PRES. C00UD6E ltaU-1 fro.PM.0~> ».I« Stete, ia the land at .„poe tpnit f- not °® l5r for WlMeff ' ** t0r tas chorea. 1 he President asadt- it « fear that he -- ***** " *•«"• -«« • ***< 1.M tor a, parpo. /- 9 *. tè*a« tn »»If —V«9 Drh» H OW MANY old friends do you remember with whom you have lost touch? How many whose regard you cherished for years only to see them slip out of sight and out of mind because of a lack of contact? There is a way to keep old friends even after they have passed out of the circle of your home community. By the Long Dis tance telephone. It it our obligation to make every effort to farniih service to all who apply. In doing this we constantly add to the value of • omr service to old subscribers by #*• tending their range of communication. Cost levels ore much higher thon in the post so that each now telephone installed now increases the av erage cost of tha whole telephone sys tem. *> You can gather up the loosened threads old comrade of these ships and bind them to you again. Afriend ly call to some of these old chums will give them pleasure and bring joy to your own heart. Remember, yoar wok* it you. « Station-to-Station are Qoicker and Cost Less Bell System *» » & A I fm — «r in ... fe METHODIST CHURCH NOTES Harry T. Our prayer service fw this be oo Pri~» eeeoi», .1 VM. »9 'SttSfZiTSZSt heîd° thi* Friday following pmyer ** • ■ .* 11 o'clock. Ser "fT ** " ° ClOÄ - mo. by tb. p~tor. Evening service at 7 JO. S(UKUy wh ool at 10 o'clock. i Epworth League at 6:30. choir rehearsal Saturday evening #t g oVk>ck meeting of the Ladies Aid Ww1n esd*y afternoon. A c|aa(| haa been organised for the eawftd ^ conatruct } T BjWe -tody This i. open to all young ^ k igh school age and adults. fj rg t meeting will be held in the church thu Saturday evening at 7 o , clock fharp The queat i on .sked by Pilate: ,.^b at «^»11 | Do With Jésus?'* at gome time or other rings clearly In the ^ ^ eyery indjridaal who has eve* h anBwer jt f or yourself, and be sure that you answer it right. CARD OF THANKS. We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to our friends and neighbors who so thoughtfully and generously assisted us in oar recent bereavement. Mr. and Mrs. Glen Sweat and family. Mrs. J. R. Jewell and family. T ex Graff Range Rider for Stock Asa'n. DEPUTY SHERIFF Headquarters: RAYNESFORD SHERIFF'S OFFICE GT. FALLS BELT = CRUT FILLS COMING STEEL CENTER OF TNE NORTHWEST _ (Continued from Page One) .. Zombie aa lljui y^T -.. f, ll^pmtte . 87 982 Menominee . .66 8-04 Vermilion - 12 6.74 uyuna , Mesaba - m 1L * B I From the foregoing it appear, that the Vermilion is the highest grade ! iron district in the Lake Superior country and that it ships tha least ore. Now comparing the Running Wolf »«» district with the Vermilion and Mesaba, they stand as follower * ron Sille» Phos ******* Wolf 64.76 4.8« .0093 ; Vermilion -. „ 56417 9.66 .066 Me " ba -- 61 " 792 - 0 * 2 Running Wolf iron range is the only hi * h * rade iron ore district of mag nltuda in the world in auch close prox > mit y to unlimited quantities of cok in * c° a1 ' hi * h 8Tade manganese, and chrome ores. COAL Beh-Smith River-Hound Creek p„.i pj.u Montana '■ /0a * r a - alonLBna The Belt-Smith River-Hound Creek coal field is about 66 miles long, ex tends some 16 miles east of Belt In Cascade county, to Rock croek tn Meagher county, and the northerly end of the field lies between Running Wolf iron range and Great Falla. Coal mines are being operated in this field within 10 miles of Groat Falla. The coal occurs in the "Kootenai" formation and the area where that formation outcrops at the surface, and the coal therefore easily accessible, is apparently 800 square miles in extent but, of course, not all underlaid with coal. There are some small localities within tfaia area where the "Kootenai" formation has been eroded away end a few other localities' where the coal bed is non-exiatent or not of workable thickness, but it is estimated that .t I least 400 square miles of this area Is underlaid by a coal bed of an average thickness rangring from five to fifteen feet Topography The topography of this coal area is j transitional between mountain and! plain including some features of both. 1 Between Smith river and Hound creeK the country is hilly; elsewhere salient features are broad, gently sloping benchlands dissected by deep valley» of numerous mountain streams. Prom inent among these streams are Belt creek, Ming coulee. Smith river and Hound creek with its many tribu taries. Smith river canyon, about 20 miles long, lies right beside this coal field, in fact