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The Montana post. [volume] (Virginia City, Montana Territory [i.e. Mont.]) 1864-1869, April 09, 1869, Image 2

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The Montana Post.'
VRIDtY MORNYIUN Gn. APRIL 9th.
1'tt St jL(LjEuiv ,rr,it has an Arti
cle on ''irant. I aliot aminen-del."
.1 ohtnsoii~. ( libint t Iaowe~o e, ./, 'f
I.'ol~"rt Martin I)ungh.N, xebfl1 it
ph.rl, ni A\ 1ou&Ij ist ajiIrrinte~d a--i-tl
i ,rri+. of uttijll t. . ,i ijirk.-. ;, !
!*-red l ,t? tlrt i~ th." t alii l,' 1, l att , 11,
.alarms worltal nitt .tvr ti.\)E10 t '\~~-"t i
k.ltnce in \\ it.-'ingto~n
1I i;.. \t" t i irk 7 ma:+ke-. ;rki
di oirrt" m tree I . l I .. htP ItOUt4c..
I 'r. bal nt tha' "ii' :, icu Jile- :, ch- th nmete
II'ý1r flli~t1f.' llIt'.o+ýtI1 I -oumtlmntz "iti+
i,, :nnc lunc rl··l Ii1·r ,·a~t t ''rýhuttlinný c~tt
i mcrtal c.i! I t -tcUt tl m .ii i r', -,,u
'lee rtal t'u (t I,.
A% F. are jflti'Id4,i to Ilouº. W . ý"Iiitri
.or th~e IReport it, Il: ..'Iuuj' riv d I
ret~endig e_ O' r'12.' i,. at :d _". aihijtlt~tnal
o .!ie for 4. otng i Ii .nl I cIuc'Ixtl.fl'na all
f hiiithi a re'-ii . and apjlr ii itetl.
IoI %%mV dA41' %4oI ;Itlr"r '.Iaitleirg lie
"irre" your Mtke r in x = .- I intor\i ws =
rejtub~li~r duin~ the art icie· c~ ll \ht
latch I niok . .liujt ... frnit t ie loiil.d
pr"i-nti lluttiunt 's i l igneous itnje .n
rI~tUIV "ingcinou'. ~Ijtt e4)R-idt~rahle ot a
1. tunisi thor a arining journal ta e , h
:iiat ch rIf~nih1v tli nted a tlr. om nte rf rred
I ii... ~l'el lure o~f I ttlkce I ~aw pt togle~l j
cndl~td. Thit( fCeeing tin eachr sider wa~
prditnut briti le 'lure is nothing now
1"l lutton' tinge ntouusinjion n w.ich haer
itxtul 'vithh*thil lintii a conlclaion had
leune rchit-ti tll taiin juestion, and tah
next fewr dain w ill ileterinine who are
tedd"in Thne eliho thn "oea si.s The
atbenesa o - ot n receipt l~it telegran andt
their completeness '.1 detail. pirevents
tfurther notice.
The rnutterings of the earthquake in the
wet: the advent of myriads of locusts
throughout grent extents of fertile country:
the plague of email pox now devastating
many regions-may all portend the wrath of
tlod and the puniahment of a corrupt. un
grateful and wicked people. Incapable of ap
lreciating the ble--ings of a free government,
and unequal to the ta-k ot aalmietering free
a4ln equal laws.-Gazette. Ith.
'Tie a history
handed fronm naes idown a nurse- tal-
Which children opl,n-oyed and mruth',l d,.
vour
A\ garrnlou- icnorance r4lato=.
"TIur: F'hicag.,o 'Irib,,.e believes the
woman prize fight in Massachusetts,
not the abstract l'rutal exhibition which
some have seen lit to characterize it,
but a grand demonstration in advocacy
of woman's right to sutfrage. htovern
utents owe their perpetuity to physical
torce, and thoee assuming to direct
them must contribute that force to
them or be uuperceded. The lack of
the muscular power has heretorore
stumped even Anna Dickenson. but
with the Aniazon of Paraguay in the
field and the muscled maidens of Somin
erville in the ring. man's superiority in
this respect is challenged and the suf
fragists are exultant. So much for
Buckingham.
THE St. .ioe -a iogi says the editreas
of the (,khi'cgoian is trying to convince
tlhe world that the marriage institution
is a failure. This is the burden of her
song. In a recent issue of that paper,
we find the tollowing upon that subject:
Marriage, umder its present law and usage
has become only legalised prostitution, and
its ignorant victim need not turn up its dain
ty nose quite so high at more honest forms
of its own lesh and blood. The poor, soiled
rags of womanhood, that move by chance
the full depths of pity or detestation in every
manly heart, are every whit as good as the
wedded wanton, who, with a lie in her heart
and a vain formula on her lips, sell. herself
at wholesale once and for all at the marriage
altar, and in-alts heaves by callins it to wit
new her pnrtitutiton.
5a.st.
rAw 3.5K VE Rs.
