PRES. C00UD6E
ltaU-1 fro.PM.0~>
».I« Stete, ia the land at .„poe
tpnit f- not °® l5r for WlMeff ' ** t0r
tas chorea.
1 he President asadt- it « fear that he
-- ***** " *•«"• -«« • ***<
1.M tor a, parpo. <rf bei.« elect«,
to say office and when having achter
«d that end. to forsake the platform
on which he «ras elected
Th«» «■ •*» ***** **** ***** ***
President considers such sa action as
a betrayal of the individual's consdt
uents. The President finds no fault
with men or women who change party
labeU because of sincere convictions
their*, is that right, but candidates
who preach one thing on the stump
and practice another after election, do
not meet with his approval.
lathe matter of the tariff. the
President mmle it known that
stands as firmly today aa he ever ttas
in favor ofa ton« that woo
tect the cibsens of lw country, no
matter what se< tion is involve HO
drotros that the farmer be given ben
* f,t °* ad ^ UÄt ^ protection H e ae -
airoa tha the wtakuum *»M be gron
such protection aa mil enable him to
receive wage« that will provide ample
. .1 .
comforts for him
is for the protection of the American
wage scale and the American stan
dard of living, which is the highest in
the world. The Inaugural Address of
President Cool id ge was delivered wita
characteristic simplicity and earnest
ness. It was the kind of message that
the people of the United States ex
pected tarn to deliver. It was a re
affirmation of their confidence tn
him, aa expressed by the millions oi
people wte voted for him in Novem
ber, 1*64.
BBLT ELECTRIC
SERVICE STATION
Poland, Prop.
Battarr, Curator
aad Starter
Repairing
Ant»
OR. A M. MACAULET
*
' Offices
714-716 Pint Nat. Bank Bldg.
4X74 si- Grant Palls
here are p
the Old friends?
frit Wa hru hat, tin «M;
r«M* tr* i>/- 9 *. tè*a« tn »»If
—V«9 Drh»
H
OW MANY old friends do you
remember with whom you have
lost touch? How many whose
regard you cherished for years
only to see them slip out of sight and out
of mind because of a lack of contact?
There is a way to keep old friends even
after they have passed
out of the circle of your
home community.
By the Long Dis
tance telephone.
It it our obligation to
make every effort to
farniih service to all
who apply. In doing
this we constantly
add to the value of
• omr service to old
subscribers by #*•
tending their range
of communication.
Cost levels ore much
higher thon in the
post so that each now
telephone installed
now increases the av
erage cost of tha
whole telephone sys
tem.
*>
You can gather up
the loosened threads
old comrade
of these
ships and bind them
to you again. Afriend
ly call to some of these
old chums will give
them pleasure and
bring joy to your own
heart.
Remember, yoar
wok* it you.
«
Station-to-Station
are Qoicker and Cost Less
Bell System
*» »
&
A
I fm
—
«r
in
...
fe
METHODIST CHURCH NOTES
Harry T.
Our prayer service fw this
be oo Pri~» eeeoi», .1 VM.
»9 'SttSfZiTSZSt
heîd° thi* Friday following pmyer
** • ■ .* 11 o'clock. Ser
"fT ** " ° ClOÄ -
mo. by tb. p~tor.
Evening service at 7 JO.
S(UKUy wh ool at 10 o'clock.
i Epworth League at 6:30.
choir rehearsal Saturday evening
#t g oVk>ck
meeting of the Ladies Aid
Ww1n esd*y afternoon.
A c|aa(| haa been organised for the
eawftd ^ conatruct } T
BjWe -tody This i. open to all young
^ k igh school age and adults.
fj rg t meeting will be held in the
church thu Saturday evening at 7
o , clock fharp
The queat i on .sked by Pilate:
,.^b at «^»11 | Do With Jésus?'* at
gome time or other rings clearly In the
^ ^ eyery indjridaal who has eve*
h<jard the atory of Christ, In every
aince the time of Jesus
have been countless number,
I haye found in hira not only .
^ jdeal and c nionahi ^
.
satisfies, but also power to attain to
, theirldaal. Aa you hear that question
ringjn(f j n your ear> anBwer jt f or
yourself, and be sure that you answer
it right.
CARD OF THANKS.
We wish to express our heartfelt
gratitude to our friends and neighbors
who so thoughtfully and generously
assisted us in oar recent bereavement.
