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STEADY GROWTH OF TRADE Each Succeeding Month of the Past Year Has Witnessed Improved Conditions. Skirts of "Escape Length." Skirls nre without exception the "escape length." The fact that Amer lean women are more given to run ning about on foot thnn French wo men explains why they do not follow the latter In the matter of trained dresses, which can only be carried about safely In carriages. This, of course, applies only to tho tailor dresses. The evening gowns are trained, though an occasional dance dress Is short. Skirts are usually made with from nine to thirteen gores, though once In a while there are some 6lxteen or seventeen. This, however, Is extreme. As to the pattern, the flare and circular flounces are most prominent. There is a suggestion of empire effect In the so-called princess skirt. It Is fitted over the hips and around the waist, extending a few Inches above the waist line. Tho Jack et worn with this is very short, be ing something between an Eton and a coffee Jacket. Large Muffs Fashionable. Muffs this year are of all shapes and flzes, but the most fashionable muff Is very large nnd full. With chinchilla, especially, lace Is so handsome that It Is used this season to a great extent. Cream lace ruffles, either at the wrist openings or falling down from the end of the mufT, are exquisite In coloring, with either chinchilla or sable. Need less to state, only tho richest furs should be made up with lace and only the handsomest lace should be em ployed. Artificial flowers, violets and gardenias trim the muff to be carried with an elaborate reception costume, and a few clusters of the same flower may be half hidden in tho fur neck piece. With a walking suit the muff la comparatively small ami no matter of what fur It must not be trimmed cith er with lace or flowers. White tea coat of chiffon embrold rid In silver over white luce skirt. Expensive Evening Wrap. An empire coat of oyster-white broadcloth, strappings of the cloth and leaf-green velvet, with front facings of gray satin and silver-green silk ap plique, Is nn expensive mode for an evening wrap, and Is ono of the new est adaptations of the popular modes for coats. In tho tailored effects es- peclally the empire coat Is meeting with general approval by tho women of fashion. Heavy corded silk, with strappings of self-toned cloth, or vel vet with straps of silk or cloth would be effective combinations. Slzo 36 re quires six nnd one-quarter yards of torty-six-lnch or five and one-half yards of flftyfour-lnch material, with one-half yard of velvet. Touches of Gold and Silver. A '.inch of gold or silver Is almost Inevitable upon the modish frock, pref erence being given to silver when that is possible: and a hem or band of cloth of gold or silver set under the bottom of skirts of lace, net, etc., Is a device much employed for saving the edge of the sheer stuff. This Idea, however, belongs chiefly to the prov ince of evening toilets, velvet being ordinarily used for the hem or band upon sheer frocks Intended for day wear. For Evening Frocks. White tulle is a charming nnd mod ish material for the youthful evening lrock, and much used, though of course sadly perishable. It lends It self readily, as do most of the airy, diaphanous materials, to the flower garland, ribbon and laco trimmings, and these floral garnitures are partic ularly dainty and lovely this season. Ono may find, too, inousseline or chiffon In plain tints or In white, with a border of tiny (lower festoon or gar land printed In delicate coloring", and these bordered stuft.s are successfully used in combination with plain mate rial to match and with tine Inset lace nnd self trimming for accompaniment. New York Sun. Velvet Jackets. Sharing popularity with loose effects are the teparnte Jackets of velvet to be wora over broadcloth sklrtji, which r built on severely tailored lines. For a girl with a trim flgur the ver smartest of the Jackets Is -ut like a broker's business coat; thai Is, tight fit ting frcn shoulder almost to knee joint In back and a gradual sloping away of the coat below the waistline In front. An example of thla Is In royal blue. Embroidered In narrow silver braid, a vest of pale blue cloth extends above and below the coat, which comes together at the waist line, and Is trimmed on either edge with large silvery buttons, four to each side. The sleeve Is leg-o'-mut-ton. and a fold of velvet outlines a touave effect Just below the bustllne. ToytfiKXisomTS The pure white of china may be pre served If wnshing blue bo added occa sionally to the water used for washing It, Figs that have become rather dry may be freshened by putting on a plate and keeping in a steamer until moist and plump. Never put away food In tin plates. Fully one-half the cases of poison from the use of canned goods is because the article was left In