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MINNEAPOLIS SPOKESMAN "An Independent Newspaper" ||§s& Established Auffwt 10. IM4. by Ceekl E. Nrruua II Published every Friday by Publishing Co. Editorial and Business Office* at 114 Third Avenue South. Minneapolis 15, Miaassots. U. 8. A. BRidgeport 3595 —PHONES— Midway 8340 Entered as second-class matter October 24. 1834. at the post office at Minneapolis 15, Minnesota, under the Act of March 1. 1878. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: One year. 12.50; six months. 11.50. Out-of -state: 33.00 per year. 11.75 for six months. Payable strictly in advance. St. Paul Office: 312 Newton Bldg. (357 Mmneeota St.), St. Paul 1. Minnesota De Velma Newman Assistant to Publisher Nell Dodson Russell. News Editor Wilia Booker —Secretary Curtis C. Chivers.Advertising and Circulation Washington Bureau: Hun MeAlpin ot NNPA. 1318 Vermont Are, N W. Washington. D. C. National Adrertisinc Kapreaentatirea: ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS. Ina. 562 Fifth Avenue. New York 19. N. Y. BRrant 9-U7T Duluth Corrv»pvndent. Zillah Water,. 719 Sth Ave. East, Duluth 8. Minnesota This ■ a heal puhiieaxioa Member Necro Newspaper Puhliahera Aeaociation Member Minnaaota Editorial AaaociaUoa Thia newspaper assumes no responsibility for unaolicitod manuscripts, photos or engravings. Such are submitted at the owner's risk. News Services; Continental and N.N.P-A. Services All the Negro race asks is that the door which rewards industry, thrift intelligence and character be left as wide open to him as to others. Mare than this he has no right to reguest loss than this the Republic has FRIDAY, JULY 27, 1945 Poor Community the exception of Palm and Easter Program Planning >undaj> Men’s Day is usually one of the Last Sunday three of our domin annual features scheduled in Twin ant churches held their Men’s Day Cities churches. Its counterpart, services on the same day. We think Women’s Day, vies with the male this is poor planning because each observance. On these special days of the programs had speakers men and women of the various de- whom members of each of the nominations cooperate in helping to other churches would like to have bring a crowd to the sponsoring heard. Besides not being good church. Efforts are also made to planning, it has another disad attraet unaffiliated men and worn- vantage. The goodwill between en to the church program in the congregations considered essential community as these gatherings to successful church program-plan usually attract a larger attendance ning in the community, is lost when than any of the special days with their various “big days’’ collide. An Editorial and a Reply ADVERTISING AGE, a trade journal, in its July 9 edition, ques tioned the wisdom of establishing a permanent fair employment prac tices committee. The publication used as its argument the old theory that social changes must be accomplished by ‘‘education.’’ We are reprinting the editorial and a classic, effective reply from H. B. Law, a Chicago advertising man, which was printed in current issue of the AGE. The editorial follows: Fair Employment Practices Our Washington grapevine tells us that the Fair Employment Practices Act, which has been before Congress during the current session, and which in one form or another has been presented to many state legislators, will probably not pass before Congress adjourns. Like the social security bills, however, it may be ex pected to come up for further consideration later on. New York State enacted a similar measure into law, and Illinois found that its advocates put a lot of pressure behind it, although it failed of enactment. We think those representing minority groups who have been pressing for legislation of this kind are well meaning, but we also believe that they do their own people a disservice in attempting to penalize, by fine and imprisonment, employers who do not recognize minority groups on a proportionate basis of representa tion. The only safe rule for any business is to employ and advance on merit, but if fair employment practices were made a matter of legislative edict, merit would have to be subordinated to the problem of giving all groups representation in proportion to population. In addition, we are far from convinced that the way to solve social problems is by legislation, and this is essentially a social problem. If there is racial prejudice which denies employment opportunities to any group, the task is to educate the majority and to break down the barriers of prejudice, not to compel acceptance of policies for which neither employers nor the public are prepared. Prohibition was a noble experiment, but it failed because the public was not ready for it. Most employers recognize the important