The' I)eiumoratic rtemberv. ot th. chio
legislature 'lifer in their opinions of
.Iohnsdr. as well as the democrats oe the
the mountains. O'Mera tof the Idaho
it orMl. recently lit on His Ex-Excelea
i.y with unterrified severity---and "little
.Jimnmy"has the blood of all the democrat
ie saints in him. In the Oio legislature,
tMlell iatroduced a resolution asking
.Iohnaon to pay the Ohio legislature a
Pastoral visit- It was advocated by
Jiughes of Butler county, who endorsed
A. J. as a simon psre democrat and
eaid t eorg Wa'shington wasns guilty
a treason as John C. Breekenridge. This
rousd the ire of 11ill of Defiance, who
seid "he didn't believe Andy Johnson
had an hoseet bone in his bide, and he
never wanted to take him by the hand."
Th'e Resolutiho was nldefinitely post
posed 44 to 31. Alas Andy. The lowest
ot the Andes are you when such as these
decline to do you reverence. You have
no mcre Post odlees in your git mer
ve:os il your power. yeur o as
departed. lathe is bubbtHag masmed
your lip---a lew wild, ttragglingermta,
and down you go like a !ienay in a pad
-le.
LIQI OR R I$ L"UiN.l.,
.' e asional ' writing from F ,: H - .
ton to the IHclr,d/I, assumes th,; it t+
cent liquor s..isures between th at i.'. :t
and lh-lc-na, "'bother" the buei'e... .,. -
oft tenton. and that the orders L;,..e ,,.
etseni madile public, under whbic, ,' .
done. IIe turther states it is tv i,..:
yv somen that the orders for thiey .*'.
utres emanated from Acting G;vern'.r
Tufts, and by others that they ., ..:
cureds through tihe. influence cif
W. 'ur t'o. and suggests. if the .,- '-r,.
is thei autholir "It is hard to fo'- -.
chants to pay a governmient u . t' r -
torial licen., for selling an art;,';. ... , .:
is certain to be seised in case ! i.,
in tran-it ' This latter is a fi-.'. ·
futb!e and :apparent to the oti,; .. ,
the i merchants. yet so long as t0b; i . ,
title to the e lands is not extilT • y
and ,.o long as the "Indian In" -. :
laws" remain unchanged. t]L:., "L,
nest." cannot well be avoide(d
severity arising fronm the occ".." •.
Indian land' by superior n:i:i :.
whites, ant t 'ep)tliaona ea se I. t:.'"
,e provision is made in the ih ,
shants in the Indian country t . -
teem it still "burder" it they .
fused licenseg,atd receiving t: L..,
or shouild know the law. tlia . ,
: ears on the statute books. r. -
their trade. Druggists are ev '
licens:-td. et we believe their .
pois)ons in sollie places is ver
reguilated: Merchants are liCetel.' r-n
they arTe restricted in sll.mnlrn - .t- ,-.
i",wdh.r, uitr,-ghlyvc rine. .tc. e : . .
'verit v to a few to secure saf:-"
muanv. N.+ one will qutestion "
priety ,,f prohihlitii:g tlie saie C: .t
to, Indian Th'lie r-ole Ittriyo;..• .
law and its entforrceiient is t, .
the Indians troiu procuring .-. " w
onlly wa te sec'ure relitef frol '.
noyance tio which traders are v. + '..
jectedl is Iyv tlhe extinguisi.hmt, ,
Indian title on all the settled ; .
the Territory. This the go- .:
has atinumled the responsibility - .... ...
in selling mineral and aricult r. ; .
but it has not vet done it. th'.- ..
aware of in any part of Monts :
braced in .Ietterson. Lewis and t. " £
'hoteiau counties. This much ,...
liability of traders at Benton. .
authority for the seisu:es. w ee'.": i"
following trom the act of ('on 't ~. 2
proved June 0;. 1,J4. "'An Act ,s .;
late trade anti intercours"* wij'. : .:."
tribes and presetrve peace on +* , .
tiers.
ti rs.
esc. :0. And ,e it turther ecacte:. 't,..
any person shall sell, exchange, or j;, --. "'
ter, or dispoe of any spirituous 1. -.."
wine to nn Indi:ua tin the Indian c,. a.
n.ch person mhall forfeit and pay theb -u .
SUt)U: and if any person shall intr.. c"...
attempt to introduce, any apirituc' ;...
or wine into the Indian country, cxc--n ti _..z
supplies a- shall be nec.sary for t'' r.<.'
of the United States and troops c. th - .
vice, under the direction of the Wa. !'"..;.,
ment, such person ,hall forfeit and p,; 't - a
not exceeding .~2:I); and if any £plr-,p,-t..o
ent of Indian affairs, Indian agen' ,, e
agent, or commanding oflicer of a ,r.,,!iý."
post, ha. retson to suspect, or is ic,-,.
that any white person or Indian i :-f
introduce or has introduced any ri, ,to,.,
liquors or wine into the Indian coitrar., :r.
violation of tie provisions of this r-c;i :
shall be lawful tor .-ch Saperinte , ,. I
dian agent, or sulb-agent. or milite.y ~·,"v ,
greeabhly to -uci regulations as r,' -.. -
tablished by the President of the "i"- i
States, to cause the boats, store', lutk...