forma the eastern boundary of the southern portion. Smith river ! carries a large volume of water 1 through the canyon at all times of the ; year and there are very numerous falls or rapids spaced abort distance« apart for the whole 20 miles. It is a comparatively narrow canyon high rock walls, often nearly perpen dicular, and the potential water power for the whole length of this canyon la Water Power j enormous. The power lines of the Montana Power company also cross this coal field, vix; The Rainbow-Butte power line. The Two Dot power line. The Orel The coal in this field is in the "Kootenai" formation and is the old-. eat and best bituminous coal found tn an y of the western United States. It compares favorably with the Connell» ville, Pa., coal and the larger part of it is coking coal from which coke can ! be made for blast furnace practice. Montana haa the largest coal ana of any state in the union. The east ern one-quarter of the state is under laid with lignite occurring in the "Port Union*' formation, the youngest ang | top formation in the geologic column. ; Westward toward the mountains and middle of the state, semibituminons and bituminous coala are found in the , "Fort Union," "Judith River" and the ; all j Eagle Sandstone" formations comparatively young formations, geo logically speaking. The "Kootenai* formation is many millions of yean ! older than any of the above nameg formations This coal in the "Kootenai" forma tion is th* beat and highest grade W- 7 cumin ou» coal yet found in any of tha United States. It i. pruette ally the only high grade coking coat found to the western United Stete» and this fact alone will make it «iway» in great demand and of great valu®, over half a million feoi of this coal at Beit, about 20 mites of Great Fall*, was IN through foe Lurig coal washer ta , make somewhat over MOJWO tua» of coke This was done by Mar«» XM^I to Ms thorn, 1» obtain oaks for «sa » tha Washoe of the then 4mal "T fe Mtns and Journal ofj Now Ytofo «*r.cA«9. 1M». Mr. Copper company, *_ "The Groat Fall» Coal Field in Mon tana," very thoroughly descriptive of that P* rt **te eo *l ft«W near the .0W„ ot Bdt; ~ 689, ghijrick «mmn.« tb. cob made of thia eoa j ; .■ The bottom of coking coa | WM a t one time mined sep-_ ara tely mid produced a coke that waa equa3 to th * Connellavilie coke in composition and physical structure." ^ Connellsvilie, Pa., coke is the gtandard blast furnace coke of the world . This "Kootenai'' formation and the coa j extend more 0 r less continuoos ly from the Great Falls field north ward to Lethbridge on the Canadian Pacific railway, and west from Leth bridge about 100 miles along the Can adian Pacific and International boun dary to Crow's Nest and Fernie. and southward from Fernie in the Plat head Basin back into Montana. Great Falls now has railroad connections miles and to Fernie 342 miles. At Coleman, between Lethbridge and Crow's Nest, there are 216 coke ovens and an excellent coke is produced. At Blairmore, the next station, there are 60 more coke ovena. The Crow's Nest Pass Coal corn pany, Limited, at Ferme, is by far the I most extensive and important coal and coke operator in this whole field, It has 480 five-ton beehive ovens and makes a moat superior coke folly equal for iron blast furnace purposes to the Connellsvilie, Pa. The average assay of their coal and coke is as fol lows: Moisture Volatile Comb. Matter... ,22.00 Fixed Carbon . 68.70 84.80 Ash . Sulphur Phosphorous B. T. U. « both with Lethbridge and Fernie and also intermediate points. From Great Falls to Lethbridge by rail is 20o Coal Coke . SO 2B0 100.00 100.00 8.50 13.00 .40 Trace 14,200 As to Manganese in Montana, we quote the following excerpts from Bulletin No. 725 of the United States MANGANESE Geological Survey: "One of the sur prise« of the war period was a large production of manganese pre in Mon tana. In 1916 general attention was first directed to the manganiferroos deposits by the shipment of rather large quantities of high grade oxide ore from Philipsburg. In 1917 the production of that district ao greatly increased that Montana jumped fhr ahead of the other states producing manganese ores. Apparently because the carbonate of manganese was new to the ore trade, the bodies of rbodo chrosite at Butte, wljich are among the largest and most valuable sources of manganese in the country, were overlooked for several months after the mining of the oxide ores began. In 1918 a further great increase in output was made at Philipaburg, and Butte, having begun the mining of its rbodoefarosite bodies, became, next