principle involved in fair employment practices and are working toward the goal of justice to all, but progress will be hastened through education rather than compulsion. There you have some of the stock arguments used against FEPC. Here is Mr. Law’s cogent reply: To the Editor: It's interesting to see your editorial columns wandering into such a touchy field as fair employment practices. But I’d like to ask how and why a usually hard-headed com mentator like yourself can get so gosh-awfully naive about a dyna mite-loaded topic like this one. I guess I’m one of those “well meaning representatives of minority groups” whom you write off as “doing a disservice” to their own cause. Anyway, I’m a sort of public relations counsel to the city’s No. 1 inter-racial organization, and I’ve had my feet wet clear up to my neck for quite some years. May I therefore raise a few questions—all based on your editorial? You say, “The only safe rule for any business is to employ and advance on merit.” Obviously right! But isn’t that where the whole trouble begins? If Negroes, for example, actually were “em ployed and advanced on merit,” no one would even be thinking about a Fair Employment Practices Act. How in the world can you blithely wave aside the terrific pattern of discrimination and segre gation which now exists? You say, “If there is racial prejudice . . . the task is to educate the majority, not to compel acceptance.” I have been spending a lot of time, for quite a few years, trying to help do just that. It is an excellent idea, but just about the toughest educational job anyone could conceive. Of course such efforts are desirable. But to set up any such long range program as a substitute for necessary immediate action is certainly a naive concept, at best. It seems mighty strange, too, to have a research-minded organi zation like ADVERTISING AGE say that forced acceptance of proper employment standards just doesn’t work. It would take only a very little research, right here in Chicago, to show that it does work beautifully. • Force, as embodied in the wartime manpower shortage, and force, as embodied in FEPC activities during the war, has been out standingly successful. Successful particularly in the sense that plants which began to employ Negroes because they couldn’t help themselves have gone on to learn that nearly all those anticipated difficulties just didn’t materialize. There are exceptions, of course, but where the situation has been intelligently handled, the record is almost unanimously favorable. Probably the greatest educa tional job ever done in the field of race relations has been the very simple one of letting millions of white workers find out for themselves, by direct daily contact, that Negroes are human beings and mighty likeable ones, at that. You say, “Most employers are working toward the goal of justice to all.” Will you please tell me how I can translate that phrase to some of my very capable Negro friends who are looking forward to the end of the war with one thought always uppermost in their minds—the good old rule of "last hired and first fired.” When business men try to dispose of this problem with a wave of the hand and a few pat phrases, they are only kidding themselves and side-stepping their basic responsibilities. I’m sure ADVERTIS ING AGE is not one of those who are covering up a lot of vicious prejudice with those same pat phrases—but you certainly are giving aid and comfort to those who do. So, may I ask that you go back to your own statement that “the only safe rule for any business is to employ and advance on merit”—and then tell us what methods short of legislative com pulsion—or worse—will serve to correct present evils and head off the terrific mass tragedy which lies just ahead for so many millions of perfectly good American citizens ? H. B. Law, Advertising, Chicago. It has been demonstrated time and again that colored pupils in the North outrank Southern whites in given tests. It is possible that some tests may be geared to urban intelligence levels, thus handicap ping pupils with rural background. Such inequities, we believe, should be eliminated in any revised tests which may be formulated. We ask no special tests, however. We don’t need them. Given equal economic, social and educational opportunities, we’ll take on any tests that come and let our record speak for itself—Afro-American. 