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By Alail. BEVENDAYSLATER FROM EUROPE ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPA. Nsw Yorx, May 8. The steamer Europa, Capt. Lott, arrived at this port this forencon from tiverpool. whence she sailed on Saturday noon the 26ih ult. The news is one week later from all parts of Furope. Cottun has declined 38. Flour 61 a 104, and corn 3d. The sum of £3OOO sterling has been raised for Doctor Thompson of Cold Stream, as a testimo nial of public approval of his services in eflecting the abolition of the Bible monopoly in Scotland. Tue Geear Exwimirion.—The approaching opening of the Crystal Palaceis naturally moufih a prominent topic of newspaper remark. On the urgent representation of the executive committee the Queen hasabandoned the purpose recommended by the Royal Commissioncrs of restricting the opening of the exhibition to the diplomatic body; the members of the Government und 10yal house hold. All are to be admitted who have purchased scason tickets. The effect of this decision vpon the sale of scason tickets has been very favorable, In four days the sales rose from 7000 to between 11 000 and 12,000, the demand Increasing so greatly that it was found necessary 1o cheek it by advancing the price to 3 guineas {or ladics, and 2 guineas for gentlemen.— About 15,000 persons will be preser.t at the open ing. A rrognmme of the mannerin which the inau gural ceremony is to be_conducted has been pub lished. The exhibitors attendant having been previously sanctionedby the Executive Committee must enter between 8 and 9 o'clock, A M. and immediately take their places by their counters or obj-cts 1o be exhibited ; holders of seaeon tickets between 9 and 11 12, The nave and transcpt north #ill be reserved for the Queen and royal party, where a platformis erected and thereon the Queen's Chair of State, so that when scated she will be eonspicuous. Addresses to Her Majesty and replies will occu py some little time, The Archbishop of Canter bury will then offer a prayer, invoking the divine blessing upon the undertaking, and an anthem by the choir will tollow. A roynrptoccuion will then be formed, which will pass through all the avenues of the Palace, so asto be seen by all the spectators, Returning to the platform, the Queen will declare the Exhibition opened. which will be announced by a flourish of trampets and the firing of a royal salute on the north of the Serpentine, whereupon the barriers which had kept the nave clear will be thrown down, and the pubhic will be allowed to circulate, and the Queen leaving, the doors will be thrown open. 4 ’l‘};e following mnotice was posted up 20th of B¥ X B “‘All exhibitors are requested to complete their fittings on or before next Monday might; after that day no person will be admitted except those absolutely necessary for arranging the goods. A postecript is added stating that all packages not removed by to-morrow night, 26th April, will be sold. The feeling in favor of a general holiduy on the first of May gains ground in the city. France. Pagts, Thursday evening.—The Asscmbly re assembled to day. A motion for allowing newss papers to be sold and distributed in the streets wae negatived by 403 to 226, and another motion for prohibiting the same was adopted without a divi sion. The uncertain state of political affairs, causes a complete stagnation of business at the Bourse and the funds are again lower. Fives opened 92 50; threes closed at 57. The aannouncement that Guizot is to be brought forward asa candidate for the representative of the department of the lands, causes some sensation. It is not known whether Guizot consents to be nominated. A powerful advocate for the prolongation of the power of the President of the Repubfic. has arisen in the As sembly, which receives the contributions of Guizot and other distinguished statesmen who hold office. Spain and Portugal. Accounts from Madrid state that the Minister of Finance was actively preparing his Budget, which will be presented to the Chambers in June. Letters trom Madrid state that the Spanish gov ernment is disposed to assist that of Portugal, against the Duke of Sal!lanha, in case of conflict, but that it is its desire at the same time to act in concert with England. The accounts from Portugal announce that Gen. Saldanha has failed in his insurreciionary move ment, and has in consequence directed his course towards the Spanish frontier, Austria, “ Welearn from Vicona that Prince Schwartzene berg has been appointed Governor of Transyl vania. We learn from Berlin that Austria has proposed, in case of certain events, to march 200,000 troops through Piedmonte. The German Kingdoms, it is ome‘f, will terminate the Dresden Congress by recalling their agenrs. Vienma correspondence of the 20ih inst, an nounces that Baron Geliringer has refused to accept the post of Stakbelder of Hungary. That post is now to be offered to the Archduke Leopold. A change of measure may possibly be expected with regard to Hungary. Viessa —Official papers publish a list of the newly appointed membere of the Imperial Couns cil. They are the Barons Krieg, Hongden, Purk head, Syogunne, of Magyar; Syogen, Salbitti, of Gicheoerall; Baumgartner, Buol, Vern, Burga; the Count Zichy and the Prince of Satnerille, Erche, Kran, Theim, Italy. The 12th inst, being the anniversary of the re tura of the Pape to Rome, his Holiness was waited upon by the diplomatic corps There has been some ministerial changes at Turiu, but not of a nature to alter the character of the Cabinet. 115 Hungarian deserters from Lom bm:{, uader the command of Col. Fier, have ar rived at Berne, in Switzerland. A radical demonstration, but of a very insignifi cant character, took place at Genoa on the 14th The government in consequence expelled three foreigners who uttered ujououl cries, and com saitted 10 the casile of Alexandria a half pay Colomel who disobeyed orders in being present. Acocounts from Vienna state that it is expected the Pope’s government will solicit the intervention of Austrian treops. The Times correspondent confirms the report that Lord Palmerston has addressed a moderate note of remonsirance to the Courts iaterested, against the prolengued occupation.of the Tuscan and Roman States by Austria and France. The Liresden Conferences it is stated that the German Kingdom will tera minate the Diesden Congress by recalling their agects. Switzerland., A letter fromßerne of the 15th inet, in the Jour nal des Debats, saye: “I hasten to infurmj'ou that the Federal government has just received a com municetion from the English Legation, in which it protests against refugees being sent to England. The United%me-, therefore, is now the ouly coun try open to them. The first detachment of Hun garian and Italian refogees, who lately deserted from the army of Radetsky, arrived at Berne on the 17th ult, under the command of Col. Durr. They are going to America by way of France. A great number of them fought under the gouvern ment of Kossuth' Turkey. A letter irom Conetantinople of the 2d in the Austrian Lloyd's, says Kossuth still signs hie lct ters and documents as President of the Committee of Defence of Hungary. 