and places of depot.it of such reA, ,r.~
searched, and it any .uch spiritnots i-.. ,.
wine i" found, the goods, boa k, se :a, .
and l'eltrie of such persons shall i ." **-,4"
and delivered to the proper oflice:.. , r, .-.r .
he proceeded against by libel in t!. .-?'
court, and forfeited, one half to i:. *- ,
the inlormer, anti the other half to (t , 1.
the United State:; and if such lp- n i+
trader his license shall be rerote. r t
bond put in suit. And it :-hall m: e.--.
lawful for any ,erson in the servi - " tce
United States, or for any Indian, to, tr.: _ r.,
destroy any ardent spirits or win i. IL ' i
the Indian country. excepting miilit~r,:
plies as mentioned in this section.
This is certainly intelligible. -.,w, '..
ing been enforced for thirtystoi, ".-.
should be well understood by t; ?.
At times,. the reluctance of off.:-,
rigidly enforce it has led to vi,:. -,...
unpunished. The attention et th- ..-.
partment having been callel 1.
fact, the following telegraphic o'...
placed in the hands of Acting .r r. ,
Tufte, Feb. 19), 189 :
7;T lIol.. .Jame, s 7Tufts. .1 o .re'
I .rvPJ (io) .S'j.e.si,'t ,d1.,t fpnri. "
\' GiaIIA Ci. .11. A..
The Secretary of Interior directr r ,: ..
patch you to instruct special Agent Po;pt "1
all Indian Agents to execate the int.ctr,.'e
laws to stop the whisky traflc with Indi F..
and seise all whisky and liquors, and all ': :p
erty bought of Indians with whisky, w'" t i?,
by licMned traders or others, and if v'..*
nary. call upon the military for am ast-ic
N. G. TAYLOR, Cooptrol-.
Wabshington. D. C., Feb. 1S, 18e'.
This !s "where the orders carm,- fs..,
The specific l)urpoe of it is "to -.:-. ,
whisky traffic with the Indiaue.'" ev.r.;
the intercourse laws. It is noi 1-i- -
ble. nor was it requisite to that rurJ_,sp
to stop the sale of or seise liqgu; 't.r.
It must be taken while in trnusir. t'.7 ,.
Indian camps, or goods seissd for -:,is':
It has teen exchanged. l apt. P, , ;c,:
1is officers have merely obovec :1i. i
imperative orders. emanadtiag ftrw. t.t.
Secretary of the Interior. To ns;ýe.
pnulishle the order before maki.t. *.,e
seizures would have been to to:r rc:a
contraband traders and enable tc to
secrete the liquors, thereby de4'i . it
the object sought to be attained hy th
Government. It was upona oilivrrla.
consideration of this point, and tin in:'
suamec of what they believed a itiy.
that the abo.e was withheld fro.o p~o
Iieation by the (Iovernor aed f..alua!
after it was in our hands ter ph,,lira
tion. on its receipt, and eoly e. torirl
allusion made to the existsems or; aes
order. In the above we haveeoeºd thb:
points raised by "Occasiemai," aiG ro
assare him we believe there is no 4<ise
pomtim, whatever mo the part of (her
Tns. MIarshal Howle. ApI. Pope or
other oeers ia Montana. to ecate the
law or order In a harsh and oppeeve
manner. but that the Indian wlbtky
trte will be beaoke up If posuible.
L I. Freemm , ormesdy * editor
ad chief e aeeor o the R I,.
der on whesoi m Is iea ** tl MS
to leeture en the Bky M~U
he is aet eumdemaed ee a'!mm
too much, erlticism will haI let
of Its virtue.
)ly the amendment to the Tenure of
)ffice Law. two purpoees of the repeal
.a4ry are acotmpUlibed, viz. 1st, The
President may suspend Cabinet or other
'fficers, except Judges. at will, without
giving any reasons therefor. Ed. The
lower of the Senate, whereby a sun
p.nded officer might be reinstated
.Irough its independent action, is with
curawn. The Tenure Law as it did
*Xiit, pr',vIdeu that all oflicers applº,nt
4d and contirmtud should ho'd those of
dcers until a successor was in like man
lu-r qualiftdl. and if suspended it must
.he ulpon slw,'ifed charges, which ii dis
xpproved by the Senate. either directly
)r passive.ly. he was reinstated. Now,
its sus5penbionU dea i.,,t nt.ike i, .',',ley
u fact, but is virtual removal, as it re
;uire-- a renomination by the President
a.nd onfirrmation by the Senato to make
him again an officer. bt the appointee
.n his place is only an ad ijit, rim olfficer.
intil he is cortfirrmeli by the Senate.