the can or put Into It after using. Stewed prunes, pitted, spiced to taste with vinegar, cinnamon and cloves, sweetened and cooked to the right consistency, make a delicious bplced sauce to serve with chicken, turkey or veal. Winter Wash Gowns. Numbers of women have discarded wool dresses for house, wear altogeth er. Most houses are so well heated that a summer gown La found more comfortable. First the heavy waist was laid aside In favor of a cotton blouse. Now the cotton skirt follows and the gingham ami linen shirt-waist suits tho aver ago woman wears about her household duties In winter are exactly like her summer dresses are her summer dresses, In fact, which would be a lit tle out of date next summer and may be worn out In this manner with no economical pangs. It Is not only as cheap to have five gingham gowns as one wool one, but an additional advantago Is that the former may be always clean, whereas the wool frock worn about sweeping, dusting, etc., catches dirt and carries It around all winter. So the new custom Is cleanly, eco nomical and comfortable; and the chango from Indoors to outdoors can be much more adequately provided for. 8hlrred Velveteen, A few short seasons ago the sug gestion that velveteen be shirred In any way would have been greeted with scorn and derision, but the chiffon velveteens of to-day lend themselves beautifully to this effective mode of handling. A charming design Is that wherein the grace of the costume lies in the way the material Is handled The corsage maintains some sem blance of blouse lines, the necessary definition of the wastellne being clev erly accomplished In a strapped celn ture. The sleeve Is puffed at the top and all down the arm are rows upon rows of shirring clear to the wrist. The skirt has a narrow petticoat panel In the front niidenSej One of tho new prlncesse gowns Is of brown net, with a deep chiffon vel vet flounce. The net is embroidered In odd conventional designs of chenille. Gold lace robs It of too somber a hue. Fur trimmings are admirable for street dresses and evening cloaks. They will be seen on many of the jin n nnnnnririw-i-i-wyi Redlngote costume trf allied cloth with velvet accessories. raW handsomest garments of the winter. Out It Is exceedingly bad form to wear fur on an Indoor dress. A lovely rich but simple dress Is of solid white Renaissance lace, having email pieces of taffeta set In, delicately embroidered all In pure white. It la pleasing In the extreme in Its simplic ity and richness. The extremely long veils for automo bile use are in white and pale blue. Shorter ones, to be worn on the street, are white, pink and blue dotted with black, tan with brown, navy blue with navy blue, and brown with brown. The noted new color is "mouse gray," "a tint that looks Ilk a trail of smoke in the air." Pretty Russian Suit Never was there a style more be coming or practical for the little ones than the Russian suits. As they can be worn with petticoats or bloomers, the same design will serve for the manikin as well as the little maldea Many a sensible mother whose aim Is the proper development of her chil dren Ignores Mrs. Grundy and dresses tho little daughter in one of these frocks with bloomers and gives her the same freedom to struggle with the elements as her brothers. The least experienced can, with the aid of an ac curate pattern, fashion this little gar ment without any trouble, the plaits, are applied, and there Is little more to do than to close the seams. Made in brown serge, with shield, collar, cuffs, belt and the little touches of trim ming In stitched white serge, this dress will be serviceable and pretty. The same Idea worked out In cheviot of blue and red would also be very satisfactory. Jersey Petticoats. A petticoat experiment Is the article having a closely fitting hip yoke of jersey silk. The object of this Is to prevent the formation of any bulkl ness over the hips, where, notwlth standing the vogue of full skirts, the shlrrlngs and gatherings of fashion, most women still strive for the effect of slenderness and suavity. These yokes add considerably to the price of a silk skirt, an incerase of about three dollars, but one will outlive sev eral skirts and can be fitted success ively into one new petticoat after an other. The yokes, up to the present, come In black, brown, navy blue and white. They can be had In the made- up skirts. Made to Order. On dressy suits French buttons, with the tone of the cloth in theli center, are beautiful, and in the best of favor. . Mauve cloth with trimmings mauve velvet applique and mauve anl liver braid. Phenomenal activity, reaching to every branch of trade and industry, marked the year 1905. During the summer of 1904 the na tion began to recover from a prolong ed season of business stagnation. As the months of that year progressed, conditions became more and more fa vorable. Both In