'l'his is & proof that he has not yet abandoned bis projects. A refugee named Chegyessy, has utlemglcd to commit svicide by openiog a vein, owing be u{yl W the reproaches of his conscience for having for a short time embraced lelamism. Another named Madasdy, recently died -nddcnli. Some Hun~ garians spread the report that he had been poison ed by the surgeon, in compliance with the wish of the Avustrian government. The house of the sur geon was uttacked, and the authorities had to em ploy foree Lo proteet it. Wasnincrow, May 8. Wasuixarox [rems.~The Republic uz;. that the President will leave Washington on Monday morning, attended by the Secretaries of State and Navy, the Postmaster General and the Atlorney General unless somne nOnexpected event should cauwe a change in the present arrangements. The m:;i‘ru at the General Post Office for the quarter ending the last day of December, were mmh of §l,OOO 000, being an increase of §241 - The dilferent Departments are in daily receipt of telegrophic messnges from various officers on the look out, reporung assemblages of persons said to be .&..J":.“m Caban expedition, here and there throughout lhhso«hen 8:‘«31 The as~ sembioges o re unarmed men og gy b The President on his visit North will take his fomily with him The Cabinet will visit Niagara 5:!0 belore they return howe, sod thet will be via neta. FROM CALIFORNIA. ARRIVAL OF THE GEORGIA WITH THE MAILS. Later from Havana New Yorxk, May 6, The steamship Georgia, Lieut. Porter, arrived this morning from Chagres via Havana, with the Pacific mails and $1 500000 in gold on freight The Georgia sailed from Cha&rcl at noon, with 500 tlauengeu. She transferred 200 passengers at avani, and brings 300 to New York. ; Great excitement existed in Havana in relation to the expected invasion Many had been put in prison on suspicion, and among then three priests ‘ for preaching mutinous sermous, ~ Theday the Georgia arrived =as celebrated by ‘the exccution of a poor wretch who was sent over by Loptzto obtain pilots for the expedition. He 'was tried in open court, and the evidence was so strong that he was immediately executed, previous to which he war subjected to great torture for the purpose of extorting a confession. This first exe cution for political offences has created some ill ’lreling angainet the new Governor General, and his conduct in executing a person who did not scem to know that he was committing a crime, has been severely criticised, Matters are becoming so serious and alarming in Havana that many are preparing to leave. The Captain General s taking every precaution to guard against an invasion. Lookouts are sta tioned all ulong the coast within two miles of each other, and the vessels of war are kept cruising be tween San Antonio and Havana. The steamer Cuba was ashore on the Colorados, when the Georgia passcd, and the Pizarro had gone to her assistance, A rowhad occurred at Havana between rome American veamen and the inhabitants. The sen men weredrunk, and were arrested and their heads put in the stocks, from the effeat of which treat- K\cnt two had died. The uffair is now in the anids of the American Consul. From the fsthmus. The rainy season had not yetset in at Chagres, and the Railroad will, it is said, be finished to Gorgona by the last of July, it the weather cone tinucd good. Chagres was healthy. The inhabitants have established a regular police, and life and property are much more safe than heretofore. The passengers by the Georgia are generally healthy, only two cases of illness having occurred on the voyage. The fourth of the Chagres murderers has been arrested at Porto Cabello, and brought to Panama, where he was confined in prison. The Georgia re ports that they were all to be shot in a few cfayl. General California News There has been a fight at Sonora giowing out of some conflicting miners’ claims, in which one man by the name of Davis was killed and some others wounded. The health of San Francieco has been remark ably good, and the same may be asserted of the entire State, The annals of crime are as dark as ever, but the chances of punishment seem to have improved, Wilfred and Stuart, indicted for the murderous attack upon and robbery of Mr. Janeon, and whose uuppou‘! guilt had well nigh been expinted by Lynch Law and a rope, had been tried before the District Court and found guilty of assault with intent to kill, and robbery. The jury sentenced Siuart to fourteen years in the penitentiary, the utmost they could give him He has’since been taken to Yuba county to betried for murder. Wil fred was scntenced to ten years inthe peniten tiary. Nearly all the rainy season which has visited us this year came during the past month of March. The snow, too, has disappeared on the mountains beyond the San Jose Valley and farther to the north, This rain will prove of inestimable value to the agricultural interests of the State, and per haps to many of the miners. The Courier says the labors of the miners are well rewarded, and new and rich discoveries of mineral wealth are constantly being made. The Gold Bluff excitement has entirely ceased, and one~half of the vessels engaged on the route to that point have been withdrawn. The Sierra Nevnr:i- covered with snow. The Indian troubles are ncarly at an end, treaties having been concluded with eeveral of the most hostile tribes. Improvements are going forward with an im petus never before known, und each weck adds to the numbers of buildings, both for private resi dences and places of business. The first fugitive slave case in California was brought before Judge Morrison, on the 30th. The Judge was to give his decision the next morning. The slave is named Frunk, and was brought here by a Missourian. He leit his master, and claims Lis freedom, which the Couricr considers he is en titled to. Gov. McDougal has been appealed to for his aid in suppressing the Indian depredations in the Maraposa regions, and the Legislature responded to hie cull by granting him authority to call out 500 men forthat purpose. The Governor has taken a tour since then and came to the conclusion that men were not needed. 