*'h,- point retain.ed iy the Senate is,.
hiat during, a rce'"ts of the Senate. the
?rsidelnt cann:ot makeh vacancie,. and
.util confirtmt.-i l tl.itert thle otlicetrs arti
,nly t,-,ikr jatry . l ,inttee" 'This is
7-ore ilixirtant thun meight seem at
'irst glanice. Th*e t'onstitution provides
* the Pre..sident shall have power to fill
it, all vaca.ncies th,it mrly Aipp-n during
e. eeFe ti thl Senate', by granting com
.enissioeai whirch. sall expire it the/ efd
',t the ,.ext session"--but the President
cv this cannot wake vacancies and is
.',uireel to send in his nrotninations of
,'l.uir,,lI to send In his nominations of
4, inte rim or othl-r ailicers within tlhir.
.y days after the' mueeting of the Senate.
when, it they are rejected they cease, to
. . otlicers, and he must nomlinate per
*,ne to asuch other otliceer as he dtsi rt's
.l',ld during the setsion or thei offices r(e
'--rain vacant. This devolves the .entire
r,.snesibility of keetlng beel nitei in
otiice Iwupon the Prestideent by gin aug himt
iuncontrolled Ipower ,of suslension dcu
,ing vacation. An t" il disposed t'rest
it-nt muigl:t possibly e,,ade this section
)y refusing to nominate and thenu reap
pointing the same person during recess.
u urT the Senate holds a counter check by
.ts power to remain in session indefinite.
v. It may he the golden mean, tihe
nost desirable solution of the vexed ques
.ion, but it seems to us a forced sacrifice
if a great principle. By the terms of
,is commission. an officer is made and
Sappointedl such for a certain length ot
time. It is the concurrent work of the
I2resident and Senate. bu by this the
President can cut his official throat, at
Sis own sweet will, and the Senate has
a.o voice in the matter. It they together
create. thetv together only should des
troey.
troy.
Besides an offickr i. appointed for a
:ertain term of months oryears. subject
14 tra : to rmnt ial. Iilt t upon the im
,lied agreement that unless removed
i,,r good cause, he shall hold his office
luring thei term. lnder a system that
Tas grown up in our government a po,
itical change in the administration is
.quivalent to a change in otlficials. Even
it we admit this as proper, there re"
mains between each such change at
least tour years. dunnrng which the re
moval of an officer without cause shown,
and whose term is unexpired, seems to
i:s a moral violation of the tacit agree'.
.ient between the two contracting pars
ties, and calculated to impair the ef.ic.
Lency of the service. It makes the re
tention of office a qiuestion of political or
personal influence in the departments.
rather than the faithful pe.rformanee of
duty.
The prese.nt y stem will eventually
aeessitate and lead to the adoption in
this country of a civil service system,
approximating to that projected by
Jenckes, and which has its successful
precedentsin our own military and naval
service. and in the civil service, of other
governments.
Death of Geemral lieredlih.
A dispatch from Cambridge. Indiana,
announces the death of General ,ol.
Meredith, the same individual who as
-aulted and batteredCongressman J uian
of Indians, a couple of years ago. for
commenting on his leniency to the rebt
els of Kentucky while commanding the
Paducah District during some period of
.he rebellion. lHe was a native of North
Carolina. In politics he was originally
a Whig: then he became a ('onervative
Republican, and finally became "Johg
sonlzed"--and that was the end of his
political influence in Indiana.-Chicago
Trthune, March 16th.
We can scarcely give credence the
announcement of General Meredith's
death, although he was in very poor
health at the latest advices received
here from his son, Henry Meredith. The
official position he held and the numer
mas personal friends here would all in
.iieate telegraphic information previ
ously, or letter advice cotemporaneous
with, the newspaper publication. All
the Chicago papers make up their notice
:-om the one dispatch, but a telegram
to the N. Y. Herald of the 17th, from
(Clncnnati, gives the same intelligence.
'Iru SL Louis I)#mcraul tatt.. Mr.
-1lbstk, of lndianapolis. was appointed
nt1umaster ot that city, notwithstand
ing Coloel Holloway had tbe support
of both Sematorm. Mr. Flabback was a
fellow workzmau of G~rant many years
ago--we believe, learned their trades
ssheer, sad the personal friendsbip
ias bosm cordially mainatalmed ever
saes The appointee isa brother of
(*eo. W. Flebb ck, of thme t. Louis Prm
It this (the Siftsssb) ammdindms is acca$
.4 bDy sh SIm -. of tr C-i f SlA
- ~s ugglisms, X~ss li..
aamcLsi ktmit.W mq, with i.e
Vanity, 1se to my psse. of R um O ,
a.k eesj a n. sheb peak" and medial
dgigsit Arwe situ adh , mmd last, esea
l rs pde ml ;W1-4i.im m esuatry im
all ean. the..-{Ot stes, 4th.
lead up; read up` Yomtmtrqla
YO* uwee no W U . Tea let dow.
Ifeey w6 M joe - hbr, but 1t
e #-ur 4wIs7, e sW. AI tsmel
mg ....eo DSWmmq .I1 be pelag
if they hae w. it
' T T AS - -Y- NT
From Gieneral Order No. 1, dated
March 15, which would oceup' two or
three columneI if givin entire. we mnere.
ly tabnlarize ti:"- aniginment of offi-erw
and regiments :
t'nlon. It.. UI .'."I mjjr.
