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TW PAMI MI$OPULIAN PtiMihld Every Day' il the Year. MISiOULIAN PUBL1StiG CO. Missoula4 Montana. Entered at the postoffice at Missoula, Montana, as second-class mall matter. SUBSCRIPTION RATEL. (In Advance.) Daily, one month ................... $0.75 Dally, three months ........................ 2.25 Daily, six months ...................... 4.00 Daily, one year .............................. 8.00 Postage added for foreign countries. TELEPHONE NUMBER. Bell...........1.10 Independent....510 MISSOULA OFFICE 129 and 131 West Main Street. Hamilton Office 221 Main Street, Hamilton, Mont. The Missoullan may be found on sale at the following newstands out side of Montana: Chicago-Chicago Newspaper Agen cy, N. E. corner Clark and Madison streets. Minneapolis-World News Co., 213 North Fourth street. Salt Lake City-MacGillls & Lud wig. San Francisco-United News Agents. rPortland-Consolidated News Co., Seventh and Washington. Seattle - Eckart's News Agency, First avenue and Washington; W. O. Whitney. Spokane-Jamieson News. Co. Tacoma-Trego News Co., Ninth and Pacific. SUBSCRIBERS' PAPERS. The Missoulian is anxious to give the best carrier service; therefore, sub scribers are requested to report faulty delivery at once. In ordering paper change to new address, please give old address also. Money orders and checks should be made payable to The Missoullan Publishing Company. SUNDAY, JANUARY 12, 1913. PASSING EVENTS TVith the Thirteenth legislative as sembly through the troubles of organi zation and with the annual January storm well out of the way, 2Montana enters upon the pleasing season of clearance sales with a light heart and a clear conscience. The state has fared better in the organization of the legislature than was expected; there. is now the possibility that the people will receive some benefit from ,this season's enactments of the lawmakers. Also Montana passed through the experi ence of the below-zero period with less inconvenience than almost any other region in the United States. In western Montana, particularly, the cold wave was mild in its expression. There was no damage resulting from the cold and the temperature was not as low as in many districts which are wont to boast of their warm winters. And so, with the legislature, organized for business and on record with a resolution really to do business-with the cold wave yielding to the balmy influence of the chinook wind, Montana enters upon an other week of 1913 under conditions which are extremely favorable. The coal man has had his day; the ice man has had his first harvest; the house holder has not been hit as 'hard as he might have been. The clearance sale now takes its annual winter whack at the h!gh cost of living and each day brings us nearer to green leaves and open streams. A GREAT ASSET - Reading the storm stories from east and west and from north and south during the past week, western Montana had much sat isfaction. It was good to know that ours was the very best climate, all last week, that was to be found knywhere in the country. Sometimes we get stale with long home-staying and see in the distance greener pastures than those which are about us. But, when we come to investigate, there is noth ing any better than what we have at home and, as a 'matter of fact, there is nothing quite as good. In-her weather western Montana has a great asset. It Is an asset which is not advertised sufficiently. The country at large has the notion that western Montana's cli mate is analagous to that of the, shore of Hudson bay. Only Thursday, the editorial desk of The Missoulian re ceived a letter from a man in Indiana, asking for personal suggestion regard ing the purchase of an outfit of cloth ing for outdoor life in the Plains coun try. We have had considerable experi ence with the climate of Plains and we are acquainted, to some extent, with the climate of Indiana. The Indiana man, when he gets out here, will find that Plains -has no such extremes of climate as had his Hoosier home. Bome of the clothing which he wears at home will be serviceatble here. The heaviest of it hp will discard. Next summer he will throw away the light est of it. He will find here such an outdoors as he never dreamed of back where the sun scorches in the summer and where the lake wind cuts to the marrow in the winter months. PUBLICITY - Which, naturally, brings us to a favorite theme. We tneed a weather observatory at Mis soula, the esttal point of western leontaa. The poversment Is not treat PLATFORMS AND LAWS The average man in business regards his promise as something to be fulfilled. It is as binding an obligation as if it were a bond. Yet, so lax have we become in politics, this same man, were he to engage in a campaign, would not hold in high consideration the promises of his party plat form or the pledges which he made upon his own responsi bility. This is the fault of the people, themselves. They have sneered at platform promises and have come to consider a party, pledge as worthless. They have