1t is believed that a treaty will be formed with the tribes in the vicinity of the Maraposa. e ’ Bl ) McCauley, indicted for the murder of Julge Southers, in Napa City, has been sentenced (o be hung on the 14th of April. Several hundred thousand dollars of r deemed scrip has been burned by the Council of San Fran cisco. Tne Commiesioners appointed by the [l.egisla tureto sclect the public lands to be donated by Gen, Valejo to the State, as sites for the public build ings, have attended to their duties, returned and reported to the Legislature, and it is now sup posed the work of erecting the various buildings arpdhomceo at Valejo will be commenced forth with, The agricultural prospects of the Stat. are very promising. The San Francisco Standard says : ““We con tinue to receive cheering accounts from ell parts of the gold region. Twolumne, Caleveras, Moku lumne, American, Feather, Scott’s, Kalamath, and other rivers in the gold mining country, send favorable accounts. Intelligence from many parts of the mines is more cheering than hitherto during the winter. The Alta says the news from the mines and Gold Bluff is very favorable. A rich bed of gold had been discovered there, from which 32 ounces of gold were washed in one day. On another §lOOO worth was taken out. The gold is found upon the bed rook from 2 to 10 feet below the surface. A Mr. Warren had arrived from the locality with $20,000 in gold. The latest news from the region of the San Diego renders it certain that valuable deposite of the golden mineral have been discovered there by the Mexicans, and reports from the adjacent por tions of the State render it probable that the mines thiere will be found more productive than it was stpposed they would be. One of the dredging com p anies had got to work, and the result of an ex periment was a yicld ot over $lOO per hour, The quartz mining operations have also been prosecuted with vigor and success. Some of the veins are beyond all previous calculations. One of the veins at Nevada was sold for $135 000, and the purchaser in a few days after had taken out $l4 000, and dirt ready for washing which would yield 20,000 more. The repe.l of the law taxing forcign miners, it was believed, would have a material effect in in creasingthe receipts of gold. Large numbers of those who had ceased working on the objections able enactment goiag into effect have now re« sumed their operations at the mines, or are on their way tcwards them. The Sacremento T'ranscript characterizes the claim at Neuvada, known as the Gold Tunnel, as the richest deposit of the metal in California. ‘T'he gold is deposited in a kind of decomposed clay, and is found thickly set throughout this whole vein, which appears to be inexhaustible in depth, and from 1 to 4 feet in breadth. News had been received at San Franciscoof » fight between the State troops and Indians at San Joaquin, in which several of the latter were killed. The Apuche Indians had attacked and taken possession of Tueron, the last town in So nora, comingetowlrd the Gila river. The inhabi :’anud inoc ing able te hold the place, aban oned it * The ship Celestial made the passage from China to San Francisco in 33 days, said to be the quick est on record. From Orzcon.—~Advices from Oregon to the 20th inst, have been received. T. J. Dryer had been nominated Mayor of Portland. Ata meeling in Lafayette,Gen, Lane was nominated for Congress. Seyeral vessels were loading lumber at Portland for the San Francisco market. The steamboat Willamette from New York, had arrived at Astoria, by means of sail. A geat deal of rain Lad fallen in Oregon during the month. Winter is now considered to have paseed, and land is being prepared for planting. The gold vwver is again raging in the territory, and large vumbers are leaving their farms and business 1o g 0 to the Klamath, ! O-{ar.-'l'ho sugar crop of Louisiana for 1860 was 211,203 hhds., equal 10231,194.0001b5. There are 1,495 sugar mills, 908 work by steam, 557 007 horse Towu. The product of molasses is 10,500, 000 gallone. Late vaom Mexico—BATTLRE BETWEEN 7THE Mexicans axp Aracuis —We learn from a gen tleman who arrived in this city yesterday on board brigantine Mary Phwbe, from Guaymas and San Diego, that the cholera has been for some time rag ing to a fearful extent throughout Sonora. Dr. White, an American physician, is practicing with great success throughout the country,and is looked upon as the preserver of the people. His principle medicine is a mixture of red pepper and water and the success with which he meets in curing the most virulent cascs is astonishing. S In the latter part of February, a battle was fought between tfie Scnoran troops, under Gen Castillo, and the Apache Indians, in which the former were completely defeuted, some two hun dred of their best men being killed on the field,and losing over three hundred p isoners. The loss of the Indians was trifling. The origin of the war, we are informed, is the diecovery of rich placers of gold and silver in the Apache country, which the Sonorians attempted to work, but were continually molested by the Indians, 8o much so, that it was not safe to dig except when in large parties. It is the wish of the Sonorians to drive off the Apaches in order that they may work the mines, but the signal defeat they met with in the late en- Zagement has rather disheartened them. The crops in Sonora have almoet entirely failed, and a great doal of distress is felt for the want of provieions,~Fublic Balance, March 31, Newanrk, May 7. Exrrosion.—The Daily Adveruser of this after noon has the following:—*We learn from Pater son, that while the workmen in the extensive works of Rogers, Kocliens & Grosvener, were this morn ing trying a new locomotive the boiler burst, hurl ing the frogments in every directing und blowing off the roof und one side of the building, which was of brick, so that the whole fcll in. When the accident occurred the shop was filled with work men, many of whom were still buried in the ruine when our informant left. He also states that three or four had been taken out dead and fifteen badly wounded. The persons killed were Irish, and their names are James McNamey, Thomas Busthard, Patrick Dougherty, Awos Whitehead.” AreivaL oF THE NowtH America.—~The North America, via Kingston, Jamaica, arrived at her wharfat 10 o’clock this evening. She left Cha gres 27th of April, at 3 o'clock, anl Kingsion on the forenoon of the 30th, and left again on May Ist. She has 200 passengers and =OO 000 10 coin and dnst on freight and in the hands of passengers. The steamers Crescent City and Brother Jonathan were at Chagres when the North America left,— The English steamer Severn satled on the 25th.— The Tenunessce was to sail from Panama on the lst. The health of Chagres was good, and the passengers on board the steamer are also healthy. The Jomaica papers are filled with the debates of the House of Assembly. A Wonderful Project.—~\We have it on the author ity of Mr. McLaughlin, recently returned from abroad, that there 18 a project on foot at Naples to extinguish the fires of Vesuvius! It s understood that the bottom of the main or grand crater, is sev eral thousand feet below the level of thesea. The plan, therefore, is to dig a large trench or canal from the sea to the crater, the expense of which will not exceed two millions of J’oltar-. and thus extinguish the fires that have been burning for thousands of years! It is said that the fine lands thus to be recluimed, will more than ten times pay the expense of executing the grand design.— Laf. Cour. Pickling Fggs.