Vermont telegraph. [volume], January 09, 1839, Page 64, Image 4

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64
V E 11 MONT TELEGRAPH.
VOL. XI. n0
POEJRY
LUTHER.
Extract from a pojm which obtained the Chan
cellor' Mdal, at the Cambridge Commencement,
(England,) 1333. WarS $ MitceUany.
. "The night is o'er; the day-epring from on high
1 spreading radianca on tb wakening iky.
. Heard y that voice 1 Ah I well may Rone; prepare
! Each charm .to foftan, and each wile to Jnare.
And yet he cWa not king-like, circled ronnd
By tntil-clud thouanda, or with trophies erownd. ;
Not hl the pancply of conscious fame ;
A tiaipla monk, scarce heard of, Luther came.
Bat on his brow there stood collected might,
And ardor, like a warrior's, for the fight;
And in his spirit blazed such zeal as sheds
A kindred inspiration where it treads;
And loftiest courage kindled in his eye,
And hope that yearn'd te conquer or to die.
Slowly at first, bat dauntWsely, he rose,
And huri'd defiance on-unrounding foes.
Though dangers thicken'd wheresoe'er he went .
Though all Hate's venom'd shafts on him were bent,
, Forward lie rush'd, unshaken, undismay'd,
By mighty constancy of soul up&tay'd,
And a a" warrior, to his latest breath,
Unchanging, fought the battles of the faith.
Surely no energy of human power
Could bear hitn scathless in the trying hour.
A holier armor fenced him, as he trod
His dangerous path the panoply of God.
Yes! and no feebler spirit fired his tongue,
When glanced its magics on the list'ning throng.
Had ye but heard him, when, in loftiest mood
Of righteous zeal, he quell'd the astonish' d brood
. Of veual pardoners when he bade be free
The fcitcr'd nations of the western sea
Ye would not wonder that, in hush'd amaze.
Surrounding myriads fix'd on him their gaze
. That erery heart responded to the call
i That strong conv iction flash'd unsought on all.
r:i Tue tornnt, Iash'd to frenzy in its course
-Thf thunder-peal, re-echoing deep aud hoarse
Ti whirlwind, when it hurst upon tha strand,
Or whslms the Arab in his desert-sand,
' Were but fit emblems of that eloquence.
Which roused the passions, and courpell'd the sense.
And yet, at times, in milder tones was heard
That voice, whose power the inmost soul hadstir'd.
And when be spoke of joys unfading, given .
. To those who nobly in the field had striven
Told of that Savior, by whose mortal woa
Eternal life was brought for man below
Or pointed sinners to the thorny road,
Whose steep ascent should lead them ta their fiod,
Then o'er bis spirit came a gentle change,
And strange, in truth Oh! beautifully strange
Appear'd the feeling of bis o'erfraught breast,
That could not suffer one to be uublesu
" OA, too, he told them of that sacred lore,
That book of mystery, unknown before,
Whose page, by priestly tyranny conceal'd,
Ilia hand to every learner now reveal'd.
Seek ye for guidance T thus his summons ran
Seek y the light vouchsafed to erring man i
. , Ask not the priest his is a meteor-ray,
That gilds the darkness but to lead astray;
Go not amid the abbey's cloistral cells
Unbroken gloom within their precincts dwells, '
Coiue to this volume ; from its sacred page
Beams hope for youth, and hnppiuess for age.
Drink at this fountain; in its healing wave
Alone, resides the energy to nave.
Read, and believe ! amid life's tangled maze,
Its light shall pour an unremitting blaze :
In storm and sunshine, hnppiues3 and pain,
Ye shall not ask this heaven-born guide in vain.
"Search y c the scriptures." He had ceased, yet still
They fait his accent on their bojoms thrill.
"Seureh ye the scriptures." Thro' Bavaria's plains,
In thunder-tones, reverberate the strains ;
And caught on angel's pinions" ero they fejl,
Four'd o'er the" mountains, to the land of Tell
To Zurich' waters bounded on the blast,
And woke the snow-clad summits as th"y past ;
Till voices burst from every c'.iff and brake,"
And echo answer' d from each Alpine lake;
Then dnnced across the waters; and the sea
Crested her waves, all redolent of glee,
Till Britain heard. At once, ihe island-queen
. Uprose, her spirits flashing in her mien,
n dash'd her chains in shivers to the ground,
And calTd to freedom all the nations round, .