seen politicians come and go; they have noted the disregard of promise. So bad had conditions become in this respect, that more than one man refused, last fall, to become a candidate for the legis lature on this account. Often has it been said regretfully that this man or that "has got into politics." The regret was that he had con sented to mix in the mess.which politics had become. There is no necessity for filth in politics. It is the fault of the people that they have permitted so long the manipu lation of politics by men who have made it dirty-usually, for their own benefit. The year 1912 will be remembered as a year of awaken ing and nowhere was the awakening more thorough than in the attitude' of the people of this country toward politics. There was an expressed determination to clean up and this determination took form so definite that it could not be dis regarded. Its effect was marked. The wave swept from one end of the country to the other. How successful it was may be judged from the character of the party platforms which were put forth last year and by the attitude of many of the governors who have taken office this month. Many of the new governors-Montana's among them have emphasized in their messages the necessity for carry ing out the pledges of the parties which elected them; they have called attention to the public demand that a party pledge be regarded as being as sacred as a personal bond. This, as it strikes us, has been the principal theme of the governors this month in their official communications to their legislatures. Their statements have been positive and their recognition of public sentiment has been general. The people demand that platform pledges be kept. It will go hard with that legislature which fails to perform this duty. The performance which is required of the legislature of Montana, in common with all of the legislatures, is that it shall transform platforms into laws. This year, this task is easier of performance than ever before, because never before was there such positiveness in the party platforms. These documents did not deal, to the extent that had been usual, in mere generalities. They made positive declar ations. They defined sharply the purpose of the party which they represented. So the platform this year fur nishes the legislator a guide to the work which he must do; his party's pledge is his winter program. This, we say, makes the work of the legislature easy. Its members know just what is expected-of them; they know the sentiment of the people; they know how the work has to be done. The platforms contain a list of the measures which the people have demanded and which the parties have promised. In Montana the three platforms contained essentially the same promises. In at least one of the platforms these promises were made with no expectation that they would be kept. It was the avowed purpose of the republican plat form committee at Great Falls to make a platform which would be more radical than any other which had been framed before theirs was made. On this account, the republican platform was not taken seriously. But the progressive and the democratic platforms received the serious consideration of the voters of the state. A democratic governor has told the members of the legis lature that pledges must be kept. He has placed it squarely before the lawmakers; they cannot evade the responsibility if they would. The legislature is organized. The week was consumed in preliminaries. Now it is up to the members to take up the work of making platforms into laws. The state expects it and the state is watching. The state has learned that it can make its own laws if the legislature fails to keep promises. Ing us fairly. The official weather re ports are in a great ineasure responsi ble for the false impression which the country has regarding Montana cll mate. The only information which they receive is afforded by the reports from the observatories in Havre and Helena. These are the two Montana points where the weather is worst. It Is not fair to the rest of the state, particularly to the western section, to have the Havre figures stand as repre sentative of conditions elsewhere. De termined effort should be made to secure the location of a weather o.)serv atory at Missoula. The reports which would go out from this station would afford the east and west a correct idea of what good weather really is. Here is something for the chamber of com merce, to take up and push. The establishhment of a station at Missoula would 'be a benefit ,to the whole state. It would correct what is an entirely wrong impression as to the climate here. It Is something which would not be difficult of accomplishment, The conditions have been brought to the attention of the weather bureau, but the matter should be pressed to a con clusion. Not even the weather bureau knows much about western-Montana weather. For example, a forecast re ceived Friday night, said the temper ature here, yesterday morning, would be ten degrees below zero. It wasn't even zero. REGULATION-The