third place for
the week was won by a pen of white
Leghorns from the William L. Gil
bert home at Winsted, Ct., with a
yield of 27 eggs. O. L. Magray's
white Wyandottes from Middlebury,
Ct . were again in fourth place with
a p-oduction of 24 eggs. The 'otal
yield for all pens amounted to 761
eggs, or at the rate of 10 per cent.
A fact of special interest is that whi'o
Plymouth Rock No 192. belonging to
H. A. Willis of Hollis. N. H.. which
wds" the cnly pullet to lay seven eggs
during the first week, was able to do
the same thing in the second week.
In other worts, this bird has laid
every day sint e coming to Storrs.
It is perhaps reasonable to suppose
that after sending birds to the laying
contest for two or three years a poul
tryman should become more or less
expert at picking out those individu
als which Will lay better than the av
erage, Tabulated results on the sev
enth contest which closed two weeks
ago. Indicate that within certain lim
its this is true The 45 pens whose
owners were entering birds for the
first time averaged to lay 1583 eggs
for the year, 23 pens whose owners
were entering pens for the second
time averaged to lay 1605, and 16
yens whose owners were entering 'or
the third time averaged to lay 1609.
The smaller number of pens entered
by men who had been in three or four
previous ontests does not warrant
attempting to draw any conclusions
from their averages. Other things
being equal, however, it seems rair
to assume that an old contestant -vin
on the average select birds making
a slightly higher record for the year.
NATIONS T 9 CO-OPERATE
Agricultural Leaders of United
States, England, France, Italy
and Belgium to Confer
Measures to promote close, agricul
tural co-operation betwean the
United States, Englund. France, Italy
and Be gium, during the peace recon
struction era, are tinder consideration
by the government of there nations.
It waa said last week at Washington
that to work out effective plans, an
International congress of agricultural
leaders, including both belligerent and
neutral nations, may be held simul
taneously with the peace conference.
The ge .1 idea under discussion
contemplates assigning to each coun
try or geographical dis.rict, the task
ot specializing in a particular kind of
food production it can do best, and
to e iminate the theory that each na
tion should be self-sufficient tor pro
duction of all the food or other agri
cultural materials it needs. This
would be sitnilar to the international
pooling of industrial facilities an!
raw materials supply.
Regardless of the success of thia
proposed . lan. it is certain that tt e
mendous assistance will be needed
from the United States immediately
for agricultural reconstruction of Bel
gium and northern France. Through
the removal of industrial restrictions
on manufacture ot agricultural ma
chinery and tractors, now ordered by
the tvar industries board, the govern
ment nlans to stimulate the produc
t‘on of these articles for export to
Europe. Quantities of mneh'nery for
sugar mills, flour mills, canning fac
tories and other food product Plants
n>so will be resulted from the United
States, qnd it Is probable that the al
lied governments Will undertake »o
regulate the distribution of this enuip
ment in Europe as well ns the Inter
change and replenishment of live
stock and seed supplies tn the war
dlsturbofi countries.
President Wilson Food /dniinlK
trator Hoover and Secretary Houston
now have ‘hese questions under dis
cussion.
WHEN CONTROL WILL END
Ey War Agencies Created for the
Emergency — Food and Fuel
Administrations End When
Peace Is Proclaimed
How carefully Congress had pro
vided for the dissolution of the great
American war machine with the com
ing of peace was einphaslzed last
week by Senator Martin, democratic
leader, in a prepared summary.
The expansion of fignting forces,
of course, ends with the proclamation
of peace, he pointed out. and the col
lateral agencies are limited as fol
lows : —
Control of railroads —21 months.
Control of telegraph and telephone
lines —during the war.
Food and fuel control—when state
of war ended and proclaimed.
Espionage act —end of the war.
War trade board and export control
- end of the war.
War finance corporation — six
months after the war. with further
time for liquidation.
Capital issues committee - six
months after the war.
Reorganization of government bu
reaus under the Overman law —six
months after the war.
Allen property custodian end jf
the war. with extension of time for
certain duties.
Government operation of ships—
five years after the war.
Aircraft board —six months after
the war.
Agricultural stimulation—end of
the present emergency.
Housing construction—end of the
war except for shipbuilders.
Labor employment—during the
emergency.
