Pioneer and Democrat. [volume], July 27, 1860, Image 1

About Pioneer and Democrat. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory [Wash.]) 1854-1861

Image provided by: Washington State Library; Olympia, WA

                
PHINEER AND DEMflCRAT.
©EV©'T- Tl’© "TI’LHIE UM?ED‘RES?§ ©F W]A©WUW©‘T©R‘J WEF3QJT©WY9 CP©LUTFU©§y EDET’fifi‘J’BQR’Y, [kW-x“; ARV?) GENERAL SCG‘TELMQF’SMG3E
VOL. 8.
, l
Eh: fiwnm and Qcmorrat ‘
” WBLISHED 0N EVERY FRIDAY MORSXKG‘
By EDWARD PURSTE. ‘
——+ _,,._ ‘
rams-um AE’VAEIGE, ‘ ‘
N on yen. when sent by mail or “ten at the}
”'...; 00; {or xix months, 33 00. Single coplea,i
mu.
I” p.|pl‘l‘ will be lllncoullunedmnleu II the option l
1.. puhllnher, untll I“ “ran-gel He paid.
nuns OF ADVERTISING.
"on anlM,(ll”nEl orlesn).three weeks...” 00
"nary ml'lilloml lunerllnn,. . . l l . , . . , . . . l ll 00‘
Lubeul dadm-llnn made In yearly mlverflnern. {
h. numberol lineman: mun bu dlnunclly nul
.ol .bc laugh: of ldverllnemenu men! “I. or they
up mntlnnnd tlll forbld and ohnrged accordllmlyl‘
, ‘ P. F E! o. ul| Wuhlnuon sum, u l
, , mtg ”033$ Mnnln-‘n Open “mm, In SIEI
to receive 3nd receipt for subscrlpllonund
Inasm- ln Cullfornll. 1
WASHINGNN TERRITORY: 1
WI, Geographical and Slatiuical.i
HY m: onnnnm i
union um. i
“The southern point of this line buy is‘
Point Whitehorn, and the northern share}
it formed by a iong, rounding high hiuflu
baring about N. W. from Whitehorn, nnd‘
mm three miles. The buy runs N. N.‘
3, 9* miles, with a width of I}. The bot-1
min very uniform, with capital holding:l
mud of soft mud, in from four to ten!
Inthonls. Inside the immediate shores are |
low, Ind edged with marehy patched, thick
undergrowth, and heavy wood. No direc~
tion are necesmry for entering, as there is ‘
gdepth of 15 to 20 fathom! u. mile outside, i
and 10 fathom! water on the line of the‘
ammo. During the heuries southeast
nether, no we“ is felt here in a properly}
ukctod anchor-go. “ ‘ The approxi
ute geogrlphicnl position of Point White-3
horl illat. 48° 53y N.,10n. 122° 41" W.‘
It received its present name from Vancou
ver in 1792. Passing the hinfl' N. W. of‘
Birch buy, the shore trends about N. N. E 1
{or nearly three miles, and terminates in m
high»! sandy paint, behind which lies n‘
III" lend locked harbor, having a depth
dlO fathom: inside. " ’ The south
east liters of the harbor is flat and mmhm
end Is not separated by much more then I
li|e_fron_l Birch buy. ‘
"In lhia harbor the United States and
Britleh eteomera attached to the Northwest
Boundary Survey were accustomed to an
chor. (1857.) The American commlaaion
er cncamped on the hint! about a mile north
of the boundary, the site having been ae
lected on account of fresh water, but it has
a extensive flat in front.
"Stretching to the northwest ie a Inge
shallow, marshy bay, fringed with trees and
bushel. From ila northern shore low land
eltende ae far back as Fraur river. The
Intern boundary of the hay is formed by
the eastern shore of Point Roberts.
mm nouns.
I"l'he aouthweatern extremity fit this
paint is low, and bears west by 12 or 13
like from Point Whitehorn. lta approxi
late position ia consequently Int. 48" 58’
8.. lon. 123° 05' W., or about two miles
below the boundary of the United Statea.
“ 0n the outer or Gal! of Georgia aide
of Point Roberta, the ahore runs about N.
W. 9 or 10 miles to the aoathern mud prin
cipal mouth of Frazer river. The south
point rune E. N. E. three miles, and pre
lanta for nearly the entire distance a bold
blnl about 250 feet high. and covered with
wood. Half a mile 0!! this ahore anchor-
I¢a may be had in from 10 to 15 fathom,
bat in southerly weather it must be avodi
ed. The eastern shore of the point rnna
nearly parallel with the western for 4 or 5
nilea."
nanunonu nay.