Mr. and Mrs. Glen Sweat and
family.
Mrs. J. R. Jewell and family.
T ex Graff
Range Rider for Stock Asa'n.
DEPUTY SHERIFF
Headquarters:
RAYNESFORD
SHERIFF'S OFFICE
GT. FALLS
BELT
=
CRUT FILLS COMING STEEL
CENTER OF TNE NORTHWEST
_
(Continued from Page One)
..
Zombie aa lljui
y^T -.. f,
ll^pmtte . 87 982
Menominee . .66 8-04
Vermilion - 12 6.74
uyuna ,
Mesaba - m 1L * B
I From the foregoing it appear, that
the Vermilion is the highest grade
! iron district in the Lake Superior
country and that it ships tha least ore.
Now comparing the Running Wolf
»«» district with the Vermilion and
Mesaba, they stand as follower
* ron Sille» Phos
******* Wolf 64.76 4.8« .0093
; Vermilion -. „ 56417 9.66 .066
Me " ba -- 61 " 792 - 0 * 2
Running Wolf iron range is the only
hi * h * rade iron ore district of mag
nltuda in the world in auch close prox
> mit y to unlimited quantities of cok
in * c° a1 ' hi * h 8Tade manganese, and
chrome ores.
COAL
Beh-Smith River-Hound Creek
p„.i pj.u Montana
'■ /0a * r a - alonLBna
The Belt-Smith River-Hound Creek
coal field is about 66 miles long, ex
tends some 16 miles east of Belt In
Cascade county, to Rock croek tn
Meagher county, and the northerly
end of the field lies between Running
Wolf iron range and Great Falla. Coal
mines are being operated in this field
within 10 miles of Groat Falla.
The coal occurs in the "Kootenai"
formation and the area where that
formation outcrops at the surface, and
the coal therefore easily accessible, is
apparently 800 square miles in extent
but, of course, not all underlaid with
coal. There are some small localities
within tfaia area where the "Kootenai"
formation has been eroded away end
a few other localities' where the coal
bed is non-exiatent or not of workable
thickness, but it is estimated that .t
I least 400 square miles of this area Is
underlaid by a coal bed of an average
thickness rangring from five to fifteen
feet
Topography
The topography of this coal area is j
transitional between mountain and!
plain including some features of both. 1
Between Smith river and Hound creeK
the country is hilly; elsewhere salient
features are broad, gently sloping
benchlands dissected by deep valley»
of numerous mountain streams. Prom
inent among these streams are Belt
creek, Ming coulee. Smith river and
Hound creek with its many tribu
taries.
Smith river canyon, about 20 miles
long, lies right beside this coal field,
in fact forma the eastern boundary of
the southern portion. Smith river !
carries a large volume of water 1
through the canyon at all times of the ;
year and there are very numerous
falls or rapids spaced abort distance«
apart for the whole 20 miles. It is a
comparatively narrow canyon
high rock walls, often nearly perpen
dicular, and the potential water power
for the whole length of this canyon la
Water Power
j
enormous.
The power lines of the Montana
Power company also cross this coal
field, vix;
The Rainbow-Butte power line.
The Two Dot power line.
The Orel
The coal in this field is in the
"Kootenai" formation and is the old-.
eat and best bituminous coal found tn
an y of the western United States. It
compares favorably with the Connell»
ville, Pa., coal and the larger part of
it is coking coal from which coke can !
be made for blast furnace practice.
Montana haa the largest coal ana
of any state in the union. The east
ern one-quarter of the state is under
laid with lignite occurring in the "Port
Union*' formation, the youngest ang |
top formation in the geologic column. ;
Westward toward the mountains and
middle of the state, semibituminons
and bituminous coala are found in the ,
"Fort Union," "Judith River" and the ;
all j
Eagle Sandstone" formations
comparatively young formations, geo
logically speaking. The "Kootenai*
formation is many millions of yean !
older than any of the above nameg
formations
This coal in the "Kootenai" forma
tion is th* beat and highest grade W- 7
cumin ou» coal yet found in any of tha
United States. It i. pruette
ally the only high grade coking coat
found to the western United Stete»
and this fact alone will make it «iway»
in great demand and of great valu®,
over half a million feoi
of this coal at Beit, about 20 mites
of Great Fall*, was
IN
through foe Lurig coal washer ta ,
make somewhat over MOJWO tua» of
coke This was done by Mar«» XM^I
to Ms thorn, 1» obtain oaks for «sa »
tha Washoe
of the then 4mal
"T
fe Mtns and
Journal ofj
Now Ytofo «*r.cA«9. 1M». Mr.
