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Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, February 03, 1876, Image 1

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PER atN1 M.. y A .Iournal Dh)voted to Agricultnre, Llte-stock, Iloni0 lReadi.g, and General News. i
VOL. 1. DI)ION CITY, 3. T. FEB UARY 4, 1876. NO. 11.
OLO .ISlIE) Wl;i1,Y BY1
It
R. N. SUTHERLIH, ,
11
]:l)1T'l' ul .NI) I'P ;)l'IPILIEI(TON.
;n(ll"seof thi terll, c ):rai, cinfg inl its (colulnlll s e0' . tl
Clutiart eInt of Agicuhilture'c, Stock-rai.ini g, Ilhrti- - l
cultureii . S. ial l ll I)o tiestic Ec(noI' V.
AI)EIITISING ]I'TES.t
. weeks 4 7 10 1) 1 8 40,10
I lllollth 5 N 12 15 13 I 1 40 6
Si It3o i 11th 1 1 21 I0 D I 4 1 12 0
SInlonths h . 5 30; 45 -I 05 120 I 200
1 year 30 .10 (; 75 90 1105 1 0 f 210
'transient a'vl\erltisenlentt:i 1,laya1 l ) ill alvtllce.
Ietgular advertiscments payable quarterly.
Twienty-live per cent. olded for special madvertise
AtRICULLTURIAL.
AMERICAN FARMING.
We have noted frequently, as the oceasion
:arose, how thr superior the American farmer
is in every respect over the European ; and (
loW 11111(uc of thims superiority is due to the I
iil uitenan'e of purely AmIriacninstitutions. -
T'i'he Stlltl)jc't 1rc..es itself contin (tually on our
:ttention, in cjnnue.ctio( , w\itt ] events :s they
:.lmost da:ily rise. 1ere is a letter before us
from Palestine, giv"ing a graphic account of
the agriculture of that region. The people
tlhemlselves, setting aside their peculiar views
:and p)ractic(es, are by n Imeans a bad set.
'They are rem'arkatly sober ; indeed, they
atlfect a contemipt for European civilization,
on account of the prevailing drinking habits
of those countries. 'T1hey are honest to at
remarkable degree, and then their industry,
in their own peculiar way, is fari superior to
that of Italy, Spain, or some other south
European peoples. And then land is com
pariadvely cheap. In many places it requires
irrigation ; but on the whole the natural ad
vantages are really superior to much that
we have in our own western country, while
the moral element in many respects is equal
to what we often find among the pioneers of
the far west.
But there is nothing to stimulate ambition;
nothing to make a man look higher. lie is
born a laborer, lie is a laborer, he must die
a laborer. Every man imust know his place,
:a.ld he must keep it. There can be but little
invention in a society like this. The rulers
nare satisfied, the rich are satisfied ; that is
they may grumble and fret, but they have a
sort ot an idea that the sorrows and suffer
ings are all right in the sense that what is to
be will be, and so they must endure without
effort for any better things. It may be that
tihe merchants are satisfied, though this
would be a remarkable phenomenon ; but
these are by no means a numerous class, and
are confined chiefly to those who seud the
farm products to England and bring back
for the richer ones those goods which En
gland loves so well to sell, but which these
PaIlestine people might just as well make for
themselves if their civilization would let
them understand it.
So we find farming pretty much as it was
in Noah's days. Wheat is mostly brought
in on the back of camels, and trodden out
by the feet of mules, though here and there
two and three horse threshers have been in
troduced from England. Maize is cut off
below the ears, and the grain tramped out
in the same way. Thie best fitarms now have
at least the modern fan for blowing out the
chaff. The granary is simply a hole dug in
the ground, and lined with chaff to keep out
the dirt. The English plows are yet unpop
ular. They cut a forked stick. On one end
of the fork they put a broad iron shoe, like
a cultivator-tooth, and a pair of oxen are
litched to the end of the other fork, and the
plowman takes hold of the end beyond where
the forks unite. The clumsy thing weighs
a;bout thirty pounds, and even these cost
1)portion of the workinlg time is lo.st ill patch
in, the tllhing'. T"he t'rn-inmen work fromn
-lsunrisel to sunllset. the atall dall y ( beian. about
the same as ours here in lPhiladelphia. though
tihe linuate is 11111.11 waru:er than our-s. IFor
all iths long service the compensation is
twenty-Iive cenlts per day, a;d at harvest
time they get a half bushel of lwhealt extra.