—lll the following were generally known, it would be more generally used. Itis an excellent pickle to be eaten with cold meat, &e. The eggs should be boiled hard—say ten minutes ~and then divested of their she'!ls. When quite cold, pot them in jars and pour over them vinegar (sufficient to quite cover them,) in which has been previously boiled the usual spices for pickling.— Tie the jars down tight with bladder, and keep them until they begin to change color. Tue Canar Steamer passed through this city yesterday morning in fine style, attracting as usval a grest deal of attention. It is ceitainly a superior looking craft, and ploughs the ‘“raging waters of the Erie ditch” with as much energy as though they were the sullen waves of Jold ocean. The horses. it is said, enjoy a quiet laugh a« it passes, for at no distant day such craft may en tirely supersede the necessity of wsing their power, Syracuse Standard. Working Sails by a Stecam Engine.—A ship called the Medora is about to sail from Glasgow, Scot land, for San Francisco, which has on board a small steam engine, intended to weigh the anchor, ump ship, hoist the topsails, and do any other Eurd hauling that may be required, in addition to heisting out and in cargo. ltis placed npon deck near the fore hatchway, and is covered by an erec tion about as large as u cook’s galley. Professor Newmaun says that it is a mathematical certainty, that if the existing purulaliou of the world were to increase for about eleven or twelve centuries, at the same rate as the Bitish population has done for some time past, no room would be left on the solid earth for men, women and children to stand upon, aljowing only a square foot for each. Prof. Newmanwillbe wiser when he knows more. The Oldest Postmaster in the U. S.—~James Ste venson, Lsq., of Donegal township, Washiugton county, Pa., was appointed Postmaster of that township, on the 20th of April, 1807, by Gideon Granger, during the administration of Thomas Jel ferson, and has continued a period of forty-four years. He has withstood the storm of eleven ad ministrations while all his fellows have gone. Cholera.~'The Cincinnati Commercial of Wed. nesday last, notices the death of two persons, by Asiatic cholera. One was a man named Domi nick Gallary, who had recently arrived from New Orleans. The other was a woman named Naugh ton, who had been taken from a steamboat,— Her son was ill with the same disease, and not ex pected to recover, Two men were shot at Sacrumento City on the night of March 29, while attempting to commit a burglary on the premises of Capt. J. 11. Ward.— One of them was killed. The other who gave his name as George Morton, of Valley Falls R. 1., was 50 badly wounded in the leg that it would probably have to be amputated. Farming ona Large Scale.~Hon. Henry L. Ells worth, of La Fayette county, formerly commis sioner of the Patent Office, has recently, in com pany with others, entcred above 25,000 acres of choice lands in the Wabash Valley, at the Craw fordsville Land Office, and is about to have 5,000 acres put into cultivation, Large Haul of Fish.—The Washington Repub lic says that a few days siuce upwards of ninety. five l‘oumnd herrings and fifteen hundred shad were taken in one haul, at Opossum Nose, about 35 miles down the Potomae, opposite Budd's Ferry. Destruction of Moles.—~A company was some time since organized in Nnmemondpcoumy for the des truction of this species of vermin, and on the 25th they produced upwards of thirteen hundred scalps of moles taken in traps, within the period of two months.—Norfolk Herald. Death of a Coroner while Holding an Inquest.— While Coroner Abel Kelley, of Kmmehnni(. Me., was holding an inquest upon the body of William Tenan, of Kennebunkport, who had committed suicide, he suddenly fell from a chuir und died shortly afterwards. The largest individual tax paid in New York is by William B. Astor. Last year he paid into the Cil/y Treasury the sum of twenty-three thousand cight hundred and ninety-two dollars, for taxes.— The assessed value of his property in the city is $:2.600,300. Copper Boilers.—lTt is stated that eopper boilers are henceforth to be used on board the steamers of the Royal Navy, as their great derability has been found to render them cheaper in the end than iron boilers, of which the first cost is small, Women require more sleep than men, and furm ers less than those engaged in almost any occupa tion. Fditors, authors, and artists need more sleep than those of most other professions. The same is true of precocious children. Oun Saturday last, the wife of Jewett I Buffum, of Westmoreland, N. H., was safely delivered of three fine boys. Mother aund little ones all doing well. Mr. l{ufl'um is a Democrat. Daniel Wilcox, of Portsmouth, was chivked to death, while at his dinner at the Pelham House, in Newport, on 'l‘uoodn’ last, while endeavoring 1o swallow a piece of beel. Two negroes have been hanged in Providence, La , for the murder of their master, Mr. Clanton, a planter, whose body they burnt. : “I'here was fine ole'inhin-. at Hazleton, Pa., on ;_l‘:;udny morning, eighteen inches of snow having alien. Barnum has bought Nicholas Biddle's country seat in Pennsylvania. The potato rot has never appeared west*ol the Rocky Mountains. After the usuul procession, and the organiza tion of the Senate and of the House of Represen tatives, on Tuesday, the two Houses met in Grand Committee lor the purpose of receiving and counting the votes for General Officers. The result was. as willbe seen in the report of the pro=- ceedings, that all the Democuatic nominees were elected; and we understand that they were imme dintely inducted into their respective offices. From that day then we have Puie Avves, of Providence, for Governor. Wit Liam B. Lawggsce, of Newport, for Lieu tenant Governor Asa Porrer, of South King-town, for Secretagy of State. WarLter 8. Buraess, of Cranston, for Attor. ney General. Evwix Witsun, of Newport, for General Treas urer. The Democrats appear to have a majority of four in the Senate ; and the Whigs a majority of two in the House. And counsequently in Grand ‘ Committee the Democrats have a majority of two. Thisis a great and remarkable change in the rela tive position of partics in the go vernment, though ‘it is not an entire exchange of their positions. But party differences, we hope, will not prevent the passage of the most necessary and most salutary lawe for the State, according to the general expec tatious of the people. Those measures of reform and of amelioration which are plainly just and re quisite, under the present circumstances, in the es timation ofthose most interested in good govern went, cannot fuil to receive the favorable consid eration of all eandid public servants. Party disei pline or party rancor (if uny should exist) cannot hope in an elective government to prevail for any length of time over the demands of the people in regard to what they know to be right. We have the strongest confidence therefore in the success of those measures aguinst which no good reasons can be given why they should not be adopted, and in favor of which the most eandid men of all parties would be