speculation and in the lines of actual industry the spirit of revival was extant, and the end of the year witnessed conditions that were gratifying to business Interests In the extreme. With the dawn of 1905 this state of affairs continued, and throughout the twelve months growth In all lines of commercial enterprise was main tained. There was not a month In which the financial position of the nation was not strengthened. The business t the country gained momentum as e year progressed, until in the final weeks the most remarkable state of activity ever displayed In the history of the United States was witnessed. Remarkable In many respects, the distinctive feature of 1905 In Its finan cial and commercial aspect was Its evenness. No machinery ran more a ally, more smoothly than the mate rial currents. It was a steady ad vance In production and consumption; constant increasing demand for banking accommodations; an accumu lation of deposits, the Immediate In dex of expanding wealth. The latter half of the period developed a demand for supplies which taxed the capacity of factories, mills and mines to supply. This wns the stimulation of an un precedented crop of grains upon a market expanded to normal propor tions. The earlier activity was the continuation of the previous year, when business revived from a year of stagnation and inactivity, from a year of liquidation and pessimism. The movement gathered force during the winter, and with the open weather the building operations of the people be came general, calling every Idle hand Into use. The indices of material af fairs pointed to a strong pressure everywhere, reflect the bounty of Dame Fortune In the ranks of the capitalist and the laborer. 8TRENGTH IN MONEY CENTERS. Greatest Fear of All on the 8tock Exchanges. Considered from almost any and every point of view, but gauged par ticularly by New York stock exchange andards, 1905 has been the great est year of all. Whereas 1903 brought the stock market deluge for the sins of excessive trust promotion, commer cial over-expansion and speculative debauches of Immediately previous years, and 1904 brought the moderate afterclap of the upheaval of the ex changes In moderate commercial re pression, the year now closed has been tuned to one dominant note op timistic progress. The signs are many, but a few stand out so strongly as proof of develop ment that to cite them is conclusive, Briefly, these may be summarized as follows: Never has the farm wealth of the country equaled that of 1905. Commercial failure liabilities, In spite of exceptional banking disturb ances of sporadic character, have been less actually and relatively than In any period since the panic days of 1SD3. with the exception of 1899. Total deposits of the national banks of the country are greatest In history, and aggregate loans of the banks like wise at the highest level Indicate that money ts being closely employed. Using pig iron production as one of the tests of general Industry, an esti mated Increase of about 37 Vi per cent In both production and consumption Indicates unparalleled activity. Railway earnings of the roads of tho country roughly exceed all pre vious records by 7Mi Pr cent. Both Imports and exports of mer chandise in the foreign trade of the country once more have attained new high records. Prices of leading securities, both railway and industrial, used to ascer tain the mean level of stock market values, during the last month of the year have eclipsed all previous high marks. Speculation of the country, as meas ured by the sales of stocks on the New York stock exchange, has sur passed even the enormous totals of 1901, when trust financing was at its height. Flnnlly, seats on the New York stock exchange have sold at the phe nomenally high price of $95,000, sug gestlng what the Wall street forecast ers think speculation "barometer of trade" will Indicate from prosperity signals in 1906. When the year opened, progress, de layed enough for a season in the year previous to show temporarily de creased railway traffic, steel and iron depression, dormant speculation and glutted money markets, had been re sumed. The success of the crops of 1904, and the very plentlfulness of money supplies the world over were the basis on which thU resumption started. Given good harvests progress al ways Is more or less certain, but the factor of cheap money Just a year ago and the knowledge that In 1903 llqul datlon had cleaned out most of the weakest spots In business brought up one pertinent argument before mer chant, manufacturer, banker and spec ulator. That was that, with ever-ln creasing money wealth to create new and abundant credit on which to build new enterprises, there was no reason why all doubts of the future should not be cast aside. During 1904 demand loans of stock market collateral in New York usually the best test of money sur plus or