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- - - II H""-T"! ' "U-""Um! "'"""'WWBWMH IMMMM M, , , , , .U1LLJU111-J1J feW TO J3EC031E A SAILOtt. llotlno hlfo on llio United States Training Ships Successful Operation of tho School for the Improvement of American Seamanship. Tho ollbrts of tho navy dopartinont to educate and train a body of young Americans, through tho training school system, forsoamon for tho navy, says The Nciu York Mur, has proved an Admirable and successful experiment. In the early clays of the history of tho navy tho hardy iishormon of Now En gland supplied tho service with a splondid body of well-educated, ex perienced soamou. During tho rovo lutiomuy war through tho long con tost of 1812-14, and up to tho Mexican war, and, indeed, until tho civil war, an abundance of theso young men manned our ships. TJio Incroaso of tho navy called ior by the oxigoncios of a tremendous struggle, including tho blockade of a long coast, demand ed more men than tho lishmon could supply, and it bocamo nocossary to draw from every source material to render oilii .on tho immonso iloot hastily improved for tho occasion. Many of those new men preferred lifo on tho shore after tho war terminated, and it was found dillicult to keep tho ranks in tho service properly filled. It then bocamo important to devise a inolhod by which tho very best ma terial should bo enlisted and educated for tho important dutios of Amorican soamen. After somo years the presont training school system was dovisod, and it has' since boon steadily adhered to and elaborated. Now tho training ships are sending out yearly a host of apprentices, who aro gradually man ning our ships and making tho ser vice vigorous and equal to its best tra ditions. This system is well worth a review for tho information of those who have an intorost in tho welfare of a very im portant arm of tho public service, as well as those who desiro to take ad vantage of its benolits. By an act of congress authority was givon tho navy department to organizo and maintain schoolships lor tho purpose of edu cating a body of young mon who should gradual lill "the ranks of sea men and form tho corpso of petty oilicers on which demand so much tho pflicioncy and value of tho crows. Boys between 11 and 18 years of ago aro entitled, and aro not outitJod to discharge until they attain tho ago of 21 years. Minors must have tho con sent of parents and guardians, and must pass a satisfactory physical and mental examination. They must bo ablo to road and write. As tho system doos not contemplate using tho schools as reformatory institutions, no appli cants convicted of crime can bo re ceived. An outlit of clothing is issued to tho successful candidate, and ho is suppliod with bag and hammock and other things necessary to his comfort when heroins his ship. Ho has a place assigned him to swing his ham mock, and is instructed iii tho novel duty of taking caro of his clothos, keeping thorn clean and tidy, and taught his relations with tho oilicers of the ship and his duties generally. After being put through tho facings and giv ' ing a slight idea of tho primary military driJl, ho is transferred to tho flagship of tho training squadron, tho Now Hampshire, at tho headquarters at Nowport. Thore ho on tors upon a reg ular course oi euucaiion anu u.umug. An oilicor of tho navy of high grade is charged with tho details of instruction of apprentices and seamanship, gunnery, boats, signals and infantry. Tho oxecutivo oilicor surpervises tho daily routine of studies, orders, or ox orciscs, and maintains strict surveil lance over tho conduct, dress, and habits of tho cruo, and protects ap prentices from unjust or impropor treatment. His duty is to impross upon apprentices tho importance of quick movement, ready and implicit obedience to orders, rospoct for super iors, and attention to duty. Discipline is mild, but lirm, and it doos not tako long for thonoviato, howovor queer or stningo things may appear, to adapt himself to his novel surroundings. Besides a number of oilicers detailed for tho instruction of tho apprentices in seamanship and other professional studios, Sioro aro a chaplain and schoolmasters. Tho later prosido oyer tho various classes in tho English Btudios, which embraco spoiling, read ing, writing, arithmetic, history of tho United States, history of tho navy, writing from dictation and geography. mitiiiTrti'wW Religious instruction is givon bv the chaplain. J Six mouths aro thus spent upon tho stationary training-ship in preliminary instruction m soamanship, gunnery, infantry, broadsword oxorcisos, swim- mw ' sXnals and English studios. Ihis is followed by a torm of tho same length on board cruising ships, whore instruction in furling and reeling sails, knotting and splicing, and, m short, acquiring a knowlodgo of all the niin ufcio of a seaman's profession. As early as practicable in tho spring and autumn all cpialiiiod apprentices aro sent to cruising ships, whoro thoy continuo their studies, and when ready aro transferred to vessels of tho North Atlantic station to become regular men-of-war's mon. Whilo on board tho training-ships tho appren tices must bo careful to behavo thoni solvcs and strictly obey ordors and regulations, or thoy will moot with swift although not painful punish