“ Bellingham Bey opens into Rosario
3mm to‘the southward of anml island,
which commanicatea with Deception l’ase
ml the channel to the out of Whiilhy’s
bland. This paaa is at the head of the
Stralta of Juan de Face, and on the out
tide 2f the entrance to Rosario Strnita.
“ The general direction of the hey is S.’
fiend N. W., its width 8 miles snd length‘
It. extending from Int. 48" 33' to let. 48°
48‘. The depth 0! Inter rnnges from 3 to‘
lo fethoms, with good sticky bottom. ‘ ‘i
Bellinghsm Bey wss first surveyed h;
Whidhy, under Vencouver's orders in 1192.
and then received its present name. In
some recent msps, the northern portion is
filled Gsston Bsy, snd‘for the southern
vrt the originnl nsme is retained; but
Inconver’s designation Is that universally‘
Ado tad of the western coast." |
laturning to the Straits of Face, and!
psssing the eutrnnce to the Canal de Ilnro,|
we Come to Vancouver’s Island. whit-11,!
{Pom this point to the ocenn, constitutes the:
north shore of the Straits. On this sido‘
In severnl inlets nnd harbors, the principal}
ones being Port Sen Jnsn, Esqnimslt lull'
Victoria hsrbors snd Sooke Inlet.
' rom- sax mm.
“The eastern head of the entrance is
formed by serersl lnrge rocks celled 01»
unstory Rocks on the Apmirelty chart of
18". From Tntoosh ieinnd Light they
hesr N. E. by N. SN. 14 miles distant,
The yidnh or the hay is I,} miles from point
'0 paint, end their hearing E. is. and W.
sN.’frern esch other. The length of the
h‘3le 3} miles on a geuerel course N. 1%.!
“\q Ind the width almost uniform at l}
“Illa! to the very hend, where eeveruli
We enter, amongst which are cooper,
lulet at the northeast, and the river Gem
OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON TERRITORY, FRIDAY, JULY 27, 1860.
l‘dou at the North. Across the entrance aI
{depth of 10 fathoms is found, except nonr'
iOhservatory Rocks, where 17 exists close:
to them. Outside we find from 15 to 2M
land inside the bottom is very regular in 7}
Ito )0 futhouis up to the head, where it do
icrcnses evenly to within half a mile of thc
ushore. The eastern side has the least nutn~i
illt‘l‘ of rocks, and u mid-channel coursci
‘clenrs everything well. In heavy southerly_
weather a swell rolls straight in, but by,
anchoring well up on either side, vessels‘
avoid it. The sides are steep, high, and
'bnl’kld by heavily timbercd hills and monnw
toins. " ’ The approximate position‘
’of Observatory Rocks is lot. 48° 31' 30 N.‘
ilon. 12-1“ 28' 15 W. - i
l “outwit-r HARBOR. 1
1 “ Esquinialt harbor is the bay where all]
ltlie British inen-of-wur lic. It. is in the:
deepest part of the large indentation culled;
Royal Bay. The entrance is a quarter of}
mil», wide, and hos two rocky heads on“
either hand, the western having Fishguardl
island oli' it, and the eastern outlying sunk
('ll I'Ot'l'i! south of it, with several islets,
From the entrance the general direction of
the hay is N. N. W., and the extreme
Ilength two miles, Al'ter passingthe heudsi
‘tho harbor opens to the cast, forming o:
beautiful small boy, where men-ef-war un-|
chor in an uniform depth of six fathoinsl
in the entrance nrc 'l and 8 futhouis, and:
the approaches for a mile give from 10 to;
l 3 fathonis. The approximate geographi-l
cnl position of Fishgusrd island is lot. 48"
25' 33 N. lon. 123’ 27' 10 W. At the
head of’the harbor is Mount Seymour.
Five miles west of the head of Esquimslt
buy is the head of a large bay coming from
“he north, and opening into the inside
‘clmuncl to the Nuimo coal mines.
vie-rents ,lIARDOR.
i “ The entrance to this harbor is 2} miles
east. of Esquitnult. As the channel is very
contracted, crooked, and obstructed with a
tell-feet bur, Vessels usually anchor outside
in 10 or 15 fathoc'us, taking care to ovoid
Brotchy lodge, with only '1 feet. water upon
it. lying about half a mile S. S. E. of the
eastern head, and S. W. three-fourths W.
from Mount Beacon, upon which was I
range with one on the shore. ‘ * The
channel inside is well marked out by buoys,
but a pilot is necessary to carry u vessel in.
