New-York daily tribune. [volume], December 02, 1850, Page 6, Image 6

About New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
~~ ktjropean affairs.
?.?,,? and Gcrmanr?War Inevitable ?
French Maltern.
Locdori Correspondence ol The Tribune.
London, Kriday, Nov. 15, 18S0.
tjurrl. UrttU* it Mr Ktr ath:
Gsntt.imen:?The position of European affairs
has taken a tarn within a few days past which
demands eur whole attention. Matters which
were silently preparing, and which on the surface
presentod only a very secondary interest, have
come to a crisis. The enigma of the state of things
m Germany begins to be solved, and in fine, lor
?he first time since 1848, England is subject to a
very serious agitation, precisely on the point on
which the national mind is most susceptible ; 1
mean Religion.
I avoided touching these various questions the
last week, not then comprehending in the affairs
of England what I comprehend a little better now,
and the past was too uncertain for the kind of
correspondence which 1 have to send you. In
relation to Pru?;ria, there have been some events
of great significance. 1 thought when I last
wrote you that Prussia was about to succumb
coco more, and in spite of ray perception of the
difficulties of her position, 1 did not more than
half express my disappointment. I am so fully
convinced that the best side ol German ctviliza
tion is with Prussia, I am so sure that this nation
has an important task to accomplish in the history
of humanity in general and of the Gorman race
in particular, that I could not hut hesitate to tell
yon that all was lost in that quarter. Now, if
Prussia had passed without striking a blow, or,
if this is yet not impossible, it this time passes
without striking a blow, under the Caudine Forks
of Austria, or rather of the old European coalition
of 181 in which the nephew of Napoleon would
have, taken the part of the Bourbons of the elder
branch, we might say that it was all over with
this nation.
Not to resolve by war the difficulties which
could be resolved in no other way for a military
nation than by force ol arms, would for Prussia be
equivalent to a suicide. Whether they crush it
er not, the two elements of the Germanic Confed?
eration are inevitably involved in a war, of longer
or shorter duration, The iirst skirmish has taken
place. The Prussians yielded without the loss of
a man, am! have since evacuateo Cassel. But this
is evidently a strategic movement.
Two facts of great gravity control this position,
the death ol the Count ot Brandeburg on the one
hand, and on the other, the placing the whole
Pru&sian army on the footing of war. The Count
of Brandcburg, the natural son of one of the Princ?
es ol the Prussian dj nasty, and adopted as a mem?
ber of the lloyal Family, had been from the ll'rst
drawing back of Frederick William, the prime
mo\er und agent of the policy of compromise and
delay. I say the policy of compromise and delay,
for the Count of Bradeburg, more than other per?
sons connected by the ties of interest or affection
with the Count of Berlin, was not and could not
be a stranger to the plans for aggrandisement
which t-A.st in the licait and head ol all Prussians.
He did not think the time was come. He espe?
cially distrusted the alliance with revolutionary
passions. In short, he counted more on diplomacy
than on war. His death, which took place on his
return from tfce Congress of Warsaw, and evi
deutly caused by mental agitation, by his decep?
tion and his fears, was one of those events which
never fail to happen during a great crisis, The
men who represent a certain policy, when this
policy comes to a dead stop, and they are unable to
?pen a new faith, both c rush themselves and aro
oruBhed by Providence. Immediately after the
death of Brandenburg.thc same measure which led
to the retreat of the Count of lladowitz was
adopted. A general levy of the landwher was
ordered, and Prussia placed on the footing bi war.
The greatest enthusiasm pervades this army.
In the midst of all the inflammable matter with
which Germany is covered, the decisions of diplo?
macy have only a very secondary plea. A conflict
is inevitable. Will this conflict bring on a general
European wart This, in my opinion, is the only
question which can now remain doubtful,
1 think that there has been tt talk of the inter?
vention of England, Trance and Russia to arrest
this conflict. But, on the one hand, I do not be?
lieve that England has a good understanding with
the other powers, nmi on the other hand, the im?
possibility of remaining in statu quo is too evi?
dent for the three powers in question to hope for
n pure and simple return to the state of things
ander the old Germanic Confederation. Prussia
baSfemerged from il ; she has been, if I may so
?ny, squeezed out ol it by the pressure of events .
she can only be brought back bj force, and before
yielding to force she will sacrifice her last man,
nor Inst dollar, and the last drop of her blood.
Without this the name of Prussia is forever
effaced from history. There are eases when
even the parties which are destined to become
arbiters permit the parties in contlii tto make use
of their own powers. 1 accordingly believe that
the two ancient elements of the liermauie Con?
federation are destined to meet in a serious
fltroggle. Europe will take part in this conflict;
as she took part in the conflict between Holland
and Belgium in lfiil? and lH.'ll. The intervention
will he a little later and will have for its effect to
ratify a decomposition of the ancient Germanic
Confederation. This time affairs will assume a
broatler shape ; and this is all. Prussia will yield
on the side of Holstein. This question even will
he soon settled. The mos! difficult problem will
be the decomposition ol Central Europe. But it
is inevitable.
