New-York daily tribune. [volume], February 05, 1852, Page 6, Image 6

About New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
WASHINGTON.
The Cemyremtae aavl the Presidency.
Ot?k nd*. ee h Tb. n y TnHoee
WiaSHBIIIS Monday, reb. ?. IM
The Fugitive Slave Law U in the way ef
?lecting a Whig President. mmammmmmmm
People hill about the" Compromise measure,
und so confuse me.', m.nd. about 0 U.ng
eehtchtn .tMin.vety.iu.fi? *nd Plam. rivc.c.
were brought under thi. head and passed, to wit:
lat Anaet for the admission of California. 2d. An
act establishing Territorial Government, for our
acqui.tions from Mexico. lid. An act for the set?
tlement of the Texas Boundary. Ith. An act
abolishing the Slave Trade in ih" District ol
Columbia. 9th. An act fjr returning Fugitive
Shares.
Two of these acts are not open to legislative
action. Wc cannot turn Calilornia out of the
Vnion, and we cannot legislate ten millions of
money cut of the breeches pocket of Texas into
our own. In the first place she couWnt pay it if
abe wou'd, and in the second, she would nt if she
could.
A third act is one for establishing Territorial
Governments for New-Meaico and Utah. This
was passed without the "Proviso,'1 and was re?
ally the only act upon which any great contro?
versy waa waged. In this the South had her
own way. It is a snoot asjjgootjve and profoki ig
subject for comment, but we withstand the temp
tation and remain baton! The question in re
gard to it has been dropped for two reasons
first, because the Fugitive Slave law to ex-if 1
the resentment of the North, that it quite forgot
the " Proviso" for the period i:nme<liate!y follow?
ing the passugc of the measures, an J, second,
because the conviction has grown general that
Slavery will not go Into New-Mexico and Utah
Thue acquiescence in this act prevails even in
those on^er^r- -i.>? ?.outet deter umation
to uphold and adhere to the " Proviso" exiated.
A fourth act is the one abolishing the Slave
trade in the District, for which nobody now
carea, arid nobody ever did care. It is a small
att upon a small subject, answering a very
small purpose.
And thus it is that the Fugitive Slave Lau. the
fifth and last of the series, and that alone, really
survives, and has an active existence of all the
much bruited " Compromise Measures." Gov.
Davis, in his late Speech in the Senate, deOMM
etr ted this Inet at length in a most conclusive
manner. Her.ce it is, WO make the declaration
that this law ia the only thing in the way of
electing a Vt big Preside at.
Why it 10 so, is plain enough, as we will show.
The Southern W hips, ever since the passage ol
the Compromise measures, have been lighting
their battles on that platform. Their newspa?
pers, members of the Slate Legislatures, tne li?
ber a ol Congress, stu i p spetkers in genera!,
have all planled themselves upon these mea?
sures. They have given them lh( ir out and out
support, through thick and thin. Th?\ have
sustained the:n as the leading measures of a
Whig Administration,and l>y them they luve
elected to stand or fail.
Here arises the diiliculty. The Compromise
measures, as we have s. en. boing rt solved into
the Fugitive Slave Law, an ! the Whig party of
the Southern State? having Man ted itaell
thereon, (and not having vet recovered from the
hee.ts ol the recent contest OB the Blftvt ry (000'
tit P.) it deems U. e l under the BClfOseltJ of light
ing tin1 l're.-n i ntiel battle on |ho same BMOt .
and imagines that BO candidate will serve the
purpose of uniting arid carrying the party, mi
lesS he make pu t* station in advance that he il
a " Compromise " man , which me ms, in other
wouls, that he i> a firm supporter of the exist
ing Fugitive Slave Law.
A\ow ?o long as the Bouthora Whigs hold on
to ilils coiivicilon, just so ion g there cm Be DO
union of Northen and Southern \V1i!;ts on a
1'it aideiitnil candidate , und of course, consider?
ing the political complexion of the HoUSO, there
ran 1?p BO < I? ctem oi B Whig President. And
Ihne it com* s that the Fugitive Siavp Law stands
in the way ol thai result.
It is well known that the Northern Whigs,
as well as all parties.it the North, entertain a
gnat r<pugiiaiice to the provisions ol tin Fugi
live Slave Law . Anv law lor returning rut aw ay
negroes would he dtstantofnl enough, batt thoex
?sting law is (specially and justly odi.uts For
this reason, no Whig Presidential candidate
could hope to carry a single Northern State, if
he wire to run as a special advocat? and sup?
porter oi that law j in a word, und softly speak?
ing, if he were to run as a " Compromise " can
dad ate.
But there is no noooanhsn doubt oi the ability
ol Gen Si on to carry every Northern State
that went lot Ceii. Tis i oi: , frith add!'.ion Of
Ohio into the bargain, n ho were run without
reference to this issue. Such is the conviction
ol the be.-t inhumed men liom all those States.
All that is wanted to insure a moral certainty ot
hta election, therei.ire, is the support of the
Southern W hlg !
And so it becomes a question solely for South?
ern Wliiga to decide w hether or not we shall
have a Whig President at the next election.
