The Daily Missoulian. [volume], December 06, 1914, Morning, Editorial Section, Image 11

About The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961

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Shorta' , Decrpto of th
Mopt Ispin et
plsvsin the European
w ^Rv.'
(Copyright, 1914, by the International
S yndRicate.)
The implements of warfare have in
their evolution kept pate with " the
progress of the human race. When
considered from a humtuitaklan point
of view this stitetthe t 'is naitoxical,
for the advanee of 'i gle arts
and Minle is i nesas .lftter and
broader eo0 1 n of the relation of
peoples to roe h' other and a rec
ognition , i obilgations here
tofore .nsi Wirthe advance in
the 'rt of Ibringg with it more
terrible and destrucaive instruments,
working quidcer. and greater havoc to
life and property; thus the .growth of
one seems to increase, respect for man's
right to' the pursuit of life and lib
erty, whie ihe otlier is cotnstantly de
visitg epore "dr ti. agencies for- their
obliteration.
Typs' of Optns.
The types' of gulsk to be found with
the army of today are mgqhige gnsg,
bore. artillery guns, ield 1. artillery
Nuns, fielid artillery howitsers, heavy
siege gunsi mountain guns and aero
plane guasi'
The 'nlahine gufis are aptomaticaof
rifle caliber, delivering a rapid; heavy
fire and agre atti4ted to cavalry. and
ipfantry regiments. They come into
their greatest utse in the final stages
of the fight or in surprises.
The 'Belgian R*4t0Isntse.
The. gape 147 t( :Blgigans and
known as 't% $'tana jttleiuake"
is of the mctiihs guii clabs. It re
ceives its flnto roin the fact that
while it is in Action it has a spiteful
Whirr not untlike the sound of a rattle
snake just before it strikes its vctim.
Five hundred shells per minute are
sent out b'; the "rattlesnake," which
weighs less than- 30 pounds. It is
cooled autoi$atically by a device which
sends a blast-of air, through the barrel
end has the merit of never jamming
in the feed mechanism. As it can be
operated successfully at any angle, it
has been, worked from the shoulder
of a strong man, being used in this
manner several , times during the
storming of .iegc and is said to have
haused terrible slaughter among- the
German invaders. In many instances
the "rattesinialte" was drawn to the
pcen of action by dogs,.as these ani
mals travel Well over rough ground
and do not Make as good a target for
the enemy as horses T'he "gun" is the
invention of a retired American army
officer who isesaid to-have offered it
to the United States government be
fore it was sold.0o. Belgium. Given a
close range and ,target of soipe depth
such as the miiassed formation of the
}Germans before Liege and Namur, the
i$elglasn "rattlesnake" was a most of
tfective weapqig.
Horse artilery guns are used to
control h e; artiltlry while the in
fantry is adva iclag, to.prelsare posi
tions for an8satjt, batter down the
enemy's resiatane `and ;destroy his re.
serves.
The field *ltillqry howitzers are
abort, light pleeea of artillery throw
ing a comnpeirtively heavy shell. They
are the deteotives of warfare, for it
is the duty pt the field ho itzers to
search the itj et of the hills and
deal with the redouJbts, trenches,
shielded .fel suns,"houses in villages,
and support 'the i1'my when the as
sault is .4-1
Heavy 93t*lteeg are only sent
forward& 4i i id , d* ;aot ac
company the, a '&y are for the
destruotica et '4 ii aettosu, and their
effect wls t ' imta -fliked4tar
get, such "a C-: ltl parts of at
appalling. It' requires some little tise
to focus (by but when this has
been actomPlidhed it is tine for those
Ininde th@e fpt tO move, fo' the re
sult: of th th fire is terrific.
* The -eayy `artillery are the mehf
pew rtUll of th1e-movabl -gsuks aceom.;
anyhin a., a my = and s"e used in
simahing? d4fQe ed buildings and d-'
stroying 1 4 _ ..emy' shielded felf,
gene.ari $tq estruction of re
re. :° 1: e'e :st o tn get into action.