willing to record their votes. We think it would be unparliamentary not 1o re spect the result of the election. New Yorx, May 7 On Monday last, the delegates of the State Rights Associations were assembling in Conven~ tion for the purpose of deliberating uponthe qnes tion of secession. But this is not the Convention which was called by the Legislature, and which is authorized to pass upon the question in behalf of the State. That convention is not to meet till next spring, unless sooner called by special pro ceedings. But this informal assemblage may bhe expected to shadow forth the prevailing sentiments in the State, and will no doubt do much to influence the policy which shall be finally adopted. And the deliberations of this convention will be looked for with much interest as indicating the sentiments of the people upon the measures passed by Congress for the adjustment of the slavery question. It is hoped that any present grounds of discon= tent will not hurry the gallant people of that State to such sn expedient as will be most injurious to themselves as well as to ather States and to the cause of republican liberty. In Jan. 1832, the tariff law was the grievance of which they com plained, and yet by waiting for the sense of justice to return to the rest of the Union, that grievance was removed in a conciliatory manuer. Now,the law as well as the Constitution is in tavor of maintaining their rights urimpaired ; and i the present administration should not abandon the course already commenced (and it would not be Just to suppose in advance that it will,) the rights of the States will be upheld by the government.— And we may look for the faithful execution of the laws by the hands of such officers as are loyal to the Union as it is. The Senatorial elections in Ohio, New York, and Massachusetts, are not already to be viewed as grounds of secession, and may yet resnlt in less evil than uppears at present to be apprehended.— A few leading men and others of the Whig party are now, as they were in 1832, in favor ofthe le gal adjustment of sectional differences and of het efforta of the administration to make it effectnal. We can hardly say as much of the Whig press, and have nothing to say in extenuation of the course which some editors delight to pursue, as if the honor of South Carolina was not to be regard ed with respect. Instead of rebuking their own abolitionizing adherents,the attempt is too frequent ly made to cast ridicule upon the sensitiveness of that State. This is but a poor apology for an evident lack of devotion to the common interests of the States, and tends even more than the fear of a Whig ta niff or of a Whig system of internal improvement to alienate one portion of the Union from another. The present danger is not the resultof a differ ence of interest, but of a difference of affection.— The general government if con fined to its gen eral objects, will accomplish all the purposes for which it was designed. And the peculiar institu~ tions of some States, if left to the exclusive control of the States to which they belong, will create no hostility between thewmn and others. It was a departure {lom these principles which led them to the more rigorous ireatment of the subject race in the South, aud whieh now threat ens to estrange one State at least from the rest.— We need not say to which political party that de parture is principally if not entirely to be autribut ed, since it is a departure from the principles which are cherished by the Democratic party, and which have always been esteemed of more import ance than mere party success. But the Democratic party is stronger now than it was in 1832, and consequently more able to vin dicate State rights than they were at that period. [t is to them that South Carolina should look in this hour of her tronble and trial, and more to them than to their opponents, or any plan of se cession to which that State may seem to be driven by the circumstances to which we have alluded. The Democratic party are still, as they have been, the hopes of the country and of the whole coun try. And South Carolina or any portion of the South, instead of looking for relief where it is not to be found, in a separation from their friends in the North, will find that very sympathy which is most needed always increasing with the degree in which it shall be valued,~and certain to be lost by any measnre which shall show that it is not wanted. It is reported that a majority of those who have assembled in Charleston, are eager for secession. Perhape. if they were to decide immediately, snch would be their resolation. But if the measure is left for the action of the convention which is to follow this, we may hope that better counsels will prevail. i ' Concise.~The body of Mr. Webster's letter in reply to the Board of Aldernen in Boston inviting him to Fanueil Hall is this: “Itis not my pnrpose to address my fellow-citizens in Fanueil Hall dar ing my visit to Boston.” Republican £erald. PROVIDENCE, Saturday, May 10, 1831, PROCEEDINGS AT NEWPORT. SECESSION IN SOUTH CAROLINA. VOTING WITII ENVELOPES. We have heretofore explained and enforced the right of the electors to a perfectly free, wnbiased, unconstrained, independent expression of their sentiments und preferences at the ballot box; and contended for the most ample protection of the voter, by abolishing the old practice of endorsing his name on the paper which eonveys his vote.— The secret ballot is intended to shield the honest voter upon whom undue influence, or intimida tion is exerted; and also to eut off bribery und corruption by removing from the corruptiouist all evidence that he has gained anyihing by the ex-. penditore of his money. We propose now to dwell for a mowent on the particulars by which the proposed mode of voting can be best ecarried into effect. What the People call for is this. At every election of State officers, Senators and Representatives, town officers electedsby the vo ters, members of Congress, and electors of Presi dent and Vice President of the United States, and upon all questions submitied to the decision of the voters, it is proposed that the electors of the State should give in their votes, by depositing in the ballot boxes unsigned paper ballots, written or printed, containing the names of the persons voted for, their respective ofices, and the date of the election, or their expression of yea or no up on the question proposed ; the ballot of each vo [ ter, or all the ballots which he is entitled to give atany election being inclosed in a self-sealing en- ‘ velope. Every voter, on mentioning his name to the moderator or warden, and on being called by him should deposite this envelope in a box in full view of the presiding officer, and in such a man ner thathe can distinetly see that only one envel ope isdeposited. All euvelopescontaining nothing but blanks, or marked on the outside in any way to distinguish them from the rest should be reject ed; and all donble votes contained in an envelope should be