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he dots not know that those agitations, so much talked of, (hew an excess of i'.rength, and cannot belong to a debilitated body ; that our exper.ces however enormous,are nothing, it we compare them to our re sources ; that the whole of France is here, and that we have yet several milliards in store, of which we cannot make a better life than in employing them to found our internal and external independence; he does not know that the number of our en emies, far from difcotiraging us, will call forth our activity and our resources ; and that a people who bring into a common flock, their hands, their courage, and their fortunes are invincible ; that they can nei ther want foMiers nor money ; in fine, he does not know that such is our iituation, that we must no longer count our enemies, and thar they have placed us under the glorious necellity of conquering them or periOiing in the attempt. If Britain vvith out a motive, in contempt of the law ol nations, ftiould declare war again!* us, frenchmen, remember Cortcz burning hi? veflels in light of his whole army landed on the Ihores of Mexico. , But after having drawn your attentior to the actual (late of tiie British govern ment, permit me to call it now to the dil pofition of the Britifn people, for that peo ple is not yet reduced to that degree oi ser vitude that they Ihould be reckoned sos nothing in the fuppolition of an approach ing rupture with their government. We have been accuftomeel to designate undei the generic name of Engliflimen, three different nations whoin nature has separa ted, whom force had brought together whom interest conltantly divides, ane whom the principles t>f our revolution havi variously affercteel. The English people, like all conquerir.r nations, have long opprefled Scotland ant Ireland ; but it mult be obforved, tha these two lalt nations, always restless ane secretly revolting at the injustice of tin Englilh nation, have obtained at differem periods, such concessions as have left then the hope of regaining their full indepen dence. I shall not here expatiate 0:1 the circumstances which form the difference between Ireland and England. Every oni knows her parliament, her vice-roy, a:ie the kind of political liberty which (lie ob tained by open force during the America! war ; but what is not so well known is the difficulties which the British parlia ment continues to throw in the way of the indnllry and commerce of Ireland, ane their constant oppolition to the freedom oi that commerce. The Catholic feit is yci fubjefledto the Gothic and barbarous law: of intolerant ages ; and with this kind a: partial independence.the Irifhfeem to tnn their eyes upon us anel teli us—Cume,Jkeu your jellies anclw; are free. Scotland labours under other grievances flie is represented in parliament, b it in s manner so disproportionate to her riches Jier territory anel her population, that (h. mult befenlible that (lie is in fa£t. n ' mart than a colony dependant upon the Englill government, and yet the Scotch know their rights and feel their flrength ; the principles eieveloped by tiie French nation, iiave found their zealous defenders, who .have deferveel the firft honors of the perfe ction of the British government ; bill those persecutions iiavc made proselytes, £!: no where have our triumphs been celebra ted with greater joy, than in the cities ane towns of Scotland, the principal of wliicl have been illuminated on those occasions. Ireland anel Scotland, attentive to the progress of the French revolution, know with what regard we have spoken of the people of England ; it will be harel to per fiiaele them that in contempt of every ieler of equity, thjey ought to pay frefh taxes tc make war upon us. because we have resto red to a nation the navigation of a rivei which opens to them a communicatior with the ocean, aael even affords to the trade of England a shorter anel surer roaei tofecure to herfelfthe rich produSs of the llilgic provinces. But can the people ol England, properly so called, in their pre sent hoflile difpolition towards us, difpnft of the resources of government as the) please, to make an unjiift war upon us ?— I ought to fay, however, that the citizen: of London, anel the principal towns ol Knglanel are labouring fe>r that purpose, ai the present instant, with infinite pairjs. Such is the power of the government in England, that it can do every thing. It engrofles to itfelf a multitude of men thro' the medium of intereit. The arillocracy of the cities and revenue departments, is infinitely greater than in France when the revolution took place in 1789. These de scriptions of men are now the auxiliaries of tiie court anel the parliament, and make ■ a great outcry at our flare of confulion. our anarchy, our weakness, anel certair misfortunes of the present el v, which it seems we are to blct from the pages of out hiliory. They are afraid of th ■ people in the country ; and the Britifn clergy ane: the cpifcopalians, employ that hypocrifj which if. congenial to then, and their influ ence, over the minds of the people, to ef face the impreflions-made by our fuccefles, and the evidence of the truths we have proclaimed. In fine, have you forgotten that the Bri tifn government nvie'e war again!! their colonies, contrary to the willi of the F.tl gllfh peopie, ami 10 fatisfy the private re sentment of the king ?