Ps light enodghh to
be aijtuck 1 of horses or
rnuyes. yiet eajliale of firing quite
a J,atigeý she~l. ; -"
"ug1erties."
The sege gsvs, itch as the German
- ~ i4 batered towa
the' perhapet the
2* - 1.-aap therm t
of American inveption, aitho'ugj t the
ae'e manufactured at the 1rup ' weori
t e t ase d are named In honor Of
uadam a Krupp von Bohlen, who be=
'Are her marriage was hiss Bertha
Ifultp,, the, piqit daughter of the~gull
s aker , f tie Gesnman epipre A #d t
pesen't owner of the great fnc0toi
which arc 'low working day and
il order to supply Germany with tI '
death-dealing machines,
"Channel Berthas."
Now comes the story that theKru,
f.ctoriee are building a gounwhish wit
weigh 24-tons and, fire a projectile i,
di4tance of 21 nmilea Should the br
matns reach C ala ,this gun is expected
to be effective against England hi.
cross-channel fire. Every time thie
glp is ".fired it will cost the (rrman
government nearly $10,000, andV4, tdi
gun can fire only 120 shots durng i
lifetime, these giant figlhtirng machi es
will cost the German government a,
tremendous sum of money, each of
them costing in the neighborhqoad of
half a million dollars It is said they
have already been tested, being" fired
by. electricity from a bombproof 306
feet from 'the gun. They are to be
kgown as -the "Channel Berthas.!'
,.. .stegeqgont.Is a. clumsy 4ta.ir..
aod it"-re qples good roads for their
tranpportation, and the Germans Rre
not moving any more of them. than
they require, knowing full well that in
case of retreat these cumbersome ma
chines would likely stick in the muddy.
roads. Then, too, it requites an expert
to fire them, and an experienced engl
neer from the Krupp factory has to
be sent along to see that the gun does
not balle. They `tre the most effective,
properly installed, on well laid foun
dations, and the building of these re
quires some little itme.
The armored automobile containing
an aeroplane gun is a product of the
l* upp factory-one of its latest, This
great steel car can rush along the road
at from 50'4o 75 miles an hour, the in
mates being entirely protected by the.
coat of steel even while the gu*rAg.
'being fired. The gun can be remove4;
If necessary and set up anywherr.
The explosives used are, of course,
equal to the guns, and when one reads
of the .awtVl.,,laughter these nrojeq
tiles have eausna it seems thlt the
very fiends must have inspired the ip.
ventors of these terrible things which
hurl men into eternity without i inow
rient's warning
The famous turpinite explposiv
which is being used by the Allies :hu
perhaps the;. most hmierane of A t8
explosives uqed; as ttvim)s instantfr
and without.p Vi. it i the goo Irdna
the projectile hi lch doe "the work.
Shrapnel'" ha ben'K. 11w
Sh' a ::h~ý4i? 1. be71 tl greatest.
"man k'ler of th", araltiIough it
is absolutely worthleae against ~forts.
rations. It is kheu exception .of
~the turplnite,, wl~ch Is stll in, an. ex
ýe ~t~1 stile', the, most c1deadI~
shellI .known, and" 4s: .he h ventlon .o
4*f di~ish arm'y biffioej., who tat~
uc It ,,about- 1842~--t; ~pnisit4 .o~
.5~ t illed with= bullete y(saJ tw
open .,ad, releaie the" bullet* at A"Of
tape obaiect alns~e4 at. After- thn <..
plosloan h1e bilets aid.` feat~
on 1ti a hoer. kifling o,*:a4'4
ig~lie~tajs or
.1a ý0 be-,~v ` a t tl
tho ~ ~ ~ n n~gt Ot th #
by.t .'ooj o pth iie destrc've
thiler~ tr os .thy as*~
~khe Germans anid allies are I
[ hleiu eafp,*ts to hide their ie
j~~the batt~les, .evei~ covering
tlflettlo ns t ,ttrees. .In Ae4&
o itt .~ .ih *hc were Inai Mxe
rl- ý. Z
YI) ^t
_ }1y work with their rifles before
'iq .were discovered. A few shots
: the artillery would have cleaned
Sthe regiment. The effect of the
Mltry upon buildings is best shown
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V .014Q .FAWCETT.