Il they insist upon incorporating such a new an !
ridiculous test into the code of the Whig party
as (not adherence to the Coiistiuuiyu, Bjfit adher?
ence to a ptopet Fugitive Slave law even.)
the suppott 11 a certain sp.ecilic, cxistim;, dele,
tive. repulsive law, then it is inevitable that the
Whv pari) i> umlered and deteated. And \ nt
is we>rse than that, it is t dually inevitable that a
gicat sectional party willuuc upon its ratio.
Il o ro, oil the contrary, if the Wlu^ ; ?r. \urth
and South will consent to discard ait such ridic?
ulous, temporary issues as the one alluded to,
ami will rally to the support ot Gen. Scoi r as
they did lo the support of Gen. T\\ nott. stand?
ing upon then ancient and well known doctrine-,
and the well established character ol their can?
didate, then w rl ther pteserve the unity and the
nationality ol the party ; and if they cannot, by
MOSUli ol the compositum oi Wen. i, s>, shape the
policy of the country on domestic questions, the y
will ft least hold the reins as to the foreign policy
Of the Government, and act as a e< rtai . check to
all vicicus legislation, and | reserve a pure :i !?
u. lustration of OBI national affhita,
This state of the case is no less novel ihan it
is tine Here is the fate of a great amity, and
by ccctseqttenrc, perhaps the late oi a nation,
hanging upon the prareiejasnj oilaw, run through
Congress as om imgf.t leap a horse over a ditch,
at a single bound, without thought and without
examination. The Fugitive Slave law was
never discussed am! nev, r made a matter of any
epecial account in all the discussions ot the
time It was not a principal or .. conspicuous
flower even in that admired bouquet prepared by
Messrs. Foots, Clay & Co. for preeentation to
the country; whose soj Mal? od mob re t com.
poae ail the nervous ai!? ol the natron. It was sim?
ply a green sprig ti cked in behind lo give variety
and relief to its general appe arance. It was mere,
ly a little liuead thrown in?o |lj ^ers
knnole to make up the stufls thnrein contained
And as quack doctors and j iv:i? hh :;?.:.- roataV
ore in forming their vilhrnou, gayapgMarJaj, iU{
in a little of this anil a little of that herb, aweet
flap, yellow dock, dandelion, thistle flower, and
ertb r harmlcs ingredients, to give an imposing
air ?>f potency to th.; all hcaiwg sassafras, or
other staple of their medicine | ?o in this case
was the Fugitive Slave law sprinkled into the
Comproniae mess; of which the whole body
ar,d soul was the law establishing the Territorial
'."?venimenta lasweeaal the Wilmot Proviso. The
fugitive law received absolutely no considefh
tion and no examination, and was not debated or
hardly alluded to in the final passage; of the se?
ries of measures at last borne on a rushing tor?
rent through Cor.gress.
Pascal somewhere remarks that if Cleopatra's
nese had 1-een shorter, the fate of the world
might have been changed. Suould it so turn
out that tins law, in consequence of a few over,
looked, wicked provisions, maliciously, and al
rrcst stealthiiy inserted, ehould be the cause of
the un It ward Htults we have already hinted at
it would cn!y he aLOthcr added to the catalogue
of the instance s in which small and un?uspectevl
causes have produced great results Lathe world's
history, from the fall of Troy downward.
Put we have faith to believe that the Whigs of
the South will, in good time, see am! acknowl?
edge the impossibility that the Whig party can
run a Presidential candidate, or the narrow and
mean issue of adherence to the letter of the Fu?
gitive Slmrlaw; and cease to intimate that
such a course is essential to success in the
South. Wo shall be slow to believe that any
(iordian knot attaches the Whig party to any
such chariot as this. But if it be so, wc are
ready fgfl the sword of any political Alexander
which shall cut it. J. s. p.
Tennes1 ke?Congressional Apportion?
ment.?The following is the Apportionment of thi?
State for Members of Congreea henceforth
which has been reported to the House by the
(Whig) rnmority of the proper Committee, and
will probably he enacted :
ltH4. 1851. 1800.
i ote tor Chaaa? Trout- Ass*
Dill. Count'!.* Clav Tvtk Uli. dolt. l&Uon.
I..Caller.... 739 177.. 777 90S.. 6236
Cocke.?41 187.. 980 245.. 8300
("ranger... 808 848..1110 675..12370
Greese_1031 1701..1144 1084..17894
Hawkins.. 117.1 1388..1236 1313..13370
JelTe-rsem..l5G3 217..160? 940..13304
Johnson .. 370 70.. 195 84.. 7701
Stills an . 850 1533.. 383 .1450..11743
Washmgt'n^_1225..JW1 ]|,,| .j>u;]
Total... 7,949 7,085.8,700 7,150100,672
II.. Anderson . 690 385.. 659 381.. r,n36
Campball.. 334 318.. 405 107.. 0000
Claiborne.. 578 857.. 655 819.. 9360
IVntress... CO 150.. 184 193.. 4AM
Hancock ..(New Co.).. .. SfjfJO
box.2015 507..2223 633..18773
Marion_ 603 381.. 517 389*.. Gill
Overtoil... 936 111... 101 1999..