Minerals stimulation as soon as
possible after proclamation of peace
Senator Martin also pointed out that
appropriations and increased person
nel for aircraft were limited to "’the
present emergency.” and that au
thority of the president under the
emergency shipping fund creat 'd June
15. ItHT. ended six months after the
proclamation of peace.
LESSONS IN PACKING
DEVELOPED DURING WAR
SAVING IN TRANSPORTATION
Immediate Benefit to Shippers Is
Seen in Improved Methods
Advanced
From Our Special Correspondent
WASHINGTON. D. C., Sat.. Nov. 16
It seems as though the army, out
of its experience in the recent great
war, will give a valuable lesson or
so to seekers for foreign trade. A
contribution certainly appears to be
at hand from that quarter in the pro
saic, but none the less essential, mat
ter of packing. Very excellent ideas,
indeed a very thorough and detailed
system, has been developed in the
transportation of enormous quantities
of supplies to our troops in Europe.
All these have not only been reduced
to careful diagrams and specifications,
but are wed also to be sufficiently
.economical to merit commercial at
tention.
Capt H. R. Moody, as chief of the
packing service branch, purchase stor
age division of the general staff, has
had charge of this work. He was an
expert at overseas packing in New
York befo-e the war. and was
l rought to Washington by the gen
eral staff when it became evident that
the quartermaster department of the
army had great transportation tasks
ahead. Capt Moody has apparently
developed packing methods far be
yond anything hitherto known in the
American army. He believes that good
packing and the consequent utiliza
tion of shipping space to the utmost
£ ccount in no small measure for toe
success of army authorities in get
ting adequate supplies to our soldiers.
Now that the war is over, Capt
Moody has undertaken to disseminate
as widely as be can in commercial
and trade circles the information the
army has gained about good packing.
He has undertaken to co-operate with
the bureau of foreign and domestic
commerce. He invites persons in
terested in the export trade of the
United States to communicate with
his office in this city. Detailed speci
fications for making many kinds of
containers will be furnished. Capt
Moody is very certain a great deal
of experience the quartermaster's de
partment gained in rushing hundreds
of thousands of tons of food, cloth
ing and equipment wi’l be exceeding
ly useful to those engaged in foreign
trade.
Shipments of Clothing
One concrete example is found in
the shipment of clothing, such as
overcoats, uniforms, underwear, trbd
covers, cot covers and -so on through
a long category. These were net
shipped in boxes, but in bales, a
standard size for which Was 30 by 15 by 15
Take the shipments of light woolen
socks. The standard bale comprised
,600 pairs. The packing was with a
power compressor. The bale was
bound with fcUr bands of iron, and
covered with burlap and waterproof
paper. Incidentally this size of bale
required a burlap wrapping, that
could be reclaimed, after the trail bad
been put down in France, and made
into 10 sandbags. This method of
baling, however, saved 60 per cent
of the space that socks required under
the old method of shipping.
"Freight costs are based much”
said Cipt Mody, ”cn the volume of
space required both in cars to the
seaboard and In ships. This way of
baling can be applied to a great
variety of goods and shipment in per
fect condition is assured. One can put
300 bath towels in the same size
bale, or 4SO Denham hats. The bales
are subjected to a pressure of 15 tons
cn regular presses, that require a
crew of four men and make four
bales at cne operation. A press will
turn out 300 bales in a day.
"We have a six-story plant in New
York, a concrete building, that turns
out 6000 bales a. day. There is an
other plant in the quartermaster de
pot at Cambridge. Mass. These presses
have all been perfected since the war
began. They enable shippers to save
from -to to 300 per cent of space over
the old way. This saving should
make It possible for our business men
to compete more efficiently for for
eign tr-ide.”
Other Methods of Packing
Doling is only one of many im-
I’•oved army methods for furthering
shipment of supplies. The quarter
master department has a very inter
esting process for making ail kinds
of crates to contain great varieties
m commodities from pins to automo
biles. It has a system for shippng
live ton automobile trucks, by which
a vehicle occupying 100(1 cubic feet of
space is put into a crate occupying but
tOS cubic feet. There are detailed in
structions. not only for malting the
crate but for packing the trucks and
for putting them together. These are
so explicit that Capt Moody says any
man who can run an automobile truck
can take it out of one of the army
mates and assemble the various parts.