Copper company,
*_
"The Groat Fall» Coal Field in Mon
tana," very thoroughly descriptive of
that P* rt **te eo *l ft«W near the
.0W„ ot Bdt; ~ 689,
ghijrick «mmn.« tb. cob
made of thia eoa j ;
.■ The bottom of coking
coa | WM a t one time mined sep-_
ara tely mid produced a coke that
waa equa3 to th * Connellavilie
coke in composition and physical
structure."
^ Connellsvilie, Pa., coke is the
gtandard blast furnace coke of the
world .
This "Kootenai'' formation and the
coa j extend more 0 r less continuoos
ly from the Great Falls field north
ward to Lethbridge on the Canadian
Pacific railway, and west from Leth
bridge about 100 miles along the Can
adian Pacific and International boun
dary to Crow's Nest and Fernie. and
southward from Fernie in the Plat
head Basin back into Montana. Great
Falls now has railroad connections
miles and to Fernie 342 miles. At
Coleman, between Lethbridge and
Crow's Nest, there are 216 coke ovens
and an excellent coke is produced. At
Blairmore, the next station, there are
60 more coke ovena.
The Crow's Nest Pass Coal corn
pany, Limited, at Ferme, is by far the
I most extensive and important coal
and coke operator in this whole field,
It has 480 five-ton beehive ovens and
makes a moat superior coke folly
equal for iron blast furnace purposes
to the Connellsvilie, Pa. The average
assay of their coal and coke is as fol
lows:
Moisture
Volatile Comb. Matter... ,22.00
Fixed Carbon . 68.70 84.80
Ash .
Sulphur
Phosphorous
B. T. U.
«
both with Lethbridge and Fernie and
also intermediate points. From Great
Falls to Lethbridge by rail is 20o
Coal Coke
. SO 2B0
100.00 100.00
8.50 13.00
.40
Trace
14,200
As to Manganese in Montana, we
quote the following excerpts from
Bulletin No. 725 of the United States
MANGANESE
Geological Survey: "One of the sur
prise« of the war period was a large
production of manganese pre in Mon
tana. In 1916 general attention was
first directed to the manganiferroos
deposits by the shipment of rather
large quantities of high grade oxide
ore from Philipsburg. In 1917 the
production of that district ao greatly
increased that Montana jumped fhr
ahead of the other states producing
manganese ores. Apparently because
the carbonate of manganese was new
to the ore trade, the bodies of rbodo
chrosite at Butte, wljich are among
the largest and most valuable sources
of manganese in the country, were
overlooked for several months after
the mining of the oxide ores began.
In 1918 a further great increase in
output was made at Philipaburg, and
Butte, having begun the mining of its
rbodoefarosite bodies, became, next to
Fhilipsburg, the most productive dis
trict in the United States.
"Montana supplied during 1917 and
1918 two-thirda of the total domestic
production and imports combined.
Most of the product was smelted to
forromanganese for use in steel mak
**>«• At the rate of three tons of ore
one tô " of alloy, all the ore pro
duced in Montana would have yielded
87,000 tons of alloy, or an
amount sufficient to manufacture
16,000,000 tons of steel, just about
Cherry Creak, Anceny, Banova. Wick
**• Blackhawk, Castle, Neihart, Bon
'*». Trapper Creek and Dry Georgia
Qaich, and in the Little Belt moun
tain*. During the World War, Mon
**«» produced more manganese than
all the other states combined.
Chrome
Large quantities of chrome steel
one-sixth of the total amount made tn
this country during the years men
tioned."
other deposits of manganese are
found in Montau* at Wagwam Creek,
r * mad * •*** Gte metal chrome is ob
talned from the mineral chromite, of
which there are many and groat de
0 * 1 ** in 0,6 northwest Bulletin No.