week brought the announcement that the electrifica tion of the Milwaukee's transconti nental line had been made possible through an agreement between the Great Falls power comnpany and the interior department at Washington, by which ,the company accepts the depart anent's stipulations as to supervision In exchange for a right-of-way grant across government reservations. This is an important matter. It is of great importance industrially, as it marks what many expert observers believe to be the beginning of the substitution of electricity for coal in the motive. power of all the great transcontinental llnes. It is of imprtance, politlically, as it affords an opportunity for the demonstration of the effectiveness of government control and a seeming wil lingness of ai great combination to accept this control. We believe confi dently that the corporations will find there is nothing to their d!sadvantage in government regulation. The rail ways, which at first were bitter in their opposition to government control, now find that it has been and Is yet to their advantage. The theory of trust ,regulation does nont contomplate the destruction of the trusts. These great combinations of capital are necessary to accomplish the great enterprises which present-day conditions demand. But the people have the right to pro tect themselves. They have interests at stake. Not one of these vast enter prises is undertaken through philan thropic motives by the capital involved. The people's Interests and the inter ests of caipital can be brought into accord, through just control. BUSINESS GOVERNMENT-Really, this same issue is involved in the question of giving the country a busi ness government. Here in Missoula, we are making an earnest effort to accomplish the same thing in our city administration. We are finding that it is not difficult to accomplish. It is easy to solve ti. problem when it Il approached readniably and with a determination to conslder the questiox purely from the standpoint of business and efficiency. There is a limit below which retrenchment cannot safely go, But that limit may be reached withoul impainment of efficiency. It is to dis cover that limit and to devise ways of reaching it. that the citizens' commit tee of Missoula and the city council are studying. There are many little luxuries which we deny ourselves iiI our private business; in our public affairs we can dilpense with them, as well. The ptdlic has great interests, in the local and 1 the general govern ment., That tbh people should insist that these lnterests be protected is not that they are hostile to trusts and combinations. - oo long as the trusts and combination have regard for the rights of the people,, the people will In no way protest against any act of theirs. .But the people's rights are greater than any rights of any trust. The rights of each must be protected if the country, its states and its cities are to advance. In mutual recognition of rights and in mutual regard of motive is, we. believe, to be found the solution. The application of business principles to government is easy if there is determination back of it. THIS WEEK-It is expected that the present week will bring ,the report of .the citizen's committee which h.s been conductingan inquiry into the af fairs of the city in conference with the iniembers of the municipal government. The report has been delayed some what by the absence of State Auditor Keating from the city. Mr. Keating had charge of the city's books last year and the committee desired his presence before completing its report. Chairman Briggs of the committee has been going on with his investigation and the presence of Mr. Keating yes terday made it possible for him to get the information for which he had been waiting. There is perfect harmony be tween the city commissioners and the committee; each is working with the other and the city's people may be sure that the report of the committee will give an accurate presentation of the conditions which exist. There have 'been so many extreme statements in this regard that it will be interesting to get at the exact facts. The first week has served to make it known to the tenderfoot legislators that It makes no difference whether Whiteside (dem) or Edwards (rep) proposes a thing, it tomes from the same source. The promised warth weather will give us the first chance we have had to test the street elnd alley drainage afforded by the pavement. It will be interesting to watch. :Missoula's legislative delegation breaks even on the lineup. We had hoped it would show better than that, but it's better than to have had no progressives. It is a mistake to think that the state is safe with the legislature ad journed. The best way4is to keep the lawmakers herded all the time. This week Montana's legislature elects a United States senator. The absence of excitement shows how good the new system is. The Whiteside resolution was an other piece of the backfire work for which the. Flathead senator is so justly famous. The punishment of perjury in