The w ole length of the harbor is about 3
or 4 miles, with on avenge width of one
arm of o tulle. It is very tortuous, and
the head stretches west nearly to the hold
of Esquimalt bay, where u portage exists.
The approaches to tho hsrbor are deep
outside of Brotchy lodge, and from 20 to
10 fothouu are found inside of it. The ap
roxituate googrophiculhpouition of Mount
Eeacon is lat. 48° 34} ~ lon. 122} W.
“ The Hudson Buy Company have a
flourishing settlement. and trading establish
ment a mile and A half within the entrance,
and much of the surrounding country is
well cultivated, but the settlement hero
sbout must spread toward Esquimalt, or
upon that harbor, not only on account of
its superior excellence, but because fresh
water is scarce about Victoria. The shores
are comparatively low, but rocky, and cov
ered in part by trees. reminding one of the
rocky parts of the coast of Mnuachusqts
jand New Hampshire.” , l
Mr. Davidson in describing the nbove
hurhore has stepped into Engli-h territory.
Vuncouver’s lellud ehould never hnve been
iEnglieh ground. The geographic-l posi
‘tion of these harbors u given ebore, bring
ithem within the 49th pnrnHel, which, no
icording to the original stipnletionl, we: to
‘lnve been forever the boundlry between
the two nntione. But the 49th parallel
continued to mid-ocean, would hnve cut 08
the louthern portion of the ielund, 'end left
it within the United Staten. To Hold ob
taining eny portion of this vnlueble ielun'd,
our Government not only compromiled the
Democratic pnrty, who went into the po
litic-I campaign of 1844 with the battle
cry of “54° 40’ or fight,” or enerwerde
‘enuncinted in President Polk’e inougurel,—'
‘ but leaving even Me 49!]: parallel—to which
lit‘hed inglorionsly backed down—on er
riving It the Gulf 6! Georgie, took water
‘circuitonely end by In undefined route into
the Pucific, leaving the mutter hanging by
the “ gills," to breed trouble in the future, us
has ulrendy been the came in the recent
San Juan Inland diflicultiee, which will
idoubtleee be finally disposed of by yeldiug,
{us usual on the pxtrt oi' the United States,
:Snn Juan and Point Roberts to the British,
inoiv demanded by them as their ultimatum.
iAl‘lerJlie ratification by the Senate of the‘
itreety of June, 1846, it wee o well known
'l‘uct in diplomatic circleein Washington,‘
that Great Britain would have given up}
Vuncouvcr‘i Island to the United Stately;
had the latter insisted upon it. This was}
well known by Mri Buchnnnn, then Secre-l
tnry of Stnte in Mr. Polk’e cabinet, to:
whom it WM revealed by Mr. Packenhem,i
the British Minister then at Washington,’
and who permitted himself to be merry up—l
on the yielding of the United Staten. find
the American Administration then had thet
[courege to insist upon, and stand by the;
,righte of American citizens, we should notl
[now see an English ileet riding nt anchor:
,‘in the beautiful harhor ol' Esquimalt, ready
I lo pounce down upon us in case of any dim
'iculty relative to San Juan Island.
1 Speaking of Vancouver’s Isluml am] its
. harbors, Commodore Wiikes says of “mi
“harbor of Victoria : ‘
”This harbor is one of the mutt impart-l
‘ ant positions contiguous to our torrilorics,l
mud the only one where a naval depol can?
lbe made of any strength or convunicnce in!
I‘the lcrritory now belonging to Englund.|
llls position in an important. one, ninl Imul,|
"‘in lho even! of its being occupied by [llel
l British government I; I nuvul Minion, purl
> duce much Irritation, and my erequ/«I/yl
lead to cerium difiwfly." l
i The recent diflienlties at San Juan nro-i
Jthose foreshadowed hy Com. Wilkes twenty
iyenrs since, and a. tlcet of seven English
imen-of—war are now anchored in on: of the
ihnrbors of _Vnneouver’n lslnnd, quietly
:watching Ind awaiting events, ready not
only to take possession of thnt portion fi
the Archipelago do ”are in dispute, 9
also of Washington nml Oregon, while at
in strip of hunting belonging to n vessel oft
rthe Amerienn navy proper, floats to the
throne upon the northwest coast.