As soon as a peace with Denmark shall be per?
fectly established the English diplomatists have
too much good sense not to prefer a grand Consti?
tutional State in Germany, as their ally against
the encroaching tendencies of Russia, to a thing
which 1 repeat it, is completely impossible, name?
ly, the return of Prussia and of ail Germany, now
free or greedy for emancipation, to the barrow of
the Austrian Slavonic alliance. Every thing in
this world has its time, und if there is any thing
nowdonewith.it is that part of the treaties of Vi?
enna against which Prussia has protested from
the beginning, and which it has thought only of
destroying on the first opportunity Prussia has
always deemed herself unjustly treated in the
Congress of Vienna nmi we need only cast nn eve
r>n tue programme to see that Hesse is precisely
the move which the diplomacy had perfidiously
prepared to create a weak point iu the long chai n
Which stretched from K?nigsberg to Cologne.
Prussia will not stnnd still to be cut in two.
The Message of Napoleon seems like a farewell
to his lmperiul preteusions. He keeps up a good
heart against fortune, and leaves to the Assem?
bly the responsibility of revising the Constitu?
tion, and the manner in which it.should be revised.
The position of atl'uirs is neither more clear nor
more open than it has been. The two powers con?
spire against each other, and both against tiie Re?
public. But they both make use, in their turn, of
the Republic to block each other, and if this came
continues it is evident that the Republic will have
the worst hand.
Is there anything serious at the bottom of the
religious agitation just now excited in England in
relation to the Roman Bull; which directly insti?
tutes a Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and
regularly organiies the Catholic Hierarchy I 1
believe that 1 have got hold of the real clue to all
this imbroglio, but as it is a question of great im?
portance, and one in which I have many new
views to develop, and 1 will make it the subject
of a special letter for next Friday.
Yours, faithfully, JirLKS EiECHAVAIiEBR.
Nariioav Ksc.m'e ok a Painting.?By late ad?
vices from D?sseldorf, we learn that Leitze'3
great picture of " Washington Crossing the De.
liware," had recently a very narrow escape from
destruction. The artist.it .appears, had just re?
moved to a new studio in Cuxhaven, near tho
railroad depot, where his work?a colossal paint
ing, Its' by 12 feet in dimensions?was rapidly ad?
vancing to completion. On the 5th of November,
while diligently employed on it, Leutite suddenly
discovered that the floor of the studio was burst?
ing into flame, and immediately afterward the
ball was filled with a cloud of smoke. In the be?
wilderment of the moment, thinking only of the
rescue of his picture, the artist seized a knife, cut
the canvas from its frame, hastily rolled it toge?
ther and dragged it out. The lire, which had
broken out in somo stables tinder the studio, w.is
extinguished by the laborers employed about the
I'Oraitro depi't.
ENGLAND.
The KcIIksouh Agitation-Whi? in tbc ( hnrrh,
and tvhnl i? I? Worth.
l.KTTKK FROM CffJRLKS LINK.
London, Saturday, Nov. 15, 1830
Deah FiUKND GitEKLEr?You dislike, I be?
lieve, the subject of Theology for newspaper *dis
ciipsian; and if you do not, 1 certainly do think
men Jeoiild better employ their leisure than in
protracting the conflict of words in the never-to
bc-scttled technicalities of religious modes of
thought. But if men of the progressive school
were ever so inclined to let Theology and the old
Church alone, the Church will not permit them.
The Church will hunt every soul that does not in?
stantly and entirely succumb to its domination.
The recent conduct of the Pope io again bringing
all England into his paternal embrace, has once
more brought the Church into prominence as a
public question. Vulgarly speaking, this has in?
deed heavenly authority, for never was there a
Ch
tisans
war.
ter, asks me u hat 1 mean by "[110 Church. I
think few would be in doubl,but for his benefit I may
describe it as any system or organization which,
assuming religion as its basis, draws limits around
the human mind. The Church has ever done and
now does this. Church or do Church is the ques?
tion of True Thought or .Menial Death. Science,
Art, Commerce, Literature, Poetry, Education,
propose the unlimited, the boundless expansion ol
mind, but the Church does not. The Church pre?
tends to know and to teach all truth, and conse?
quently would atop all progress, ami if allowed
its wny would consign the whole civilized world
to the condition of the wretched Irish peasant,
without even the miserable consolation of the
workhouse. 1 therefore feel with great force the
truth of the priest's assertion that " if we (the
priests] destroy not the press, the press will de?
stroy us.' The two can no more he free to act
together than night and day can exist together.
Thus, then, whether we like it or not, the Press
and the Church, the Old Church, must come into
opposition. You, gentlemen, in the United States,
may not very fully understand the importance of
this insight. You say that in your laud the press
is entirely free, yet the Church flourishes. Ah,
my good friends, how happy should we of the old
continent feel if we were afflicted with only such
a ghost, a shadow, of a Church as yours. Why, sir?,
we seem at least two centuries from a voluntary
Church, disconnected from the State, such as you
enjoy. Men are making a like stir in demanding
this separation, but the agitation goes coldly on
from the very hopelessness of the cause. You
know the Bishops of England once declared they
I were the breath of the King's nostrils. So the
: People of the United States, being the Monarch,
i the Church is a puppet in their hands. It is a
waxen creature' they can mold at will, and it
takes the shape they please in the hope, perhaps,
j some day, of gaining the upper hand. Yet 1 do
? not mean to say the Church in the United States
\ is altogether powerless, because even inanimate
' things which men make or hold in their hands
' have a reactive or a hinderative power on them?
selves. Above all, that branch of the Church
' called Roman Catholic, by reason that it is repub
! lican in its form, and of more prehensile grasp
tiian others, is likely to attain a modified power
i even in a country boasting of a free press. Still,
; beneath all this renewed theological agitation in
England, in which each party will try to pen as
! many sheep as it can, so that its rents may be
duly paid, I have faith that majesty and divinity
of mind has been sufficiently developed among us
I to prevent any serious retrogression.