one or two instances will go far toward correcting the too-prevalent habit of falsehood. Some of the legislators who are catching on behind the Amalgamated bob sled at Helena, will get ditched. The legislator who comes home to spend Sunday, shows, at least, that he is not afraid to face the home folks. Also. a few dlays .more of the ses sion will show uts whether the gov ernor's message was on the square. If the. reactionaries want to econo mize, they can reduce the number of committee clerk appointments. The impeachment of a few judges will serve to increase our respect for the courts. There ,may not be a money trust, but somebody controls the supply pretty effectively. Butte keeps up with the procession, even if she has to have a big fire to do it. The week ahead will show us some thing mocre about the legislative line up. The Invisible Government is be coming visible. It's being smoSced out. The stenographer in the house is not an extravagance. He is a necessity. The coming of the evangelists to Missoula will, likewise, do some good. Meanwhile the January thaw is cor dially invited to make its appearance. The reactionary talk about economy is the first big joke of the session. There is great joy, also, in being able to catch on behind a bob sled. The progressives do not fear publi city. The reactionaries do. The fee man is almost as happy as the boy with new skates. Thd rubber dealers smile now, as the coal man did a week ago. The federal senate is on trial along with Judge Archbald. aninny at S '. , i:ut, Se~i 00 QQi0U New York Jana 11.-"Gather 'round ma hearties; shiver y-r timbers and blarst yer deadlights and listen to the yarn about the old hooker, Foxton Hall, just into New York from a 12, 060-mile voyage an' about yotang Wil lie Gee, which the same she brought in along of her. "There he is now, the grinnin' lit tle monkey! And where d'ye think W. got him? A hundred miles out in the Caribbean! And what was he a-doin' of out there? Why, a-floatin' along in a big cocoanut tree, an' say, what with no food for a couple o' days, but one green cocoanut an' a lot o' salt water washed into his skinny little black carcass. "But yer fat and sassy now, hain't yet, Willie, with .yer white grinders showin' an' yer dog at yer heels? "It was Coronel where we started from, 'Way down.on th' other side o' South America. When we got near the Wind'ard Passage Skipper Parker says; 'There's been .a bit of a blow about here, I sh'd say.' The blobmin' ocean was filled with bits o' wood and trees, an' here an' there cocoanuts an' bunches o' bananas. Th' First (that's Mr. Mike Donnelly) was a-lookin' through his glasses along about six bells in the afternoon watch, when all of a sudden he says: The Discovery of Willie. "'Strike me if here ain't a queer go! Here's a ripper of an old cocoa nut tree, an' there's something a-hangin' to it, else my eyes has gone wrong!' "An' the skipper he takes a look, too, an' he points the old hooker's nose over that way, an' we run along side the tree, an' blow me proper for a lubber if it ain't a nigger kid! "The First calls for a crew an' low. ers a boat and pulls over for the tree, and there's what he picks off. That bloomin' plckaninny! ':Well, sir, when they brings him aboard, he's skin an' bones, an' no more. But we perks 'him up with a bit o' brandy an' some hot' soup an' pretty soon he gets to talkin'. An' Lor'! How he can talk! "'He's Willie Gee, no less! 'Willie Gee, sir,' says he, talkin' proper an' polite like all these Jamaica niggers. An' he's ten years old, and he ain't never had no father or mother. that he can remember of, but he's learned by somebody to say the English al phabet, an' he goes through with it from A to X or whatever it is, an' after the last letter he says sir again. "Seems he's swimmin' when a snortin' big hurricane comes along, an' he's got nothin' on but a bloomin' Impeachment Trials II.--I-amous Cases of the Past. By Frederic J. Haskin The Archbald case is the, ninth im-, peachment trial in the history of the United States. There' have been three which did not affect the judiciary, two of them dealing with the executive branch of the government and the third with the legislative branch. The first case established the precedent that a senator or representative can not be impeached. Whether this also would apply to an official of congress, )jke the secretary of the senate, say, has never been determined. William Blount, a senator from.Ten nessee, was the first object of this form of judicial indignation. The gov ernment had been in existence only nine years when the house of repre sentatives passed the articles of im. peachment against him. He was charged with conspiring to set on foot within the United States, and to con. duct and carry on with the United States as a base of operations, a hos tile military expedition against the territory of Spain in Louisiana and Florida, with a view to conquering them for Great Britain, which was at war with Spain. He was further charged with stirring up the Creek and Cherokee Indians to