—O thou land', here tofore the theatre of liberty, unfortunate country of Sidney and of Milton,who can without grief turn his eyes to this quarter . Who can fee tiic tower of London metn morphofed into a Baflile of Paris, so long an object of horror to the people of Enp;- land—Who can fee the liberty at theprefs and the liberty of opinion banilhed from a country where these two palladiums of public "liberty were framed by the tutelary genius of the Rights of Man —the philoso pher Prieilley persecuted, Thomas Paine proscribed, Cooper and Walker belieged in their honfes for having aflerted that men are equal and free ( Such is at this moment the situation o, an illand. lately so famous. Such is the power of the aristocracy, of the nobility, of the rich, and of the priests, 3t London, that our debates of the National Conven tion, that are read with flich avidity, so esrneftly liftencd to, and which.occupy fu large a space in all the French gazettes, are wholly excluded from these of Eng land. Who would believe it ? EvenaSpa nifli inqulfition could do nothing more crat - tily tyrannical, than what the Englifli go vernment lias dared to do at this instant tc diilract the national opinion, to awake the old prejudices of the people againlt us, arc to intercept the light of truth in a country which the government has condemned u ignorance and slavery. In the mean time, the rigorous i»ea fares of the government, and its fears are i proof, and may determine the progref the French opinions have made among tin people. fThe remainder of M. Kerfaint's fpeeci will be given in our next.] • <-'**« ■■ ■ mut Ljnxp ummwernum PHILAD E L P H I A. March 23. Extract of a letter from Oporto, to s respectable House in this city, dated January ij. « "We are Innrly expecting to hear, liat England, Holland and Spain have de tailed war with France : These combin ed forces by sea, intend to prevent any >rovilions entering the ports of France, .vithout refpeit to the flae of any country; 'russia Germany, &c. &c. will h irrafs hem by land ; inlhortall Europe seems .ombined againfl that nation. Mofl peo ple are of opinion, that Portugal will maintain a neutrality, which will be very lappy for us. Accounts from Dominica (late, that an '.lined copper bottom (hip had arrived :here from England about tiie jotn ot rebruary, after a remarkable short paiTage. jy which intelligence was received that a ,var with France was now become inevita ble, and that eight guineas bounty w ere dven lor entering feanien, when she fail ed. \_Frov 2 a Corre/f trident."] "It is fai l that the American Roya'ifls iavebeen much embarrafied, as to the man ner of evincing the sincerity of their grief "or the " murder" of his Chr : f}ian raiefly—Whether by muffling the beils, n all the large towns and cities, for the pace of twelve months at leaf}; or by rloathing themselves in the fable rarb of mourners, on the occasion. The lail mode aas met the approbation of a majority ; jut a refpecifor men in power, whichij cha -atteriftic of these mourning gentry, has :leterred them from haflily putting their fcherne in execution, until the crrt f all liave time to lead the way.—lt has been suggested. that, in order to fr.ow their marked abhorrence of the "murder'' of Louis, they oujht to burn in effigy, the fix huntirtnl.and ninety three members of the convention, who facrilegioni'ly dared to declare their Sovereign guilty of those crimes which brought him to the fcaffold. The mourners, it is said, would be inccn"- folabte, did they net entertain the mofi fangnine hopes, that the nccefiion o( Great- Britain, Spain, Portugal, Holland, anil the Germanic empire to the last year's combi nation of kings, will be fufficient to enable the duke of Brunfwiik, to put his I,aft year's threats ill execution ; to "take an ever memorable vengeance" on the French revolutionists, by putting every man of them to the sword ; and u totally to de molish the city of Pari", not leaving one (lone Handing upon another. ,l It would i>e extremely hard that such laudable hopes Ihonld be difappointcd We are requested to contradict the in formation in our lait relative to Cel. Proc tor's " having received word from the In dian chief Cornplanter, that his people were inclined for war, and that it might not be prudunt for the Colonel to pay them a visit"—"No such communication, it appears, was made to Colonel Pro£tor. and the whole account is by him. fmce his return from lies weflern tour, declared tc be unfounded. Caleb Strong, Esq. is chosen Senator, in the Senate of the United States, for the state of Maflachufetts. About the eleventh of January a party ol Indians appeared near Fort Jefierfon. \vh< were fired at from the fort and ore -.von ded. This is the only party that have • pcnrediii the neighbourhood