Observers who looked the least beneath the
' surface have long perceived the assiduity of the
; Romish Church party. They have been coquet
: ting and shuffling a long time. 1 think now they
i have played their card too soon, und will lose the
, trick. The Church of England will play sharp to
' win it ; and by the aid of Lord .lohn Russell, who
1 is at present making political capital out of the
' controversy. 1 think the game may strengthen the
Church ol England for a season. If in considera
i tion of the vivacity which the newspapers dis
i play, ami the burning of the Roman Bishops in
effigy, you marvel at the inertiveof the British
people, bo assured it is not all the torpor of in?
difference, but their quietude is partly attributable
to philosophic faith.
Ye.?, Mr. Superstition, Philosophy is not faith
j less, nor unbrotherly, nor uncharitable ; but has
I faith in the advent of thr.t day when souls shall.
, the world over, be entirely free to think and to
love, without any one being obliged to pay. or
! any one being willing to receive, earthly wages
for their salvation from sin, vice or misery ; wheu
men shall blush and tremble at the mere thought
j of living on the toil and labor of other men,
! though joined with the pretense that they can, as
rulers, dole out earthly happiness, or, as priests,
secure us heavenly bliss.
Perhaps, in place of endeavoring to make such
: facts clear, though 1 do it in perfect love to all
men. it would be preferable to work to the same
' end in some other way, as, for instance, by aiding
! the cnuse of universal education. 1 can only say
j you are at equal liberty to suppress or print these
sentiments, and that I work in every good way I
[ can; und 1 think some one should be courageous
enough to declare important truths which many
: feel.
The Bishop of London declares he has faith
in the good sense of the English people to manage
i the Pope. 1 also have faith in the same article to
manage the Bishop, and every other mortal who
would circumscribe my mental life. I think the
' present crisis well worthy of observation from
your side, and have no doubt that poor apathetic
' John Bull will "come out rieht.''
Yours hopefully, CHAS. LANK
Thing** in Mobile.
Correspondence of The Tribune.
Mobile, Friday, November 22, ii;jc.
ltealestate here since its enormous and specu.
' lative rise in 'l>0 ami '117 has remained in a stag?
nant ami decayed condition ; the fair prospect of
the completion at some time, of the Mobile and
Ohio Railroad, the healthy slate and situation of
the town, a class of people less migratory than
those formerly resident here, among other reasons
have lately enhanced its value, and the probability
: now is, that we shall some time have a large as
1 we now have a respectable and quiet city ; there
j have been many buildings erected the last year, a
! dry ?lock built,'' The Soulhern Bank,'' o new one
: put in operation, and buildings generally have been
' repaired. We have had a day's rain, the river will
probably rise some and business commence ; it has
; till now been very dull. Cotton selling froml2j
; to 13$ cts. 1 attended a meeting id'the "South
? era Rights Association'' of this place a few eve
; nings since. J. A Campbell, one of the most dis?
tinguished lawyers of the Southern States, is the
President: a gentleman whose physiognomy and
personal appearance resemble more those of the
: talented editor of The Tribune, H. Q. than any
i man 1 ever saw; be spoke very calmly and forci
! bly, complained of the aggressions of the North,
! ami from the excitement on the subject of Slavery
in politics, churches and societies 'at the North,
drew the conclusion that the North would unceas
?' ingly encroach on the rights of the South, if Sou?
thern men did not take a bold and decided stand,
and resist, even to disunion, if driven to it, these
unconstitutional, unlawful and nullifying' agita?
tions; he was not for Disunion, hut to save" the
: Union he would assert and maintain their rights.
- Col. D. Chandler also addressed the meeting eh>
queutly, declaring that the Compromise, or the
acts of the last session of Congress, vielded all to
the North; that the admission of California with
her nnti-Slavery Constitution and the abolition of
the Slave trade in the District of Columbia were
insulting to the South and wrong in themselves
Southern men are not a!! of the same mind on the
subject.
A Frenchman and two Irishmen had a political
quarrel here a few nights since, in which the
Fretichmau was badly beaten, one of the Irish?
men killed, and the other not expected to live.
Our election for Mayor, Aldermen, Ac. is the iirst
Monday in December. The mail from the North
and East is very irregular, failing almost every
other day. I think I could telegraph you very
ADDITIONAL FOREIGN NEWS
BT THE E?ROPA.
??
ENGLAND.
Chnillhl and fuciul Manifesto.
We find in the I^ndon Leader the following
.T,5ro.to nf a now Combination nmone the En
the
be era
rn eaid
wonld
iuimc
ed "that the members ol the Chartist hody
uch more numerous than those of nay other
ations ami should, therefore, return more
ers to the Council." Truly; but there can
doubt that, without introducing so great an
ilitv of numbers, the Charter will receive
support as the primary object of the Union
frage ns one of their leading princip.es; and at
the Conference none gave a more prompt and
hearty support to the People's Charter, "name
and all,'' than the representatives o' the Social
i?tS- , , ITT
We now, refer the whole matter to you. We
e that the several Associations should
! call their own mem hers together, to
take the proposed Union into consideration.?