SI t C itoewhaman r Lugsbe.7 M( 1? Hard,
" !w crUWArq't 'rC I".igish P T Sway
4( \v I;..tty J R Brewk# R I I.Ktdg
I r Flint J H IPottr Wm MM el Ily
N A M.itc. A S Wobli 11 B FlImi!g
ti W1 It I Iztz.-ue L I 111.,,t. w 1't) i hu C Fl. JR". If Ii.)'.
SJ V 5,mksd J Itclic.IIC' TI 'e .LiW
11) I( R Clitr. A ]leL' Met vuk A I'hmu'bere
11 A C 4:il!pia 47 1' ThRiel Iii..I
1.2 0(f B WI '.u( C W WVR!Iac.. iI It Mizner
1:1 IK deTrubriar'd :1 A t trr ,w It ... %Io,,.
14 C S LoIell 0 A W.,o.iwnhere M I fiuunt
la ii L .b.pb.r. A V F:au!' . J Mas..
11: 47 P. nnypack..r it S (;ran..-r W I' ('ntu~
17 T I. Crttenden A B If eymrau RK 1: A.4 (Crfn
14 T I Rvuaer K l'p2 Ac .1 V'an V%.t
: ) C II smrth K1 B A,. re.~ II A llauchright
2(1 Ce... $yke.c I.' l Iint Ii A IV.ºItian,,c
'21 (, 8tntwmnaa, t' \\h yatu .1 M (·.orlbcr
2 s D S Stanley. U S (;:. .1 N l:Wb~itler
Tt .1ejC o..i. :e C: r,. A .1 I(a1,i.
'a4'R $ MbcKenzia C (4r,.er II C Merriaau
2.) J A 35our I: If Ilioki Z It 1!ijjg
:Th.' r.giinentz are older to dep:art
nwnts As ~ fo~llows :-- 1!.,t, Lakes: 241, Atlan
ta, (,a.; :141, Missouri: 4th, ['latter !')tit,
Missonuri: (ith, J.ea'e uworth. Ks : 7th,
Platt.: Stb. Soutid: 9th., Platte: 10)Lh,
T'rxae: 11th1, '1'rr.;r. 12th, Ca'llifornia:
l1ith. D)akota. 1 ItI. Sotuth,. 15th1. Mis
souri; 16th. Mimiseij·pi: 1 'th, Virginia:
14th. South: 11t0h. h~ouisiana 20t1. St.
Pautl, inn.; 21st, ('.'i;ornia:22tl , Dako
ta: 2341 ('olunriri. ( Itrgnn. 24th. Texas:p
'I'iiT following ver f neat enigma was
submittlk recently to the Brooklyn 1
I'etti-(,terir. WVill eiano of our fair
readers try a colutiot.. W\ill vot answer
us. No?
With lpectral wion-. and blasted br.eath.
My touch is lke the the touch of death;
With crooked heed ard double tail.
MJ coming makes tb world turn pa le'
In vain an army, ewo-d in hand,
Would seek to drive r'.. from the land,,
Cut off my double tail, and then,
Like Richard, I'm "Ir rself again." "
Decapitate me like a pheasant,
And now you've made me omnipresent.
And if both head and tail you sever,
I'm then more obstir.ate than ever,
Though high and spotless in my birth.
I'm basely trampled, to the earth.
Even now the agents of holy wrath mray be 1
gathering which are to administer a terrible
judgment upon those who have betrayed the 1
liberties of a great people, robbed th-mn of
their rights, and in.ulttd Jehovah by setting
up a claim to the attributes of destiny !-[Ga
aette, 4th.
"'.ttribo tea J' destirly .'" "Jehovah in
Pultetl." HIas this anything to do with i
Walker, "the gray-eyed man of destiny."
or old Ethan Allen . "Attributes of
destiny." Good phrase. Very high
toned, and "ambiguous" as Mark Train's r
Nye lettern. Couldn't explain, could
yout ?
Titi appointment and confirmation of
Gieneral Longstreet to be Surveyor of
the port of New Orleans, is the first in
stance of a rebel officer being appointed
to position. It is generally esteemed by
the Republican press as highly com%
mendable. He served the rebellion
faithfully. but submitted to the arbitra
tion of the sword, and has since labored
earnestly to restore fraternal relations
between the North and South. He is
well qualified to dicharge tith duties
and is poor.
Thme Policy of Extending Gov
ermaent Aid to Additional
Railroads to the Pacific.
Extraets trem the Report of Mena
torn Stewart, Drake, Ceommre,
nDammey, Abbott and Rice.
RoADS THE MEASUIEIE OF CIVILIZATION.
The highways of nations are tile Inea
sure of their civihlzation. Without roads
there cannot be society, government,
commerce. jr intelligence. In exact
proportion to the abundance and excel
lence of highways are the exchange of
services between men, the communica
tion of thought, the economy of labor,
the augmentation of wealth, the growth
of comfort, the develepment and consol%
Idation of the civilihzed state.