* 6 United State* Geologic)* Survey,
*** describing one chromite district in
Monfcana ' *****•■
atarta °° Boulder River, la
8wwt Graa * <»»"•*• 10 "««a »oath of
McLeod, and extend* to a general di
reaction of 16 degrees south of
** ** ■*® aa ** r '**' Tail Creek »
Stillwater county." This is probably
forgeât and richest chrome district
** Thera arc a% chromite
àopoaitm near Red Lodge, Montana,
V ** t <* Hamatone for
'£** *** a ac — ary is iron blast ft»
mm praafoa Madia - Bme
^ -' UKK» feet thick, *
-
tootn'MÎÎ of foe iron veto in
W«df fro« District, and foe up
for»»»*«, to foot, fo« I mat
■tone In Mon Un* for flux. TW nil
road tiikncb going te the Iren
I mines will have io be biult along and
on this limestone, and th« I
I for flax will be hauled to blast
nace on the Mme trains iron ore is
1 hauled.
dostry in any country is bound to
(testete to «t k«U.,
Economic Conditions
The center of the iron and steel .n
where the raw materials, iron ore,
coking coal, etc., sure of the beat qnal
ity and sufficient quantity and can be
assembled cheapest at blast furnace.
All the raw materials for making
steel, iron, ore, coking coal, Ume-,
stone, manganese, chromite, natural
gas, crude oil, and cheapest hydro-1
electric power—all are "bunched" near
»Great Falla as they are nowhere else,
as far as known, on this earth's sur
face.
in the manufacture of steel, vast
amounts of power are required, and
vast amounts also in the manufacture
of iron and steel products as automo
biles and all other machinery. The
Montana Power company is prepared
to furnish very cheap hydro-electric
power at Great Falls, in practically
unlimited quantities for all these pur
poses.
bting Iron Ores
All are perhaps familiar with the
cost of assembling the iron ores of the
Lake Superior districts and the cokes
of Pennsylvania, which are by rail and
water some 1.200 miles apart, more
or less. The ore has to be hauled
from mines to Lake by rail, trans
ferred from car to dock, transferred
from ore dock to boat, carried by boat
to lower lake parts, transferred from
boat to ore dock, transferred from ore
"J 0 : a l r0ad and *
the blast furnaces at Pittsburgh and
vicinity. _^
Th. quoted 9™*. LM.,
Superior iron ores, on dock at lower.
Lake ports, during the last few years
have been about as follows:
Old Range Bess, 66 per cent iron,
$6.00 per ton.
Mesaba Bess, 56 per cent, $6.75 per
Ai
Old Range non-Bess. 61 1-2 per cen«
iron, $6.60 per ton.
' Mesaba no-Bess, 56 per cent iron,
ton.
$5.00 per ton. «
The above prices are on the dock at
Cleveland, Ohio; then, there has to be
added to the above prices, the rail
freight per ton from Cleveland to the.**
furnaces at Pittsburgh and vicinity,
It takes about two tftns of the ores
as now mined in the Lake Superior
districts to make one ton of steel; so,
it is evident that the cost of the iron
ore alone, to make a ton of steel at
Pittsburgh, is around $15.00.
On account of the higher grade of
Running Wolf iron ores, it would take
only about 1 6-8 tons of Running Wolf
ore to make a ton of steel; and as the
coking coala are in close proximity to
the iron ores, the blast furnaces would
be near both the ore and coke, and
the necessary Running Wolf iron ore
to make a ton of steel would not cos«,
delivered at furnace, to exceed $4.00.
Eastern steel manufacturers draw
their supplies of manganese ores
chiefly from South America, and
Mediterranean ports at a coat of $26
to $36 per ton according to grade,
while the steel works at Great Falls,
owning its own manganese mines in
Montana, would deliver the same
kind of ore to ita furnace for $6 or $6
per ton.
As for chromite for making chro-i
mic-steel, while Eastern steel makers
derive practically their whole supply
from foreign countries at a cost ot
about $18 to $26 per ton, the steel
maker of Great Falla, owning his own
chromite mines in Montana would de
liver Chromite ore at his furnace for
about $6 or $7 per ton.
In the light of the foregoing facta
it must be patent to all, that steel can
be manufactured cheaper at Great
Falls by about $10 per ton than at
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Automobiles can be made cheaper
at Great Falls than anywhere else pn
earth, owing to this cheaper steel and
cheap hydro-electric power. If one au
tomobile manufacturer comes here, ail
others who wish to enjoy the western
market will be obliged to co
also.