1 J _ JpO <'■ i ' j Ji I $ The future means advancement but the past means achieve ment. Youth would show wisdom to respect old- age. Long on Talk, Short on Action There appears to be no ceiling on talk. For the last four years, at least, we Negroes have rivaled the filibustering tactics of Senate and Congressional poll-taxers in our con tinual spouting about this and that on the race question with positive action a stone-dead duck. We hold mass meetings to protest or to demand this or that; we stand on corners and gripe and bemoan our fate; we take to the pulpit and preach long and tire some sermons about our rights, and then we wind up everything with a windy prayer to no one in general but to the white man in particular to let up a little and give us a break. Today’s positive action by Ne groes seems confined to the activi ties of the over a million Negroes in the armed forces and to a scat tered few civilian Negroes who are sincere in their efforts to DO in stead of TALK. Armed Services Proving Grounds Best job of all is being con tributed by our sons and relatives in the armed forces who are sacri ficing life and limb to prove we are entitled to economic, political and social freedom. They reasonably expect that their efforts on the battlefields be paralleled on the home front to some degree so that the fight that looms ahead will not be too hope less. Instead, the record reveals that the attention of the folks at home center on talk and “note writing.” The few concrete gains seem to be those granted by the white man when he sees advantage for himself. It is true that under the late President Roosevelt the Negro made certain advances in the line of recognition of his ability, even if most of such advances were con trolled rigidly and under the con stant supervision of the white man as the final authority. Such was still is the case in the numerous “advisory” jobs the Roosevelt ad ministration turned over to Ne groes in Washington and through certain State governments which took their cue from the White House. Officer Personnel Is Increased It is also true that the most outstanding advance by the race has been in the armed forces where the Negro officer personnel has been tripled over that of World War I under President Woodrow Wilson’s anti-Negro Democratic machine. This war has brought a Negro a berth as a general in the army, many others wear the insignia of colonels, majors, captains and lieutenants. However, in the light of the history and politics of this country, as well as the real back ground of the war, one would not ask amiss if he inquired further into the question and found that the Roosevelt policy of liberality in advancing the Negro in the armed services was not done “ac cording to plan.” Pearl Harbor posed many ques tions, among them a pertinent one involving color. It will be remem bered still that Dorie Miller, first Negro Naval hero, was a messman and confined to that status because of the overall policy of the Navy Department. There was also discerned in sub sequent actions by Washington a disturbed state of mind about the so-called pro-Japanese subversive acts allegedly committed by cer tain groups of misguided Negroes in Harlem, Chicago and Detroit. In estimating the consequences, it may be said that the Negro gain ed from the very evident miscon ception of where his loyalty lay. Thus, it would seem that Roose velt acted more to attain a certain goal in welding all American ele ments into a more or less solid front against the “Yellow Peril” than from any real benevolent in tentions toward the Negro’s cause. Recognition Not Due to Notes If that be the case, then it can be safely stated that this recogni tion came without undue action on our part aside from writing notes to the President to complain of By Dan Gardner this or that. It can also be observed that our advancement in the postwar period must be based on the amount of fear we can inspire, for without such inspiration of fear of our political and economic strength, we can expect little or nothing. This is still a white man’s world; the issues of the war today seem to point to one of white supremacy aside from the obvious necessity of eliminating a dangerous foe. In our case, this is still a white man’s country and all the talking on the corners, in the pulpits, on the radio, and in the convention halls will not change that situa tion one whit until we prove as are our men in uniform what we say by actually going to bat, barring no holds and giving no quarter. To attain status we must at tain respect from the white man. Until we are willing to actually fight, we will always be bound to our present rating as “wards” of the government and with “no rights a white man is bound to re spect.” Better People Needed There will never be a square deal for the colored man in Am erica until we get some better white people.