No higher proof of the grandeur and
wisdom of the Roman rule of the world
need be sought, than the wonderful sys
tem of arched roads, ditched on both
sides, and raised above the surrounding
level, paved with stone upon beds of rub.
ble or concrete, with elevated walks for
foot passengers, running always in
straight lines and on unitorm grades,
tunnelling mountains and spanning riv
ers with cutetone arches, which radi
ated from Rome and traversed Italy,
Gaul, Britain, (lermany, Macedonia,
Asia Minor, the principal islands of the
Mediterranean. and all of northern Afri
ca. These highways, built and main
tained at the government's expense,
tied the provinces to the capital, and
bound Asia, Africa and Europe to Rome.
They made smooth and swift the move.
ment of infantry and cavalry. They
cheapened to Italy the spices, silks, and
cloths of Asia, the wheat and linen of
Egypt. the tin and copper of Britain,
the Iron, wool, and oil of tpal, anrod the
furs, leather and timber of Germany.
Without these roads the conquests made
by the Roman. could not have been
maintained. The cars of them was a
civil oece which conferred high honor
ad power, and was sought by ambi.
tmos men of the noblet aend wealthiest
iamilism.
families.
British civilization, and tlie develop.
ment ot British industry and commerce,
and the wonderful accumulation ot
wealth in Ureat Britain, have kept pace,
first, with the building of turnpikes;
second, with the construction of canals
and elackwater navigation as better
highways than earth roads; and third,
wish the founding of the marvelous sys
tem of railways which now covers Eng -
land as with a net work. Before the
"Rocket" locomotive was perfected Eng
land had built 2,600 miles of water com
mualcation, at an outlay of $350,000,000.
The 13,000 miles of railway which were
rmated by tepheasou's engele did not
sapplast the se of thee artificial riv.
era. On the contrary. the traflc grew.
In like manner the New York Central
and the New York and E.rie railro.ea
havo not lessened the buasite oft the
Erie canal. That has grown, while the
tr.ffic of the two roade has been created
by them, did not exist beforo them, and
was impossible without thenm.
Parliamentary retuans or the. railway
trafic of England front 1±:,4 to .i.3t tur
nish evidence that the transport ati,,n ,t
passengers and goods by rail has belen
six times greater than it was lefiore, the I
introduction of railways. andt that tith
saving effected by the railways in cheap!
ening fares and freights in a single year.
S]G65, was *:;iO,O000,000 :-a s .,,e l ry, r
thi.n the ,etire taratinim o.f th lnit, dI
Kiiigdwn. 'l'hij result. very ilmperfect
because it does not include th'. \alut of
time saved to 232,000,(0 of lpassengers
wilho traveled by rail that year. is anma
Zing. Accepted and applied as a Ineas
ure of th,' worth of a system of steaum
highways that shall cover the United
States, it must he seen at a flash that
within the scope of federal action there
is no use of the public money ,,r prop
erty so profitable and so economical
and so benilicent as that which aids the
construction ot rail roads- national ivy
their length and cost: national 'by their
passage through the public domnuain;
national as avenues to dijstant States
and Terrritories; national in t heir belle
fits: national as a part of thet umilitary
defe-nce f t lhe United Statesz and mnore
than national itn 'heir relatio, .. th,
conmmerce of a third of the world.
Tlhe value of, a wagon load of wh a"
i consumued v they cost of 1haulini. it
on conirton oa rth roads ;3t) Ililes.
Indian corn will bear profitable trans
IMrtation on the ground only 100 miles.
" - : *
In 1851, w hen the Erie rai:road was
opened, and the restrictions in favor of
the Erie. canal on the carriage of freight
by the New York ('entral raiiroad were
ren,ºovel, the tonnage, of western pro
ducts on theat canal rosve to ti.5,9.# tons.
In 187i the ,united 'through" tonnage
of the live. great high ways between trhe
east ant the west, thet Erie canal, the
New York (Central, the Erie, the Penn
evlvania and the Baltimore and Ohio
railroads, amounted to 6.000,000 tone,
whose value was $1,200,000,000. The
Pennsylvania railroad, built upon the
line over which fifty years ago the com
merce of the State crawled in wagons,
moved in the year 1857, of loca:l freight
alone, 901,22i tons, and 1,412.214 tons
in 18;61, and 2,900,205 tons in 1866.
WVhen the Erie road was opened, and
the New York Central was authorized
to carry canal freight, there were 10,
0(0 miles of railway in operation in the
United States. The total of merchan
dise moved over them could not have
exceeded 5.000,000 tons, of the value of
$150 the ton, and of the aggregate
value of $750,000,000. In January,
1868, the mileage of American railroads
had increased to :39,000 miles. The
weight of the merchandise transported
over them was 50,000,000 tons, of the
estimated value oft$7,500,000,000. In the
short span of seventeen years the mile
age of American railroads grew nearly
400 per cent., and their tonnage 1,000
per cent., with a corresponding increase
in the value of the property carried.