rejected and not counted. It should be made the duty of the Secretary of State to keep always on hand, a supply of envelopes of uniform color and size, for the supply of all the electors of the State ; to be farnished by him to all the town and city clerks, to be by them distributed to the moderators, and wurd clerks, and to the electors themselves, as they may be wanted. The duties | of all the officers named should be enfurced by‘ adequate penalties ; and every voter depositing or attempting to deposit wmore than one envelope, at the same time of voting, should be subjected to an ample fine. The ballot box should be kept j locked till the termination of the balloting; and | then, being opened by the modera‘ors and town l clerks, or wardens and ward clerks, in the pres- ' ence of the electors, the envelopes should be | connted to ascertain the number of voters, and in ; like manner, the ballots given for the different of- | ficers. A record having been made of the resuli, the ballots for officers voted for throughout the State, and upon general questions should be seal- | ed up and certified 1o the General Assembly ; bal- | lots for city officers and on city questions, to be | sent to the Muyor and Aldermen. Under this sys- | tem the, transmission of.votes to the General As sembly would be unuecessary ; but being accord= | ing to long usuge had better be continued. l Such is an outline of the protected ballot. Itis | entirely safe; it can be guarded from abuse; itl cuts off fraud; it is fair to all. And why, we | would ask, should men of any party, who desire that public eentiment should be expressed without | restriction, be opposed to it? We do not be lieve that they are. The opposition will come | from those who do not seek fair play, who are un- | willing to lose their chance of operating on the | fears of the honest, or the pecuniary cravings of the dishonest voter. Let this system prevail, and ' the Journal will never be able to say again that the Whigs have been bought up by the Democrat- 1 ic party ! An entirely honest and reliable expres sion of public opinion will then be obtained, and defeated parties will then set down satisfied that they are fuirly beaten, and wait with patience for a more propitious opportunity. | A DISCOVERY. Mr. Prister:=l have been for many years conuected with what has been generally supposed to be, and generally called, the poor man’s party. The wealth has been for the most part on one side, and the population on the other. Buta discovery of a really astonishing nature has been recently made by the Providence Journal. The Democrats are not poor folks, as we supposed ourselves; but while they were going about in their plain work ing clothes and thick boots, they were secretly hoarding np vast sums of money,avoiding expense, and escaping the vigilance of the taxing officers ; until, at length, when their coffers were full to over flowing, they make a push and actually pnrchase the Whig purty like so many sheep in the market ! Could you have believed it 7 It was hard at first, I must confess. I felt round in my pockets and searched my papers, but [ could not discover the evidence of being a rich man, as the Journal inti mates. Perhapslmadé a mistake. I certainly in tend to look farther. But what the Journal says must be true. The Jounrnal says positively, that the Whigs were bought np by the Democrats at from 20 to 80 dollars a head ; and, in another state ment, at from 10 to 50 dollars. Allowing the two statements the price 40 dollars a head ; and I sup pose for ex-Senators, Governors, &e., a little more. Figuring the difference between our vote last year and this, and allowing 40 dollars per Whig, I find that, according to the Journal, the election cost the poor, beg pardon, I mean our rich party of Democrats,abeut $200,000! Really, it is some thing to belong to the rich party, isn'tit? The fact is, Simons, we are looking up. Such a wealthy party must be respectable, in a community where money is the chief God. 1 hope we shall be mod erate and prudent, not mnaking too much show with our carriages, and entertainments, to excite the poormen’sparty,—our poor Whig friends—against us with feelings of envy! But the discoverer of this wonderful fact of our wealth should not be neglected ; and, as he is jusi going out of office, from asmall salary, I will propose asa suitable me morial another service of plate. It will be buta trifle to our wealthy Democratic party. | P. S. 1 almost forgot to add too things. If the Whigs are so corrupt and venal, and can all be bought for §4O apiece, as the Journalsays they can, what stronger reason can be given that they are unfit to control affairs, and ought to be putdown ? And secondly,if the Whige are so very bad, and the Journal knows what it saye, ought they not to be improved and guarded by immediately providing a vote by ballot ? B Anvses Rerorren v New Yonrk.—The com mittee appointed to investigate frands in the man agement of canals, have reported dishonest expen ditures of public money, improvements wade for private purposes, und that employees were sworn to ascertain how they voted and discharged for vot ing the Democratic ticket. It is even said, thatin addition of hundreds of thousands spent for the benefit of individunls, there are still greater abuses to be developed. We must be prepared to see them, afler the most extraordinary attempt to el fect a loan of nine millions, in violation of the constitution and to furnish material for election eering movements, = Coronkr's Inquesr.—An inquest was held up on the body of Mary Noland, who died suddenly on Thursday morning at Mr. Gorman's in Tran sit sireet. The verdict returned was, that she died (rom epilepsy. £ On the outside of this dgy's paper will be found an interesting article headed ‘‘John Fitch,” from the pen of Gen. James, which we copy from an Indiann paper. GENERAL ASSEMBLY. MAY BESEION—AT NEWPORT. SENATE. Tusspay Morwinag, May 6. The Senate met at 10 o'cluck the Governor in the Chair Benjomin F. Thurston, of Providence, was elected Clerk. Prayer was offered by the Rev. Mr Dum wt. The rules of the Senate for the last year were adopted until further action. The Governor luid betore the Senate resola tions of the Legislature ot Illinvis rclating 10 che supremacy of t?\e acts of Congress on the slavery question ; reccived and laid upon the table. The Governor also communicated to the Senate a report regpecting the appropriation for the in sane, and also letters from Mons, Vattemare agent for in‘ernational exchunge of books, which were scverally received and laid upon the table The Senate, after discussion of the manner of joining the House in Grand Committee, the re sult of which appears by Its messages in the report of the proceedings oflle House, joined the House in Grand Committee. The members elcet of the House were called to order by Hon. Henry Y. Cranston, of Newport, The following named gentlemen presented their credentials and were enguged in their oath of office by the Secretary of State: Nm'(mrl —Henry Y. Cranston, Joseph Anthony, Bcn} Finch, Joseph B. Weaver, Thomas R Hunter. Providence ~Lronard Blodget Stephen T Olney, W Il Potter, Henry Anthony, Allen C, Ma thewson, James 1. Rhodes, George S. Rathboae, Amos C. Barstow, Daniel E Carpenter, Samucl Currey, ThomasJ. Stead, Chris. C. Potter. Portsmouth Borden Chase. Warwick.