Yes I from that hour, her flag has been unfurl'd,
To waft truth's freedom o'er the futter'd world."
AGRICULTURAL.
Osa tlxm Practicability and Means of Im.
Pairing oar Agriculture.
An Address delivered before the Fulton
youniy Agricultural Society, on the
- occasion oj its organization at Johns-
- town, Oct. IS, 1838. by J. Buel; pub-.-
tithed at 'the request of the Society.
Gentlemen or the Society. To
those who can carry back their recollec
tions thirty or forty years, the 'improve
ments ,vhich in that "tithe have been made
in the mechanic and manufacturing arts
. will nppeir surprising;. Forty years ago
Vve imported all our cotton, and most of our
woollen goods, except of househol d man
ufacture all of our hardware and cutle
ry, a great portion of our nail?, saddlery,
hats, &e. and I well remember, that a hat
ter in Albany, to give currency to his hats,
was obliged to deceive his customers, by
' -putting into them bills, representing them
to be of British fabric.- Now most of
.thesf, and many other articles indispensa
ble to our comfort, are not only produced
whhin ourselves, in quantities sufficient
Cor domestic use, but millions in value of
" them are annually exported to foreign
countries. Not only are. they produced
ia abundance, but they are produced at a
far less price thin formerly. East India
hum-hums, a coarse slazy kind of cotton
goods, were once reputed cheap at twen-
, ty-five cents a yard. We have now bet
ter goods, made at our mills, at six and
jren cents n yard ; and It is but little
more than twenty years, since the inven
tion of povver-looms reduced the prie of
veiving from eleven and twelve to one
And two cents a yard There is fC trcelv
ft manufactured article in us which his
not, in consequence of the improvement
in mechanics and manufactures, been im
proved in ' quality, and. diminished in
price.
f Whence these, great, and recent im
provements in our sister arts ? 'They are
not owing to the diminished price of labor;
or that has increased, rather than dimin
ished; nor.tO a reduction in the nriee of ;
provisions for these, too, are higher than
formerly. They ha ve been brought about
by the diffusion of useful knowledge, and
the consequent developeraent of the pow-
ers of the mind. The manipulations in
the arts have been greatly abridged by la-
Lnr-sarinnr mnchinpri nnrl mmr iftln
processes .have been simplified ana cheap-
ened, and the results rendered certain, by
...wv. wj . .. vvi ui
.ww, "iiivu w imiulv una uiucicu
fnr tho irnvprnmint nf Itlil'or i n - rrr. ',
vor luiia wijicu x.iwviucuwc u-ia uruereu
n 5 wll n C nrrr i r i- Mint Ins han :
O ,u ,
requisition as well as physical power.
And thpse phanirp h.mv.in some mu'tcuri,
- -' - V U0 l I
been effected by a moresystetnatic arrange
ment of business by a division of labor
-and by a general and rapid dissemina
tionby means of the fjress, of a knowl
edge of the improvements which are eve
ry day being made in these useful arts of
labor.
Let us now turn to agriculture, the pa
rent of all the arts the source of our pur
est and mdst substantial enjoyments the J
basis of our national prosperity and inde
pendence. This is as susceptible of im
provement as the other arts of labor.
What progress in its improvement have
we made, during the last forty years?
Have our labors been abridged by the
general introduction of improved labor
saving implements of husbandry ? Have
our lands increased in fertility, and in the
amount of their products ? "Has the dif
fusion of useful knowledge, on the busi
ness of husbandry, betn as extensive as it
has in mmufheturing and mechanic arts 1
The valley. of the Mohawk was long a?o
celebrated for its fertility and its wealth.
Have en'erprise, intelligence and improve
ment in rural affairs, kept pice with the
spirit of the age ? I fear these questions
cannot be answered affirmatively. I fear
that it will be found, on an impartial in-i-estigation,
that while all the other arts of
hhor have,' with rapid strides, been pro
gressing m ' improvement,- our farmers
have too generally been taking a ttip
Van Winkle nap; that with all the nat
ural means of improvement, and all the
common incentives to employ them, they
have been listlessly treading", in the foot
steps of their fjthers, unmindful of the sal
utary changes whk-h are enlightening and
enriching thost? engaged in o'her branches
of tabor.