The population of the country, in the
meantime, grew from 24,000,000 to 36,.
000,000, or at the rate of 50 per cent.
So that the astounding fact is erolred that
railroads have increased the commerce
of the country 2,000 fold more than the;
incrwase of its population! In 1851 the
freight moved upon all of our railroads
equalled 417 pounds per head of popu
lation, and was worth $31 per head.
In 1868 the tonnage eqtualled 2.777
pounds per head, and had a value of
$210 per head. In 1851 the cost of the
10,000 miles of railway in operation in
the United States was $7200,000,000. In
1868 the cost of the 39,000 miles in
operation was equal to $1,600,000.000.
consequently the investment since 1851,
of $1,400,000,000. has been the means of
annually creating a commerce five times
greater, amounting to $6,750,000,000.
Every dollar invested in American rail
roads creates five dollars yearly.
Can there be a doubt about the policy
of aiding with a loan of the Govern
ment's credit and grants of the public
land, the construction of these wealth
creating highways through regions rich
in soil and richer in minerals, though
poor in the absence of a population able
in numbers and accumulated means to
provide itself with the machinery of
transportation and development? To
legislators who approach this subject
free from the prejudices of traditional
system or habits of thought, certainly
it will appear to be the highest duty of
government to construct such works at
its own cost; and it will appear equal I
ly manifest that the claim of such en
terprises, as being of the highest im.
portance and most beneficent character
should take precedence over any and
all other objects of legislative endow
ment. But in the cases of the rail
roads seeking extension to the Pacific,
endowment in money is not asked of
the government. What is asked is
simply a loan of the public credit for a
limited period, with sure and unques
tionable guarantees that the interest
and principal of the loans will he paid
by the borrowers.
Many lemlbers of this Coungr-.ss saw
the infancy of the grain trade ot (Chi
cago when there was nbt a railroad in
Illinois, and when the wheat sold in '
her lako port was hauled in wagons by
ox-teams over the prairies which were
traveled by comoasses. and on which
the teamsters caLtped with their cattle
at night-a wasteful transportation
which consumed from one to two weeks
of time to get to market, and in which
corn in the ear was burned as fuel to
cook and warm by. Illinois now, de
veloped by the magic power of steam, is
a splendid and unanswerable argument
in behalf of the policy of national raill
way-building. That State in 1851 had
only 250 miles of railroad, which cost
$7,500,000, and the freight over which
did not exceed 100,000 tons, which was
not worth over $15,OC0,000. At the end
of the year 1867, Illinois had 3,250
miles of railroads, whose traffic was 5,
000,000 tons, the value of which was
$750.000,000. It cost $180,000,000 to
build these roads, The worth ot the
proporty transported over them in one
year equalled very nearly six times
their cost. In 1851 the products trame
ported by these roads was at the rate of
0 npuwade per head of the population.
7 the to tse ported exceeds
I )onouds per head, Te value of
he teonage per head n 1851 was only
$1.), In 1I467 its value petr hl"ati ,.
.:30. 'The result is astounding
TIEll: ( 'INTRY TO H-: D)F: EI.ll j
It l' the locomotive and the iron r:,,
abve\ her garden soil which hay1v.i",
Illinois one-tif:eenth of the poplI)Ut,;,,,
of the United tates;: which _:v,. I
the power to bear one-fitteenth ,, t,..
burdens of the general tvrr::i,.,:
which enable her to paiy annually -,
000.000) of national to xes. l,.i,ji'. ~u.
taining in the most b',eral IIa;rllr, t,
cost ot her own enligihttened antd pr
grt.isive gvernient.
There are between Lake Su!.rior ,,
PuIget sound and the mouth ,l tl,- t'.."
luimIlia river 53( 1 Nl .ur i ran i! ,i , I
ritory: ulpm tie larger portion at % \,
ti,' I lnite, states ~g vernten -t (:,n I,
I)res. the pros(perity, wealth andt i,)...
of Illinois. It is the winter I. :.
gionl ' I this continent. It i- a r.' ,
alternlate prairils" aitd pint tr.'-,.
if a reirniou th" salubrity of i't,
lIilatt has mi tadtle it tIe I.an i. ii ,
consumlptives front theo .\tla:nt.,
it is a region whole Ro,)cky i lI, ii'I
..e'tiin. broken dlown in its |rtth
a to .e passable by lhadeI In,.
bLessel with a tetrper:ttur, so, Miii,:
e .ontless herds of cattle range, antr :;.
ten through the winter upon t:.. I.,
ral grass within ten Imiles of t.ic.-',
a:nt. It is a region in all wl:e,- :i'.
,peacheq, apples, p.ar., pi urtns. c! rr:.