They grind their owls corn, mixinug wheat
anrld mlaize together, ainki ng a sort of black
bre:ad, which is eaten with onlions or eacttus
berries, and this form.s almost lheir sole fod.
We talk about OU taxes, 011our (orrullptiolls.
o(ur robberies by m('n in l i publi' p)-itions.
who in solme respects instead of .ull' serva'\ ts
become our0111 Iiasters. We are .il ctlloughl
ill these 1(respe)(tS, we may 0e evenl worse
than we are thought to be, but we are a long
way from being in a condlitionl like this.
We take up this IPs l-t.ille ease because it
represents a very different phase of civ-iliza
tioni to that often reterred to. We look at
Italy, Spain, Ireland, all( similar places
which are under a severe theocracy, (or else
ito those coulitri(es where (ldrunkeliess, 11111'r
der, robbery, or similar crimes prevail, and
look to tthe existence of these facts :s the
cause of the want of progress ; but here is
a p1eople who are free froml these particular
vices, and who are not so de)potically ruled
as regard(s miental choice, and who, in so tlhr
as their material prosperity is concerned, are
just as bad as they.
''The American farmer has his troubles.
lie does well when he tries by every meains
in his power to miake these troubles less ;
but with all the worst of these he is a thou
sand times better off than the farmners of
other countries, whose system of govern
ment is so very much inferior to his own.
Germantown TeCleraph.
THE ONION FAMILY.
There are a good many niemibers of that
respectable family so celebrated for fragrance
-we mean the onion tribe. Some of them,
of course, are well known and appreciated,
as they are very likely to be ; for they have
a peculiar way of attracting attention, thouIgh
they may be too modest to speak for then
selves. Others are not so popular, though
perhaps not unworthy of a passing notice.
The leek in Imany counlt ies i e quite exten
siecly grown. In America it is found in the
markets of our large cities, and in some par
ticular sections, but generally in the country
is almost unknown. The leek is very handy,
bearing a good deal of freezing whlen in the
ground, without any injury, and tlherefore
in climates not too severe is allowed to re
maid in the ground during winter, to be
gathered as needed. This, of course, makes
it very desirable in many localities. .li very
cold climates it is taken up befotbre winter and
preserved in earth, about like celery, though
not needing so much protection. The leek
forms no bull), and the thick stemn, which is
the part used, must be bilanched by earthing
up. The leek is prized for soups, and is of
ten boiled and served as nsparaus. Culture
as for comimon onions.
Chives is a small and not very important
member of the onion tribe, quite hardy ev
erywheywhere, and will grow for years from the
same )bulbs and in the same spot. Inm old
times it was the custom to make a little bor
der of chives among the herbs. Thle leave
are as slender as a fine as a knitting needle,
and appear in bunches early in the spring,
andl are cut and used in the raw state. and
may be shorn several times durin the spl)ring.
It is propagated by divisions of the root.
Shallots are somewhat similar to uhives,
but larger and better, the roots being quite
hardy, they are kept in the ground during
winter, and in the spring one bulb will sep
arate into half-a-dozen or more. They are
then taken up, diyided, and bought and sold
as young onions. The shallot ripens about
the middle of summer, and can then be taken
up to be planted in the autumn, or retained
f,(1 r li... ! 11e.l ').ill( le(iet prizen e tf e w4ll::l
ilotlw of; Olklitll". It'l 11lint.,e~ llt(l ill Ohe T riof
111ey (Ia well, Kitt are not realIv thr tiue as
early :, if set out in the till.
'The 1liost pItlluwlit of all t1e famlily is teIm
garlie'. It seetas' as i ii the l'sicue of a ,Bolde
oil il of onioi s wi s eionectitrated in one of
its litthe 1loutlb. 'The romt or hlllh is cotIpos
ed( of :1 d(ozen uiall hlulhs called "'cloves.'