—Pardon Spencer, Simon H. Greene, William D Brayton, Randall Holden, Westerly Nathan K. Dizon, New Shoreham.—Simeon Babeock. North Kingstown —Janws Eldred, Thos. G Al len. Jr. South Kingstown.~George L. Hazard, Sylvester Robinson. FEast Greenwich.--George J. Adams. Jumestoun Benj. Cottrell, Smithfield —'Thomas Buffum, Daniel Pearce John Fenner, Earl A, Wright, James Phetteplace lsrae! B Purrinton. Scituate —William A. Roberts, Sheldon Fiske. Glocester.— Geo. H. Browne, Jon. A. Tourtellot. Charlestown —Joseph Gavitt, West Greenwich.—Nathan Carr. Coventry ~David 8. Harne, Levi Johnson, FExeter —Daniel L. Money. Middletown.—George 1. Bayley. Bristol.~Hezekial C. Wardwell, Benj. Hall. Tiverton,~William P. Shetlield, Juseph Osborne, Nathaniel B Durtee. Little Compton —Oliver C. Brownell. Warren Alired Bosworth, Thomas G. Turner, Cumberland Feoncr Brown, Geo L. Dana, Olney Arnold, Mowry Taft. Richmond.—Daniel Kenyon. Cranston—Almoran Harris, Charles Guodwin. Hopkinton.—Welcome Collins. Johnston.—Granville S. Williams, Alpheus F, Angell. North Providence Thomas Davis, Zelotes Wetherell, KEdwin Harris, Joseph B. Stone. Barrington —Pardon Clarke. Foster —Geo. E. Hopkins. Burrillville.~Elisha Mathewson, Silas A. Com~ stock., Mr. FENNER BROWN, of Cumberland, nom inated George H. Browne, Esq ,of Glocester, for Spenker of the House, and Mr. THOMAS J. STEAD. of Providence, nominated Hon. Alfred Bosworth, of Warren. The vote bung taken by ballot, resulted as fole lows : George H Browne had 34 votes, Alfred Bosworth had 36 votes, and theretore Mr. Bosworth was declared elected Speaker of the House for the year ensuing. C"l‘he House then proceeded to the election of erks. Benjamin T, Eames, Esq., of Providence de~ clined being a candidate for re-election. The vote being taken by ballot resulted as fol lows : Clement Webster had 35 votes, And Wingate Hayes had 37 votes, and was declared elected. The House proceeded to the election of second Clerk The vote by ballot stood as follows : Peleg W. Gardiner had 35 votes, Thomas Durfee had 37 votes, and was declared elected A message was sent to the Senate, informing that body of the organizition of the House. A message was sent to the Senate, inviting the Senute o join the House in Grand Committee, for the purpose of receiving and counting the votes for general officers for the year ensuing. A message was received from the Senate, that the Senate declined the invitation of the House, and invited the House to join in Grand Commit« tee for the purpose of receiving and counting the votes for general officers and for the election of other oflicers, On motivn, the House declined acce_rting the invitation of the Senate, by a vote of 3710 33, as follows : AYES~Mesers. Allen, Angell, Arnold, Babcock, F. Brown, G. H. Browne, Buffum, Carr, Comstock, Coitrell, Dana. Davis, Fenner, Fiske, Gavitt, Goodwin, A. Harris, E Har:we, Hazard, Hopkins, Kenyon, E Mathewson, Money, Pearce, Phetteplace, Purrinion, Roberts, Robinson, Stone, Taft, Tourtellot, Wardwell, Wetherell, Williams, Wright—3s6, 2 ) S 7 NOES~Messrs. Adams, H. Anthony, J. Amhonr, Bos. worth, Barstow, Bayley, Blodget, Brayton, Browaeil, Car remer, Chace, Clarke. Collins, énnsmn. Currey, Dixon, Jurlee, Eldred, Finch, Greene, Hall, D. 8. Ilarns, Holden, Hunter, Johason, A. C Mathewson, Olney, Osborne, C, C. Potter, W, 11. Pouier, Rathbone, Rhodes, Shefficid, Spen. cer, Stead, Turner, Weavel~—37. Which result was communicated to the Senate by message. s ¢ A message was received from the Senate, invit ing the House to join the Senate in Grand Com mittee, for the purpos: of receiving and counting the votes for general officers and inducting the officers elect into their respective offices. The House accepted the invitation, and tendered to the Senate the use of the Hall of the House of Representatives for the purpose of meeting the Senate 1n Grand Committee. The Senate then joined the House in Grand Commitlee. Governor Anthony in the Chair. The proxies were received from the several towns. x The following gentlemen were appointed a com mittee to count the voles® Newport County—Messra Simeon Babcock, Wm. P. Shefliely, Andrew F. Potter. Providence County—Messrs. Samuel Currey, Nathan Porter, Daniel E. Carpenter, Gideon Bradford, Olney Arnold. 2 7 Washington County.—Messrs. Joseph Gavitt, John [.. Champlin, James G. Sisson. Kent County.— George J. Adams, Simon H. Greene, Nathan Carr. Bristol County.—Thomas G. Turner, Hezekiah C. Wardwell, Benjamin Hall. The Secretary and Clerks of the Senate and House were added. The Grand Committee adjourned until six o’clock, p. m. Turspay Arreawoon, May 6. IN GRAND COMMITTEE. The Committee appointed to count the votes re ported ae follows: ELDERKIN. Whole number of electors voting, 13 242 Necessary to a choice, 6,622 Philip Allen has + 6935 Josiah Cliapin, 6,106 Edward Harris, 186 Scattering, 18 Allen’s majority over all others, 028 LIEUT. GOVRRNOR, Whole number of electors voting, 13,243 Necessary to a choice, 6,622 William B. Lawrence has 6,787 Rowse Babeock, 6,269 Stephen Wilcox, 196 Scattering, 2 Lawrence’s majority over all others, 3N SECRETARY OF STATE Whole number ot electors voting, 13 226 Necessary to a chpice, 6,614 Asa Potter has 6815 Chris. E. Robbins, 6,214 Geo. L. Clark, 194 Scattering, 3 Potter's mojority over all others, 404 e ~ ATTORNRY GRNERAL. Whole number of electors voting, 13.081 Necessary to a choice, 6,541 Walter S. Burges has 6744 Joseph M. Blake, 6,114 Thomas Steere, 191 Scattering, 32 Burges’ majority over all others, 407 GENERAL TRRASURER. Whole number of electors voting, 13,180 Necessary 10 a choice, 6 591 Edwin Wilbur has 6,773 Samuel A. Parker, 6.196 George H. Charch, 193 Seott ring, 18 Wilbur's majority over all others, 366 The Committee reported the usual resolution HOUSE., IN GRAND COMMITTEE. GOVERNOR. declaring the election of the several « flicers bav ing the majority. The report of the Committee was read and the resolation passed, Mr Ballou of the 8 nate and Messrs Eldred and BuTom of the House were appointed by the Chair a committee to wait upon the officers elect and in= furm them of their eleetion. I'he committee returned, sccompanied by the officers elect, The oath of office was then wdmin istered to the Governor and Licut. Gosernor eloet by the Sceretary of State. Upon retiring from the Chair, Gov. Anthony addreseed Gov Allen as follows: May it please your E'xcellency : L dehiver 1w your bauds the power which, two years ago the people of this State, by their free vote, and in eonformity with the constitution and the laws which they ™ bad ordained, committed 1o mine, and which now, by the same free vote, and under the same