I Here we leave this subject, end like our‘
lgovernment, “ tuko wnter” through the
iStrnits of Fucn into the Pacific, closing npl
idelcriptiona, for the present, of the hundred
hnrhorn in the inlzuid seas of Washington
Territory, stopping only to give Mr. Dn
vidson’n description of one of the headlnnds
of the entrance to the Straits of Fncn.
on: runny.
“ This cnpo forms the southern head of
the entrance of the Straits ofJnnn do Fncn;
it has n bold, wild, jagged sen-face, about
[oo feet high, mneh disintregrnted by the'
wearing action of the oeenu; risen in n mile,
to no irregular hill of 1500 or 2000 feet inl
height; is cut up by gorges and covered
with a demo growth of fir and almost ini
penetrnble nnderbrush from the edge of the
cliffs to the ixnnmit. 'l‘ho shore line round
to Nenh Bay in of the name forbidding
chnrnctcr, bordered by reefs, Ind having
but one Ihort stretch of bench It the too:
of the hills. The rounding: half I mile
from shore are deep and irregular, reach
ing 68 t‘nthoml. The current run: as much
no three miles an hour, Ind during the ebb
not: irregularly round the Cope. Tutoosh
iolond, and Rock Duneon, When Icon
from the nonthwostwnrd, Cope Flutter]
looks like an island, on account of the vol-
In] three or font miles entwnnt. The heat
position for losing thin il where I single
rock 05' the Cape nhovu itself detached.
From thin direction the high mountains on
Vancouver's Illlfld loom up nnd ltretcli
far away to the northwut and to the east.
The ext nt of Ocean shore-line from Cape
Diupp‘intment (month of Columbia river)
to Capo Fintterftl 148 miles’”
W“ ~ ~—
i‘ron tho Dollo- lonntolnur.
New flan-t Route.
Idler of Lie“. Mullen, U. S. 11., to Gov
Glade“. no uw wagon road row from
For! Lannie In For! "’nlla- Walla, ria
Bitter Root Valley.
MILITARY Ilom EXPIDXTION,
Camp on Bitter Root river. W I‘.,
June 10th, 1860.
Govnxon Gnomn:
My Dear Sin—Knowing the interest you
feel in seeing every section of the Territory
developed sud opened up to settlement, I
em confident thst you will be gratified to
learn that though it has been impossible for
me this sosson, with my present force and'
menus, to explore end survey th line from
Hellmte to Fort Laramie, agoriginnlly
intended, end as you had expected, yet the
war department, acting in accordance with
reeommendatione «nods to it lsnt winter,
has deemed this line of sumcient importance
to here it explored immediately. sad for
this purpose, Ceptsin Reynolds, of the to
pogrsphicsl engineers, with quite slnrge
civil force end on escort of drsgoontt, has
already sterted from Fort Lsrnmie with
instructions to connect with our line at the
inmost practicsble point. I suticipnte meet
ing him esrly in uly. His line will unite
with ours at u well-known point in the
mount-inn, culled “Deer Lodge." n lsrgc,
srsblo Ind sheltered valley of 1,000 squnre
miles in extent. That this line is eminent
ly pructiclble for I wagon road and rail
road locntiou, I om sanguine to believe.—
The geography of the country and my
knowledge of the line, as gathered from all
sources. would show that the present emi
grsnt line, following the valley of the Plane
up to Fort Lsrsiuie, would be deflected in
'e northeasterly direction, either at Fort
Laramie or the Red Buttes, about sixty
Imilee west of Fort Laramie, and following
iolong the eastern watershed of the Wind
l River mountains, would cross the numerous
{head brsnchee of the Yellowstone, and
‘lthen the main Yellowstone about 3 miles
ifrom where it dehoucheu front the moun
‘tnins; thence, by a direct line, to tho Three
ih‘orke of the Missouri, would enter thel
ilsrge vslley of the Beaver Head of Lewisi
,& Clarke and croel the Ibocky Mountains}
i between the Jefl'erson Fork of the Missouri
end the Hellegste end Little Blackfooti
’rivers of the Columbie, sad unite with curl
, present rosdfrotn Walla-walls at the mouth,
lot the Little Blultfoot in the Deer Lodgei
I valley. I
j There are living in this region a uumheri
lof old men who have trnmyml for n .M‘uri' ul‘
‘yrnr-l in ovury Strczttnlt‘l from the l’lutti- in
the Colmnhiu, and the (with-nee of oil of
them confirm: the same urconnt tlnit tin-re
,I'xids nu open wug'nt i‘mul ruuntry dirt-rt
i'ro n llcllsgtitt: to Fort Lurutnir, uinl only
:Cuilt) miles long. A colirrrsutinn itl'lll 11l
llhe “inter of ”58, with Major ’l‘wi~'~,
lwhuse long rt‘~idenvo uniting Ihe S'uux of
’the prairie has rendered him fumilmr with
ithe country, confirmq the some. An old,
lmountniueer. Gabriel l‘rmlelmmnng who;
[was my guide in 1553 ~K hml waxed over.