Roanc .... 900 739.. 999 754..19185
Scott.(New Co ).. .. 1906
Total.. .5,319 1,721 TSfil? 5.M3. 71,?WS
III. .Bledeee... ?999, 960.. 558 398.. 6959
Bradley ... 572 988.. 671 883.. 12259
Hamilton.. 644 094.. 885 762..10076
Marion_ 903 391.. 517 3K2.. 6314
Mugs. 120 690.. 164 964.; l^T.i
Monroe ... 856 1090.. 918 947..10974
MeMiiui .. s73 Kill.. 999 1093.. 13906
Pedk. 999 4^.. 908 581.. 6338
Rhea _ 932368.. 999 931.. 1115
TOttl...ifi?i 0.-I~o77j-j ^TbTi.i.lll'J
IV. .Cotl?r_ 980 HKKi.. 3??7 996 8351
De Kalb... 186 491.. o;,l 026.. 9016
Oraady ...(NewCo).. .. 2773
Jackson... 1211 607.. 1295 900.. 15673
Macon_(.New Co.).. 96 925.. 6948
Smith.2328 786v.9409.. 779..18412
Van Be en llf. 190.. 119 208.] 2674
Warren... 336 11!"'.. 90S 1209..10179
White .... 867_466..1016 618.. 11444
Tolai... ,r>,oi7? 4,931.0,230 5,561.84,470
V. .Cannon ... 818 701.. 430 811.. 8982
stAetherford 1730 1800..1699 1290. .39112
Simmer... kml 2<M7.. 772 1856..22717
Williatfiah lose i . > 1710 m 27201
Wi'son_2007 1012. .2.127 1 OCX).. 27414
Total... 7,5~<^7~(V^
n..Bedford. .."1453 1526.. 1438 1413..21512
1'raiik.iin....,-^ 1123.. Ill 1999.. 13768
l.o co'ii ... 696 9404 . 668 9338..23492
?farahall.. 838 1396.. 761 I30B?15616
.Mam y_ I80e IOSO..t40S I83O..S9O90
Total. .4,296 8.52Tr 4~,7~^iTTl(?3,9<)8
yil..BaajtCB_ 292 481 .. 312 499.. 0315
Pecafur... (MewCo).. 372 314..60003
Giles.\m\ 1387..1291 1438..25049
Rardin_ 805 732.. cm 7:12.. 10328
Hiekmnii.. 265 1034.. 2,5 1051.. 9397
Humphreys 305 929.. 2:1 909.. 0122
Lawrence. 480 547.. Oil 606.. 9280
lewis.(NewCo,).. Its 189.. 1118
McNatrj .. 773 7il.. 949 967..21984
Perry. 711 513.. 421 280.. 5822
WejEM- 660 110 .. 730 184 . 8170
Ti lei... 6^329 6,404. .~'77 7,r5TT?77?8?
VII!..Davidson..220t? 1683..9330 IH12..3S881
I'icksoo... 339 706.. 329 7os 6404
Megttfs i./v 1971 1029..1139 92L 21015
Roheitson.1193 871.. Moo 889. 1011.".
Sie wart.. _704.. 489 697.. 9719
Total...5,588 4,li9T 5,4\\\bj?'5T. 91, nil
l.\..Cam.ll....l:>:o 524..1468 C^s 15967
Dyer- 966 879., 689 983 6301
Gibson-1390 611..156] 1016..19648
Hwsdsrooa 1900 409..1089 107 13164
Henry... . 696 1312.. 812 1325.! 18233
laudeidale 986 111.: 315 296.! 5169
Cl'len. 989 536.. 112 671.. 7613
Tiptoe... . 360 502.J 320 531 hss7
W eakl. y . .660 lose. 71 j |3|-.. 1 jg
Total...0,501 5,511. 7,20i 6,697 109,570
X . .Harden.?11 989 lo77.. 632 965.. 17456
Hay wood.. 766 60s., B19 753 17259
Favette ... 1205 1151.. 1060 1041"261 jg
Madiscn ..1357 768?. 1383 709 21470
. Shelby... .1696 1969 1563 1490. .31157
Total... 5.6(2 ifil6.5,463 1,073 114,061
llia'.d Tola's.GD.UO i9 3|7 M }j, 6| 6r, , ,4?jiJ
?Hitherto the Stale has been so Districted
(de.igi.ed!)) that the Whigs had next to no
chance, stating hut four ot the sieves. Hi ?xtWrs
last year, f r instance, thontjh they carried the
GgajajgM ami Legislature by a handsome major?
ity. They seem resolved to have' the boot on
the other leg hereafter.
frir. Levy, the Conspirator.