consiitunon and laws, of which you are the appointed guardian, they have trausferred to yours, %uu are called to the head of a commenwealth, which possesses in a remarkable degree the ele menta of social happiness, which stands, in some respects, among the foremost of enlightened come munities, and which we should in no respect suffer to fall behi d the commonweslihs arvund ue in those things which maioly adorn aud diguily civ ilized life. In whatever position, publie «r private, the changes of admivistration and the mutations of party may place us, nothing can deprive us of the privilege, uothing can release ua frun the obliga tion, 1o labor with our best endeavors for the true interesia, the enduring prosperity of the Siate, which is the mother of us all. I retire from the publie service with a grateful) sense of the honors conferred upon me by ithe peo ple, with a deeper attachment for the principles and the institutions of Rhode Jsland, and with my best wizhes towards your Excellency for a furiunaie and successful administration of the responsible duries which you huve assumed. And whoever may fill this chair, whoever may occupy these seats, 1 ‘shall not cease to invoke upon all the deliberations uf Ihis body the continued guidance and direction of that benignant power in whose fear the fovndations of this S.ate were laid, and in whose favor it hath rown from a pathless wilderness to become the Eappy abode of a frec and intelligent people, Gov. Allen replied as follows : I fully appreciate the remarks you have made on this occasion. No exertions on my part shall be wanting to execuie faithiully the duties ot the office to which I have been elecied. The oath of office was then administered to the Secretary of State, Attorney Genersl and Gen eral Treasurer by Gov. Allen, and the usval pro clamutions were made Mr. CRANSTON moved that the proxy votes of be delivered to the Shenfl ot Newport county, by bim be burnt, which motion prevailed. Oa motion of Mr. CRANSTON, the Grand Committee rose, and the iwo Houses separated, Alter having been celled to order, each House adjourncd, SENATE. The Senate met at 10 o’clock—a quorum present. Senators Byron Diman and Wm C Chapin presented certificates of election and were engaged. The joint rules and orders of the last Asvembly were adopted on the part of the Senate. Messrs. BALLOU, GREENE and PORTER were appointed a committee to revise the rules of the Senate. Returns of military companies were received and referred. Peutions of John J. and Isabel Watson, and Asa Potter and wite, tor leave to sell real esta e, were ref rred. The Senate accepted an invitation from the Houseto join in Grand Committee in the afler noon The Senate then adjourned to weet at 3 o’clock, HOUSE. The House met at ten o'clock. The rules of the House and the joint rules and orders of the two Houses of the last year, were adopted for the present year ) The House invited the Senate to&oin in Grand Commitiee for the election of ufficers usvally elected in Grand Committee PETITIONS PRESENTED AND REFERRED. Ty the Commitlee on the Judiciary—Of E.J, Andrews for improvement of state road in the town of Portsmouth ; of John O Mowry end wife ; of Geo. Fairbanks vs. Benoni Cahoone, for leave to appeal action; of Lyman Hawkes, et al, for leave to appeal for damages vs. Providence and Worces ter Railroad Company. To the Committee on Corporations —For libera tion of Asa Warden; ol Warwick Institution for Savings for amcndment of charter; of Wm. Viall et al,for charter of Harrison Steam Mill Company; of R. I Mutal Life Insurance Company for amendment of charter To the Commiltee on Flinance —Of Israe! French for remission of fine and coste and liberation. Tothe Committee on Convicts’ Petitions —Of John Rathbone et al, tor liberation of Calvin Rathtone; of Wm. Jeffers for liberation, To the Committee on Real Estate -Of Robert Wilson, administrator, to sell reul estats. SETATE AUDITOR. . Mr CRANSTON, ot Newport, gave notice that he would, to-morrow, introduce an act to create the office of Auditor, PUBLIC GROUNDS IN THE COVR. The memorial of the City Couvncil of Providence, asking for the passage of an act authorizing the city to make and hold such lands as the public good may rcquire, to be used as public lands only, referring particularly to a connexion of the two sides of the Cove at Sabin strcet and the State Prison, and the enlargement of the State Priron lends, was taken up and referred to the committee on the judiciary. i Y Mr OLNEY, of Providence, presented a memo rial from the City Council of Providence, praying that the Asserubly would revoke the power given to the Providence and Worcester Railroad Com= pany to locate their road in the city of Providence. Adjourncd. : SENATE. The standing committees were announced by the chair. MrGREENE was excused from serving on the judiciary committee, by request. The Senate then joined the House in Grand Comumitiee. HOUSE. The Speaker announced the standing commit tees of the House, = IN GRAND COMMITTEE. The two Houses went into Grand Committee and proceeded with the election of the following officers. His Excellancy Governor Allen in the chair. Crekrks or Supreme Counr. Newport County—Joseph Joslen, of Newport. Providencs Cornty—F.dwin Metcalf, of Provi. dence. Kent County—Silas Weaver,of Fast Greenwich. Bristol County—George H. Reynolds, of Brisiol, Washington County—passed (or the present. Crerks or Court or Common gun. 4 Newport County—George C. Shaw, of Provi ence. ~ Providence County—Levi Salisbury, of Provi dence. Washington County—Mathew Chappell,of South Kingstown. |Brmol County—Massadore T. Bennett, of Bris tol. Kent County—Hazard Carder, of Warwick. s Sukrirrs., > Newcport County—\W illiam J. Roberts, of New. ort. Providence County—-Burrington Authony, of Providence. ' The Grand Committee adjourned till to morrow at ten o'clock. Stavpive CommiTTRES. The following Standing Committees for the resent political year, were announced in the two rlou-eo of Assembly, by their presiding officers, on Wednesday. JOINT COMMITTEES, On Executive Communications ~=Hon ‘Wm. B. Lawrence; Senators, A. C Greene, Porter; Re resentatives, Barstow, Adams, Hunter, Tourtels lot. Dana. On Accounts—Senators, Barnes, Manchester, Sisson; Representatives, J. £nthony, Turner Car penter, Dana, Durtee. ’ On Real FEstate—Senators; Spink, Church, Angell; Representatives, Stead, D. S Harris, Brownell, Wardwell, Gavitt. ~ On Convict Petitions —~Senators, Hawkes, Fry, N. Greene; Representatives, Blodget S, H. Greene, Bailey, Wetherell, Comstock. SENATE COMMITTERES. On the Judiciary = Messrs. [orter, Ballou, *A.C, Greene. Bradfurd, Diman, On the Militia ~ Messrs. Wilcox, N. Greene, Cross, Hill, Champlin On i’inma-dcuu. Bradford, Whitman, Hag ard. Anthony. Macy. On Corporations ~ Messrs. Lawrence, Francie, Potter, Waterman, Collins On Education —Messrs. Ballou, Knowles, Cha pin, Ball, Bicknall. HOUSE COMMITTERS, On Militia <Messre. Rathibune, Turner, Arnold, Weaver Muathewson, Weoxesoav, May 7. AFTERNOON.