scarcity In the country went as low as one-half of 1 per cent, and even in the usually tight month of December did not get above 6 per cent. Time loans In the same market had been placed as low as 1 per cent and not above 6 per cent. And all the time the Increased gold produc tion In the Transvaal, Australia, Alas ka and the United States proper add ed abundantly to the stores of money wealth of the world. In November of 1904 much stress had been laid on the fact that the to tal deposits of the national banks of the country had reached the pinnacle of $5,330,639,949. Each recurring re port of the comptroller of the cur rency, however, showed this record surpassed, until that one published last month showed total national bank deposits at $5,564,845,194. Of the total deposits at the close of 1904 New York held $1,224,206,600, or a little less than one-fifth, and of the total loans of the country New York had accommodations to the extent of $1,145,989,200, or more than one-third. RAILROADS HAVE MADE MONEY. Earnings of Lines Go Over Two Bil lion Dollars. For the first time the steam rail roads of the United States have earn ed more than $2,000,000,000 In one year, the high water mark being reached In 1905. Not only were the gross earnings heavier than in any previous year, but the net earnings were also larger, despite the fact that more money was spent for physical Improvements, locomotives, freight and passenger cars than in any for mer year. The number of freight cars built In 1906 was 165,455, an Increase of 3,000 over any former year, while the num ber of passenger cars built was 2,551, an Increase of over 400. There were 6.491 locomotives built in 1905, an in crease of 2,000 over the previous year and of 450 over 1903, the next largest year. There were 4,979 miles of new rail road built last year, 700 miles more than in 1904. the total mileage of the end of 1905 being 217,328 miles. The greatest activity In railway construc tion was In the Southwestern and Northwestern states, in these two sec tions more than half the year a mile age being built. The coming year will see a great amount of new road built In the Northwest, as the St. Paul, Burlington, and Gould lines are trying to rush extensions to the Pa cific' coast, and the Northwestern is also developing Its system. FARM URICES 8LIGHTLY LOWER. Inevitable When the Enormous Crops Are Considered. With enormous crops of grain over the West It Is natural that farm prices should average lower, but declines as compared with the high average of 1904 were small as compared with years prior to 1904, with the exception of corn, oats, and barley, which nre lower. Farm prices Dec. 1 for the past six years as reported by the De partment of Agriculture compare as follows: IfldS. 1904. 1903. 1005. 1901. itioo. Wheat, per bu. 7H.2 f2.4 69.3 63.0 62.4 61 Corn, per bu. .. 41.2 null, per bu. .. 2 1 44 1 42.fi 40.3 60.5 .11. 3 34.1 30.7 39.9 68.8 54 5 50 a 65.7 42.0 45.6 45.8 462 35.7 25.8 61.2 40.8 Kye, per bu. .. h.t Harley, per bu. 40.3 Flax seed, per bu 95.0 Buckwheat, per bu 58.7 62.2 60.7 60.5 66.3 W.7 Potatoes. per bu 81.7 45 3 61.4 47.1 7K.7 43.1 Hay, per ton ..$8.52 18.72 $9.08 $9.04 10.01 I8.S9 ENORMOUS SUMS GIVEN AWAY. More Than $65,000,000 Distributed by Generous Philanthropists. The contributions to charitable and educational institutions during the year Just past have exceeded those of 1904 by a large sum. The total amount of gift 8 reach the immense figure of $65,104,432, or $137 a minute. The. records upon which these fig ures are based are necessarily Incom plete, as the amounts published from day to day in the papers are taken to compile the estimate, and $5,000 has been the minimum considered. It is probable that the multiplicity of small donations would raise the total by $10,000,000 at least. Individual givers, too, are here accounted for only, which fact prevents the list from en rolling the big contributions to the R isstan Jews. More than one-third of the contrlbu ttons has gone to educational Institu tions. Eighty-two colleges and schools are named In that part of the annual report, though, even so, the gifts to this cause would not have stood In such overwhelming proportion to the benefactions of the whole twelve month had not the three largest dona tlons of all fallen under this head. In April Mr. Carnegie set by $10,000,000 as a fund for aged educators, followed a month later by Mr. Rockefeller, with another $10,000,000 for the cause of general education, while the tragic death of Mrs. Leland Stanford threw Into this same scale $4,875,000 more, The dozen most "lucky" universities rrnk then as follow: I.eland Stanford H.7Voo Harvard 1,600.000 Yale 1.40i,ooo Chleagc- 1.1S0.000 I'nion Theological eemlnary , 1,100,000 Mccormick seminary 1,000,000 Mllllkln anWaraltv 1 ono oral Columbia m'.OOO UnlvcrsUr of Virginia 610,000 urown 650.000 Princeton 437,000 I'nlrerilty of California 400.000 Following education the benefac tions of 1905 rank as follows: To gal leries, museums and societies of kin dred alms went 87.024.000: to 'homes," hospitals and asylums. $5. 