The following is a eopy, verbatim et spell
atim, nf the letter for which Mr. Jones P. l evy has
bsan arrested, cn char.te of v;o:.ting the law of ITW
*, v . WaawaoTtHt, Nov.: 1*51
?Ns 1 have addressed your Kxcelleucv several
leite ,s sine my .-rival tl the I 8 , from voutalv
any of Ihem The main ubject of this letter is to
ITnlT, the rerditisdarger of tour Govern m-M
aim u^s t>i jour territory. ??"urm
The principal object of my visit to this c mi'al la
to Cefeat tbe nefarious plans* of Jolt de o?
h siompaaioDs in ttc Vehoautrptc malte? Tttr
are ?>* mih.tct, With the rWabta Dai el Web!
ter. c,Teoet:,Kpl.I,5to make a pdiuc.i 83t"B
S^^'alltV'^'^^
**? vi Saatwr*! t Msct to get you to ream 1 Eaai
5 R??Se ,0r,UlC P^fcrJu oV the ineVf
Nairn" Tl e ?.?.?.i ffif ????n.n,eat and
??ee u.,o? tMimMtmrnt^ b*?D of mnc* ???
con, n.t t ,h?.;; ,U dui ,B*wnce la their
tuiT.Vec,UVe?^^^Bxt^^f trt RS the Te
ba ce'ul how "e acu be o,ehBTS U>\mi'1
Utcheri^utth. ft^7 ?'
Cenve this tt&t vour Fxcalieacy h&s mlXtZ ? K 1 ro"
that was left hj the llonbl^^ecrerJ"it hijT?
mare out Mwpaajaag to the law, 1^1 * 10 b?
for , ocr a, proval, and ?tgratiire^, Utn an,^r,f:
atsaitn g :or it to ptu mv rout in opefaSn ?rSt '
your eountry from Ruin and eats M?stc ^e
?11 read, four opprerat-en and 1 hav7kfe "J,
.nMexi o to complete mv rout in a "
soot, ,s Iget, our ,VH?/wr, to the .. -s of VoasTre?
to carry gaaj ?y Crs*,/ to become a law. 35$
hone T?ur Eif'lly "IU irgent neceityto
rtroatrh ihm important object wh!rh the tntre?s and
wel' face of Mexico depcn? on my line of e >mm >nt
cav.or will ?upport loiirfoni, nrvien more then
all Ihe arnne that e.<n he put in '.he field aietoat n?
Revolutionists and enable ycu tocro*n yonr self
with latuela. .... ? (
1 ??n-1 this trrder cover ard through the nanda ol
yrnr Hrn. Minister icsidii g in this city and *M
ce'elv hone- it mar r'*< h y-ur Evel'enrv handa in
tnretoteof if mre to W*M. Trusting to hare an
early reply from Vow Exeelleuoy m the City of
New-York, where 1 ????fori???? 'a.?.
Wi*hirg trnr Exclly healtb ton? life and Pro'
peritv, 1 have the bejCOV to sign rmrelf vnnr ataoefO
friend and obedient ?erv*nt. Jonas P Livr.
To Exec1 ency Dri Mahuio *.rt'<Tt Pre?'
drnt of the V. State* ol the RcpuMic of Mexico.
\ EW PTJBLJCATT0K8.
DLFAM-LIFF A Fifit of Titr. graves By I?
BUM EL 12mo pp 2Sv thailer trriener.
The seasons of human lift afford the key?
note to this delightful, harmonious hunt of sou!,
music. In the same pensive, tender, and lyrical
strair, as the * Reveries of a Bachelor," this
rolume discourses sweetly and sadly en the
many-colored phases of existence, gathers pa?
thetic reminisceEces from the experience of all
ages, and blends them into a soft flowing narra?
tive whose me!ody reminds one of the sound of
distant stre.'.ms. Frcm most writers, two succes?
sive relumes of this character would be a super?
fluity. They would tempt us to eat too inucli
honey, w Inch is not wise. But Ik. Marvel's sea
timent cocs not often run into sentimentality:
his pathos is too genuine to repel the realer; he
touches the feelings, without clot ing the imac
ir.a'.ion ; and his most tender effusions are sus?
tained by such truthful perceptions of reahf,
that they never take us out of the sphere of tu
lure and everyday experience. Still, we BOSO
this favorite author will chantre his hand before
another volume, and not exhaust n vein of com?
position, which, howevfr .lolivious afire*, can
Scarcely fail to pall upon the sense by frequent
repetition.
We have alluded to It. Marvel's tendency to
the meditative and pathetic ; but it would be
wrong to class him in the category of merely
sentimental writers ; for his Looks abound in de?
scriptive passages of the most dewy freshness,
and arc enlivened with touches of humor, whose
delicacyfis equaled only by their point. Here
is a miniature [picture w hich w ill bear study,
for its exquisite finish, no 'ess than for its swpet
Bataralav as of leehng.