Where no Societies at present exist, public meet?
ings may be called for the same purpose.
ance" p8f the" Charter, circumstances have mate?
rially altered: several obstacles to the power
and "well-being of the People have, in part or
wholly, lost their force. Although the organiza?
tion c'f the people abroad has proved too imperfect
finally to establisn 'heir power, it has made itself
felt, and the time has passed when the people is
forgotten in the councils of State. Nor is it re?
membered only by the bounty of Princes and
Ministers; the people is remembered because it
bos been felt to he a power in the State ; and as
such it is respected. At the same time, the con?
duct of the people generally has disarmed the
li ars of those who dreaded popular power, and in
this country the opponents of Universal Suffrage
have enormously dwindled in numbers and confi?
dence. ; ..
Concurrently with these great chances ol opin?
ion among influential classes heretofore opposed
to us, opinion has been unsettled on other (pies
tions oi the grentcst moment. More than one
class is moving toward a radical change' of taxa?
tion. The tenure of land, even the right of indi?
vidual property in it, is questioned ; the conflicts
of protection tind free trade have left both parties
without the supreme good they expected, an 1
they are obliged to dig deeper into the land ttsell
for the root of the evils that distract the country.
A new school oi political economy is displacing
the cold-blooded Malthusian school which has ad?
ministered the poor-law tor sixteen years.
We feel, therefore, that the time has come
when the people may reach forth its hand to take
possession ot power. Tho first object ol the Na?
tional Charier and Social Reform Union will he
to complete the political right of the People, by
moving for tbe enactment of the People's Charte.-;
and an advance reicht now he made with a great
increase ol support?a grenr. oin.iiiuiion 01 resist?
ance ; even our most inveterate enemies abating
their confidence in themselves. At the Bame time
the opportunity might be seized of giving such a
shake to the !o";:d of taxation which oppresses the
People, that it shall soon be lightened, and not
slowly be made to fall into a.juster settlement.
And the State can he made to recognize tho right
of everv man to labor, or to subsistence from the
State, while bad laws feller his labor and with?
hold him from the land to which lie is horn. The
People might obtain for itself, even anticipating
the tardy law-making of Parliament, instant ac?
cession of power, sadden growth of influence over
the Councils of the Stute, and rapid improvement
in material well being.
The things wanted for this glorious movement
are knowledge and union among the people of the
0] portunity which lies before it?union id" all who
are earnest in the service of the people. It is
within the power of those who act for the people
to form the nucleus of such a united national party
as shall conduct the world at last to freedom.
Whiter Cooper, Ceo. j. Holyoake, Thornton Hutu,
G.W, M. Reynolds, .Mm Sliuw,' Kdniond Stalewood,
Istuic Wilson, John Fusseli,, Cnairnian,
John Arnott, Secretary.
14 Southampton-tt. Strand, Nov. 13, 1850.
P.S.?We have appointed John Arnott, Secre?
tary of the National Charter Association, of 14
Southampton-street, Strand, London, our Return?
ing ol'.icer, to whom all decisions?allirmative or
negative?relative to the proposed "National
Charter and Social Reform I Fnion," must be sent on
or before Wednesday, the 27th day of November
next ensuing.
o
FRANCE.
President'? Measure.
Wo give two more sections of this document:
INTERIOR.
The important laws that the gravity of events
obliged you to adopt contributed powerfully to re?
establish confidence, because they proved the
force ol the Assembly and the Government when
they are in perfect accortl.
The Administration, on its side, redoubled its
vigor, and the functionaries, who appeared neither
capable nor sufficiently devoted to the dilficult
mission of conciliating without weakness and of
repressing without party spirit, were dismissed ;
others, on the contrary, were promoted or recom?
pensed.
The municipal authority, so salutary when its
fiction was frankly united"to that of the Executive
Power, drew on itself very justly, in manv com?
munes, grave reproaches". 4?.l mayors and 183
adjoints bad to be dismissed; and if all those who
have remained unequal to their functions have not
been similarly treated, the cause is in the imper?
fection of the laws.
To remedy this defect the Council of State has
already commenced the examination of a project
of law ; but it is difficult to conciliate the munici?
pal franchise with tbe unity of action?the true
force of the centra! power.
The National Guard, the useful auxiliary against
internal and external enemies when it is well or?
ganized, acted but too often in a sense contrary
to the object of its institution, and obliged us to
dissolve it in 1?J towns and communes; in line,
in al! places where it presented the character of
an aimed corps deliberating. The tribunals have
worthily seconded che Government. The magis- i
tracy has displayed great energy in enforcing the !
?-C^C( !'-0nj1?I l'le 'BWS Rm* PttnlsnU3S those who [
To secure order in more agitated provinces, ex?
tensive commands, comprising several military
divisions, have been created, and powers more
enlarged have been confided to experienced gen?
erals. On all sides the army has given its con?
course with that admirable devotedness peculiar
to it, and everywhere the gendarmerie has accom?
plished its mission with a zeal worthy of all
praise. Agitation has been calmed in die co in
trv districts by putting a restraint on the detest?
able propaganda which were exercised bv the
primary teachers. Several of these hate-bepti
occupied with an argent repression, the Govern?
ment has adopted all that seemed to it proper to
ameliorate Li e situation of the country
spite of the difficulty of circumstances,
crty-tax has been reduced by 07,000,00?
ject of organization of credit, the app.n- nt.un ui
which will be still more facilitated by the mort
pBpe reform, has been submitted to you. The
laws relative to the caisscs de rr.trait,'and mutual
in ,
>f the prei
graphs submitted at this n
tent to Algeria, Hure still remain, unhappily,
without counting the June convicts, 3IJ persons
condemned for pojitical offenses in the prisons of
France. The interdiction of labor in the prisons
ha.l aggravated the condition of the prisoners.