£ 93r ~ Mb ihistory Uncle
it . Iev3 ing a "war tax" when he
1# . yt ,~ar. People who ride in
drilpi beer or wine, aide
. ca",,or enajy any number
Swhich. most of us are
WQptl t wgar4 as luxuries must dig
;;pockets and make an
4~Iytk *utiopt to the coffers of the:
To- be sure it is, for the
nst4 ealy a few cents here and
fth~r pi 41evr was. there a better
of the fact that pennies
, iirs, because cengress fully
bge ` i realise by means of this
kcy tax the tidy sum of more
? :00,000.
_Tax Came to Be Levied.
Y and wherefore of the
tax which congress has au
tfls autumn is found in three
ely, "War in ELrope." The
the government of tht
Iý } t
:ý s a
3 ." YET r..w - y
MOM $ ml
in the ulany, photogrnpns which have
become f tlliar to us through the
Ikewspapers.,
The rifles carried by the infantry
have a ranige of a mile afid a quarter
United States are borate, as our read
ers are well aware, it, t rt by a sys
tem of what are knot c as' internal
revenue taxes but ils% i great .meas
ure, by duties upon pods impQrted
into the United States from other
countries. Consequent', when the war
Suddenly put a stop to business trans
actions with. some ofthose. Europetin
nations from which Weo havo always
bought most heavily,. arid. oadjy crip
pled our commerce with other Euro
pean nations, it naturally fell out that
there was a sudden slump in the re
celpts from tariff duties at our cus
tthm houses.
The men wno hold the reins in con
gress figured out tat-tWie war li
E1jtope, !o long as it c gtties, is go
g in to cost Uncle eanra, least *IMO,
#MVOe0 a year loss in a Ct4hia revenue,
vapu' that some meantipuat hle found
to fll this gap if UUitp Sam's bank
balance was not to s 4r. An enier
on the average, with a velocity of from
2,500 feet to 2,900 feet per second. The
German bullet is said to have a great
er. velocity than that used by. the
French, due to the fact that it is light
gency tax of some sort was the rem
edy that commended itself to them.
They debated with themselves
whether the needed monet might not
be raised by increaslpg ;the present
tax upon incomes and hvy -P*4ing a
tax upon smaller incois than are
now liable, but there w0g b~potion to
this plan in that it Wid have re
quired a year or More. btore any
money could have b egg tens in on
this arrangement. Unad S9W= needs
quick cash, and so an inIOtI4ai revenue
tax was resorted to,
Tax Gathering Machineryy iv Readi
ness.
It was enough to coutpeitA it that
a special Internal revenue tax would
call out hard cash from, th1, Word go,
but on top of this was the diengdera
tion that the government alteady had,
in the internal revenue bureau of the
treasury department all the nachdinery
-time-tried and smooth flitning
necessary for the collectjQn of the
new assessment. It aplaired to be
merely a question of prov.th a few
extra men and preparing $&d printing
an extraordinary sipply of revenue
stamps and, behold, we have 'the
means nt hand for ctcledtirng that
needed $100,000,000.
One of the oldest brgnollea of the
government, the internal r1%enie bu
'a&u,, only gets promfi~ince an the
newspapers when it . r der es the
collection of some special tax, sUqh a*
the income tax or this = * t war
1t r , `tcJ ,' C V#ý41ý~rA~3k^rt` " aRý': ,,, ý.: ,ZW 2 F ,
!IF-=*****s Jww
er in weight and propelled from the
rifle by a heavier charge of explosive.
Smolel*as Powder.
Gunpowger, the old-fashioned ex
plosive, plays little part in the war
today. As far back' as 1845 it had a
formidable rival in the shape of gun
cotton or nitro-cellulose, a substance
which soon came into general use.
This was evolved into smokeless pow
der, which is used today. Almost every
country has contributed something:
toward the makeeup of the explosive.
When the old-faphioned tun-powder
was exploded it produced a number of
solid products which were seen as
smoke, but gun-cotton affords only
colorless gases which are invisible.