The sparrow that is IwittOtlBg < nthe edge of ray
ba'r>< ny, re calling up to me this moment, a world of
memetiei ih^t rearth over half my lifetime, aad a
woiid ed hope that stretches farther than any flieht of
rpairovts. The roso-troo ?loch shades his mottled
eoat is fall of Bade aad btooseqas j and each hud and
Morst m is a token of promire, that has isiues cover?
ing lrfe, arid reaching beyoad death. The qutet sun
is do beyoad the floweraad beyond toe sparrow,?
llitteaiag upon Ike leaves, and piayaog m delicious
wan8 of warmth over the reeking earth, (alighting
l oth heart and hope, and ipnckening into activity a
Ihonaaad thoughts ol what has been, and of what
will be. The meadow StrstOhiBg a*ay ander us
golden flood? wavir a with grain, und with the
feathery h'naaemi of the grass, and golden batter
cape, ?nd w hite, nodding daisies, comes to my eya
like 'be l?pro of facing childhood,?studded hare
ant) Ikl re with the bright blooSOOM of joy, crimsonei
all over ?Uli the flush of hea tn, ate! SBanaele i wi:a
?oetaories that perfUSM the sou I. The blue hills be
v?r el. wuh deep blue sna^oas gathered in their
b. .*( s?, lie nt 'ore no (mo nbtraatains of years, over
which I rliall eliu.b through Skadows to the slope of
Age, and f 0 Cowii to the deeper shadows of Death.
The following dctcription of the Dawn of
Spring, doale in fasniliai images, and writ per
i rips strike no 0M by Ho Otigiuality. But it
! rr at! es the fresh life of nature with such in?
born sympathy, that it has Blithe effect of gazing
Oh the landscape with our own eyes:
I love to tre.ee the break of Spring step by step . 1
love ev?n these leng niaVsJ ?rm* tnat sap the icy
IciUes^es el ihe lingering Winter,?that melt ths
raows upr.n tha Iniis, and a well the mountain
blocks ?that n ake the pe>ule hoeva up their si trty
eeremeata of too, and hurry oun tue crashing
frag meats in'o the waatei of ooeea.
I love too gentle tbawe that yon can trace, day by
day,b] tkeiTatned tnow broiks, sruinkimr. from trie
sad by the gentle drip ol the cottage-eaves.
1 to, i to fear h rut the sunny slopes bv a southern
will, win re the ret.'ected son r*,,ic S treble duty to
tl.r earth, .md where the frail uncinone, or the faint
1 lush ol il.c arbutus, in the mida of fie bleak March
al ospkoic, will touch jour heart, l;ke a nope of
Heaven, in a licld of graves ' Later come those
soft, smoky days, when the patches of winter grain
show nicer: urn tr tno shelter of leafless woods, and
the last siiow-diifts, minced to shrunken skaietooa of
ice. lie u;on the tlope of iioittic-ii h.liw, lcikiog
awai the it life.
'i hen, tke grass at your door grows into the color
oi the sprouting gram, and the buds up tn the lilacs
swell, atiii b'.r t. Tne peaches tilo'-mupjn the arall,
stid the plumbs wtar bodices ol white. The spark?
ling erroie picks string for his hammruk on the
syceinoie, and the sparrows twitter ia poire, The
o.d cms tnron down their t n^v rtoacre, and color
thrir ipra] with grten and the br< oks. whore you
throw ye oi worm or the minnow, rlott dosrn whole
fi?e of t> e 11union hlosron.s e.f ihe maple. Finally,
the oaks su p into the ope rung quadrille of Sprlin,',
wi'h giayiak tufts of a inidest vi Mure, which, 'jf
iiini snd by. Will bo long und glossy leaves. The
dogwood pitches bis broad, walte tent, in the edge
ol the foicat, the dandelions lie clong the.hillocks,
Lke itars in a >ky of jjreen . au 1 the wild cherry,
grown g in all the hedge-rows,without o:herealture
than God's, lifts up to Hint, thankfully, its tremulous
white fugt rs.
An.io a: 1 this, come She rich rains of Spring. The
stlictioi a of a toy grow up with tears to water
th? m and the yeiu blooms wuh flowers. Dut the
elouda hever over an Aptg skv, timidly?like
thadows upon inaocenoe. The showers come
Itntly, faid ilroii tlaiiiti.y to the earth,?with now
in ri then a glimpse ol sunshine to make tbe dropi
bricht?like so many tears of joy.
1 he n.ui ol Wider is cold, and it coT.es in bitter
f-r.uc's th.it blind you . but the ram of April steals
tifon you eoytar, hall reluctantly,?rot lenngly?
US I Ike sleps of a bruit to the Altar,
It dees not gather like the Itorm-cloudl of Win?
ter gres and heavy along the horizon, and creep
with snbile and insensible approaches dike age) to
the very zenith, but there are a scorce of white
winped twin iners afloat.that your eye has chased,
as juu lay fatigued with the delicious languor of
an April sun ?nor have joU scarce noticed that a
link lop of iheue floating clouds had grouped to
ge-r.tr in a sombre eomaaay. But presently, you
ire sen uthe Saida,the dar\ gravstreaks Mreicking
like Lies of r.usir, from llie gieen bosom of the
valley, to tb.it spot of skv where the company of
cloooa is loitermg and with an ea?y shif:mg of the
Bonn, ti e licet ol swimmers come drifting over you,
?nd oiren their t urden into the dancing pools, and
tnase tte rlowcrs glisten, and the eaves drip with
uefr crystal bounty. 1
Tfeo cattle linger still, cropping the new-come
glass and eblldboed laughs joyously at the warm
rtm -er tu e'er (be cottage roof, catches with eager
ear. Iftej patter of us fall. 6
We pive another specimen of a different color,
which we regard ae no more than nn average
sample of the author's skill m character-draw?
ing
A MW I Ni, l.AMl Sqt lRE.