revolt against Spain, with striving to handicap thel work of the United States Indian agent among the Creeks and Chero kees, and with attempting to corrupt the official interpreter representing the United States among them. Fur thermore, he was charged with im pairing the confidence of these tribes in the United States and making them discontented with reference to the boundary lines laid down by the gov ernment at Washington. Th© house impeached Blount, but before it could get its case into the senate that body investigated him up on its own motion, and voted to ex pel him. When the impeachment trial began the principal defense wag that Blount was not a civil 'officer of the United States. In spite of the fact that he was no longer a senator, and that impeachment could carry no fur ther penalty than already had been administered, the senate took up the question, and acquitted him, not upon the ground that the evidence of his impeachable behavior was wanting, but upon the ground that a senator or a representative is not an officer of the government within the meaning of the constitution. This probably produces one of the most anomolous situations in the en tire government service.. A senator or representative is a member of the law making body of the .United States. His salary is paid by the United States, he works for the United States, he helps to frame its laws, he often serves on commissions for the United States, and yet he is not a civil offi cer of the United States. He is an officer of the state he represents, pre sumably, and yet it is hardly prob able that the state could impeach him. Therefore, he is wholly with out the pale of impeachable officials. The second impeachment trial ig the senate, and the first successful one, was that of John Pickering, judge of the United States district court for the District of New Hampshire. The trial was held in 1803: Judge Picker ing was charged with disobeying the law in the course of proceedings t condemn a ship with its cargot for ~ violation of the customs lawp. Re delivered the ship to the elan. without bond, i4 the face of an itta3 :" -: - fa:..-.. . r. - .i~E ~i .~jpft WILLIE GEE AND THE STOWAWAY DOG. - S f °*A' r· little shirtle,' an' heo thinks he's for Davy Jones' locker till this big cocoa nut tree is tossed right along-side him, an' he ketches on for a ride. "An that's how we finds him, hang in' on like grim death, him and his little shirtie. He was thinkin', he says, that he'd drift to th' States, an' maybe get to Swampscott, which he knew some men from there that once built a hotel in Jamaica. y Here He Is,-All Right. "Well, when we gets him to Savan nah, Skipper Parker aims to put him ashore, but the immigration people an' the sheriff and some others wants the skipper to put up a two-hundred pound bond, an' thekipper says, no, he'll see him back under the palms again first, an' so on he comes here, and there he is, all right-o 'and ment by the United States marshal. He refused to hear testimony on be half of the United States and further refused to grant an appeal from his decision to the circuit court. In ad dition to this he was charged with being drunk while on the bench. The fourth and last article of impeach ment set forth that he "being a man of loose morals and intemperate habits" appeared on the bench in a state of total intoxication, and fre quently in a most profane and inde-. cent manner invoked the name of tha Supreme Being, to the, evil example of all good citizens. Pickering never answered the sum mons to appear before the bar of the senate. His son appeared and repre sented that his father was insane.I The senate heard the evidence in the case, and the jurist was removed from office. His was the only case but one in the history of American impeach ments where judgment practically was confessed by the impeached official. The next impeachment trial was' against Samuel Chase, an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, and it stands as the only time when a justice of that court has had the breath of suspicion so strongly against him. Chase nvas charged with prejudicing the cases of the defendants in the trials of Afohn Fries for treason and Thompson Cal' lender for sedition. He was charged with trying to invade tl~e sacred pre cincts of the grand jury room for the, purpose of inducing a Delaware fed. eral grand jury to return an indict. ment against a newspaper editor for violation of the sedition laws. He was also charged with delivering an intemperate, inflammatory, and sedi. tious .harangue to a jury from. the bench in Maryland. Party feeling was running high in the United States about that time, and by a strict party vote he was declared not guilty of the several offenses charged against him. It was generally agreed that Justice Chase had been indiscreet in many ways in his partisanship, but the ver. diet seemed to accord with the gen eral trend of public opinion. The Pickering and Chase impeachment trials occurred in succeeding years, the former in ISOI and the latter in 1804. It is the only time ir. the his, I tory of American f dral impeach. 