Cellulose is the ?rganic matter which
forms the basis of all vegetable prod
ucts and of all substances made from
them (wood. cotton, sulk, paper, etc.).
To convert them into explosives they
are treatedt with a mixture of nitric
and sulphuric acids technically known
as "nitro-acid." The process Is situ
ple when carried out by the exact for
mula, but unless this precaution is
taken it becomes more of a menace
to the maker than to the enemy, as
in the case of the destruction of the
French battleship "La Liberte" which
occurred in 1911 as the result of a
spontaneous explosion of some nitro
cellulose.
One of the new explosives for war
tax or when some of the revenue
agents engage in a sensational battle
with "moonshiners" In the mountains.
.But the bureau has been collecting
from the American public more than
one-third of a billion dollars s year,
and that the business has been ever
expanding may be surmised from the
fact that last year the collections beat
the best previous annual record by
nearly $22,000,000.
It Is no exaggeration to say that the
internal revenue bureau has been for
a year or so past one of the busiest
government institutions. The institu
tion has, indeed, scarcely adjusted It
self fully to the added responsibility
of collecting the new incomie tax when
along comes this war tax to compli
cate matters. The income tax for the
year 1915 is expected to yield $100,
000,000, and the war tax is looked to
give an equal amount, so that between
I them these new streams of wealth
will give two-thirds as much as was
obtained last year from all ordinary
internal revenue services. An elastic
institution, we must admit, that can
suddenly expand its volume of busi
ness 68,2-3 per cent, without moving
into larger quarters or doubling up
the official force.
1Tax Collectore Really Work on Corn
mission.
The 88 collectors of internal revenue
scattered through the country reeeive
fixed salaries' Just as. _do. almQAt'U.
other employes of the government, but
purposes . Is trenitrotoloul, familiatly
known as TNT. One of its advantages
is that it does not absorb molsture and
is effective both under and abJve
water. At the present time guhaCot
ton, lyddite and TNT are all used in
filling shells known in the military
world as "bursters." The exploalons
of the -bursterW" are due to the Bud
den liberation of an enormous quan
tity of gas which being intensely heat
ed expands with terrific force. The
material of the explosive undergoes a
very rapid combustion and at the
same time owing to the disturbance
Produced in the air an air wave is
propagated which frequently travels
and effects the destruction at a oon
siderahie distance. Another merit of
the newer explosivo is that it goes off
quicker than gunpowder but the ex
plosion is less violent.
Special Bullets for Airships.
The very, latest. explosive is known
as the Incendiary bullet and it foruste
against Zet4pelins. ft Is fired from an
ordinary rifle. WYhen it strikes the
airship its explosion sets the sa. on
fire.
Providing abnniunition for all these
engines of death is no easy task, and
the autmunition factories as well as
those which manufacture guns gre
running night and day to provide
their countrymen with the agencies
for the viotution of God's law-"Thou
shalut not kill."
in reality they work on the commis
sion basis, because their salaries are
made propbrtionate to the amount they
collect or are expected to collect.
Of course the actual collection of
internal revenue taxes is actively in
the hands of deputy collectors, ._pe'
are regularly on duty in the vartoug
internal revenue districts into which
the United states is divided s, total of
more than 1,200 deputies, and it 1s
this force which we may expect to see
largely increased in order to collect
the war tax. Presumably it will not
be necessary to increase the field force
of revenue agents i8 connection with
the new tax because it iet not expected
that any person Will attempt to dodge
the, tax in, the *WS that the "moon
shiners' and "bootleggers" attempt to
evade the regular revenue laws.
Fighting One's Own Tax Sills.
Not only it is not the expectition of
the government officials that many
firms or individuala will seek to get
out of paying the special war tax but
your. canny Uncle Sam has hit upo
the scheme of saving himself tbn4
clerical labor and expense by maritag
th1e taxpayers figure up their Otq alt
bills. In other words, he puts upe4
the shoulders of the men whQ pe, the
war tax the responsibility 'fqg4 9eP
ing ,atcount of how 4allSuh. 8
.must pay and n itkt with t Viel
remittance a at b4
(contiatued )o Ei Jrt