Frojak has a _randfather living in the
c n.ntry. a good specimen of thecld-fsshioned New
d faiuiir. And?go where one will, the worid
ovv?1 know of no race of men. who Liken to?
gether. BOSOMS more integrity, more intelligence
re of those elements of comfort, which eo
to make a home belored. and the social basis ftr!n
thau the New-?nglaad taraaera.
1 hey are not brilliant, nor are they kigkh reined
they know ?othlt g of arts, histrionic or dramatic
tb. j know e-nly ro n.uch of older nations as their
histories and newspapers teaca them . in the f.ish
lonab'e world they hold no place -but tn enerev
In jadastry, in hardy vutne. in sui.tantial know'edee'
and ha manly ladeDfodence, thtv m .ke up a race*
that is hard to be rXebod. '
Tha French peaiaxtry are, in a'! the etsen'iaJs af
irtelligcncc. and sterling worth. Infant?, compared
wuh them atd the furntsrs of Lne. and areeith?r
superior intoiusence teaches ibein to lesson sa
quit kly.aa that Uttir breinren of the glebe are aaw
<iu?l to the a, aad are to he left m thasf eattia aaA
the tcrd. 1U
Ti de are English fa'tve's indeed, who are msn
in oareeot, wkorea< tke awoora ^kj who keen th.
n rren.cl the tear'r uiten ^em e. but ?"???? ?
Frack s arardfsther haa silver hair, but is ett
h.??rrtT ltd strong Bit dre.e is h rmelv, but
neat tstng a rtoro-ign-gnin? ProUrtioairt. ne his
?fancv tot tbe ?ewg**.< of forelgti tmpmaMon.
w/?s ?' poit.? to ?pp??r always in the village
"m b and r r ail great occasions, la a sober suit of
bntne-pun He has to pride cf ai-pe iranee. and be
.?esnone He is known a, a tfusaira*. throughout
the tosttsaip. and no im(>orjuit mcisnreci
he hoard of self ct mm without the Squires av
i?nval -sad this. fp>m no MM tub?crvteaey to h-s
oa i.k n because hia 'arm is large and he is re ?MM
?? tore-banded." but because there is a c jtndence II
^?"t^ealons of none of the prerogatives of the
courtrv parson, or of the srhoot-mas'.er. or of the
TtMage dectir and althouth the la ter is a testv
poliaclaa ol the opposite party, it does not at ad
inmair the Swire's faith la his calomel -he suffers
all his Iladica tm. with the same equanimity taat he
stirters his rhubarb. ;??..._?. a .v.
The tar-laboren of the neighborhood and tbe
small farmers earn aider the eVraire's note of hand for
ti tir saving*, better than the best bonda of city
origin, and they sefk his sdnce is all ma ters el
litieMion He ta a Justice of the Peace, as the title
of I aue in a New-foglamt Tillage implies, and
Baaj are Ike ccuntrv courts that you peep upon,
sr th Frank, from the door of the great dining-room
The de'end.'Lt always s? ems to yo'i. in t1 ese im
poitHnt cases.?e?panally if his beard i* rather long,
?an ejtraoron ary ruth ih i to whom Jack Bheppard
would have been a comparatively innocent cmr
You watch cunous.y the old gentleman, sunns la
his big arm chair, with his spectacles in their silver
case at his eibow.and his snuffbox In hand, Usteetng
attertivelv to some grievous complaint yon see him
potder deeplj ? with a pinch of snuff to aid his judg?
ment?and you luteo with intense admiration, as
he gives a loud, preparatory " Ahem." and clears
away tbe intricacies af the cue with a sweep of that
strong practical sense, which diminishes tne New
Eng sad farmer,--getting at the very hinge of tbe
mat er, without any ceaawtoaaneea of his own pre?
cis-em and satisfying the defendant by the clearness
of his talk, as much as by the leniency of his judg
"''lis lands iie aleng those s a ellmg hills which in
southern New Ecglaid, carrvthc cham of tne White
and Green Mountains, in gentle undmatious, to the
borders of tha sea. He farms some fifteen hundred
ar-rt-j _" suitably divided," as tee old school agricul?
turists ssv. irio'' wood-land, pasture, and tillsge "
The farm-house, a large irregularly bunt m insioa of
?res d, stands upoa a shelf of the kills looking soutv
watd. and is shaded by century-old oaks The barns
MM out dui.i ttifts are groupeil in a brown phalanx, a
little to the northward of tue dwelling. D-lw^rn
them a high timber pVe oper.s upm the scattered
pasture lands of the hills opposite to this, and
acres* tbe farm-ynrd, which is the lounging place of
serresoi red-ie-ksd turkeytvend of matronly bane,
clucsins to their callow brood, another gate of simi?
lar pie ensions epens upon the wide maaeiow lead,
which rolls with a heavy ' ground swell," alonr: the
ralley of a n .e.uM iin river. A veteran cak st ints
ienlinel?at the brown mea low irate, its trunk ill
Marred with the rathless cuts of new-groaad ixes,
and Ihe limbs garnished in Summer time, with the
croosc-t smtthes of murderous-locking n-ythes
The high-road passes a stone,** throw away; oat
there It little "treaefto be seen . and every ohance
passer will inevitably come aider the range of the
kitchen windows, and be studied c -re'u'ly by ths
eves of the itout dairy ma;i ?to sty uo'.huorcf the
s'aiwart Indianeook.