This method of crating automobiles
promises to be of use to manufactur
ers in the United States. The bureau
of commerce anticipates a large and
growing foreign trade In American
automobiles, especially the low-prim J
mokes. Capt Moody's bureau like
wise has ingenious ways of packing
automobiles on flat cars and into box
cars. The army has been putting
three trucks on a freight car. where
heretofore only one could be shipped.
Five pleasure cars can be transported
In the space usually taken by two or
three. Certain of these processes are
patented but have been put at the
I disposal of the government and are
said to be available for private
shippers.
The army makes crates for rollin’
kitchens, among a thousand oth. r
articles. The materials and blue
prints for the manufacture, are pro
vided to the very last detail. The
center of gravity is required to be
indicated on crates for particular arti
cles. Sling lines are marked on the
crates, all o’ which facilitates handlin’
both on freight ears and into and out
of the hold of a ship.
A Field for Private Manufacture
The fact that the army has develop
ed between 3(10 and 400 different kinds
of crates demonstrates the possi
bilities for private manufacturers
While the first cost of a crate might
Ite very high, when a manufacturer
has a standard article, it is worth ht.<
while also to have a standard crate.
The boxing and crating specifications
Of the war department, which sp< t
fleations It will not be difficult or
any manufacturer to obtain, are cer
tain to supply him with a deal of use
ful information. Very likely he will
find there described a box or crate
well adapted to his own use. or one
that could e islly be modified.
A’l these speelficatl ns have been
tested during extensive shipiments to
France during the last year. They
have stood the stress of army con
dition ; . which should Insure niloqu.it
so < ■ port trade.
Uno doe» not readily exhaust the
var.ety of containers that the army
supplies. Detailed specifications as to
materials and manufacture have been
printed and made available. Boxes for
many kinds of canned goods are
described to the very last cleat and
nail. Such features as lock corner con
struction are carefully described, so
that any mechanic of average intel
ligence should be able to understand.
Solid fiber containers, corrugated fiber
containers, in short every kind of
container likely to be required in the
export trade, is covered in the army
specifications.
While every process and method fol
lowed by the army may not be ap
plicable in private enterprise, very
much of the army's experience should
be applicable to the needs of shippers
in the export trade. The wide range
of supplies furnished to an army in
the field covers about all that the
human being in foreign fields can re
quire from the manufacturers and
shippers in the United States in times
of prefound peace.
PAN-AMERICAN LABOR
CONFERENCE AT LAREDO
Report Urging Organization am"
Education of Mexicans Basis
, of Discussions
The Pan-American labor conference
was organized at Laredo, Tex., Thurs
day, tbs first definite step toward
the establishment of industrial soli
darity throughout the western
hemisphere. Preliminary meetings
Wednesday pointed out to the dele
gates, who represent the United
States, Mexico and some of the cen
tral and American countries, the vital
part the new army of labor would in
sure in the re-establishment of peace
ful prosperity after the war. Secretary
of Labor William B. Wilson, who
greeted the visitors in the name of
the president of the United states and
urged the importance of labor organi
zations. left Wednesday night tor
Washington. Samuel Gompevs, pres
ident ot the American federation of
labor. Frank Morrison, secretary of
the federation, and the executive
council of that orgnn'zntion. took lead
ing parts Thursday in rhe work of
the conference.
American Labor’s Proposal
Mr Gompers Thursday made known
the urogram which organized labor in
America wishes to ba embraced in
tlie international peace treaty. A
resolution embracing five fundamental
irlnclples and seven secondary planks
was introduced by Mr Gompers be
fore the conference.