ofFortJef ferfon lince the beginning of November lalt, when they engaged with Major Adair. An American gentleman juit arrived front France, where he h id every opportunity, and (pared no pains to collect the belt in formation, communicates the molt agree able accounts from that quarter. The city of Paris was in a Hate of perfect tran quility, and under the ltrifieft police ; the military under exa£t discipline, the order :>i the convention great, confidcring the number of its members, the natural viva city of the French, and the unbounded va riety of buiinefs they have to tranfaft. La Fayette, he also informs, meets with good treatment in his confinement. We hear from Jamaica that the govern ment of that i(la"d is putting all the forti icatioiu into the belt slate of repair, and lumbers of troops are soon expe&ed, addi ional to tliofe now in the island, to gar ■ifon the various forts and other places if defence. Since cur lalt there are no arrivals that "urther confirm the former accounts of the .xecution of the king of Franee on the at It if January. From a variety of corrobora ting circumltances, however, the truth ol lie matter is now considered as beyond a ioubt. The lalt letters fiate that he fuf ered about 4 i:i the morning, by torch ight : his head being fevered from his lody. fell into a hole below the fcaffold, uul his body was thrown in after it. r/ic folhivi'T is from n late Charlefion \_S. C.~] paper. and (qs prefixed in the Refoliiticns) signed by a very large num ber of reputable names. tyE uhofe names are under-written. ** magillrates, planter ~ merchants, and ither citizens of South Carolina, have, on nature deliberation, come to the follow ng resolution". When we cnnfider the toils and peril; ivhlch the people of this state have pafied through, in order to eltablilh liberty ar.d .■quality, and the fond predilection with ■vhich they regard the republican fyltern ; t is not without regret til it we fee titles md appellations of diflinftion of rank and iiperiority, gaining ground in our coun ry, and now almolt eltablilhed by univer al Co: lent. We allude to the titles of Sxcellenry, Honourable and F.fqnire, •Jventoour magistrates and principal ci izens. Although all fnch titles are ex iref.lv abjured by our conliitution. as lavi 111 badges of the dclv.fetnent which irevails in the governments of enslaved Europe, yet we find these titles publicly illumed by our magistrates and leading Tien, who uniformly dr. bib each other ■vith those titular appellations, which are low considered so far as a matter of right, hat to emit them would be giving of 'ence ; and we find them inserted in the jroceedings and public acls of pur leg'f'a tire. In Ihiirt, a few men in pp.- ci un ay, conipofed of the legifiatorN judges, reneral, and field-officers of njiliua, our lelegates i 1 Concrete. jnftices, lawyers, md rich planters —to this elevated class, the governing, ruling part of our citizens ire given those high titles ; while the in lividtials which compose the great mafi if the governed, the people, are callcc: ?ach by the appellation of Alifler, from i Vleflier, a trade, a word in, its origin de loting a person of inferior, low life ; tlrus avowedly afierting, in the face <1: .he republic, an inferiority <1 conditio! Ktwecn men belonging to the fame foci ?ty, and who, from the nature of our go ,eminent, are every way on a footing o civil equality, except that the one art rich, or are servants of the cnmtr.iir.it)' i'T.l the others not. V. e are net infenfi :,le that many will think, ard others pre :end, that those titles are only terms of ci ,'ility, and of no confer.uer.ee : tut an\ a:ie who knows the nature of ambition rod with what eagerness a human creature iVir.es on a trifle, light a leather, to e oifilTr.i rrHaie o+'Aopartition, ard ra,:.* h;m feif above his equals ; that it is the ftroiig .-It biafs cf hi; nature to aim at such ciif :in£tions ; and that the thinnest difgtiifes. md feebleft reasons, are Itrorg enough t ferve hir-i as a pretext. lie v. ho confi :'ers these things, will view this rrpre fenting of honorary titles, by high onces, 2;reat opulence, and lucrative profeffions. to be of ftime moment. We ast is net this splitting, this partitioning out of foci . ty into two orders or dalles, ihcfe :n arc "/of office? The honorable and not ho norably or ignoble, reverend and irri z':-- rend, ariflacrat and AJijler—do not all these amount, not to an untitled, fcrt omething like a titled nobility rmorgft us? Is not the title honorable at lead e ;ual,isit not ftiperior to noble or light honorable? And ts ncthuroli.'ity, or feme such high-founding appellation, one day to a rife* out of this servile language to our public fen arms ? Is it notr s l.kely to pro duce degradation amor; the people oi South Carolina, as nobility has cure ir Europe ? O 1 this fliameful, odious prt';n il'neofour's in favor«of hi{;h flyirj diftin&ions, serves to prove, that tie poi fous of royalty, have r-tt yet been !ilf{:- entiy eradicated cut of err I'oil : ar.d if ii 1 e trie that " e are fond of them, it i d; bp lit) 5; to the tp.ir.ly c! arc! fnrjdi ilty of r»pr.b'.ican ■ Let us therefore, freemen of Csrulirs, reject tfyem altogether ; let not the pro-' pie renounce the right of equality, 1 i ';. guard that patriotic jealousy against tern-; and fofhions of fervilitv, which, into ttfage. and gaining ttrength by t:ine, would eater into the habits and manners, into the very blood and spirits of our citi zens, and prepare them lor that flavifiiin feriority and debafemerit, the source of all the pppreflions and miseries of the whole world. Convinced of these important truth , we therefore, refolte,'&c. [For the resolutions, fee pur paper Mo, 144.