'I all lest, tea oasmot but afmir? as a type of th tt
r eh I > id race, arr>ot,R wnom your boyish fancy h is
woven so many Hones of romaaoe. Vou wonder
now ?lie must regard ihe wh:t.> Interlopers upon ner
awa Seal. ar.o you think th.tt the talarates the
Squire's farmmg privfh get with mors modesty than
Mil would suppose, lion learn, however, that she
pays Ttry little regard to white rightav?whea they
eoi f.irts with her own; and further learn to j i ir
deep regret,that jour Princess of toe old tribe, it
?acij aJmeted 10eider dntu\tO| and having heed
her ence or twice, w.ih a very indistinct "C KMst
pighl So.ijuare," upon iicr lips'?> our dreams i'?ont
her gtOW very t'ime.
'Ihe fsfljrire, like all Tcrv sensible men, has his
babble*, aad peculiarities. He ass a great contempt,
\,r instant e, lot nil p'psr n oney . and Imagines
??ai.ks t rbe corporative- societies, skilfully contrived
for the U gal plunder ol tl c eommunity. He keeps a
rapply of sihe r ::nd (,oid by Iura, in the Coot ol an old
m < king . and seems to Imvc grc it i o ifidenee in tue
turne or SpanJth milled dollart He hu no hind o(
patieoee withthi aew dectrism of farmiag Liebi/,
itr.d i.!l the rest, ho eels down at mere theorists , aad
las f.tr more respect for the con teats of bis barn?
yard, than 'or all the gnsjSO dcji ,sits in the world.
ScicDtrfie farmiag. and gentleman rarmin?. mar do
wi) veil, he saji,' to keep idle young fsuoars from
the citvout el mi'cbief; Mr. bS fOff r^-.tl, effective
msnagaaneat, there's nothing like the o'.d stock of
me i . who r in I ,,rc'oot un.i! ihr/ were tea, and who
cei tt ve herd waters by their froxeateee.' And
be it wad ef qnotiDg in this euaeection,?the ealj
, ui tatiol h] the by, tn-n the old geif.lciaan ever
makes?thjt couplet ef PoorAiehard.
Re that bv the p'ow weald Uuiva,
IliaiseM meet en her h ild at irtve.
The Sijuirer Ins heel in bis Jay. connected in,ire or
leaa lasisuawiy * itu Turnpike enterprise, which the
Kailiniids ol the day h.tvo throan sadly into the
background . ai J ?die r< lecit oftee, la a melaeehnly
wa>. ureii the good < Id times wu* n a mau eeuld
travel in his owl <mi riai.e rjuietiv across the country,
v? ithout being frighuied with the clatter of nu est
inc.? ind when Tun.pike stork paid wholesome
?eiirlv divii!? I d of six per cent.
Hut tins volume cannot he weil appreciated
with only here and there a taste of its ijiutlity.
Iis jewels arc all, strung on the thread of a regu?
lar nariative?it story of love, joy. grief and im
mental ho; ? ? easf-leaoa bumJs ot their biiglstiMssa
hy mDSfftl from she placo in which they have
bet n so ilcfty arranged.
t3:111 The EciJJCTIC Dispensatory," by
Jena Kim,M.D , and ReiBSt 8. Nswreay m. D.
(8io pp. 718. Cmedanatl i II. W. Derby <t t o.) This
i' portent met ical saoik is issued maaer tho ansptuet
o' the National Eclectic Medical Convention. It con
f its the syfteiiiatic and common names of the
Wises medicine) articles, their natural and artifi?
cial bi tanieal cla-snica'.ions, and .in account of
the medicinal inflflences of each agent. The
stccr.d part of the work is devoted te Pharmacy,
c'fsciibing the preparations which successful ea
perieaee has entitled to the rank of ohVinal. Al
Ihongh free u^e has leen maCe of the best authorities
in writing this work, it may justly claim the character
of an oi ig mal production, and presents much infor?
mation not to he found in similar publications.
BP ''A Practical Ststcm or Book?
Kainve," by Ira Mavhev\. This is a plain.brief
trtat.se, by the late able Superintendent of Publi
Ir stiuct'.on in Michigan, whose labors in another de?
partment of education have given him an eminent
position among the friends of popular improvement
in this country. It is not a mere compilation, but
presents several original features of great value. By
its perfect clearness of expression, its admirable ar?
rangement, and the multiplicity of examples by
which its theoretic principles are illustrated, it is
well at'apted to common use. No work on the sub?
ject that we have seen can be more safely recom
n.etded to farmers :md mechanics, as exactly saivd
to their wants. (Cady & Burgess)
tl?" "Codey's Lady's Hook,"' Feb.,
lias one of Tuckerman's txrelleat haOgTtpkl il
papers, devoted to the career of Leopardi, one of
the grrstest scholars and men of genius, modern
Italy h;is produced. An article on "American Fe?
male Authorship," by Mrs. Alice B. Neal, gives
a gred d??l of sound advice to young literary aspi
ratts, but, we fear, the labar is thrown away. (H,
Lt ng A Bro )_
Ol'R STATE PRISONS.