The labor peace plan declares
against reprisals for the purpose of
punishment, but makes no mention
of indemnities. It asks establishment
of order by a league of free peoples
of the world banded together to se
cure justice and neace In relations
between nations. The welfare of the
people affected, the resolution de
clares. must be the sole factor in
determining changes and adjustments
in power. An international eight
hour and child labor law are two of
th' results organized labor wishes to
sec come out of the war. Denial of
shipping facilities to goods manufac
tured by children under Hi years was
suggested.. The resolution says: —
Whereas, we. the delegates of the first
Pan-American federation of labor conven
tion. meeting at such a critical time in
the world's history, realizing that the
preb eats now confronting humanity In
toe Imllltlng of an enduring peace are no
less acute than the problems "f war. mid
being deeply anil fervently deslrons that
In the reshaping of the world's affairs,
the most critical consideration be given
those principles that make for an en
during pence, and create eqnality of op
portunity for the peoples of all nations,
and
Whereas, the time tins arrived when the
organized labor movement with full un
derstanding of Its rights. Its power and
icsonrces. Its value and contribution to
society must bring forward Its most pro
found constructive thought, ca'euinted to
establish and insure the principles of true
democracy: tltereefore be it
Resolved. Tlmt we declare that the fol
lowing essential fundamental principles
must underlie the peace as well as the
principles of all civilized nations. A
league of the free peoples of the world
in a common covenant for genuine and
practical co-operation to secure justice
and therefore peiee In relations between
nations: no political or economic restric
tions meant simply io benefit some of
the nations and to cripple or embarrass
others: no reprisals based on vindictive
purpose, or deliberate desire to injure,
but to right manifest wrongs; recogni
tion of rights of small nations and of
Ihe principle that no people must bo
forced under a sovereignty under which
it does not wish to live: no territorial
ibangesor adjustments of powers except
Hi futherance of the welfare of the people
affected and In furtherance of world
pence; and be it further
Vital Importance to Wage Harners
Resolved, Tlmt in addition to these basic
principles, there should be incorporated
In the treaty which shall constitute the
guide of not'lons of the new period mid
conditions into which we are entering,
the following declarations fundamental
to the best iuterests of all nations and
of vital importance to wage earners.
That In law and in practice the princi
ple shall be recognized tlmt the labor of
human beings is not a commodity or arti
cle of commerce.
Industrial senltude shall not exist ex
cept as a punishment for crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted.
The right of tree association, free as
semblage. free speech and free press
shall not be abridged.
That the seamen of the merchant ma
rlue shall be guaranteed the right of
leaving their vessels when the same are
safe tn harlmr.
Xo article of commodity shall be
shipped or delivered in international com
nicrce In the production of which chil
dren under the age of 1G years have been
employed or permitted to work.
It shall bo declared that the basic worn
day In Industry and commerce shall uot
exceed eight hours a day.
Trial by jury should be established.
Resolutions embracing suggestions ns
to the machinery to be adopted In per
fecting an international organization were
submitted bv delegates from Mexico and
the South nnd Central American conn
tries.. They will be reported to the con
ference today.
CHAIRMAN WALSH OUT
Recigns ox Jl'scunt of Pressure of
Private Business—ln Full Sym
pathy With President
Frank P. AValsh. joint chairman
with William H. Taft on the nation
a' war labor board Tuesday sent
Ills resignation to President Wilsc
with the explanation that profession
al engagements required his return to
his law pract’ce at the earliest pos
sible moment.
In case of the acceptance of Mr
Walsh's resgimtion William Har
mon Black, at present alternate hv
Mr Walsh, automatically becomes
joint chairman of the board, unless
a successor is appointed by the pres
ident. Mr Black is a former assist
ant district attorney of New York
city.
Mr Walsh's letter to the president
says:—
"Your confidence In n>e and many
acts of kindness during my service
on the board 1 appreciate beyond ex
pression, although my resnect nn-1
ai tnirnt' it for you peratnMly as w.’ l
as my devotion to all of the things
wl Ich you represent could not have
been enhanced.”
The letter concludes with a sincere
wish for a safe journey and the win
rung of the world to "your splendid
Ideas.”
A resolution was passed by the
board and sent to the secretary of
labor and to President Wilson last
week, under the signature of Chair
man Taft and Vice-Chairman Black
arking that members be relieved from
their duties with the board at the ear
liest possible moment. A statement
of the president’s plan for the board’s
future Ie expected soon.
FOOD NOW ON WAY
Two Hundred Thousand Tons for
Relief of France, Belgium and
Austria
Ships carrying 200,000 tons of food
for the populations ot northern
I rance, Belgium and Austria noware
on the way to Europe. They are pro
ceeding under sealed orders to Gibral
tar and Bristol channel ports, and on
arrival will await word from Food
Administrator Hoover as to their
final destinations. Those going to
Gibraltar are expected to proceed to
Adriatic and Mediterranean ports and
the others to French and Belgian
ports.