The decree of the 0th January, 1819, has not
remedied the evil. A project ol law which pro?
se rves the interests of society, and those of the
prisoners, has been submitted to the Council of
State. When it is adopted the Government will
utilize as much .is possible this numerous class in
agricultural works. The well-being and the morals
ol the adult prisoners, the cellular penitentiary
system, the improvements of the regime of the
central prisons, continue to be studied in a serious
manner; and soon the Government will demand
from the Assembly the means of creating model
agricultural colonies for these adults, in virtue of
the law of the 5th of August.
A project of law will be presented to you for
the relief of the remains of our armies of the Re?
public and the Empire, who are now without re?
sources, political events having deprived them of
their rights, and because it is unworthy of a groat
nation to leave such men any longer in a state of
misery.
FINANCES.
The ensemble of this policy has considerably im?
proved our financial situation.
The accounts of 1848 have been submitted to
you, and you have been made acquainted with
the definitive condition ofthat budget.
It was for a moment thought that the budget of
18-IH, by reason of certain circumstances, unfore?
seen at the moment it was voted, would impose
on the Treasury a charge of about 300,000,0001'.
Thanks to the progress of the revenue and to the
economy introduced in the different services, this
deticit, it may be now affirmed ; will be reduced
to nearly 100,000,000.
Everything leads us to hope that the presumed
deficit of the budget of 185? will be sensibly di?
minished, and that, the equilibrium announced for
1851 will he realized; the aseendintr progress of
the indirect revenue is sustained; the first nine
months of 1850, compared with the corresponding
months of last year, give an advantage of more
than 28,000,000f. The indirect contributions, the
tariffs of which have not been modified, and
which stand for more than lii,UU0,UCOf. in this in?
crease, attest the resumption of affairs and the
amelioration in the condition of the working
classes.
Peace and internal order have produced other
fruits. The funds deposited in the Savings Hanks
from the 1st of January, 1849, exceed the with?
drawals by liU,1)00,0001.
The amount of the portfolio of the Hank, which
had successively fallen beneath 100,000,0001'., is
raised, and on the 7th of the present month it
pnssed the sum of 135,000,000f. By suppressing
the forced circulation of bank notes, you have
had reiison to count on the rci stablishmcnt of
confidence; and facts have fully justified this grave
measure. The return to the primitive statues
has reduced neither the extent nor the importance
of the circulation.
If the produce of the Customs lias experienced
some diminution, the difference arises from acci?
dental causes which you all know, and which are
referrible to salt and colonial sutrars; but consid?
ered in the winde, our international commerce;
after a serious depression in 1848, was raised in
1849 by a rnpid and sustained movement. Ab?
stention made of the extraordinary introduction
of grain in 18-17, we nre in advance on this very
year, both as to the value of tin- imports and ex?
ports, and the number and tunnage of ships.
The collection of direct contributions is being
executed with remarkable punctuality. On the
3d of Sept. last a third of the 12th only was in ar
rear; this is much less than in periods of greater
prosperity.
These happy changes in the totality of financial
facts will have permitted from 1849 to 1851, that
is to say, for the space of three years, in spite of
the reduction of many important taxes, to endow
the country with nearly 260,000,000 worth of pub?
lic works, to relieve the lower classes of traders,
to remit 27,000,000 to agriculture, to pay punctu?
ally uli the expenses ol the budgets in deficit;
and to arrive at length, as is our earnest desire
and our lirm hope, to establish a balance between
the annual charges and resources of the State.?
These results will have been obtained without
requiring an extraordinary aid from credit and
without imposing on the Treasury exaggerated
advances.
The country, gentlemen, has undoubtedly tiic
sentiment of tins improved situation. Each has
j been enabled to recognize that the finance;! of the
j State, which last year figured in the first rank in
the preoccupations of public opinion, arc at this
I day very far from inspiring the same apprehen
! sio'ns. I announce with satisfaction this progress,
j It is the recompense of the good spirit of the pop
I ulation and of the common efforts of the Govern
j ment and of the Assembly. It wiil be an encour
; agement for all of us.
j After issuing from the unpleasant system of the
provisional twelfths, the Government has thought
its honour interested in reenteringcompletely into
a more regular course.
The budget of 1851 has been voted at a useful
; period, and that of 1852 will be presented to you
i at the commencement of next year.
A degree of perfection, thut has been for some
time past a crreat disideratum, has been just real?
ized in the system of pablic accounts. The dura?
tion of the exercises has been by a recent decree
shortened by two months. Favorable, at the
same time, to the Treasury aud to its creditors,
this measure will accelerate the liquidation and
the payment of the debts of the State, and will
rei.der"more easv the formation and the audit of I
the accounts. " . j
In order to enter into the views of the Assembly,
the Administration has undertaken, and nearly
terminated, the reorganization of all the Arron- j
dissements of collection This great labor, which !
will have for result the successive suppression, by
means of extinction, of 1,500 employes, will be
followed by a considerable saving.