ment A persistently disobedient ap prentice, or one vulgar in habit or language, or whoso iniluenco upon his associates is obviously pernicious, may on rocommendation of tho command er of tho vessel, bo dismissed by tho authorities at Washington. Tho navy doos not want boys of that character, and it spoodily gets rid of them. Tho pay of apprentices is very lib eral. A third-class apprentice re ceives $9 per month and ono ration. On showing that he deserves promo tion by good behavior, intelligence, and a knowledge of his duties, ho is advanced to the rating of second-class apprentice, when his pay is $10 per month, and on still further promotion, ho is made a lirst-class apprentice, or ordinary soaman, with pay at $11 or $13 per month respectively. On cruising ships ho may receive still higher ratings for proliciency. Ho may bo promoted to petty oilicor and got very liberal pay. His promotion dopends entirely on his capacity and his work, and ho may succeed or fall as ho ina' himself dotormiue. His career, so far as tho oilicers' control is concerned, is likely to bo free and un trammolod. Generally ho wilJ find tho ollicors ready to promote his wel fare every way, and if ho bo tho right man ho "can attain any position to which ho can rightly aspire. At the termination of his period of service ho recoives an honorable dis charge and a. continuous service cor titicato, which upon re-cnlistmeut within three mouths entitles him to throo months' extra pajr and pay of rations (valued at about 30 cents per day), and also an addition of $1 per month during re-onlistmont. In case of injury sustained or illness acquired in tho lino of duty, ho is entitled to a pension. What feho Was. "I'm a poor, husband loss woman," sho wailed at tho door of tho Widows' Homo, and was taken in and cared for over night. Tho next morning tho matron called hor into tho ollico. 'Ton have no husband?" sho in- quirod tenderly. Tm murium. " No, madam," was tho roply in a toar-stained voice. "When did you loso him?" "Last wook." 'Only so recently? How sad. What was tho matter?" "Ho was poor and wanted mo to livo in two rooms on a back street, and 1 refused him." "Then you aro not a widow?" said the matron indignantly. "No, madam; only a poor, husband loss woman, an old maid if you wish to call it by so harsh a name." Tho matron bounced hor out in llvo bounces down tho stairs. -Merchant Traveler. i m i Knew the Difference. Hardup's wife had boon trying her best to havo him got hor a sealskin, whilo ho done his host to mako her think somo other fur would do just as well. Finally, ono night aftor a siogo ho said: "Now, my dear, why aro you so persistent for a sealskin? Somo fur would keep you just as warm. Can you toll tho actual ditlerouco between seal fur and other fur?" "I don't know that I can, but" "Oh, well, if you don't know tho difference, wo'll havo something else." "But my noighbors would. Come, I don't boliovo you know tho differ ence yourself." "Yob, I do. Just about $100 diflor onco." Falmcr Journal History of tho Match. From au Address by President Pinyfalr, ol the liritlsh Association. "Lot mo tako a singlo oxamplo of how ovon a potty manufacture, im proved by tho teachings of scionco, alfocts tho comforts and oulargos tho resources of mankind. When 1 was a boy, tho only way of obtaining a light was by tho tindorbox, with its quadruple materials, Hint and stool, burnt rags or tinder, aud a sulphur match. If everything .wont woll, il tho box could bo found and tho air was dry, a light could bo obtainod in two minutes, but vory ofton tho timo occu pied was much longer, and tho pro cess bocamo a great trial to the soron ity of torn per. Tho consoquouco oi this was that a fire or a burning lamp was kept alight through tho day. Old Gerard, in his horbal, tolls us how certain fungi were usod to carrv tiro from ono part of the country to tho othor. Tho tindorbox long hold its position as a groat discovory in the arts. Tho pyxtdieula igniaria of tho Romans appears to havo been much tho samo implement, though a little ruder than tho Hint and steel which Philip tho Good put into tho collar oi the golden Flooco in 1129 as tho ropro sontation of high knowlodgo in tho progress of tho arts. It continuod to provail till 1833, whon phosphorus matches woro introduced, though I havo boon amusod to find that tliero aro a fow venerable ancients in London who still stick to tho tinttor-box, and for whom a fow shops koop a small supply. Phosphorus was no now dis covery, for it had been obtainod by an Arabian callod Bechtol in tho oighth eoutury. However, it was forgotten, and was rodiscovorod by Brandt, who mado it out of vory stinking materials, in 1669. Othor discoveries had, how over, to bo mado boforo it could bo usod for lucifor matches. Tho scionco of combustion was only developed on the discovory of oxygon a century later. Time had to olapso boforo chemical analysis showed tho kind of bodies which could bo added to phosphorus to mako it ignite readily. So it was not till 1833 that matches became a partial success. Intolerable thoy then woro, dangerously inflammable, horri bly poisonous to tho makers, and injurious to tho lungs of tho consum ers. It required anothor discovory by Schrottor in 1815 to change poi sonous waxy into innocuous red brick phosphorus