1 ments that they have come so close together.. It was a quarter of a century before another official was haled before the senate sitting as a court of impeach. ment. This time it was a district judge, James H. Peck, who was charged with "high crimes and mis demeanors." In 1830 the house im. peached him for grossly abusing his power as a judge by casting an at torney into prison for 24 hours and suspending him from the bar of his court for 18 months for writing and publishing a moderate criticism of one of the judge's decisions, the case at, tssue being one in which the debarred attorney was interested. The suspen sion prevented his further participa. tion in the suit The senate heard the evidence and then declared that the judge was justified in assuming that he was clothed with the legal power he exercised, and also held that there was no evidence that Peck's sentnee. of Impri apntrqeadi suspent ~.o had been tie of malice. There was but a tjlphs article in ths snuggy, up against the Old Central Pier at Brooklyn. "Yes, sir, us sailormen nieets with strange an' curious happenin's, so to speak. Thanky for the cigar,. sir. It'll go better with this shag.". Yes, there Willie was,' fat, happy and contented, with everyone on the Foxton Hall making a pet of him, a jolly pup to nip at his heels,. $1.25 in small change and a lot" Of strange landlubbers with cameras to make him a hero. "I am doing very well, sirs," he said. 'I shall be taken home, sirs, soon." He left New York on the Foxton Hall Christmas morning. But he'll travel 20,000 miles before he reaches home, for the ship is going that far before she gets to the nearest port in Jamaica. charges of impeachment against J.udg Peck, and that merely recited'his sen tence of the attorney, Luke E. LaW.. less. More than' 30 years passed' before the. machinery of impeaclrrnent was again set in motiop, It. was in 1862 that the house voted'tb impeach Judge West H. Humphries, a distridt jutdge in Tennessee, upon' charges which had to do with his desertion of tjte fed, eral bench and assuming a similar, po sition on the confederate bench. He was charged with publicly declaring' for the right of secession 'and' inciting" revolt against the United States; with conspiring against the government; with refusing tb' hold court; and with, as a confederate judge, :cusitg .ar-: rests, imprisonments, and confisca tion. He did not defend himself por even enter" an- appearance. He was found guilty of all the charges except those of unlawful arrests and confis oations, of which he was acquitted. The next case is the most notable one in the history of American juris. prudence. It is the only time a presi dent ever has been impeached, al though an effort was made to im. peach John Tyler. The quarrel be tween congress and President' John son had degenerated into the bitterest contest American politics has ever seep. Congress had passed over' the veto of the president, the tenure of office act, a measure which took away from the president the right to control his own. cabinet. He regarded 'it as unconstitutional, as all legal authori ties rn"w concede that it was. He at' tempted to ignore the law, but in the case of thd secretaryship of war, held by Edwin M. Stanton, 'he claimed that his removal of that Official did not violate the tenure of office 'act. He was charged with violation of the ten ure-of-office act, with attempting to induce a general in the army to dis obey a law of congress, and with at tempting to bring that body into con tempt and reproach by intemperate and inflammatory speeches. The next impeachment was that of William W. Belknap, secretary of war under Grant, who was impeached for having accepted a part of the profits of an army post tradership from a trader whom he had appointed. A few hours before the house-voted to impeach him, Belknap resigned. The senate refused to stop its proceedings because of his resignation, hut after trial he was acquitted. Twenty-eight years passed before the next impeachment trial found its way into the senate. Then Judge Chas. Swayne was impeached on 21 articles. He was charged with having padded his exnense accounts., with' using, a railroad car for b!s owl use that was owned by a road in the 'hiade of a receiver appointed by him, :-r.tia g the expense to the railroad. 'TIe wa further charged with not, living irk his district, and with maliciously adjudg.. ing certain parties guilty of contempt of court, by imposing excelsive' fines and prison. sentences ipoet them. He was acquitted on every count, even a majority vote not. being secured on any one of them. Tomorrow-Impeachment Trials. IIl. Their Conntitutional Origin., PAYMASTER ROBB., - New York, Jan. j1.-Tal a 4Ritu as sauilt yesterday, Neat Neu4.ruomi a contractor's payniastai' Ywur ras tw down with a sawed-drt bfiard'' cue on a street corner in the fashioca ile Pprk avenue keotion *no,' _ . W590 inc bills. - R e .y o the paymlaster .·p ,and oa$ <n a hoapt -. where ..t> a ' plo ua coap4IyF 4