Ihree prejects of law, on matters worthy of
your consideration, will soon be submitted toyuu.
One, conceived in the interest of agriculture,
commerce, and industry, has for its object to free
the Administration of Canais by means of the re?
demption of actions de jouissaitce?shares of pref?
erence?impetiiments which result from the cottier s
rf- charge? the conditions of the contract.
The other regulates the general affair of pen?
sions.
The third demands of the Assembly the ways
and means necessary to effect, with the view of a j
better repartition of" the property tax, a new vain- j
ation of territorial revenue. We shall propose to j
yon a combination which, while maintaining the j
actual produce of the fam.ost, will relieve su . z-is
GERMANY.
Tne Warsaw Contcreuce.
^The proceedings at the Warsaw Conferen. es.
and heir results, have been very confusedly
to arrivfl at i id a \ A k" extremely difficult
,h.rr'V'ri ? i t ,,mtl> ut>derstandingof
ine position taken upby the two great powers at
Cl :s- A review. t!,en, of these pr
ceedtngs, based upon actual (acts, will be of ereat
service atthis crisis. Prussia whs represented
at these conferences by Count Brandenburg and
Dj Herr von tiocnow, the Prussian Ambassador
at "i V> e*er8?ar? ' ^astr"1 ?y Count -Nesselnde,
anl Russia by Baron Meyendorff. The Empe?
rors of Austria and Russia were also present.
The subjects to be discussed iind previously been
decided in confidential negotiations between Ber?
lin ami Vienna, and a kind of programme Bad
been drawn up containing the demands ot both
Governments. From this programme a mutual
foundation for an undcrstan ling between Austria
end I russia was to be drawn, which was to be
to
ami Prussia
4 The aei
inions, thou
the Austrian
to be Bavaria. Tins is, I beli
ibers of the
t should her
I should have
mint Austria
tation; tie acceptation ot the last was accom
panied by the remark that the right of free union
alluded to was already sanctioned by paragraph
11 of the Bundesakt of 1815. In return tor sanc?
tioning these points, Austria demanded as prelimi?
nary conditions to a final understanding.
1. The total abandonment of the constitution of
v. That Prussia should leave untouched the
Bund in its present position and not opposo the
resolutions of the assembly sitting in Frankfort.
With regard to the free conference Austria re?
quired that the form in which the Vienna confer?
ences of 1845 took place should bo formally adopt?
ed. Austria presided at these conferences. The
results to possess the character of a binding fed?
eral resolution, and to be published like the Vien?
na final convention. To these preliminary con- ;
ditibns thus put by Austria, Count Brandenburg
replied in the name of Prussia, that she was,not
in a position to permit any one sided alteration to
be made in the protocol of the 35th sitting of the
provisional college of princes (8th of Oct.) and
that with regard to the assembly in Frankfort it
could not possibly he recognized as the Bunds Ver?
sammlung, hut that its existence would not be oh
jeeted to. The nnswer to the Austrian refusals
of the first and third points was reserved. Very
long and warm discussions are represented to ha re
taken place, hut without producing any chance in
the intentions of either party, and the conference
separated without coming to any actual decision.
The Emperor of Russia declared, however,
that if the Prussian Government should afterward
agree to the Austrian deaiauds, lie would gua?
rantee the fulfillment of the programme as it would
tl en stand. Your readers will now perceive the
real state of affairs at the beginning of the month,
and a few words more will show clearly the
origin of the present crisis. Herr Von Radowitz
read to the cabinet a long memorial, in which he
explained his views on the conditions appended
by Warsaw to the acceptance of the points of the
programme presented in Warsaw, and on her re?
jection of points ! and II. The late Minister of
Foreign Aflairs declared that, the Constitution of
the Erfurt Union could not be abandoned. The
honor of Prussia and her- position in Germany
would, in consequence, receive a deep and incu?
rable wound, nut! the whole of the Governments
belonging to the Union would fall off, all sympa?
thy in the nation would ho lost. He farther de?
clared that in the affairs of Sleswig-Holstein ami
the Electorate of Hesse Cassel, no further propo?
sitions than those already derided upon could
with honor be made to Austria. The latter he
considered as the vital question, and proposed
therefore to the King and his colleagues the fol?
lowing points :
1. Prussia remains immovable by the declara
! tion that though ready to accede to a mutual so?
lution of the Hessian question, she could not per?
mit the occupation of the electorate in obedience
to n soi disant federal resolution.
if Bavarian troops enter the electorate, that
mow ment to be immediately followed by the en?
try of the Prussians.
3. If the former remain in the neighborhood of
Hanau, this one for the time being not to be at?
tacked.
4. If they possess themselves of greater por?
tions of the Electorate, and particularly of Cassel,
before the Prussian troops can reach it, the Pros
t sian commander in chief is to be guided solely by
the military considerations of force ant! position,
in order to repulse the enemy at the suitable mo
ment.
5. According to the latest information, not only
Bavarian troops are concentrated in Franconia,
but that also very large Austrian forces, from all
parts of the Empire are being concentrated in
forced marches on our frontiers, the mobilisation
of the Prussian army in the central points, or?
deret! by the King, shall be decreed.
ti. To'forward a declaration to Vienna, that far
from any aggressive desire, Prussia has been coin
pelled to mobilise her army in consequence of the
threatening measures adopted by the Austrian
government, and to transmit a similar explanation
to the other European courts.