I have said.thnt agriculture is suscepti
ble of improvement, nd that our farmers
have thr power arid incentives tn hrmo- -t
about, if they wcu'd do as others do. maL-
a jaint stock of thrir knowledge, and thus
MJiYiauaiiy prom .by the expeiience, of
all. Scct'and. in a little'mnrp tUn
years has increased her agricultural pro
ducts four fold, and j'et-'but a few of her
firmprs are owners of the land they till.
They are ten mts at a heavy rent,.which
Prof. Low, one of her agricultural wri
ters, averages at more than eiht dollars
-
an acre per annum, while the burdens, in
the form of taxes, are assumed by him to
- - I.V,
be about 8 HO upon a farm of 500 acres
MM .1
,. . . j.ijo
annually, in rent and taxes, ahnnt 4 rnn
i nus me occupant, ot such a farm piy
UOlIarS, Which Of COUrse IS a drsiw.h:irL
. ,
upon nt3 nett nronts. and mosi nf
the American larmpr with c;ni,;,u :. ., i
Iigence and industry might annually add
, U.U'Ull IlltCI
to his- income. Yet the Scottish til nnpi
prosp rs under all these disadvantages..
What I have remarked otle increased
profits of Scotch agriculture, will apply
with very tittle -abatement, to many dis
tricts of our own country, and particular
ly to the county of Dutchvss, in our state.
Entire farms in that county have netted
the cultivators an annual profit of fifteen
and seventeen dollars an acre. , Forty
years ago these .firms did not probably
netta quarter of this sum; and it I am
able correctly to identify one to which I
mike reference, it was forty years agv.
mostly old field, a term denoting worn out
land, and was lying in commons !
. One of the best farmers of the age, a
man of science and extensive practical
knowledge in farming, has affirmed, (h it
by doubling the expense, in tabor and ma
nure, he has, upon the same land, been
enabled to treble his profits, ar.d to qua
druple hU products, t alludn to Von
Thaer, who hs for twenty-four years been
at the hea 1 of the great agricultural school
in Prussia.
If I might be permitted, without being
charged with egotism, to cit my own ex
perience in the business of improvement,
I would point to my firm, on the Albany
barrens, which many of my he.irers have
seen, I presume, in its present and former
state as a further evidence that we can
improve our lands. Twenty years a?o.
my soil was poor, very poor and my'
iarm a put of the commons a waste. It
ford 7-, P1 u?nvejL and f-
fords as liberal a profit, as any of the lands
m onaer lertne valley. It is worth, for
firm culture, the interest of two hundred
d'llfnrs per acre; orjd Ihis year the pro
duct h is b.'en greater than I have named,
although but ordinary labor was bestow
ed ;n the culture. It may be said that I
have expended capital in my improve
ments. This is true. I laid out extra
money and labor to put it into good con
dition, and I am now realizing compound
interest upon the-amount of xihe outlay.
For having put it into good condition, I
am en ibled to keep ie so, and to cultivate
it, with as little expense as I could culti
vate poor lands thai would not yield me a
third of the profit I now realize. Capital
is useful to its owner in proportion to the
income which it brings him ; and if by
yestins it in f..rm improvement, it is made
to yield as much as it would yield in bmk
stock, or loaned on bond and'mortjjae it
would seem to be prudent, if 0t wist- 'So
to vest it. '
" I believe it will not be denied, by any
one conversant with the history 0f the
times, that improvements in ozr afrr,Vu;.
ture have been trivial, compared with those
which have been mide jn the other arts of
labor, or thns, whieh have b?en made in
husbandry, in othet districts and in some
other Counties. Oil the contrary, it is but
too apparent, that, with individual and lo-,
cal exceptions, our old lands have been de-
terioratino-in fertilitv without anv mate.
rial improvement in the mode of their cul-
i .-. a 1.- f., tU
in the valley of the Mohawk, comparing
it now with what it Was forty yeais ago,
i inn ici vc i.usuu:iaiKijic iu num.
i r rum me examples l nuve cnea, anu
I k- 1 L : I, " 1. .