One ot the last acts of Mr Hoover
before sailing last Saturday for Eu
repe was to appoint a special ship
ping committee, headed by Theodore
Whitemarsh of the food administra
tion. to co-operate with the shipping
board and the commission for relief
in Belgium, in facilitating the ship
ment of food to the demoralized
civilian populations In the countries
devastated by war.
Preparations to ship at an earlv
date approximately 250.000 tons of
feedstuffs from the United States for
<he relief ot the civilian population of
Austria are under way. It is learned
at New York.
The food will be shipped in vessels
under control of the United States
shipping board and will be distributed
by the organization ot the commis
sion for relief in Belgium. The ves
sels will sail from American ports for
Trieste.
WHEAT AND SUGAR
Flour Substitute Regulations Sus
pended—Sugar Rule Holds Ex
cept for Sugar-Raising Regions
Regulations requiring householders
and bakers to buy 20 per cent of sub
stitutes with each purchase of wheat
flour were withdrawn last week by
the food administration, effective im
mediately. Substitutes already bought
and for which millers, dealers or
bakers do not find a ready sale will be
bought by the grain corporation of
the food administration under plans
now being formulated. The coarser
grains now being used as flour sub
stitutes will be placed on the market
as animal feeds, of which there is a
shortage.
Although wheat bread may now ap
pear on the American table without
restriction, the food administration
announced it will continue to advocate
conservation in the use of flour.
The relaxation of wheat regula
tions. which have been in effect in
various forms since last January 28.
was ascribed directly in a statement
issued by the food administration last
night to the military armistice. .It
was pointed out that the Mediter
ranean sea is now safe for commer
cial transport and that the European
nations can draw ag.-in on the large
wheat supplies in India and Australia.
With cargo ships released from mili
tary service it was said it also will
be possible to tap accumulated sup
plies in the Argentine.
Increase in the beet sugar produc
ing states and In the cane producing
territory of Louisiana, of the house
hold sugar allotments from three
pounds to four pounds monthly per
capita, was ordered list week by the
food administration effective Decem
ber 1. At the same time public eat
ing places In th”se sections will be
permitted to increase their consump
tion from three pounds to four pounds
for every 90 meals served.
For the remainder ot the country,
it was stated, the allotments of three
pounds mon'hly per capita for house
holds and thr»e pounds per DO meals
for public eating places will be con
tinued for the present, at least.
The increase for sugar producing
slates was granted, the food adminis
tration announced, because of the
lack of cargo space for overseas ship
ment together with insufficient stor
age facilities in this country.
TELEGRAPH RATES CUT
1 —
Night Bates Will 1 Be Only 50
Cents to Pacific Coast
Reduction in telegraph rates on
night messages, which would cut the
minimum toll from $1 to J 6 cents
between Atlantic and Fac/fic coast
states was ordered Tuesday by
Fostmaster-General Burleson, effec
tive January 1 next. Such messages
are subject to delivery by post-office
carriers.
The minimum cost on night mes
sage telegrams will be 20 cents for
10 words and one cent for each addi
tional word for the shortest dis
tances. and 50 cents, with two cents
for each additional word, for the
longest distance. Where the day rate
is sl. the night rate will be 50 cents.
The rates on ordinary telegrams,
though sent at night, and on night
letters, are not affected by the order.
After December hole’s, apartment
houses, clubs and similar es’ablish
ments. under an order yesterday by
Postmaster-General Burleson, will not
be permitted to charge guests, ten
ants or members a higher rate for i-'-
'-•tl telephone calls than that charged
for service at public pay s ations in
the sime exchange. Thore have been
00-nplaints from many cities that ho
le’a and apartment houses charged 10
cents for outgoing local calls .when
e pay station rate was five cents.
RATES CN RAILROADS
No Reduction in Wages or Ma
terial Lowering of Freight or
Passenger Tariffs Planned
The railroad administration plans
no reduction in railroad employes’
wages under peace conditions and like
wise no material lowering of freight
and passenger rates, it was stated au
tl oritatively at Washington last week
Both are likely to renm n at their
present levels, although there may be
many readjustments during the
period of changing the nation front
war to peace.
Even with recent advances, railroad
wove, now are not ns high as those
paid for similar service in war indus
tries. It was declared, and con
sequently railroad administration of
ficials feel that n > war bonus should
be taken off the wages of railroad
employes. Events of the past week
have enured a prnrKMineed movement
ot men Ircm war Ind'is'r et to the r.Jl
loads, where they are insured greater
permanency of employment, officials'
said. Many of the.se, particularly labor
ers. will be given work on the rail
roads' delayed program of Improve
ments. which have been held up main
ly because of lack of labor.