(Garlie i- o m luttih used in the south of Eu
rope, 111tt the Allleriet': travelvr' at lirst' gets'
the idea that evervthing lhe eats atll drinks
las le'nI flavored with it. ''lhe little (loves
are phl1tied in the :splriug six or eiilgt illches:
ap)rt1, ail iln tAuu. it the tips. will d(lie, when
the umhs. are rea:tly to ,'at her. Th'Iey row
the best in li.ght, rilch oil.-Yicl's ,l'oral
Guide.
ORIEGON, CALIFORN.& AND AUSTRALIAN
WHEAT.
Two copies of tlhe ..'l"k Lanc Express,
lately receivdl, as also circulars of grain
dealers ill London, qulote (Oregon wiheait as
bringing, a uhightr price in tle Eng lisr mar
ket thtan California club. Wo feel conildent
that s(onic iis<nderstadinug exists in the
contimnd quotation, ill direct dispatcheS, of
(alifor'lia club at an :ilvancee over IOregon
wteat. These coplies iof the Mlark Lanr Exe
pr(ess hear date in )c.cemb]e]r, at the very tilme
whenIll these qulotationls have lbeein received.
The L.,et el1.m patchesl( are evidently (correct
in other ]articulars, and we do not believe
that any intentional~ error is made in what
we oibject to. 'The news received is impor
tant, and we are glad to credit the Oreqon ian
withI the dclnirt to furnishi purompt and relia
ble intelligence of the i ultkets, and We refer
it to its files of the Mark Lane Ea2'ress fobr
proof that our objections are well taken.
In these late reports only one variety of
wheat in the whole range of the mtarket: is
Iqoted si wsortlh itore thain Oregon wheat,
iandl that is aterltain varliety l)produced inl Au.s
tralia. W\e :ie lihappy to be able to statte
that the He l tas FH nrhig Mills Company,
through Mlr. -Marshall J. linniy, the. S.n
Franilisco iteilt, ia p irc Iase1 one hunliidred
bushtels of this particuilar variety of Austra
lian wheat, andl tha it is lnow oil the way
uip here. The inltention is to have this wheat
well sowed by some good farmer who will
give it the best possilble show, and so test its
adaptability to our soil and cliiiimate. The
p)eculiar excellence lthait sectn'es it a better
price is its stroength-the flour miade f1ron it
being stronger ialndl more lively. If it sue
e(lds here, we calt raise and import seed aind
cultivate it here in illy desired qulantity.
I.:EASURIN 1LAY.-1Plese state by wlhat
rule it is customary to calculate tlhe g lnitity
of hay (timnothy, or other kind) and straw
ill any given space? a. (i. w. [The weoiglht
of hay Vcanot be determined with aceiurey
by lmeasuring'; but soie exl)erienuIe or a
Anw trials will eiahle the owner to taseert ail
app)roximtately without great deviati)on.
Fine(, flexible bay will Duck closer thian
cou'S., still'hay ; alid that which is cut (early
will become more sold tihan dry, still, hate
cut sly. Tihe det'rce of (drylless, wheat the
bay is drawvn ill, also :ltccts the result. The
coml)iactncss will, of course, vary with the
height of the mow or stack. As a general
av\Cl'agl', IO\VCVer, lllr(1 a It)less.sti (of (tell
feet or more, lan with a ine(ium h degree of
the otiher inlhtenices we have ml(entio(ned,
althout live hundred f(et of tiimothy will \weigIh
a tOll. fix or se"ell hundred(h, or (v.i llore
som(etime(, are required lh'r clear lo)ver.]
ll e(st, i nrn J¢:ct 1.
'IT.: prile b1uine-iss of agriulttilre is to
1)rohtice desir:able plants in a sulichilnt ahun
dani(e, of the best lqual:dity and with the great
est economy. To do this with the highest
su((cc.ss and with that rational iintelligence
whlich is generally supl)posed( to be a (listin
guishing chalra(t(eristit of the hrds of erea
tion, (leIi'ltls a lknowledge of vegetabhle
:uatomVy am( phy'siology, ftar more intimnate
atul thoroul' tlaln ] at ever yet been attaine1.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
,troun" decotiol of white oak hark, lllick
emd w'it It powldered charcoal aiid Indial
loeil, apply it to the 1 art:. retew it every
tIw hours ; or 1iiake a stiolgi teat rolt inhldi
tgo weedl. bh the the hart till \vwll.