in order that theso defects migiiL uo rouiuuiuu, uuu iu givu ua mu safety match of the presont day. Now, what" havo those successive discoveries in science done for tho nation in this single manufacture, by an economy of timo? If boforo 1833 wo had mado tho same demands for light that wo do now, whon we consume eight matches por hoad of tho population, tho tindor box could havo suppliod tho demand under tho most favorablo conditions by an oxpendituro of ono-quartor of an hour. Tho lucifor match supplies a light in fifteen seconds on each oc casion, or in two miuutos for tho wholoday. Putting those difloroncos into a yoar, tho vonorabloanciont who still sticks to his tindor-box would re quire to spend ninety hours yearly in tho production of light, whilo tho user of lucifor matchos spends twelve hours, so that tho latter has an econ omy of soventy-oight hours yoarty, or about ton working days. Measured by cost of production at Is. 6d. daily, tho economy of timo ropresontod in money to our population is 26,000, 000 annually. This is a curious in stance of tho manner in which scionco loads to economy of timo and wealth ovon in a small manufacture." Uo Went To Shoot, Wo woro sitting in an ollico of a ho itol in a town on tho Tonnossoo .River, and a colored man camo along with a rovolvor in his hand. One of tho mon callod him into tho Uotol and asked: "Sam, what aro you going to do with that thingP" "Gwino obor to hab a riot wid Bill Potors, tho barbor," was tho prompt roply. "What's ho boon doing?" "Talkin', 'bout my muddor, sah. Yos, sah, he's bin slandorin' hor all obor town. Ho's dun got to tako it back or I'll boro him." "I guoss wo'll go over." "All right, sah' Fivo or six of us folio wod him into tho barbor shop. Potors was shaving a whito man, and ho lookod up and said: "Boy, what you doiu' wid dat olo shootin'-iron?" "Gwino tor boro vo!" ropliod Sam. "What fur?" "Kaso you has bin lyin' 'bout do olo woman." "Shoo! You jist wait!" "Oh, I'll wait! 1 ain't do pusson to put a whito gcm'lau out. Artor that gom'lan loavos do cha'r you want to look out fur mo!" Mr. Potors finishod shaving tho man, who did not ovon turn his cyos towards Sam, and then powered his iaco and and combed his hair. Sam sat thoro with tho rovolvor on his log, cool as ico, but just boforo Bill romovod tho towol from the man's throat ho said: "Boy! you go homo!" "Who you talking to?" askod Sam. "To you, sah! 1'zo got a right to talk to you." "How?" "Kaso 1'zo yor stop-faddor. I niar'd ycr muddor two hours ago. Datmakos you my stop-son, sah, an' if you don't put up dat shootor an' git out o' dia I'll wollop vo wiuui two incnos oi yor lifo!" "Hoo! You'zo dun mar'd maP" "Yos, sah." "An' you'zo my stop-faddor?" " 'Coso I is. Now you mako tracks fur dat wood pilo behind tho houso, an' whon dinner am ready you como down heah an' call ycr pa!" Sam laid tho rovolvor on a chair and walked out without anothor word, so humbled that his foot dragged on tho gravol as ho wont off down tho walk. "Como around lion.li to shoot his stop-faddor!" growled Potors. "Why, dat boy hain't got no souso 'tall! Noxt!" TMroM Free Press. Couldn't Stand It. "Aro your parents living?" an Ar kansaw school toachor asked of a boy. "Mur is, but pap ain't." "That's bad." "What's bad? That mur's livin' or that pap's dead?" "It's bad that your father is dead." "Yas, tho man that had a mortgago on the crap said so." "What was tho matter with your father?" "Ho couldn't stand prosperity." "Why, how did prosperity kill him?" "Wall, olo Bill Simmons givo pap a wholo jug o' whisky an' it was mor'n ho could stan'. Ho douo his best, but sho downed him.1' Armnsaw Trav eler. A. permanent association, to help fair dec t'ons, Is forming In Baltimore. A Fault of Education. Education needs to bo adapted to tho roquiromouts of tho individual; to bo moro porsonal in order to bo moro ellbctivo. Wo goneralizo too much ovorywhoro; nowhero so much as in tho class room. Becauso of this bo causo education runs so much to tho multiplication of studios rather than to tho stimulation of thought our ed ucated classes aro inert and iiidillbr on t. Tho avorago collego graduato finds that in tho world about him thoro is no place ho can lill accoptably to himself, and tho fault is not so much with tho wicked world as with those who first gavo diroction to his educa tion. Louisville Courier-Journal. Tears. Crocodilo toars aro things of ancient history, aud toars producbd with tho aid of onious aro oaually woll known, but it has romained for modern scionco to produco onion tears without botray inr tho prosonco of tho progressive onion itself. In fact, tho aggrossivo onion need not bo present at all. An osscntial oil is extracted from it which has all the tear compelling qualitios of the solid vogotable itself. Ono drop of this oil on a handkerchief is o-ood for ono Hood of toars, two drops produco a porsistont lit f sobbing and throo drops an appoa uee of utter abandon men t to oonsi -ning friof. Philadelphia Times. Jlow it Appl "Excelsior!" exclaim man, as ho watched tho pulldown tho curtains. 'Pray ton mo way y .I. d tho young idoMlfs heart i givo uttor- 1 anco to 'Excelsior.'' W afr apnlication has that to a window ci rtajnr ' "Aro thoy not tho shades of; night, and an thoy nt taun:$ XM&&" -Mi. Lional U'tmy .. it