!
here
Practically all mining and agricul
tural machinery is now made in the
east and shipped out here, because
cheap iron and steal ie at present only
obtainable la the aakt, but when oh
tainahle here, all those manufactur
ers who wish to enjoy foe western
market will be obliged to establish
works here.
Aa they build modern steel works
now, foe first unit coat« about $60,- ,
The Park-to-Park Garage
WES 1NTBRMHJL, PROP.
far
W e are
la 4a afi kjads of
AI
to
CWurwnlMML
OHL — OOOJOWCH THUS»
a;
t •*
Business Benders
AdvcrtteumcMs under iba beading
!l
LOST—Two-year-old White
face heifer branded .—
left nhoulder. Notify Louis Nevala.
(«T)
■
>
_ . , „ _ „ „
En » m * ***« P*° w - ?»**fcaUy
1 Cost $275.00, will sell for $100.00, B.
K. Hammer, five miles northeast of
Belt.
El Eacentio cigar as good aa the
best and better than the rest.
FOR SALE—Moline 4 bottom Disc
(2tp)
FOR SALE—Choice breeding pen
of the large type of S. C. White Log
* 1 ° n,s > consisting of 24 well-matures
P^'* 8 two good cock» for $26 fM'
one Trusty 160-178 egg) hot
water incabator used one season and
;
i
a small brooder for $16-00.
Schmeer, one mile north of Belt. -38
G. E.
FOR SALE—4 Mammoth Bronx«
Turkey Toms. One year old this
' spring. $3.60 each. John Richardson,
Raynesford, Mont.
G*e ranch. See Joseph Saltesz, Belt,
Mont 38-9
horM _ Haa ^ f . u . g caljr .
unbranded. Cow branded g
^ ^ Qwner ^ ^
same by paying for feed and adver
' " Graft.
38-9)
FOR SALE OR TRADE for Great
Falls Property—307 acre ranch locat
ed in Oregon near Idaho line*. 20 head
of cattle and 16 head of horses go with
FOUND — Whiteface cow with
38
Eight Mammoth
j Bronze Turkey Hens. WANTED—
I One Gobbler. Long Ranch Co. $8
FOR SALE
000,000.
The United Staten Steel Corpora
tion has over 200,000 employes, which
at ,ive *° 8 fami, y- meana * million
people; and the Bethlehem Steel corn
. ,
P an y> *ta subsidiaries, has almost
** man y employes,
The »mount of capital invested in
16 iron and steel, coal and coke in
i dustries is gigantic; and the tonnage
,of fpei « ht ,or railroadi P™*™* *>y
those industries is tremendous. The
Httl ® cit y of Youngaton, Ohio, near the
Pennsylvania line, haa in recent year»
become an iron and steel, coal and
coke center, and it is said that the
tonnage of freight in and out of
Youngaton is greater than that in aad
out of the Harbor of New York.
In recent years as high aa 66,000,000
tons of iron ore per annum have been
shipped from the Lake Superior Iron
districts. Of course no mines can
stand auch a drain forever. Of the
six Lake Superior iron ore districts,
three, the Marquette, Menominee and
Vermilion, are now practically ex
hausted.
About 16 years ago our eastern
steel manufacturers entered into a
"Gentlemen's Agreement," called the
"Pittsburgh Plus," basing price —tha
gentlemanly effect of which was to
charge all purchasers of steel, wher
ever the steel was purchased, "the
price at'Pittsburgh this morning at
10 o'clock plus the railroad freight
rate from Pittsburgh, Pa., to its point
of destination," Great Falla. Seattle
or 8hn Francisco, for instance. And
a corollary agreement was entered in
to that none of these companies tn
the "Pittsburgh Plus" would "invade"
the northwest during the life of the
"Pittsburgh Plus"—invade was the
word they used!
But a few months ago, the Federal
Trade Commission advised Congres«
that the "Pittsburgh Plus" agree
ment was in restraint of trade ana
recommended its abrogation and the
steel companies reluctantly consented
to its dissolution. So there is now
free competition and the steel makers
are prepared to and will "invade" the
Northwest this season.
The manifest destiny of Great Palls
is to become one of the world's grea*
manufacturing centers and I stake my
judgment that it will have more than
100,000 population within five years.
FOR SALES THAT SUIT
-TBT
PILGERAM the
Anaingtoa. ->
>
T