[the line, nud who wus' to guide mt- over it
:in July 1854. when we rreriveil instructions‘
lthut compelled us to give up the trip. In,
leoan-t‘sution with Gov. Stevene, Captuini
illumphreys, Lieut. Warren and other all;
‘tirers of the war drpnrtment, I exprefised’
my confidence in the belief of being t-nnhled,
to find it practicable line tlint Would Open]
up it new route to the North Pacific, and,
that would not only shorten the III’CSUII'.‘
nmigmut route 400 miles, but passing
=hron-,:h n Wellegrusscd and weil-wutoruli
ll'mllllry, would render traveling ensy nudl
pleusnnt and thus avoid that long, (lren'ry
.‘L'Clioll front Fort lmrnmie vin Forts Halli
and Boise to Furl \anln-wulln. The plains,
‘uf the Yellowstone und Misssourl, neur
their sources in the Rocky Mountains, now
form the great bull'ulo must: of the conti
nent. It is here thut the Illnckfeet, Crows,
Sioux, Snakes, ”Mmt‘ki, uud the nuiuernusl
lsmnll hands west of the Rocky Mountain»,
meet every year, nnd where thousand» and
tens of thousands of yulfulo ure slaughter
ed for their robes and tongues. The oe~
counts of all travelers show thut it is the
nppsrently inexhaustible fresh melt murket
for the Indians of the mountains and prui
rio. Truly this section of western Nebras
kn is but little known, but where countless
herds of game roum, us in this nectiou, can
not mun find is new home and thus add to
ithe productive wealth of the country? 1’
iennnut hut regul‘d, therefore the explora
itiom of Unptsin Reynolds ut this little us
lfruught with most market! value to the
people of Oregon and Washington. It is
it) open up n hitherto closed section and to
point out to the emigrant new sites for fu
ture homes at the very bone of the Rocky
Mountains. With this line pructienlly
opened—along which must travel the emi
gration for the North Pacific‘fron Mie
souri,‘Kentucky’, Illinois, and the centnl
section of the country—«id with n line
opened from the bud of unrlguiou on the
Missouri to Wello-vslll, along which must
trovel Ihe emigration {rum the more north
ern section—avid: these things following in
the wake of the future, it nods-open
‘pbet vision to see the large end baud“
valleys of the Bitter Root, Holli‘lu, Deer
Lodge, Beever Head, sud others, that,
gem-like, lie embedded in the heart of the
Rocky Mountains, becoming the centre- of
populution thst, increasing yeer by yelr,
must add not only to the wenlth of eastern
Oregon end Washington, but thus supply
the link now wanting in the chin of con
tinnous settlement from the Mississippi to
the Pacific. ' .
Whut thiegton Territory now needs
is to here routes explored and roedu Opened.
The topography of the country in difficult,
iund until roads are opened connecting cen
‘tros of population, it feeling of ineletion
most ever retard her growth and prosperi~
ty. Ronda are the leuding-etringe of ell
countries, endi new countries upecinlly
they cunstilut the pulse-lo! trude, travel
iund wealth at odd to their import-nee
iend prosp rity.