From the examples I have cited, and
! f 1. I .1 T.I-
it will readily be admitted, that we are ca
pable of .Greatly imnrovinsr our farm in or
- J O -"O
operations, and of thereby adding to our
wealth, our comforts, and to the substan
tial, prosperity of our country. If by
means of new farming implements the
improvement of our domestic animals
and a better system of culture the labor
which now belts us fifty dollars, can be
made to nett us one hundred dollars
which 1 consider within the range of prob
abilities we may then double both our
products and our profits ; and, under the
guidance of correct principles, double, too,
our usefulness to society.
The progress of improvement in hus
bandry, will be graduated, in a measure,
by the degree of intelligence which directs
its labors. 14 It appears to be strange
and yet we see it to be true " says the
Rev. C. Young, "that the more ignorant
a man is, the more obstinately is he wed
ded to hi own notions and ways the
more ready to scoff at and oppose every
thing that is new. Self-conceit and pre
juJie, the greatest foes to improvement,
are the legitimate offspring of ignorance.
And in proportion to the degreeof ignor
ance, in a community, will be the hosti'i
ty to improvement, and the derision, and
even persecution, at which all attempts at
innovation and reform will le met. The
spirit of improvement is thus cowed, and
even smothered. And if occasionally, a
bold srenius struggles into life, and exhib
its his inventive powers, he hazards liis
peace sometimes even his life. When
Margrave, less than a century ago, at
tempted to introduce the spinning-jerinv,
which he had invented, inthe cotton man
ufacture, he was obliged to. n- from Lan
cashire in England, where he lived, at the
risk of his life. The first saw-mill ever
erected in England was destroyed by a
mob, because they thought it would take
bread from the families of the sawyers."
Fortunately in our day and country, acts
of violence towards innovators upon old
modes of farming a re not to be apprehend
ed. We can only complain of a listless
indifference to improvement, and of a eon
ceited ignorance, which rejects the useful,
because it is new.
If our neighbor discovers on his farm
a valuable mineral, and works it to great
profit we commend him for his oyw-,,1
fortune. If the like mineral nbnnnr?
.-..nv. ii iur mt; ill itifl tl aOOUtlUSOtl
our own farms, and we can work it to
equal advantaje, what course, as prurient
s not deem the man highly reprehensible
urn, uu"in hc iv uu m m! nnnifi ,-
..... u.i.iii a Mifin uiyiiiy renrenerisio'e
dlno- In hfs n-Un!th -lT
0 ,.vl....,, u, tiuwiiuii" i lie exam-
r.. l... r .'
- II. t
are our farms but mines of wealth', if rio-ht-
ly improved ? They are cerlain'v o to
many cultivators ; and if we will fniU..'
the-r example in working the mine, and
in husbandingthe wealth which it yields
our farms will be such to ns. If we lack
the knowledge which precedes improve
ment, let us seek for it, by observation, by
study, and a mutual interchange of opin
ions and infornaiion, wi'h'our brother far
mers in associuions like trw-one I am ad
dressing. We shall see and hear, at these
meetings, much that is new, much that
is instructing and useful, and much to
stimulate us to new exertions in our busi
ness. Again if a man . embarks in a specu
lating business, and prospers in it, hoXv
ready are his neighbors to become his ri
vals and competitors? Good farming is
a speculation with almost a certainty of
grain vi;hout the probability of less." In
agriculture, besides, competition excites
no unkind feelings, as it is apt to do in
other employment?, or should not, for the
improvement -of every competitor m-y
prove beneficial to all. What one makes
does not lessee his neighbors' profits ; but
on the contrary, has a tendency to belter
the condition oFall around him. There
is no monopoly in good firming.
The propensity which has?too much
prevailed of late years, to quit farmino for
a more lucrative, a more genteel, or a"le
laborious employment, has been a "real
obstacle to agricultural improvement? and
has tended much to loA-nr ih
y of oar yeomanry in the public estima
on. How many firmer have we
o were doinp-
allured by a weak amb-tfon, into some
untried business, in which they had eve
rything to learn how many such, I ?ay
have vve seen bankrupted in fortune, and
not infrequently in reputation. There is
a vast difference in the chance of a man's
improving m the business to which he has
been brought up, and bis succeeding in a
new one. of which he knows little or no
thing. In the one case he has a cap tal
in his experience: in the other he enters
into competition, without bis capital, with
those who are far his seniors in skill and
in-practice. A farmer may improve in
bis old business, at much less risk, and
with less trouble, than he can learn a new
one He mistakes equally his intens s
and his happiness, therefore, who quiu
his farm, or neglects t0 improve it, upon
the untried experiment of doino- be'ter
sew he re. Th e re is no em plo y m en t w h ic h
r romues a greater portion of health and
mjependenre, the main sources of our en
jnment, than that of agriculture: while
the marn it makes, to skill and industry
is as bQuauful,tprobao, as it is usefuJ
oursdveor families, or our country,
l he rsttfcp to improvement, is to oC.