('ItEr .() I.) AN) IN T \v'i 'I r ti Hos.
Roil i.teth ovr oie ,.] slow lirlVe ote oltVt ce tcop
l':,\. two ouces of rook salt. two onll(1,es of
linseled oil. n1i (eiblt otunce' of mnola vses ;
when cool add hai'lf ;ill olulce of oil of vit
riol, toir ounet s of spirits of ut'. entiite tttul
Itwo o llccs of oil of tr. Mix \well and the
satlve is lit tior itte.
To tn:.\:r, l'.ls+n:i:v s:.--kI atl the white of
all .1 Itake go (.od white . iIlpci r (tiss. 1e is the
hest.) cut it the size yout requite, and dip ;t
in the eg, wetting1 both sihoes. ('over your
j:rl or tumitblers, eareftlly )prlesig" down
tlhe edges of the paper. When dry it will
l.e as tight as a drttl hlead.
IE:OVtING (; i1;sE t:So'rs.-'The following
is a neV lll4tl etasy mlethod of instuttly re
toriving" lspoti of oil. grease, ai11(1 tailow fromi
aniy kind of stuttli without cIlu tuingi its color.
'Take live or six pieces of lighted chareoal,
aboutt the size of a wtalnt ; wrap them in a
piece of liinet which has been previoutsly
dipped in water a1l squeezed in t11h hand,
to piess out the supl).ttltnhidtltt lltoilture;
extend the stutl that is spotted ot a tiable ont
w'hich a clean unapkin t: s been spread, thln
take the cloth containing the charcoal by
the oiur corners, antd l ty it otn the spot; lift
it tup tand tput it oit the spot tell r rtwelve
tites successively, pressing lightly upon it.
and the spot will disappeattr.
l'citxs AND) SCAu1)s.-Apply sp)irits of tur'
pentit. tiC to turts ttld scals as soon ats pos
siblie, as it, is thIe best adapted to tpromote
a rapid slpperation. a01( prevent the irre 'i
lni marks and seants cotntonlty following
other mtodes )of toreatmentt. A ctse of severe
scald, in which the allected 1inparts were copi
otusly bathlted with ol. terebinth, previtously
warmed by tputtiug the phial in hot water;
tafterwards, strips of linen, spreadtl with ungt.
ccrwi, were appl)llied. T'ihe pain was ruoved
very speedily, and the pattient lell asleep.
The dressings of ungt. ceror were only con
tinued fora sthort lime; the :atleeted parts
wore then dusted with lhair powder, A\hi'h
formed It scab that tll11 ofl in thi e (co.r'se oft a
few days leav(ng the skil underneath per
t'ectly sound.
It1:11 E1)v FOR WOUNDS.--1):11' . (llfl(: , 1lll(liCl.(1I:
o'f Iihe ('ount,'y (G1cnllc'lnran gives tie le11ioW
ing r (ln etiW for f 'j)ai )lil Wounds : 'l ;the ill'i
tktt 1 411 WC1' 'I ' them'1n1 hr ý 1.1'C11su a, nd
1old tiolijeigt IIIu th.etl pr t' In u h ie s tke. 111l111a
1!e :0lt1(1 tIh v :r all t wllt) besue a lla1Vd o't':ttl iel
11(ov 'I 01011. x et rlitii y )111 I' 111' lIeI (1Ie4 it
ousty 11il ietd :11tIiie r-uhdiwui l ~i'l 11 the ht
toº1 ofIll' toot Th 1)al nti eiVots it'i
byt'(1, lnd it 1)I'OI Iiis the 1s'' io il'eeot' 1)
of'splti a iseie vdi' I ss Lttle to (':111e iy eactiitg
toloteri , 1 Vil ivlik'Ile results i ail . wree k at es 14
of l(' (-1lnen stabllet linger-naile tilliS ou lit'
sieth 1ere ill tonges llhIt o 1k-kll"'vey h~irt' wie
garl'tt tlolke fll tw ny l nlJititJsi 1( t hei~~t 1):ulit
sheet), b}- giving the 4talit'aIs free- aces lilY

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