—Dr. Earnest Hooton. Time Magazine’s July 23 edition referred to Dr. W. E. B. Dußois as Reverend Dußois. Bet the learned savant was hot under the collar when he read it Years ago she was Nellie Dod son to the staff. Now she firmly objects. “My name is Nell.” See what New York (or age) does to people! Marjorie Curry’s interesting articles on Mexico sure covered a lot of territory in this paper. In the July 13 edition a part of the Mexico article was found at the end of McAlpins Washington column. Kind of an international collaboration. Marjorie understands, though, the vagaries and vicissitudes of this business. And she is a for giving soul. Senator Eastland’s attack on Liberia was based on a report on that country 20 years ago. Twenty years is a long time in the life of a nation, Mr. Eastland. If Involved in Accident Motorists Are Warned What Law Requires Publicity concerning the require ment for reporting motor vehicle accidents to the State Highway De partment, under the new Safety Responsibility Act, has temporarily obscured some other legal “musts.” In order of priority, says a High way bulletin, the law requires each driver involved in an accident to do these things: • In all accidents, stop and dis close identity. Render reasonable aid to the injured, if any; • If accident results in death or bodily injury, notify immediately the police, if within a city or vil lage, otherwise the sheriff; • If the accident results in death, bodily injury, or total property damage to an apparent extent of SSO, make a written report to the State Highway Department within 24 hours. The driver of a vehicle causing damage to an unattended vehicle must locate and notify the driver or owner or the police. The driver of a vehicle causing damage to fixtures on the highway, or proper ty adjoining the highway, must locate and notify the owner or person in charge. If the damage exceeds S6O the driver must also make a written report to the De partment of Highway*. » » » » • » • » « Deeper Motives Behind Eastland’s Violent Attack On U. S. Negro Troops By Ralph Matthews in Washington Afro. Those among us who think Mis sissippi’s Senator Eastland and Bilbo made their vicious anti-race speeches simply to win Dixie votes or kill the FEPC are political and economic adolescents. Their mo tives go deeper than that. These men are fighting to pre serve a system. The South is still a feudal fortress peopled with vas sals and serfs exploited for the benefit of the moneyed class. Feudalism and slavery must be perpetuated with force. Force is not always physical. It can be psychological, and the task of main taining an atmosphere of force is the job of the Bilbos, Rankins, and Eastlands. It is not necessary to maintain an armed band of brigands, such as Hitler created Ih his SS black shirt Elite Guard, to keep people in a state of fear. Only a small percentage of the citizens of Germany ever landed in concentration camps, but the ex istence of these camps, with popu lar knowledge of the atrocities visited upon the unfortunate, was enough to keep a large mass of the timid in check. The Southern hierachy has a cheaper and equally effective scheme for keeping both colored and poor whites in subjection. They simply create a psychology of fear in both races so that the poor whites become the jailers of the poor blacks. But in order to do this, they must remain in an economic jail themselves. Terror is the handmaiden of low wages and exploitation. The guard in the prison is the natural and fundamental enemy of the man who wants to get out. During the days of physical slav ery, foreign travelers in America were quick to observe that the South was an armed camp. Every Schuyler Cites Huge Waste by People George S. Schuyler in Pittsburgh Courier. We need not mourn if no permanent FEPC is passed. We have done extremely well in the past without one and can do better in the future if we choose to do so. As a matter of fact, we can get on quite well without ANY special Federal legislation in our behalf. Only our ignorance, indigence and lack of confidence in ourselves has prevented us from materially alleviating our housing problem. It seems to me that if we can erect thousands of new church es, support thousands of liquor stores and spend a billion dollars annually improving our appearance, nothing is stopping us from sup planting rookeries with modern cot tages and skyscraper apartment houses. I should imagine that Ne groes in New York, Chicago, Phila delphia, Detroit, St. Louis, Houston and other cities have spent enough money during the war making needless visits to their home towns to build several million-dollar apart ment buildings. This would save our group millions annually. * * * We have done next to nothing during these war years to control our consumption, and yet there is no law anywhere preventing us from cooperatively owning all the establishments supplying us with food, clothing and drink, nor from operating the wholesale establish ments and truck farms which might supply the retail outlets. If we did own them (which we could before