i That i have felt I more then ordieery
interest that the line from Welle Well: to
the Missouri should be practically opened,
you cun well believe, end that I have pieced
myself in a position where enemiee have
been qude and where my personnel comfort:
hevo been for from being envieble, you can
,ulso believe; but whether or not my lebore
are to he attended with Incceu, 1 an trill
:ing to let the future decide. From the be
ginning, however, i heve never ceased to
Ihe sanguine ”lot the route would he practi
ic-lly opened, notwitluteudiug the scarce of
lencuiiee within end without, end the 101 l
ioi Oppoeition against which it be. bid to
‘contend. During the net whiter, notwith
standing our losses entfmishupe when over
taken by the men of the mountain, I
was determined to make one more attempt
to prove that our time end menu: were not
being uselesely expended; end I therefore
denpulciled Mr. W. W. Johnson, one of the
Civil Engineer! of my party,“ special mcsn
sengur to the War Department, to useure‘
the Secret-try of War end General Jeenp‘
that, if n movement of 800 recruits would
be made over our line this season, I would
gnuruntee their rcnching \Vullu Wullu in
safety, and at n saving of $30,000 to the‘
Qurtergnutor’s Department over all otherl
noutes; and now that the movement hue
been ordered, i feel myself pledged to its
success, 7 ,
Truly, when we View and study the dif
ferent romeo Ind niethodn panned by the
War Depurtment in founding troops to
the Pacific count in yenru put, we hue but
u too and and a truly costly picturo pre-
Muted to In: for contemplation. The move
ment of the Rifle Regiment overlnnd inl
l 1849, with its 10550! and its costs; at the‘
’4“) Infantry in 1852, via the Isthmus of
Punt-nu, mth it: long bill of mortality; of
lthe 3d Artillery, 1853, with its San Frin
cinco wreck and its nntold tale: of woe ind
cnflerlng; of the 6th Infantry in 1858, when
summoned at the moment of dmger to pur-l
low the shortcut route to Oregon, uill tru-j
one: the snow» of Siern Neruda, with ital
llosaes and its costs, and, when reaching thel
‘t'Ul‘l. iillt‘, “Vii”: l'.il'i|:t-t l'r-nn iltt- .Kt't‘litls ttl',
ti‘ilit‘iiil)‘illltitlilllfi't'l'lilllll win-ntltt-y sturtctl;
ii'ttli‘, llttm might Ilt' t't-tznrtltnl us munit
int-his of luxurs uttti cu<ts lhnt are well (‘tli'
t-ttlnit-tl tu t'nttw us to nsk UUI‘M'IHH ilti
qllt‘hliUll, “ls iltcrt- no other route to ilit‘
l'::t'ilit- t'uitst ll" nhit-li mn' troupe ('llll trut
vl, that will snrte tht' artny lirt- uttd tiny
t-uttntt'y nntultl ihuusnntls ttl' tlullar< '5" ll‘
if enough at [mat to cutttpt-l us to market
ihe experiment olnny ncw tuute iltnt pre-I
‘suitis itsulr, lit! its Colii'llulltlitliinis upon its,
intro l't-u' or many. But I claim for ilte{
I'ttutc “‘in St. Louis It) \\'niln \anln, win,
the Missouri and Columbia riVurs. liltlt'Ct
‘than negntive advuntnges. In the firsti
place, it is Within the limits of our leli
,Tt-rritury, and by naiigatble strcntns. This,i
,in times ofpt-ztro, may he of minor import-i
‘illil'P, untl il('lll'(‘ not. regarded by llltllli'i
{with itti full shut-t- of weight; but in titnt-s‘
inf Will" how llit)lll"illit)llrt liecontcs the prob
lvm i 0 soit‘P, and how drlit'nte the positionl
,in which the “'nt' Dcpurttncnt must findl
ii'sclt‘ placed. 0n the score of t-cmmtny tho
mrupositiun is as one to two. The hunks}
‘ol‘ the Quartermaster-Gent-ral, ckaminetl by
his permission nntl nutltui'ityi in lßsß,proved
‘liizll. tltu L'th'l of sending the 9th lut'ntttry
,tu this coast nttd placing the troops at
'tln-ir rcspcciire pusts, cost the Department
£2OO per innit. ’l‘ht- mntrttcts now Ittkt'n,
land the t-u~'t of pntiitn: the sunny in ””4316.
ipnlutt-nt of Oregon, rin Fort Bunion, w ll
lll' SIOO pt’l' man, from St. Louis. 'l'licse,
‘liit'll, me two sullicivnt arguments thnt
intust forever l'l‘mlllll potent lid of weight
ito the General Governmeutfin itti adminis
tration of the War Department. But
ithcre are other contingent, attd to the
army itself, no lust. powerful arguments
tltut are far from being negative.