7. With the mobilisation there shall appear a
rojal manifesto explaining the position of affairs.
8. The convocation of the chambers shall take
place with the least possible delay.
These propositions, though well received by the
Kir.g and the Prince of Prussia, were opposed by '
the majority of the Cabinet, on the ground that the
military demonstrations desired by Herr v?n Rad?
owitz w ere never had recourse to bnt in case of
war, and that ! hey were unnecessary if fresh ne?
gotiations w< :e to be commenced, and the Minis?
ter for Fere' _,n Affairs therefore on the 2d resigned
his portlu ; On the 3rd his resignation was ac?
cepted by the King, and on the same day dis?
patches were forwarded to Vienna, intimating the
adhesion of Prussia t t the Austrian proposals.?
On the morning of the 6th, Count BernstorfT tele?
graphed from Vienna that Prince Schwarzenberg
declined any turther negotiations that were not
preceded by the total evacuation of Hesse Cassel
by the Prussian troops, and threatened, unless than
condition were complied with, to cause military
measures tobe employed to enforce it. This threat
was on the same day replied to by this govern?
ment with a royal order lor the mobilisation of the
whole army ai.d the Landwehr. The immediate
commencement of hostilities seemed imminent,
when yesterday, the 9th, fresh dispatches arrived
from Vienna, the nature of which has been allud?
ed to above. I hope that this narrative will place
the situation of the two powers clearly before the
public.
Kesponsc to the .Elector of Hesse Cassel. i2
Gassei., November 6.?The Neue Hessische
Z< ilnns publishes a declaration of the remaining
Members of the Representative Committee, in
answer to that of the Elector, which was dated
Wilhelmsbad, October 28, lt-50.
A declaration, countersigned by the Ministers
of the Elector, gives open testimony that the peo?
ple of the Electorate of Hesse never failed in
latth to their Sovereign. Yet the same declara?
tion announces that Austrian and Bavarian troops
are marching in in execution of the decree of the
Diet, in order to secure the fulfillment of the or
tiers which were issued in September, and to sup?
port the state of war suspended over the country.
Thus the Min.sters have broken and delivered
ap to foreign powers the authority of the Sov
?: iitx Tbey ~a. :c the reins of the Government
to pass from the hand, of the Ejector into thofleof
the Commis.ior.erot an assembly of GoVeramaat
1 lenipotenttanes, who have attributed to them
raft" thrl tltle ?f "A"?m% of OenS,
Diet. The next consequence of this has been
the occupation of the conntrv by foreign trooos
In onr aeclaration of the o.'th of September we
have already, agreeing herein with the lan Uepre
tentative Ass< mbly, own that the formerly ex"
istiiig Assembly of the Diet was lawfully afc.
solved, and recognized i.s dissolved, by the fror?
eminent cf the country, and has not since been
established by any 1? w or any other a :t binding
wrthe Electorate of Hesse.
, We therefore, at that time declared that wc
- o ud look upon any interference of the Fraak
lort Assembly w iih the affairs of the Electorate
as an attempt against the security and indepea
I ; ? "i. the State, and we clainie 1 the protection
oi ine rights of nations against it. lu pursuance
,f tbl ^' Wft,c".l> to watch over the interests
representatioi-, we must point out the
Frankfort Assembly] as an uniust tA^taatHta
hie attack.
\V?- nourish the earnest expectation tl -t in o i
' r .i ti i- i;V-'\ ?no, w"' remain conscious
which on the side ol tee people has never beet:
: l3t ' ? ? ? ? s '. its 'tS'1' b i s,1 ag-^itjt,
law or Government. The servants of the State
of every dettree. true to the oath which they
swore lor the safeguard and maintenance of the
((institution, mindful of the precept which is con
tamed in it. that no order or injunction is-to contain
anything which is contrary to the law, have in
" proceedings clung tightly to the law and to the
Constitution ; ll any person should fail in his duty
in this respect, the courts are in full activity, and
have always decided, as the Constitution directs,
without any foreign influence, according to estab?
lished rights and constitutional law. The whole
nation strongly an.! proudly holds fast to the ban?
ner of the Constitution, on which alone the pow?
er and consideration ol the Government depend
are rooted). It cannot be the will of Germany to
I Account of the I'ruaainn Army,
Tie Pniccinti arm oil ?,??..-> !? ,,,-.,?,,;. ,
i iii rrussmu u .neu ,out, is organized me
i corps d'armie, including the corps pi (luardj.
Each line corps consist.- ol two divisions of infan?
try and two brigades of cavalry; each infantry
: division of two brigades . and i ach brigade of two
regiments of tie line of three battalions euch, and
? two regiments of Laudwohrof three battalions.
Each brigade of oa\ airy consists of two regiments
of four squadrons. To this must he added a hri
' gade of artillery, consisting of three divisions,
famishing on the war footing a totnl of twelve
foot and three horse batteries, each of eight guns,
j or 120 in all. The following detail will, however,
; give a better idea of the total strength, premising
that all regiments of infantry have four companies
of 350 men, all squadrons 200 horses: The re?
spective arms of the eight line corps give a total
of 223 000 infantry, 38,000 cavalry, 29,000 artillery,
and 1,080 field-pieces, or a general total of 290,000
fighting men. To this must he added the corps of
Guards, consisting of l regiments of.'! battalions,
! Landwehr regiments of 3 battalions, i Russian
regiment of battalions, 2 rille battalions, C cav.
airy regiments of ! squadrons each, and a brigade
of :i divisions of artillery, giving, with sappers
nnd miners and pontoon "brigade, a total of .'(.s.OO?
men. The total force of tho nine corps d'armie,
including Landwehr first and second class, gives,
in round numbers, three hundred and twenty five
thousand men, with upward of 1,000 Held pieces.