the end of 1946 if we wanted to), I estimate that we could employ at least 15 per cent of our workers in such cooperative establishments and farms. No FEPC would be needed for that. Although we use furniture, crock ery, electric refrigerators, rugs, Complete Cleaning Service GARMENTS, HATS, FUR STORAGE, DRAPES, CURTAINS, RUGS AND LAUNDRY LIBERTY J Byers J 2639 NICOLLET AVE. REGENT 7221 WOODARD FUNERAL HOME Friendly, Courteous Service Lady —t «. Air-OaWttteMl Oa*ai 1101 Lyndale North HTland 1177 P&rT»MOU TKY) TH! TfF amT j waupb ru. uici ■ IT A CAM » Lx '1 e *' fSSWfa white man, regardless of whether he owned slaves or not, felt duty bound at all times to carry a wea pon. Slavery makes slaves of both the victim and the master. Which brings us to our point The South knows that returning colored veterans are not going to take lying down the same kind of treatment they endured before the war. The South also knows that in order to maintain the status quo it will need the help of all the whites of the South, poor and rich alike. Each white person must be a committee of one to keep the colored man in “his place.” s So it was the job of Eastland to build a feeling of bitter resentment of all whites against colored vets by spreading his infamous false hoods about colored soldiers en gaged in wholesale rape in Europe, to strike fear in the hearts of Southerners, and put them on the alert when the boys come marching home. In this way the whites are men tally rearmed with the desire to lynch, a weapon they had appar ently placed in its sheath during the war. The spokesmen of the South are afraid that through educational and civilizing processes, plus a sense of gratitude, the few decent people might develop tolerance to ward their comrades in arms and be inclined to live and let live. This must never happen and so again we have the red flag of rape waved before the bull of Southern passion, all for the purpose of keep ing racial hatred and suspicion alive, and the races at each other’s throats. That is the why of Eastland’s speech. That is the why of Bilbo. The fight on the FEPC was only incidental and a sounding board for their deeper motives. sheets, towels, shoes and a hundred other every-day items, the profit from their sale seldom remains in our group, and many of the places of manufacture either do not em ploy our folks or confine them to the lowest types of work. When one thinks of the clothing, hats and undergarments we wear, and the barber and beauty equipment we use, one asks how much of this could we make and sell to ourselves and keep the profits ourselves ? We allegedly make the best jazz music and spend a fortune weekly on juke boxes, but we neither manufacture nor sell the records. We pioneered with so-called Race records through the Black Swan Company, but that was twenty years ago, and we have made no progress since then. The whole music business is controlled by whites, few of whom hire Ne groes, except to perform. We need no FEPC to curb this exploitation. ♦ ♦ ♦ Although we are a group of agri cultural folk, we have no farm or ganization worthy of the name to help us get on and stay on the land. We could own half of the Southern farm land in a few years if we went about it cooperatively. Certainly we could control our farm credit through cooperative banks. Page 4—Minneapolis Spokesman Friday, July 27,1945 Truman, Southerner or American? We know that it was the one man government of Franklin Roosevelt that gave the Negro his greatest protection. No matter how liberal President Truman may be in his own mind, unless he transmits that liberalism to his cabinet officials and various bureau heads, and to Congress, we will lose many of the gains we have made. This then, is the thing that disturbs me. How much autonomy will President Truman give to his aides ? Will Byrnes be permitted to carry out in his State Department his South Carolina racial views? Will Secretary of the Treasury Vinson ignore the presence of Negroes in this government as he did when he was a Judge in Kentucky and later a Congressman? Will the President go along with the southern leaders of his party who, by virtue of seniority, control practically all important committees in both the House and the Senate ? How will the fact that the South is in the saddle affect the rights of the over a million Negroes who have entered the armed services of this nation. If the Ku Klux Klan or some reasonable facsimile of same be created to thwart the rehabilitation of these loyal soldiers as citizens in their home communities, will President Truman sit idly by as the late President Wilson did, and Wilson’s successors, Harding and Coolidge? Will the liberal policy of the Army in training and hospitalizing Negro soldiers and wounded veterans be killed