—] Reflexions itfon Several Sitbjet's. [From a late French Gazette.] 1 • THE cloud ef hand-bills and tifements that infect the (Ireets ard public papers at the approach of an election, mav be compared to those vafl flocks of crow that cover the tops of trees at the eve of ;i battle. They are black, croaking, feed upon the putrified flefh of the and liover over the field of battle fevernl day:, after. It is very difficult to decide who i; the most filly, the advertifar who tells all the world that he is the only hontrft man in it, or the reader of the paper, that is weak enough to believe w hat he fays. 2. The liberty of the press, like the li berty of Ipeech, is the liberty of faying n ;reat many more foolifh than wife things, >ecaufe there are many more fools in the. world than men ps fcnfe ; and every body ;no\vs that for,ls arc always very fluent of "peech, having the more to f;.y as they are. txempt from thinking. 3. I pnee knew a man who infilled upon, railing himfclf my friend, altho'l one. irevioutlv engaged. He always rose be ore me hi the morning, in order to be the irft to fay good morrow; he praifec! me or every tiling I did ; if I bent jny wife, le descanted liberally upon my mild tem >er ; if I spilt my (oup upon my cravat ho. A'3s furc to admire my neatr.efs ; did 1 run ny ncfe agginft a wall, he then extolled ny prudence; iu (liort, there were no ies I could commit, but h_-Commended hem as inltanccs of my ingenuity. At lafc le so far gained on me, as to induce ire >ccafionally to lend him money, and. r . lfnal in fitch cases, never paid no. W • jttarrelled, and he called we one of the left natnrcd fouls in the world—l foibacjp. lim my houfa. and he called tile n 1: "del o'.. lofpitality ; but his :■bfence ha: ccf. ess than t ij thousand livres 1 4. Education i« the \ivi Tying font of a, *ree government. Without it the efforts )f liberty degenerate into a ft ver thai con "umci a nation, and in the end le; -.«•« them, 1 prey to tyrants. It is of the h'ghett importance that primary and lecor.dary chools be ettabli;: cd without i'l.iv-.hpr (le av. and that tbcfe to whom they are en rutted Ihould be ttri£lly enjoined to read very day to the people the renovated laws ;f France, and fiich ii.firnf ion : 5 the le ;iflature or executive powers (lull decree o be diiletitinati.d thro' the various de partments of the republic. Itisalfoab "olutely neceilaty that the faiarics cnn.xed o these schools ! touid be Inch as to attract he attention of v. ife ard virtuous men, vhofq views ps ambition however, are so, "ar bounded. as to ma!-e these schools the >bje£L of their moil aftiduor.s care, 5. Public opinion is that ttonny ocean ipon which the great snip of the republic, md of liberty, mutt expcifito fail. Public nftruflion is like that fal;:*ary oil which :almsdow 11 the waves;!.at had been raifeel :>y ignorance and the passions of men. Without it. the agitation of p i lie cpin on will at 1 ast pccufion a tern; s that will \\ allow up all our hopes—Nien only go vern each other by means of acquired deas; the enemies of public peace can ■illy mislead a ratipn by deceiving them. Dnly afford to a free go', ernmcnt frfi ciei 1 neuns to convey to every irdiviriual the ruths neccfl'ary to clireft and fuppurt it, clminiflr.tion, and it will be fecund f. cr.i ill convnllions. f». The best motv.urer.t we can ra'.fe to Liber:y,is Liberty herfelf. Itisnot (latrcs atjd pj ramids that ouj lit c o -fiantiv to hoc > her in our view, but go i d laws ard goo I morals. As lorg as we carry her in 01 b, earls, her mere'image need not be hcfoi • ;-ur ever, and if ft e {hould be forced si withdraw from our ct un'.ry, her p 1 rami'; and llatues would be only a tonne ;r. ii .. human virtues had at ro time m< rr t'ati 1 i ■net tern; les in Ren e, than ; t tie very time the y were ill a Hate of exile f om ih: t capital. Let us tale care then rot to : n) ! - tate their example in fiii i'g nr ir.ctropo iis with vain fjn bols. as they arc !y m means a proof of the pre fern e of t! e re I deity— teff'e*, Fr rce has no bro 11- ne tal now to spa.i e for tl e r e idle ]11 rj i><es : war mutt: be waged, ard every por.nd (t" hrafs ard copper will be w anting to repi 1 the forces c.f dc fpotifm. I'le F.ir.ih.c ---\ üblic lias 1111 fc rm y negleclc ci c< r p> r ■ pi l t on for ereflirg statues ard pyri n id . and v 1 en brought be'ore the grand coun cil <>t the nation, tlcy were ccuaanti. {lighted I y r.n in:n cdiste tall fcr—the or . iJer of the day.