quire better knowledge in our business;
the second, to apply this knowledge to the
management of our farms. He that is
conscious he can improve,- and resolves
that, he will improve, "will most surely
succeed and the means of improving will
readily present themselves to his mind.
Agricultural journals will afford him a
ready and cheap means of ins ruction.
They chronicle and bring to him, period
ically, at trifling expense, the improve-;
ments that are continually being made in
the business by which he lives, and .ex
peels to acquire wealth for himself and his
children. .They convey to him all the
discoveries in the science, and improve
ments in the art of agriculture,, which are
made in Europe or America, and that are
calculated to improve him in his business,
and advance his condition in life. They
explain to him the principles upon which
the new system of husbandry is more pro
ductive, more certain, and more profitable
than the old system ; and they demonstrate
the correctness of these principles by the
successful results they give in practice.
They explain to him'the operation of ma
nures as essential to the growth and per
fection of his crops, as hay, grain and
pasture are to the growth and productive
ness of-his cattle and enlighten him in
the means of augmenting, and of apply
ing them in the most economical manner.
They bring to his knowledge every im
provement and invention in the labor sav
ing implements'of the farm. They instruct
him in the principles and most approved
modes of draining and of rendering sa
lubrious and productive, those portions of
his farm which have hitherto, perhaps
been a prolific source of disease and death
to his family, and neighborhood a high
ly useful branch of modern improvement
in husbandry, which we have yet to learn.
They demonstrate to him, ih principle,
and by numerous illustration! in practice,
the utility of alternating crops, and in
struct him in the economy and manage
ment of root culture. Thny treat of The
comparative value of different breeds of
farm stock, and furnish the best examples
of profitable management. They teach
useful lessons in gardening and orchard
ing, and designate the fruits, roots and
garden productions most useful to the family,-and
most profitable for market. They
abound in instructions in household econ
omy, and show, that under judicious man
agement, the garden and the farm may be
made to produce most of the necessaries,
and many of the elegancies and luxuries
of life. They are in facta sort of agricul
tural museum, m which all that is new
all that- is useful in farming may be
found, and applied to the individual bene
fit of the reader. They are, in effect, a
sort of universal agricultural society,
which collects intoafocu.,andfrom thence
diffuses over the land, a knowledge of all
that is useful in the improvement of the
soil. But independent of tHese, and other
advantages I might particularize, agricul
tural journals are worth thrice their cost
to the children of the family, in in Wing
in them a taste for u-eful knowledge, and
a desire to improve their minds, their
manners and their morals. The good
see l, sown in the spring time of life, will
produce its fifty and its hundred fold, in
the summer of manhood.
Another and very important means of
improvement is. agricultural societies or
associations. Although these have b.-en
of long standing in Europe, ar.d have con
tributed largely to agricultural improve
ment there, more new ones have been
firmed in the United States, in the last
five or ten years, than ever existed with
us before. They aflbrd a strong indica
tion that the important business of hns
handry is commanding, as it ought, the
particular attention of the American peo
ple: and that the benefit rocn linn i -
these associations have become palpable
and important. Arripiihiirol '
tend to bring under the eye. or to the un
derstanding, of each member, and in a
great . degre to the poblic at large, the
best househo.d and farm pro Iticts, and the
best agricultural practice, of the country
or district in which they are established,
and thus enable each individual to appro
priate to h.s own use, the experience and
the improvements of his neighbors The
example of evjry good farmer produces n
beneficial lnfluenrM nnnn j
i , . "j-vm, iiiujc arouna
hi.m; who seem? his approved modes of
......irmem, ana tne advantages result-
ng from them, will not fail ultimately l0
adopt them. Hence the more r0od"f.ir.