aborning, or will this policy be continued and expanded over into the operation of the Veterans’ Admin istration? Will these Negro soldiers be protected in their right to vote in the South? Will discharged Negro soldiers be given all their rights under the GI Bill of Rights in the South? These and many other questions will have to be answered soon by President Truman and his cabinet. When they are answered, then we will know whether Truman is a southerner or an American;—W. 0. Walker in Call-Post. We also wish all hospitals were government owned and administered. Negroes might get equal treatment from hospitals if the government controlled, which is something they do not get at present—even in Minnesota. Most Negroes we have talked to favor socialized medicine. So do we. Good health is a public need. Letters Lieutenant Howard Wells Gives Readers Glimpse Of Occupied Germany Hello Mr. Newman: I’m still in Germany, for how long I don’t know, then to C. B. I. It’s very nice here now, the country is beautiful. Most of the small villages are standing but the cities and indus trial districts are leveled to the ground. Food isn’t so scarce now “it’s summer,” but this winter will be very bad on all civilians. Hav ing been in England, France and Belgium and now Germany I can understand why Germany was so hard to beat. It is or “was” the most modern country in Europe. Now everything is being stripped. Every American has a German trophy from sword to some piece of furniture. At one time our men were carting around beds from de molished bombed homes. We had to make them stop because they not only wanted to cart around beds but started to adding other pieces of furniture. You see a truck company has 50 trucks, 124 men and five officers. All the trucks had full loads of furniture so there was no place for the equipment. You know what happened, the furniture had to go! We have from 20 to 30 P. W.’s (Prisoners of War) with all the time. They clean the yards, motor pool, do K. P., make beds, mop the floors, wash trucks, change tires. These Germans sure work hard for two meals a day! The Military authorities have had a hard time discharging the P. W.’s. Some of them have refused dis charge three or four times. New rules now make it mandatory for them to accept discharge. Some of them cry about it weeping openly. They have no place to go, their homes and families are gone, and there is little or no food to be had with not much chance of a job. I’ve had a lot of people argue about what is most important thing in life. From my experience over here I think food is the most im portant. Some of these people here had plenty at one time, everything a person would want. Now they would do almost anything for a good square meal. I really enjoy the paper. You IDEAL Funeral Home Courteous and EfficUat 24. Hour Service 524 Bth Ava. N. GE. 8411 DR. 5258 || 8000 (TMl&ft IB IMtNTIAI F 0« TOP IFUCIINCY CONSULT ■ Dr. Robt. Landon crroiqTitn ■ l ITtS* “ cfuM Border Methodist Church Robert W. Kelley, Minister 401 Aldrich Ave. No. "Bulldlag Bratharhaad" Church School BtU A. M. Morning WorshipHiOO A- g St. James AME Church 314 15th Ave. So. REV. E. R. THOMAS, Paetor Sunday School 1:10 a.m. Worship 11:00 a.m. D. <£. jQotoiip Funeral Service “Whom Wa Barra Wa Serve Weil** IUI RIVRRSIDS AVB. REgent 0291 GBBmvs MM ST. PETER A. M. E. Church 22nd and Elliot CO. 81M REV. H. C. BOYD, Minister Sunday School 0 ,10 a. m. Worehlp 10,41 a. m. Young People*. Maatlne 1:00 p. m. Bhranlnp Barvloa 7:41 p, m. know letters can’t possibly tell all the news though mother tries her best. I will try to see Leo Bohan non. I am now at Bad Kruznash, south of Bonn. I’ve seen one col ored girl while in Germany. She is a product of the last war. Ain’t bad! Everybody in Europe wants to go to America when the war is over. Me? I just want to come home to Minneapolis and stay. Love to all! HOWARD W. WELLS, First Lieut. Q.M.C. Expert Weteli Beylriag I LOWEST PB2CM All Work Ctaaraatood PERRY’S mtLX Moving Local and Long Distance Packing - Shipping - Crating Complete Protection CHICAGO AVE. TRANSFER 2922 Chicago Ave. Re. 8231 7/Ze Rath WITH COLORED TILE Walls Tiled Sr $l2O L__ r DALE TILE CO. 1020 La Salla Ava M BRidgeport 8831 DR. BANKS DB. O. *. FELLOWS 18. A. TOMASCK Opea Eveelag. ma. 2431 252 Nic. 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PAT POSTMAN Sale also pvsr*. wtos ano muum MnwAcncw ONABAiraao Oray Hair BIAS Mee no root aunt pooav Wa mrrv e M Uee ef OVBR WMB AR Mem WmHag Mead Beer JUM KAM BEAUTY PRODUCTS 00. • BBT RRN AVBNH Btoem ewR - nbw vobk cm De] ing Roi visit ginia York ber < Alph the p She i to re; dinrie Moor Man. the ' form wife leade n’ece, of Chi of Mr terson Mrs land, Mrs. spent Paul i Samut Mrs. thony. thony, at the Florer Ind. Cpl. Dix, 1 ■n 1,4 p