to Fhilipsburg, the most productive dis trict in the United States. "Montana supplied during 1917 and 1918 two-thirda of the total domestic production and imports combined. Most of the product was smelted to forromanganese for use in steel mak **>«• At the rate of three tons of ore one tô " of alloy, all the ore pro duced in Montana would have yielded 87,000 tons of alloy, or an amount sufficient to manufacture 16,000,000 tons of steel, just about Cherry Creak, Anceny, Banova. Wick **• Blackhawk, Castle, Neihart, Bon '*». Trapper Creek and Dry Georgia Qaich, and in the Little Belt moun tain*. During the World War, Mon **«» produced more manganese than all the other states combined. Chrome Large quantities of chrome steel one-sixth of the total amount made tn this country during the years men tioned." other deposits of manganese are found in Montau* at Wagwam Creek, r * mad * •*** Gte metal chrome is ob talned from the mineral chromite, of which there are many and groat de 0 * 1 ** in 0,6 northwest Bulletin No. * 6 United State* Geologic)* Survey, *** describing one chromite district in Monfcana ' *****•■ atarta °° Boulder River, la 8wwt Graa * <»»"•*• 10 "««a »oath of McLeod, and extend* to a general di reaction of 16 degrees south of ** ** ■*® aa ** r '**' Tail Creek » Stillwater county." This is probably forgeât and richest chrome district ** Thera arc a% chromite àopoaitm near Red Lodge, Montana, V ** t <* Hamatone for '£** *** a ac — ary is iron blast ft» mm praafoa Madia - Bme ^ -' UKK» feet thick, * - tootn'MÎÎ of foe iron veto in W«df fro« District, and foe up for»»»*«, to foot, fo« I mat ■tone In Mon Un* for flux. TW nil road tiikncb going te the Iren I mines will have io be biult along and on this limestone, and th« I I for flax will be hauled to blast nace on the Mme trains iron ore is 1 hauled. dostry in any country is bound to (testete to «t k«U., Economic Conditions The center of the iron and steel .n where the raw materials, iron ore, coking coal, etc., sure of the beat qnal ity and sufficient quantity and can be assembled cheapest at blast furnace. All the raw materials for making steel, iron, ore, coking coal, Ume-, stone, manganese, chromite, natural gas, crude oil, and cheapest hydro-1 electric power—all are "bunched" near »Great Falla as they are nowhere else, as far as known, on this earth's sur face. in the manufacture of steel, vast amounts of power are required, and vast amounts also in the manufacture of iron and steel products as automo biles and all other machinery. The Montana Power company is prepared to furnish very cheap hydro-electric power at Great Falls, in practically unlimited quantities for all these pur poses. bting Iron Ores All are perhaps familiar with the cost of assembling the iron ores of the Lake Superior districts and the cokes of Pennsylvania, which are by rail and water some 1.200 miles apart, more or less. The ore has to be hauled from mines to Lake by rail, trans ferred from car to dock, transferred from ore dock to boat, carried by boat to lower lake parts, transferred from boat to ore dock, transferred from ore "J 0 : a l r0ad and * the blast furnaces at Pittsburgh and vicinity. _^ Th. quoted 9™*. LM., Superior iron ores, on dock at lower. Lake ports, during the last few years have been about as follows: Old Range Bess, 66 per cent iron, $6.00 per ton. Mesaba Bess, 56 per cent, $6.75 per Ai Old Range non-Bess. 61 1-2 per cen« iron, $6.60 per ton. ' Mesaba no-Bess, 56 per cent iron, ton. $5.00 per ton. « The above prices are on the dock at Cleveland, Ohio; then, there has to be added to the above prices, the rail freight per ton from Cleveland to the.** furnaces at Pittsburgh and vicinity, It takes about two tftns of the ores as now mined in the Lake Superior districts to make one ton of steel; so, it is evident that the cost of the iron ore alone, to make a ton of steel at Pittsburgh, is around $15.00. On account of the higher grade of Running Wolf iron ores, it would take only about 1 6-8 tons of Running Wolf ore to make a ton of steel; and as the coking coala are in close proximity to the iron ores, the blast furnaces would be near both the ore and coke, and the necessary Running Wolf iron ore to make a ton of steel would not cos«, delivered at furnace, to exceed $4.00. Eastern steel manufacturers draw their supplies of manganese ores chiefly from South America, and Mediterranean ports at a coat of $26 to $36 per ton according to grade, while the steel works at Great Falls, owning its own manganese mines in Montana, would deliver the same kind of ore to ita furnace for $6 or $6 per ton. As for chromite for making chro-i mic-steel, while Eastern steel makers derive practically their whole supply from foreign countries at a cost ot about $18 to $26 per ton, the steel maker of Great Falla, owning his own chromite mines in Montana would de liver Chromite ore at his furnace for about $6 or $7 per ton. In the light of the foregoing facta it must be patent to all, that steel can be manufactured cheaper at Great Falls by about $10 per ton than at Pittsburgh, Pa. Automobiles can be made cheaper at Great Falls than anywhere else pn earth, owing to this cheaper steel and cheap hydro-electric power. If one au tomobile manufacturer comes here, ail others who wish to enjoy the western market will be obliged to co also. ! here Practically all mining and agricul tural machinery is now made in the east and shipped out here, because cheap iron and steal ie at present only obtainable la the aakt, but when oh tainahle here, all those manufactur ers who wish to enjoy foe western market will be obliged to establish works here. Aa they build modern steel works now, foe first unit coat« about $60,- , The Park-to-Park Garage WES 1NTBRMHJL, PROP. far W e are la 4a afi kjads of AI to CWurwnlMML OHL — OOOJOWCH THUS» a; t •* Business Benders AdvcrtteumcMs under iba beading !l LOST—Two-year-old White face heifer branded .— left nhoulder. Notify Louis Nevala. («T) ■ > _ . , „ _ „ „ En » m * ***« P*° w - ?»**fcaUy 1 Cost $275.00, will sell for $100.00, B. K. Hammer, five miles northeast of Belt. El Eacentio cigar as good aa the best and better than the rest. FOR SALE—Moline 4 bottom Disc (2tp) FOR SALE—Choice breeding pen of the large type of S. C. White Log * 1 ° n,s > consisting of 24 well-matures P^'* 8 two good cock» for $26 fM' one Trusty 160-178 egg) hot water incabator used one season and ; i a small brooder for $16-00. Schmeer, one mile north of Belt. -38 G. E. FOR SALE—4 Mammoth Bronx« Turkey Toms. One year old this ' spring. $3.60 each. John Richardson, Raynesford, Mont. G*e ranch. See Joseph Saltesz, Belt, Mont 38-9 horM _ Haa ^ f . u . g caljr . unbranded. Cow branded g ^ ^ Qwner ^ ^ same by paying for feed and adver ' " Graft. 38-9) FOR SALE OR TRADE for Great Falls Property—307 acre ranch locat ed in Oregon near Idaho line*. 20 head of cattle and 16 head of horses go with FOUND — Whiteface cow with 38 Eight Mammoth j Bronze Turkey Hens. WANTED— I One Gobbler. Long Ranch Co. $8 FOR SALE 000,000. The United Staten Steel Corpora tion has over 200,000 employes, which at ,ive *° 8 fami, y- meana * million people; and the Bethlehem Steel corn . , P an y> *ta subsidiaries, has almost ** man y employes, The »mount of capital invested in 16 iron and steel, coal and coke in i dustries is gigantic; and the tonnage ,of fpei « ht ,or railroadi P™*™* *>y those industries is tremendous. The Httl ® cit y of Youngaton, Ohio, near the Pennsylvania line, haa in recent year» become an iron and steel, coal and coke center, and it is said that the tonnage of freight in and out of Youngaton is greater than that in aad out of the Harbor of New York. In recent years as high aa 66,000,000 tons of iron ore per annum have been shipped from the Lake Superior Iron districts. Of course no mines can stand auch a drain forever. Of the six Lake Superior iron ore districts, three, the Marquette, Menominee and Vermilion, are now practically ex hausted. About 16 years ago our eastern steel manufacturers entered into a "Gentlemen's Agreement," called the "Pittsburgh Plus," basing price —tha gentlemanly effect of which was to charge all purchasers of steel, wher ever the steel was purchased, "the price at'Pittsburgh this morning at 10 o'clock plus the railroad freight rate from Pittsburgh, Pa., to its point of destination," Great Falla. Seattle or 8hn Francisco, for instance. And a corollary agreement was entered in to that none of these companies tn the "Pittsburgh Plus" would "invade" the northwest during the life of the "Pittsburgh Plus"—invade was the word they used! But a few months ago, the Federal Trade Commission advised Congres« that the "Pittsburgh Plus" agree ment was in restraint of trade ana recommended its abrogation and the steel companies reluctantly consented to its dissolution. So there is now free competition and the steel makers are prepared to and will "invade" the Northwest this season. The manifest destiny of Great Palls is to become one of the world's grea* manufacturing centers and I stake my judgment that it will have more than 100,000 population within five years. FOR SALES THAT SUIT -TBT PILGERAM the Anaingtoa. -> > T