mers there are. the greater will be the r.i
Ho. of genera 1. improvemen', and conse
quently of pub'ic benefit-for it i, lhe earn
ings and products of agricultural labor
that ma nly contributes t the prosperity
of the other classes of society. anl xBnJm
ment the aggregation of "the national
wealth. When the harvest is short, eve
ry department of business feel, the elec
tric shock. When it is abundant, a new
and happy impulse is given t0 every son
of business. These rnnC;,L..,:..:y, -
.1 . . . . . -.i-ruuuua snow,
that Jt is the interestalike of to patrol
i? and encourage every effort that i
nnpVnhTf C the .Prod's of the soil.
One of t he oldest societies in our country
is that Berkshire. Massac h us, us I
have occasion, ly attended their exhibi-
wmrrseu ine county, and marked
hs improvements in husbandry, Turin,
he last twenty. y,ars ; nnd j n"nS
ect convictmn in my mind, that the conn
ty has been benefited twenty dollar, for
every dollar expended in priniums, in
pecuniary point of view. Bat it is Ji
the rapid improvempnt of ,he soil .lone
Hjh .ch has resume! from he establish me" t
of her agr.cmtural societythe ;mZ
ments of the.m,nd have kep paceTilh
or rather preceded tho imll ' "
frnt".?DffC'!'f-r,benefil' lively to result
from the establishment of agricalturX-
cieueslr. Andersonn a lale address,
before the society, at Danvnie. Kv.. enu.
nerstbebnytng:
Tbeir will elevme Ihechracter of ,he
rmino ann ntrrrenltnrn! riMCs nrMolM..
xucv iu kiuww iucii grucrat inieiti-
grace, their aggregate' wealth, and give
them, as they deserve to have, a control
over the morals and politics of society.
They wi .11 iiacreasethenational wealth,
- They will be not only calculated to
.V r a 4 i" - v c "i lv -tul
the-standatd and. spirit of education; for
as men increase in knowledge even of a
pc.iu.u.ia.atc,,lir.allo iU a nigner
standard m everything: else, are enkind-
ieu., ,
" Thev fll fomi.hisun.hl aid , ,hc
legislature of a s4ate. '
They will greatly increase livestock!
in parity of blood and quality.
"They will increase labor-saving modes
of cultivation, as well as lab6r saving ma-
enmes. '
:-.. . . . ...
chines.
provement of husbandry, which this soci
ety is specially formed' to promote, per
mit me earnestly to recommend an eaily
attention to thp Mbiblish
v Will lUUki
School Libraries. The improvement of
i i . i i .
me niiiiu musi preceae tne improvement
of the soil. Physical power belongs to
the brute, as well as to man; but the ap
plication of intellect to aid and control this
power, is the peculiar prerogative of man ;
and it requires no argument of mine to
show, that intellect is efficient and potent,
in husbandry, as it is in the other business
concerns of life, in proportion as itis broi
under good culture; that a well cultivaf
ed mind, like a well cultivated soil, car.
he rendered far more productive in use
fulness, than one that has not received the
advantages of culture. Common School
Libraries will not only be useful in the
particular business of "farmin?, but in all
the relations in lifr in which we or our
children may be called upon to perform a
part. All tho gradations in society, Irom
savage life, to the highest state of elviliza
lion and refinement, have principally betn
owing to the greater or less cultivation of
the human intellect. Useful reading not
only confers positive benefit, by the irr
siruction and admonition which it imparts,
but it often averts positive evil, by keep
ing us from loose or bad company, and
thereby preventing the formation'of idle
or bad hnbirs. The youth who finds pleas
ure in reading, and has the opportunity of
storing his mind with useful knowledge,
will seldom be driven lo the hauntsf
vice and dissipation, to indulge his grosser
appetites. And the min I too, lik,. the
S3il. will grow weed -an I briars, thirties
and thorns if not made, by goo.l culture,
to produce that which is comely and use
ful. The liberal appropriation by the
legislature, for the establishment of Com
mon acnoo li braries, f won led I
7" -ill b,. by .he ;bl?h
form . n,- ,nd ...pfciout rni m ou; hi,-
lory, and contribute essenliallv m rn.L.r
. "hot ,veonSh. .o b,-a more int.Tli.