Who that ilfl.\Bl'L'li the recruits anti old
soldiers of our army so packed and wedgtrd
in among the steerage passengers from
thw York to Suit Francisco, until we could
iwcll believe tittit wwtforl was what u life at
isen did not possess; with the sultry heat oi
the tropics—rendering diseaso not only
probable, but certain; with few opponent
ties, it‘ any, for drill nnd discipline on ship
board; with all Ihe attendant risks and
[Jansen—has not asked himself the ques
tion, “if this was to be the permanent
imilitnry line or trarcl fru‘the Atlantic to
the Pacific?" True, on such trips, the
comfort of the other is not only,govlded
for, but studied/y provided for. at how
tart-s the private soldiers! Thorntlarings
and discmtorts of the men on these pa
sages might well be passed over and lot
gotten, in the hope that they are soon to
end. But what are the coatings-Horas
tages via the Missouri and overlaid to is
navigable waten of the Columbia! Is the
tint place, the Government has its own
transports where they are true and untran
tneled, and where the area arsaotpuly has
from all discomforta of unit-kn“. hat are
iuarondition and have ample space {or
drill and parade every ,day. They pass
along flourishing towns, villages and hour
lets, whore markets of trash neat and veg.
etobles can be had day by day, until the
upper waters or the Missouri bring “to.
among the countless herds of Male, and
where now they pun through luff. 111
roving heads nl Indian as 5 flat
but powerful and salutariooho of tho voles
ol the General Government. Donating
Fort Benton, the soldier, who slotted 'I ra
crult, begins an overland y of “0
miles through what is now a w to
habitod only by large and Infill“ 0'
Indians. Ho makes his hatch. day by
day, as on a campaign, and oa%uttll‘ht
prepared for danger or quiet. mm;
today-teat, as produced byallh ataa'n,‘
hm gives plane to a healty, «raga-luv
bust soldier; lax discipline hero 3“. th
to the active and useful discipline the
field, in which not only the mhm
young otlicers themslves had a '
liraughtwithlaatnotion. Thonor'al‘tit
upon the Indian mind is groatfisohtu‘y;
and the body ot than who star Img“
Louis, as recruits, roach Walla Walla as
soldiers tried la the leld, and when w
assigned to their marl-oats and Cult-lies
have nude a mods m of in
months, and possibly saved other troops
from making a more active on. at route}
costs and at grum- haunts Imm
then, are not pitta: arguments, w
derHeaven will you Ind then! M H
are such as are well culminate-math
Veriqst enemy of our military establish-sat
lesl bitter in his ranch and hostility'for
lthat class and that profession. who not;
in years past, labor long, haul and ‘
'ly, and whose reward is snail and slow in
the coming. But lan willing that the“-
tare should be the aged-cala- cruil to
which the truth or falsity of our views
ishould be reduced.
My several letters to Col. 'l‘illol, Savoy
or-General, have assured hi. that ho has
a broad held before hint in the exploring
and surveying this region but so ltttlo
known.
This would not be the placel even it I
lhad the time, to refer you to maay luea|i~
{ties of marked value, affinity to the p
ologist. Who yet has e lorod thorough
le and written the history of the geology ot
the Rocky Mountains? The ltantenao do
i yosits of beautiful red sandstone, loanliferv
'ous limestone, the seam and bode 0! "our
lore and traces 01 copper. through which
in are daily passin‘, are enough to arrest
!our attention, and to ask if the God of na
‘ture placed these deposits in this region
‘witiiout un object or an end? I have in
‘ my possession a larp mass of load brought
iii-om the Kooteuay river, where the moun-
NO. 36.
.tnins themselves are formed of it in
mingled with silver; and l am now fitting
'out n sinnll pnrty under Mr. Sohon, to I!-
fllllllll‘ the extent of n ('ole deposit recon",
‘disem‘l-reil contiguous to our line. Who
,vnn 3in what. Ininerul weulth yet lies ell
,hetltleil Hi this range of mountnins, which
lhnve been regnrilml as the great bnrrier to
‘t'ontinuous trnvel across the Continent?—-
l Washington Territory needs e thorough
'geologienl examination by some person Mat
only competent to the task, but whose le
-Ihor \\ nnld prove his pleasure. Congroll
‘itwlf has not been nnrniulll'nl of this, but.
imth I foresight und liberality worthyof
lhigh commendation, did nppoiut Isa-olefin
und npproprinte funds for geological ens-_-
inution. But when: shell we find the re
isulle? I should like very much to no
lGeonzc Gibbs, Esq , take hold of this m'r
iter with hi: Well-known nhility and energy,
innd thus odd I new volume to the kilos,
of thington 'lerritory. Cannot nonw
thing be done by the Territory itself at the
next session of Its Legislature, to line the
country geologicnlly explored? Aside from
‘nny direct act on in the nutter on than
or either the General or Territotlol Vr
crnment, I nm sanguine to believe M I”
explorations of the Northwest Bound-I'7
Commission, and other parties now In th '
held, together with the lug. ' and I.“
corps of Civil Surveyors under WI
'l‘tlton, will do much to develop truthfully
the geology of the country [rout the My
iMountnlnn to the coast. ‘ ..