Director-General McAdoo’ has de
clared that he would lower rates as
soon as it was determined revenues
would be sufficient to pay wage in
creases and the higher cost of ma
terials. supplies and other transporta
tion elements. It w u s explained last
week, however, that the time when
this would be possible was not yet
in sight.
TAKES OVER EXPRESS
President’s Proclamation Clarifies
the Situation—Rates to Be
Higher
President Wilson Saturday issued
a proclamation taking over the con
solidated express business now carried
on by the American ail way express
company and assigning the operation
to Director-General McAdoo.
This action serves to clarify the ex
press situation, which heretofore has
been based on the understanding that
the express combination operated pri
vateiy as the agent of the director
general. No radical change will be
made in the methods of operation or in
the employes of the express company,
it was said at the railroad adminis
tration.
The president's action also will aid
>’tr NxCAdoo in dealing directly with
employes who have been threatening
to strike. The complete government
control will become effective at noon
to-morrow, and the ~ction is taken
under war powers vested in the pres
ident. A new contract may be made
between the railroad administration
and the American railway express
company, which was formed by aeon
solidation of the Adams. American,
and Southern companies.
The president's proclamation author
izes continued operation of the com
pany, however, under the contract al
ready existing.
The director-general is expected
soon to initiate higher express rates
in accordance with the plan recently
submitted to the interstate commerce
commission and partly approved by
that body. The president's action in
Placing the express buusiness specifi
cally in the hands of the railroad ad
m.nistratlon will remove doubt as to
the powers of the director-general to
Initiate rates for the express company.
As soon as the new rates go into ef
fect . the wages of express company
employes will be raised, making ag
gregate advances of about $12,000,000.
MINERS TO LEAVE ARMY
Orders by Secretary Baker at Re
quest of Fuel Administration
Immediate release from the army
of men in training In this country
who prior to their induction into mil
itary service were anthracite coal
miners has been ordered by Secre
tary Baker at the request of the fuel
administration. Urgent need for in
creased production of anthracite coal
led to the issuing of the order, tan
fuel administration announced Tues
day night.
Instructions sent by Secretary Ba
ker to ail training camps direct that
anthracite miners in military serv
ice be sent to Washington, where
those who desire to resume their for
mer occupations will be given imme
diate discharge.
TO AVERT UNEMPLOYMENT
War Labor Policies Board Ex
tends Organization—Paid Secre
taries for Lccal Boards
To aid in averting unemployment
during the period of demobilization,
the war labor policies board Satur
day announced a plan whereby a paid
secretary will be attached to each of
the community labor boards in the
chief employment centers. The duty
of the secretaries will be to promote
work of the local labor boards to for
ward policies of the United States
employment service and to keep the
war industries board and war depart
ment continually informed ot labor
conditions, the ability of plants to
sorb more man-power or the pos
sibility of loss of work by those al
ready employed.
The plan, it was said, calls for the
expenditure of between $250,000 and
$300,000 for the work during the next
six months. In many cases, it is be
lieved. it will be found possible to
make use ot secretaries of local
chambers of commerce.
STILL ANOTHER RULER
Grand Duke UTilliam Ernst of
Saxe-Weimar Abdicates
A dispatch received at Basel from I
Berlin says that Grand Duke William i
Ernst of Saxe-Weiraar has abdicated I
in order to prevent civil war. The j
dispatch adds that republics have I
been proclaimed in Wurttemturg and
Hesse. The new government of Bade a ;
has been constituted under the presi- •
deney of the socialist. Herr Jeiss. I
The former Grand Duke William j
Ernst is 42 years old. Saxe-Weim ir ■
is in central Germany in Thuringia. '
Among the important towns in the!
grand duchy are Weimar. which is the
capital, and Jena, the famous univer- j
sity town.
MONEY AND BUSINESS
—
Business Readjustments
The immediate fears of the business
interests o’ the country concerning
the effect of peace on industry have
centered obviously on government can- i
celatlcns of war cantracts. The serf- :
ousness of this aspect of the situa
tion could not be exaggerated, in view i
of the lengths to which industry has'
been carried in Its reorganlzat on m
the past year and a half for war pur- !
poses.