sent and vinuoiwiht u
remain.a , and MlnO, '"l
m,.-. ,. . ,. ' 1 r
The judicious cultivation of the soil is
now deemed so esent.al to national pros-
peniv.uiat it has become the settled poli-
.... ... v..,,amniw it.iirinmfn.j,
to take a direct and efficient interest in the
improvement of its arrnculturp S,-h Ante
-f j r. 7 -v..vw,e
of sr.entifif and praclica narricokiire. in
youth .augbt ,he be.n m0J of
u L 1 - ie principles
upon which that practice is based, are con-
i.nu.lly muit.plymg under governmental
patronage on theolJ continent K,un,i
societies have been established for rj.
1'a1 'W, im-
and for diflusinir 1,. " f, 1
vioe of tb05e !,, k.J
n.o,i; the cm,n . i "
ricuSture upon her sl
school education and n J
u ' . ,CaUon .anU ,n ev,n what we
. "'iiv viiii-'jitU IC-
ffions oi Pruss.a, and among the oppress
ed of Ireland, we see evidence of wisdom
and the dawn of a brighter day, in the esl
tibl.shment of agricultural schools. Our
sister state, Massachusetts, has been fore
nost among us to adopt a liberal and en
lightened policy toward this her primary
branch of industry. She has disbursed
large sums from her slate treasury, annu
ally, to sustain and encourage county a,
ncultural societies ; and when the la?y
inaktng these appropriations, was about to
expire, by its own limitation, so well sai
led was her legislature, of its uuIj,Vf lhal
the law ivno P.. j ...vi J 1
iinve nu nerto considered the bnirb.r1 i a
o-inno r t...: Y ne D.n,ga ie-
y. I hat state his also provided for an
agrieuhurahmrvey of her territory, which
has been two years in nrn-rr;' ,;.L
v. u.u.g n? Detoro her who eani
cultura nonn ntmn oil r... . .
, , ua, ,wai ,3 iqiiqq excel,
-nt ,n the business of her farminpj.
l ,t iuiii win prcht
she wHI PtM"or Jvhen
sne win gin to imitate them, will de
pend very ,n,Ich upon her farming nonu.
Iat.cn. What thef demand will &
J?JMJ? hr & the
j agricultural improvement
from our public councils, wbil- the far
mers ihemaelres generally manifest a rep
rehens.ble indifference in the rna'ter
In the brief remarks I have made I
have endeavored to show the practicabilu
ih I y ' s ur aJ?ncu:tu. and of
v raising tne character of our arri.
cultural population : and have uggetel
fmnr'ovfthe mean3 ?hkb STred
mprovement may be broujrht about. I
have already trespassed toofu upon your
,enJ. I ar. to go into any r!f the de
'nils of improved husbandry. Let ft 5uf.
nee to say, that they embrace a belter
economy, and more" general application
or manures a system of thorough drain
ing the introduction of improved labor
(saving machines and impWuTT
nmromt f r.- . lf tfct-i.
of impure S,eds-the eL"
cUitu,he uCr.nUon c,"cZ
I i- ., . 'rS .k.
mon roais the introduetinn r ,c4.
to all the departments of farm .7ft
hold labor 'ibo ...!.:..... ra a.nJ W
land as can be cultivated wft,
keeping 0f at much farm Zocfc?
profitably fed and fatu,J
fu"E- ah these improvement V1
been made, and tire makinrlu t 4
They can be made hpr-. f,Ib-
maat nere bv the icle lin ,u x
prise, and the laudable commi MfT
1th rViW :tf I ' .
.ion. ifiu1ar,e Iciou" ' 'T fc
ed in. ' JU-IWOU5') pwasvc:
nit
the ,fn m hWJ J rt-cogmze, gemlerr.ea.
mn iT f aasoc.iJati". i 1
T?" 4
, jHuicmrou xceotr
I IS a WOrthvAno L.i...'i.: .J
is a wonhv one. u .t : . &
the means of, human sustenance oni
measure of human er-joyment; aud if
encoutagmg and honoring induS"y 7
to advance the moral character and
stantutl prosperity of the Country I
you prosper in these public
efforts, end that Fulton co.nty. m'
come as distinguished in the aunalscC
ncultural improvement, as the inJinf.5
whose name it. bears, is already
w ivign:;on.