391,600. with $4,700,175 to mlscellaae ous charities. Church works of vari ous sorts followed close with $4,424, 757, and $1,993,000 for library build' ings. Add to these totals $2,435,000 which came in gifts other than of cash, though valued "officially," and this country Is found to have received In all $84,089,432 $2,015,000 was sent to do its work In foreignfields. The "roll of honor," where one may rank the givers of mlllfpiu, reads: Andrew Carnegie II4,099,0" John D. Rockefeller .1 11,636.000 Mr. Jan L. Stanford 4.9X5,000 Stephen Baliiburr a &o nm John C. King 2.000,000 General Iaaac J. Wlatar 2,000,000 ire. a. i. Rand ,. 1,250.000 Henry Phlppa v 1,050,000 Margaret A. Jnnes "J.OJS.OOO Mr. Emmoni Blaine l.iu.000 Oeorge W. Clayton 1,006,000 Benjamin Ferauaon l.Ooo.CSv Cyrui McCnrmlck ., J "met Mllllkln 1.000,000 1.000.00 w. r. Milton 1,000,000 M08T NOTABLE BOXING EVENTS. Two New Champions Have Fought Their Way to the Top. Perhaps the three most notable box ing events of the paBt year were the retirement of James J. Jeffries, tho succession of Battling Nelson to the lightweight title of the world through his victory over James Edward Brltt, and the final defeat of Robert Fits slmmons by "Philadelphia Jack" O'Brien. Each of these events added to the Interest In the sport, as they brought new names and new faces be fore the public. In a general way the bouts of the year were remarkably free from scandal, and there was no taint attached to any of the bigger ones or even to one which commanded a large sectional interest. DEATH LIST IS A LONG ONE. Many Prominent Men In All Lines Called During 1905. Among the persons of world wide reputation, leaders in their various departments of the world's activities, who died during the year 1905 are: Jan. 4, Theodore Thomas, the pioneer of orchestral music and lifelong advo cate of the higher music In America; Jan. 9, Louise Michel, the French so cialistic agitator; Jan. 16, Robert Lo- ralne Gtfford, one of the best of the old school American landscape paint ers; Jan. 18, George H. Boughton, the English landscape painter, whose works are well known In this coun try; Feb. 9, Adolph Wilhelm Menzel, the greatest of modern German paint ers; Feb. 15, Lew Wallace, the sol dier and novelist; Feb. 16, Jay Cooke, the successful financier of the civil war; Feb. 17, Grand Duke Serglus of Russia; March 23, Jules Vernes, the brilliant French novelist; Feb. 25, Ple tro Tacchtna, the Italian astronomer; April 23, Joseph Jefferson, the beloved and popular actor; May 26, Baron Al phonse de Rothschild, governor of the Bank of France; June 13, Baron Na thaniel de Rotchschild, the Austrian representative of the financial house; June 13, Archduke Joseph of Austria; June 17, Maximo Gomez, the Cuban patriot; July 1, John Hay, secretary of state, whose successful diplomacy helped to make the United States a world power; July 4, Jacques Elisee Rectus, the French geographer; July 23, Jean Jacques Henner, the modern Titian among artists; Aug. 20, Ad olph e William Bouguereau, the well known French figure painter; Aug. 21, Mary Mafer Dodge, the editor of St. Nicholas; Aug. 31, Francesco Ta magno, the Italian operatic singer; Sept. 18, George MacDonald, the Eng lish novelist; Sept. 22, Mme. Galll Marle, the French prima donna; Sept. 21, Dr. Thomas John Barnardo, the London philanthropist and "father of the waifs"; Oct. 12, Sir Henry Irving, the English actor; Oct. 22, Florent Wlllems, at the head of the Belgian landscape school; and Nov. 6, Sir Oeorge Williams, founder of the Young Men's Christian association. In politics the leading names of the dead are those of Secretary Hay, Sen ators Hawley and Piatt of Connecti cut, George S. Boutwell of Massachu setts, John H. Reagan of Texas and Gen. Fltzhugh Lee. Conspicuous In the religious list are the names of Bishops Merrill and Joyce of the Methodist Episcopal church, Bishop McLaren of the Prot estant Episcopal church and Arch bishop Chapelle of the Roman Cath olic church. Deaths during December were as follows: John Bartlett, compiler of "Bartlett's Familiar Quotations," at Cambridge, Mass, aged 75; United States Senator John H. Mitchell of Oregon, at Portland, aged 70; Louisa Eldredge (Aunt Louisa), well-known actress, In New York city, aged 75; Edward Atkinson, social and political economist, in Boston,- aged 78; Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb, noted Greek scholar, in London, aged 64; William Sharp, Scotch poet and nov elist, author of novels published un der the pseudonym of Miss Fiona Mac leod, in Sicily, aged 50; Judge Mur ray F. Tuley, Nestor of the Chicago bench, well known as jurist through J out the United States.