Many a factory has been entirely
made over for the manufacture ot!
war material and to-day it finds itself
carrying a special line of costly raw 1
material only halt or a quarter turned I
Into the finished product and with a i
labor force paid on it war basis. Ap |
prehension of d sastrous cense- i
quences in ease al! such ,c. 'rfes were
not safeguarded by the government |
during the trying readjustment pe i
rlod has been natural, but. on the ,
whole, it has not been reflected in th"
stock market since the armistice was
signed. The fact that the stock mar
ket has shewn relat velv unimpor
tent changes in the past we-k cei
mlnly indicates H’tle fear n investin ''t
and speculative circles of a sudden
rupture in the busmess relations he
tween the government's war agencies
and private Industry, making for
tre’e d-'nresslon
"he nr s: nt se-r ' *v of war M-
Crowell. Is . mtn of ' -I Uvtnei
experience like Cha rmau Baruch at,
the war industries board; and Mr
Crowell’s statement of the depart
ment's policy may be accepted as the
policy of the whole government in
this period. Part ot his statement
foUows: —
Instructions have been issued to all
bureaus of the war department gov
e, nlng the methods ot slowing down
cf production, so that, as far as pos
sible. there ..hould be a tapering off
of war work, giving time for mdus
t-ial readjustment and for the indus
try to take up civilian work.
So that manufacturers might as
rapidly as possible get into work on
civilian needs, at our request thp wots
industries board has withdrawn all
priority rat ngs on army work.
No order is being suspended or can
celed by the war department without
consideration of the nature of the
work or the locality In which th»
work Is being performed, labor and
the re-employment of labor at such
places in other industries, and with
out conference and consultation with
the war industries board, which has
been constantly in touch with the in
dt-stries of this country, and with tha
department of labor, which Is In inti
mate touch with the conditions of em
ployment in all parts of the Unit-4
states.
The two standards which the war
department has set up for itself are
that these contract readjustment®
must be made equitably, m regard to
.he industry and labor and promptly
to safeguard the financial elements of
the problem.
This indicates, happily, that the
war department has an intelligent
course marked out. The government
has war contracts involving many
hundreds of millions of dollars In
anticipation ot peace, it reserved the
L t 0 cancel contracts by making
ceitain compensatory adjustments,
; ■ , money to offset the un-
a ,dabie losses which must result
trom the sudden stopping of the gov
ernment's activities. It remains for the
government to make just and speedy
settlements with firms and companies
whose contracts must be canceled at
an early- day. and already they have
been relieved of embarrassment in get
ting back to civilian business by th>
removal of priorities on army wof I
m the distribution and transport!*
tion of materials
None of the primary markets, ex
cept cotton, seems to have developed
any notable reaction to the peace de
ye’opments. There is yet no peace
boom in stocks. Corn had a tendency
tr. rise on the theory that huge quanti
ties of meats and cereals must soon
be exported to Europe. Cotton broke
about S’-O a bale and the government
intervened by stopping short sales.
After all the complaint by wheat
growers because cotton prices were
not fixed by the government, wheat
now has a great advantage over cot
ton in having a high price for next
year's harvest guaranteed. The laat
cotton crop Is short, but the demand
*or it in making munitions and army
clothes must decline at once, while
Germany and Austria are by no means
In a position as vet to resume the
purchase of 2.000.000 bales a year
which they bought prior to the war,
in view of the shipping scarcity.
While dry goods prices have al
ready been cut by some large houses^
raw wool is likely to be high un
til the ocean tonnage problem is
-salved. Bearing directly upon labor
tvages are commodity prices, but
price changes in the cash markets
far the principal commodities continus
comparatively few in number with
fluctuations, as a rule, confined with
in a somewhat narrow range. Food
prospects next spring, however, are
somewhat improved for the world, ia«
smvrh as the new wheat crop grow
ing in Argentina indicates a harvest
t a bon 180.006.600 bushels, or ajj
^portable surplus cf some 116,00 M
Odo bushels
BOSTON STOCK MARKIT
Stccki
Op-n. Hljh. Low. sate.