MISCELLANEOUS.
tron the Geocee Farmer.
XJghtnimz Hod.
We have recently had frequent ocrv
sion to observe the reccmmendrioa i
glass insulators for lightning rods, asb
ingb?o!uiely necessary for their succ-
ful operation. We have b,en sorry taci
serve it, fearing that from tje ditBcuhrc
nrocurmtr such insnl.j tflTJ t. . O r .. Ill
deterred altogether from tTeciiii rod a
giass nas no practical advanUgi 0;tr
wood. If the rod is kept one foot from ih
building by means cf Atv n;. ;
, J rj"'rj nu.4
supports, no danger need ever be feari
I r . a II
-..wouMUdieasurarjiy oeer a conducts
than wood that thr i l: :.
the course of the electric . fluids b:ia:
cnangen irom the rod by the laaer. ifci
er requisi'cs are attended to. Cut i
o.imvingaie aosoiutely essentulto crttr
lightning rod:
1. That it be sharply pointed at the
per -.xtremi:y.
2. That it" be continuous ihro.oji
3. Thit it terminate in some 7taiwu
conlurttng body. r
4. That it bo of sufE-ient height.
It is necessary that ih? point be 1
u: ii i . ,ir""? a t
j P
iii uiui-r to u scnarge silentlv i
k. kl .. t j . i . i "... -
V
7. " . " r CJP fi J
Tn'oTe oFeS; CC ? 5k'V
"01 .''ny hii obi-r.i. itlSj..
'"S P
uuMKcrrupieuiy to me earth : bet.ee nbn
the rod must consist of more tVnc.
piece, link joints, which nani., "
the- community, should be avo:deJ V I
racn enj ci the rod screwed inti r .
mon nut, which by the elos- ccn
I firf'f .IM C. . " 1 . 1
.iiuvio, tiii lunula unn,prr'ini.i rt
sntv. I. 1 """ "'-'P-' '
,e peiZM:
nuia may hna vand freelv Pcm.iii:.
body of the earth o"herwiI br af
it." without nff ?r Jin" -
,K. -a :"" ''" Iui,,?rw
wuld a! 7?
danger. Hence i of
' ' rh but . foot ori
""-'e .e stoma m:,y erer b- n,o:
TllV .
VLl"? ..u,8,,P.V!?n. thr fluid. 1)
"r,gQi aoove the bui'ding is in o-,Mf''
altoiether inm.. i. : ,i
- -n ,k ,IJ "l,M
a rod will protect romnWIr i nrrJ
pace whose diameter is fou'ribfis
hnght of the rod above it H-aff Jr:
placed at one ecd of a building ilir.r:
long, to aflbrd perfect protection, si"--be
fifteen ff hirU :. . :r,-:
,ui seven leet.
j.jt
.A ledn jar. eWeed In ttie hetr
de-rep. m,y he d chjrKed bv i m-t
eia in the n ikcJ hand, without rcrceitur
srhtest .hoct nut t,,e hand i4 , s
better conductor Hun ,l,y WOad. Tbs a'
Ue lightumroj m ana'ooj..
The Mormons. We perceir?. r'
tne proceedings rif inn
uiui a memorialj asking prri -aid
for the Mormon women anlrfci-
of Caldwell county, was bid brf--body
on the 31 inst. -If appears'"
serves the Louisville Journal. -ibS'
houses of many of the Morn ons ia':i
county have been burned don;
about C3 Mormon men. all of tbf:
ned. have been arrested and impriss
40 killed, and 100 compelled tfas
cape the vengeance o' the citizens; "
that 200 women, most of wham ?. J
smnll children, are thus left decHi
no food to keep them from s!arv.-t;
no shelter to protect ihem from the ..
storms. We trust that the StatV
her legislature, will do promp 'j "j
she can lr repair the f.yil and ctael
perpetrated by her citizens.'
Prom the Quebec Gazette of D-19 t
-,m.. uis morning, atjui f
the thermometer -. in M r '.
and 23 degrees below zero,
procaciy never happened befor 4
mas. A strong N. W.swinl hx r-;,?
"tr wiow, wnica has now laiw ,
inches on a level. A young ,n,r ' U$
rette named Ilimel, perished
on Saturday etehing".