Hoping, then, thnt the "WEI-hm
movements now on foot any In
with benefit to ell. Ind wlth my than!"
'the interelt yon hnve this hr M“
the success of our program, hit” 4,;,
Truly, your noodle-tag" "d
JOHN l,
WCUIQ'W;
Jumnsa Inwa.—-The severity of.“-
Japanese In" in exceuivo. Th: unfit"
prohubly the bloodiest in thalworld. Booth
is the prencribod Ivunlshmeufifor boat of
l‘cnces. The anuneu mm to proud OI
‘the principle that ho who will viola. ell
lluw will violate :ny, And that tha'wifluj flv
olntor is unworthy to ll"; bad In m
be trusted in society. There In “pro:
feuionnl lawyorl In tho klngdohyw
man in dumnd WWI‘ W“ 'li
plunder. Ift port, k W“. b h
modinlely Ippoulu to the mlfltrflo w.
whom the other pm, in m undo , ,
pelr. The cm in and by ‘ “ft
nut l. bl- own mud (h ;»'
hard [I reply. “it . '
m. 13mg.“ v - -. “r
8"“ ”I g!“ ‘Ol. ..
tecting f’ulnehood. :l ' .Y” ~
it In curled Into elect W [:1;
deal-Touch". ism-mil.» " ‘"
vintage-an, Randal-MAW '
And-cub the nutter 91%“ V
aid or friends; “an or "-'
thlt lt mun be that willed. q “‘3’“,
couuqmeu wlllruuflt »- 'ls:], fl
momma-um - ‘ ’2' W
ward. ‘ mun w > '
wrvaigwmmfix, f' ”
neu. Tho prison dint}; , ‘ ~,. V ‘
poor; hummus-In r 1“:
buy bum (cod, oi W ‘ 41,5, 1;
throw-Jilly will!“ ,' ‘ "\
molnollhfl'h my“? ‘
hunorlgu to {mfg 4;, 3::-“if
pooroltmll th ‘1 a 1.163; .
“Magma" " Ci >¥£¢"‘ :f
Immu- ‘ - w- ". .4:
Eur, “1:5.“ -, » . V .
peculiar arm n ‘
bowl (in: towo with ',v TQV" v"
nplnnto-ph ~ q. f; .5
thou-h A“ H - .‘ ’...”). ‘1
do pd- dlro,‘ . ‘ _ _ t
Thu hum 59M '
plocolcbr-MIM 4.. Tu?" . f" ‘.A
unnuoftbo Idr; f u’ . .X'i '; 27‘
"mm“m '* my ‘ ~ '
is m' = ‘ $ ' 1
old who nprovd in!“ 'm '
“'l6th . ‘ ‘ m :11...
pll'lulvltilu~ ‘ 2 fine”? i"x
nun-mint ' .’l" 3,;
“than. ' $4,? "9':
limo:
the cur-cunt m » . ' " g
be .‘nltond lro- " .’. W 5 ’
nyloltl'mn. Air”, ~ 11‘! '
rebate- Icri Indy lint - ' j #l,,
and after renal-mar M , V, ,
Tobernncb. 3d; Ym‘, ‘ “'l' ~ I
‘rpioioldnfim ~ ‘ ‘1 J Q ‘ .
‘ omm; '0 : . 4 ,
“We but at thin I“ “I“
.ion. :0 get rid of a... may“...
onlly come but. Wflm
nition on tho world Kandy-j ,
than); be: “:ucb i. u—t- . v"!
hero to po to othrl,_ or
whore pollution 1. lon Wail-r g
‘filthy map ll I flock «may;
beams-r tho Ibolo tint, brim :'
Hunger, the Ii“ to.
when nine hnfldrodMl-ont" _
u good u cu: bO. ht ‘
lamenring by the tn llth,“ ‘
ltriod to mm the filthy-afldtbfi
um they nan ms was my. .5;
such defile. to out! . . ,4.
whole flock, nnd- n In" “m K"
The bid odo whlcll magi-q a“
Mormon who ln eat-It ”a.
Gentiles in th nuchttn b. m...
the arch-rebound mm. . N 1..“
-—~r-—o.o-———-—,,: m »,
I a-‘rbebutl’urlfyurolthM-mw
pgnll: Ydlowlbcl And IodIII H P“- u