As regards the latter, however, it would not be
possible, for some time nt least, to brim: niora
than 600 or 650 pieces into tho field, or somewhat
in the ratieof 2 guns per 1,000 men.
SPAIN,
linlloon Asccn-don.
A Mr. Orlandi made a balloon ascension at Har
celona on Oct. 27. As no news was obtained of
him for two days, great uneasiness wasjfelllest ho
should have met with the same unhappy fate as
.Monsieur Arban. He had, however, a very nar?
row escape of his life. The balloon wa* wafted
over the snow-covered mountains of V allvidrera,
where it was enveloped in a thick mist, now and
then pierced by lightning. The intrepid leronaut
was covered with a thick coating of hail, that fell
incessantly. Having ascended above the elbad,
ho caught another glimpse of the sun, und, seeing
that the wind changed in a southwesterly direr.
tion.be resolved to descend to tho earth, which ha
could not in the least distinguish.
The wind drove tho balloon with terrible ve?
locity, and at last it fell into the sea, where M.
Orlandi, holding last by the ropes, managed tu
keep himself above water during three hours,
when he was washed on shore at ten at night, his
balloon being carried out to sea agnin. Alter two
two hours spent on the cold sand, he recovered
hit; strength sufficiently to get up and look out lor
shelter. He was stopped by one of the coast?
guard, who had like to have shot him as a smug?
gler or a bandit, but who recognizing him as the
man of the balloon, (et I,ombre del globe) took
him to a village ami put him to bed. A subscrip?
tion has been set on foot for him, as, with the loss
of Iiis balloon, he has boen deprived of his only re?
source.
ITALY.
Itonmn Finances.
The Roman Journal of the 'list ult. publishes a
decree of Cardinal Antonelli, dated the 'JHth, insti?
tuting a financial Conaulta, of which the members
are to be chosen by the Pope out of a list of foar
names submitted to him by the Provincial Coun?
cils. His Holiness is to appoint other members,
ns well as the President, who is to be a Cardinal,
tn.d a Vice-President, who is to be a prelate. In
order to be elected, it ia necessary to be it) years
of age, to possess the knowledge necessary, and
lo be known to enjoy a good political nnd religions
character. The eligible must likewise he the
owner of a landed property worth 10,000 scudi, or
of a capital of 12,000 scudi lodged in the public
securities, or be a Hector, Professor, or member
j of n College of the L nivcrsity, and possess a landed
property of [2,000 scudi. The Pope has tie: right
? of dissolving the Consults. The latter examine*
' and revises the budgets of receipts and expendi?
tures, gives its opinion on the creation and sup?
pression of debts, taxes, adjudications, toe reform
of the tariffs, encouragement to agriculture; hulas,
try and trade, and the financial elanses of com?
mercial treaties. The discussions of the Consults
ine sen t. The members are named for six yean,
and one third is to be renewed every two years.
The olliee of Councillor is gratuitous, but the Pro?
vincial Treasury is to accord him a sum for trav?
eling expenses and his sojourn in the capital.
TURKEY.
The Blowing Up of a Tlirec-Decltrr Mne
Hundred Llv.es i.oxt.
Constantinople, Oct. 25.?A most dreadful
estastrophe, attended withgreat lbs* of life) his
just occurred. The Nein Shevket, ship of the
line, of 1--0 guns, bearing the flag of {.be, Grand
Admiral, was totally destroyed by an explosion
of its powder-magazine on ?be 23d ins:. This
.'rcntUul accident occurred in the Arsen:?'; at about
ten minutes past 10 A M. and was sotern?c as to
have been heard at a great distance. It is
surmised by well-informed persons of the Admi?
ralty that it is owing to accident. The most rea?
sonable rumor is, that it is owing to negligence,
as several canisters <a the powder conveyed to
the magazines on shore were in a bad condition,
ami a quantitv of this combustible was spilled.
It is likely the lower deck was not swept, and
some dull mariner emptied tho contents ol hi*
pipe on the floor, when naturally it formed a tram
and running to the powder magazine, caused an
instantaneous explosion, which was so power
ful that it divided the ship into two parts, ana
biew up the upper deck with the guns and nggis,
full 25 feet in the air. This part fell sideways mte
the sea, and disappeared for a few minutes, w
lower deck was then observed to catch lire and
bum with intense violence for seven mm a el,
v. hen the ship gradually sank- Immediately alt?
the explosion hundreds of kaika and embarcatioa*
repaired to the scene of disaster and a number 01
mutilated remains, showing but little resembling
to human beings, were picked up. Of tho M
taken to the temporary ambulance erected on
shore, '.<t> died immediately after; and most otto*
sufferers were in such a dreadful condition that no
hope whatever was entertained of their recovery
One poor fellow, a lieutenant, was picked up
nearlv drowned, fearfully burnt, and with a spute
through his shoulder. He died six minutes altar
having been conveyed to the ambulance. A ga?
lant Armenian porter had both his legs cut clew
olf, and still courageously dictated a letter to hi*
.... ther, informing her of his sad fate. Thousand*