.!rape.s. and s.at,-t pi tatt.,es '.," r.. ,;.,
growth and c'.tiplii,' muatnritv '1
regaon .o rich in gr-rý. an.t, I,, ...
clirnmate. tlat it has ever bleen thit, i,.,
iC winter ;as well as asullnllner, tL,.
th'. lItuitU lo. nIil lit' ant~ ' , I
tib.er. " water-power, and toot.. I
a poplulation of 1,410.41O0 pojitipl,' I.':."
a population of 1,410.14 tH,OU ii'1 1..
ois ipoi.-essied no .uclh en,+ i)vwnv t l. 1t.
inheritanci, so anazin,/I y dl'.eI,-,l t
railroads was a gar.l,.n soil deir .,: u,."
aorlaidl with a thin Seam ,f coal ') 1 .:
delposit of triable s:t«io-tCue. Sie,. ,
not ling elso. But v.ieryv elementri
wealth, every cond:ition of s,,cial grow::,
and prosperity. exist in -',pi'raulolLdan,
and H!eyond exhaul~tion in thI. terri.n.r
between Lake Superior .uan! Pui_,.
soundt For this ilml'nens re..ion. e-,.
bracing Minnesota. l)akota. Montanri
Idaho. Oregon, \Vashington. and- a par:
of W\isconsin. railroads can do, nonr
than they have do.ne for Illinota. It .
desirable, therefore, to, add t,, ii.- I,a
tional population, the national intustr,
and the national wealth-if it is ,l,"i:
able to increase the taxable re,,mlrc...,
the country, to add to its revenue., an
to lessen the burden of the putbiic d.tb,
by extending it financially over :;~ J,.
grees of longitude in addition to th1,
area it now covers-if it is desirai,-.
provide cheap bread in perpetuity i,.r
the nation from winter wheat t,
grown with unfailing regularity. an;
in crops of from :;0 to )60 bushels t t, tl
acre, between the 46th and th.re" hr':
parallels of latitude. the gover!,nient
the United states will surely aid th,
construction of the North IPacific rai,
way, and do for the region bIetweir:.
Lake Superior and the Pacific: orea,.
what the people of Illinois haIve don
for the State of Illinois. It was not n.e
essnary for the government to do th..
work performed by the people of lliun
ois, otherwise than to aid theml with
grants of public lands-neither wasi:
grants of public lands-neither wasi:
lawful. The people of Illinois owne!
most of the soil ot their State. and tbe
improvement of their property was:
personal obligation to which they fte
et'eal and were equal. But the U'nit.-!
States owns the country betwef'n tl.
Pacific and Lake Superior. ThF e work
of developing it is for the government
to do. The population of the country
is too thin and too poor to even under
tIake it. The work, moreover. ,
such magnitude as to be wholly b .
yond the compass of private capitul. I
is of absolute necessity that the g-'
ernment shall undertake and hell
through-and this it can do withow
the expenditure of a dollar in mIonn
or an increase of the public debt.
TRANS~C'NTINKNTAL RtAIlr.t(.h D t.,il
G;IVE I S IN('REAE OF P'01 .\'' ATIN
BY IMMIORATION.
It can be shown by official recori'
that the Eastern Division Pacific ros:
(of Kansas,) the Union Pacific, and th
Central Pacific, have been instruments.
in adding hundreds of thousands to th
population of the States of Kansas. t('u
orado, Iowa, Nebraska, California&nD
Nevada. Minnesota owes to the rapid
ity and cheapness of transportation l
rail, her best population of over 100."
000 Germans. Norwegians and Swede
Every foreign laborer landing on o0:
shores is economically valued at $..S0'
He rarely comes empty handed. TLr
superintendent of the Castle (iardei
Immigrant Depot has stated that '
careful inquiry extending over a perio
of 17 months, gave an average of $10k'
almost entirely in coin, as the moDr:
property of each man, woman, SD`
child' landed at New York. Fron
1830, the commencement of our railw'.
building, to 1860, the number offoreip
immigrants was 4,787,924. At that r
io of coin wealth pdseessed by esC
the total addition to the stock of mo1 I"
in the United States made by this .'
dition to its population was J4T
400!
The Union Pacific tKniiway. ,."'''"
division. has organized inmmigratio.'
its lands. It has agents in Europey
te! of the resources of Kansas, and ~
duce people to seek a home there. 'i'
nlug them if necessary to cross the -!
lantic, and to reach that state by n'
and selling them the lands ,n "I"'
credit. This liberal and wise elxal(s
will be followed. Let tihe Northern P'
ciSc and Southern Pacific railroads L.'
the homestead law go togethr sne
the continent, and in less than ten y
we will see upon the line'- ", :I',
roads and their outlets at lrat Ofn?
millions of the best population "''
thern Europe-farmers. oraierr~~T
chanics and miners. .eckon npt>1
worth at $1,500 a head. add t'0,;i
rodr.ct the quantity of cnin the. ."
Lng, $100 each perso; t!hen t Ylth i !
,000.000 added to the wealt
the country, our governtment IfL
Bud authority and courage to u
tee the interest of the bond" iss. "
mmist in building the road.- . h
The maorit of the comrmittee .
Lnag thoughtlly considered the
nioi of th United States in rediG rA
Lts finances, and Its trade and coiDm
resaent and prospective, declare
elief that two additional lines of r
way to the Pacific ocean are seesOw
tCoatlaued on Fourth page,)

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