* ’aska Gold 4 4 4 4
‘ 48 48 48
:Am A -ri Chen JOl 101 100 IQQ
- rts 10c ICe Tc ft
* : > preferred ’»8 f'B 97 W
'.Fug pr So 9
.'i: Sugar Relining If \ in A 111%
topreferred 113 114 I’3 114
‘mTul*Tel lOiF.i
AniWwleapr P 3 &
Anaco.-Ca 8814, H Z MU
•Art Metal rctf 18 ls ’ Jj*
• t G'llf WI pr <rr <7714 07%
i- L. i' MJcr.?.- W L'G 24^4 28
i* -ton Elevated UU, 76 73% 78
d • pr ctfs ‘.S 8 ns 98
. Lowell 194 10? 1& io>
< -n A Maine 83% 38 33%
<x» preferred 5< SO M 50
.i.nmer & Arizona H
t & Hecla 460 4(^l 4450
tury Steel 13% nu UU
40 49 40
■ per Range 484 48 47 <T
’ -West 3 3 3
3’4 5U tU
.•ist «ton Land 5 5 8 R
Butte n nix
g .^’cctric JSS 2-5 l:-5 jss'
- ri auks Co 68 \
Durgpr 82%
P.w Fish ^2 ^ 2,214 81% 38
3O 7 S 31’4 ;on siu
P rr Cem 7 T 7 t
- ' VCa! pr 81 \ sir, 3 jjta
.' T •'% 3^ aS
* •' Ko-. . • 27 £7 2627
Ki’vteßav i 1 i 1
■repr 12^ 12’4 12V
C’s ' as 89 89 87 ST
’ r-Old Col 8 3'% 3 3^4
Michigan 3^2 334 3^ ait
57 37 37 57
XL T.l A Tel fR 6g 9$ y g
A eva ’a » « cs j 20 20 20
’ A a 10 ir» 10 10
•S 8% 83«
’H’s l ; ’h MM
XIX HA fl asg ns
Cdu Dcmmicn 41 4i 40 49
Beece Buttonhole 18 13 1? 13
Keect I'ulding 3 3% 3 3*
F ' 50c 50c 5^
Screca Copper 14^ 14U 14U
>h.i;ir.on 3% 3% 3*» 9<
stew -. t Mfs Corp 34% 4^ 4l £
St Mar; > Land 47 47 43* 46 *
Sune: <r k Hasten 3’4 3U 3x4
'riot Copper s \ y $
SviUACo 12s 128 126V4 127^4
3U 3C 31?
Hire.! Fruit 143 144 143 144
LnitOil Shoe Mach 44% 44^ 4414 44^4
du pri ferred 28 20 26 28
VS S: lh f&M pr 47 47 46U 3
V s str ; ico 101^4 lotu
(in preferred 112 1:2 12 12
Utah Apex 3% ju 3^
Vtali'-n.d
' i M 2*4 2U 2^ 2%
' ntii.-a Oil 83^ $2
t Ictir » 2% 2S 2H 2%
B -nd*
A' ’ ’ A Tel Us ST **7’4
•‘.o • ' 103 ick: ;t>B lOS
V <Ji v Power s’s 75 7-5 75
x E T'l V; -932 94U
I’MC-ek6< P’iVi 03 03 U
Pwntn <n'i r O’s s 4 sn 98
sx<ftACor.s 9TM, C7»4 f»7^
U ' 1 h'ri.v - 99.64 KUH s? 04 99 64
do 4’s U- M O-VC.i f”
do “s 93 01 •• 8? 93 01 r\.64
Ci4’>’s ’917 94.70 pS.Tn do
Jo4\'s HH2 9' 31 OS.V4 07.3 f 7 M
do l \ « 1928 97 54 9* 97 A» 1,7.78
do4rh4'is 08 97.74 Wl
West T A Ts’s 02 W 32 99
•F\ divided. tEx •’
at
SPRINGFIELD
FIRE AN!) MARINE
INSURANCE COMPANY
CASH ( API! AL 52.500.008 00
A. ILI AHP DAMO.N I'rrs <1 nt.
W'l. J MAIK A\. Vie-restd nt.
(.EO. G Bl LKI.EV 2d Vict-i r.s.
E!>V, IS II Ull DRETH. Seerrtn y.
I’RIOI EAI El I IS A -i-tunt Sec t.
O n-rh -r X- FirM 1-1 Fort St.
l ; -v" Id A.-.-nt-
HiANUS H. WILLIAMS.
11