?
At last winter's see.-iun of the LegioLa
ture Messrs. George I'mierwood, George K. Ui
ker, John II. VVoosttr, Alexander II. Graham
and Charles C. Severance, of the Assembly,
were appointed a Committee to investigate the
fiscal aflairs, general mnnazement and discipline
of the different State Prisons. Their report has
been made, and is now before us in a thick
pamphlet of 25C pages; it is not calculated
to render the people content with the present
state of the institutions in question, or with the
conduct of the officers who administer and
supervise them. The Committee make the fol?
lowing statements ;
It does not appear Hut the In.pectors either fulfill
tha eipsctefieeis of the framera of the Cetwtttutlow
that, created tbem. or comply with the re I ???
t:ors of the statutes that govern them. A smaO por?
tion or.iy of their time is s, ert at the prisons, where?
at the meet < om-t,,':: 4'teiition of one at them at
each cf the pris rs, it retired for the interest of
tte State aid the welfare of the prisoner At p-es
ert Ihne is room to believe, that tha saying hes
h ii e truth in it, that utha eessstreaWeea r ile the
ptistAjS" The contra'tr.is a-e eenerahy mea 'if
wrarth. talent and power, ana while erery oiflcr of
the prison is changed (as w II :i:p^?r) oi. in two
v e ?is, the ccntract'ir may be said to be a permanent
er?eer,asu the o.iiy (.r.-uiurieai oltjer ' >r..,ect<d
with ire jriscr 'I r ? ir ? ^: tracts run fc-r t.ve >e.ir<,
sr.d aw? general y renewec from timetoton^. atsth tt
" occe a ccatractibi aiwaye a contractor, 'has oeconte
the ?nie. Fndrr there ?breajnataarOOS it will ho seen
that the lerpectnr i? ?n effb ? r of the firs'. im,? ?'tan-'e,
and that his Cutter mu?t. of u-ce*n'v, it the Stete u
prorerh reived, be a'dtrus ..nd coratui.t From
tke (art that a'm^et at v abuse wau be ? toner tale.
ated Iben aCeneieBOy, in the recelp-.a of the prison,
the finances t? ?i'D'>l tnr ,)l:,? BeOJOOt th it Bngages
Ida atten'inr. if ere except the aafwtnxateat meal
cere Instead of visiting the prisons hurriedly once
a month, beihou.l loe*J weeke at a t:mo in the
prison walla, earn the confidence of tbe eon vi tf.iee
that ahmes are net 1 r ..diced orsufered to to uare
flrevMd.i.c<! teeth..: the heath and improvement of
the convicts are not sacrificed to tie (atme of the
roitrertor.orthe ease and pasMor s of the amoral,
r.a e officers. We -re c mvinced that this 11 the only
br.e ol Caty tfcat < .n he par sued artth W -res?, and
that it hos. as set 'ecu but imoerfeetly perferaie'J.
One of the Inspectors [Mr. AOfOU] was examined
'efore tfe Coeanatuee.aaal luted that during Ike
year he had twice vi-ited the pnsous which were
not under hispeeu.ur charge . once he had been ex
cu-ed from meeting by hi* associates, and had eis t
cd his oan srnon once a month, for a few days at a
11 Any one in the least acquainted with prison m li?
ters, trust be aware that it is impossible for an In?
spector to do h s dutv to ihe State at large, or to the
I prisoners, by rock a. node o' discharging it. a
1 strking il.nitration of thu truth is skcwa IB one ol
I his answers to tne inquiries of therommif.ee >">
I tkmm n and 45 ol the act of 184* direct the Bteettoa
i in escb prison of separate cell t for the p irposesof
I punishment at d when this Inspector was asked oy
us if such cells ha I 1 ten erected in the prison under
I his par iiu'ar cn.irge. he i*s vcred, "1 am not a*)le
I to say." ? ,. ,
1 his Inspector ? as not able to tell of the difneut
ties or disorJeis it his pi iron WkiekothersdeSCtroOd,
and for ovary good reason. He ha 1 Bevor trog hi
the prisoners ihat they hal tn him a protector araiuit
the exactions of contractors and tbe abuses of the
ol>j, ers?never tanuht the contractors tint thee
wssanroie to nroov regulate their cupidity,OT
the officers thai thev hi l a jealous m is'er. earetuJv
guarding against their oppression or tyranny. And
while other persens were able to five us amounts
of various violations of the law in kts prison, he
seemed to be utterly unconscious of their existea.se.
The interest of the contractors is in direct conflict
with that of the S:a-e and the welfare of the prison?
ers The contract system, though it is bcneflkiial iu
regard to the finances, is ba every ?aber respect in?
jurious, ami iKoperotioa must ba watched with the
BUOOSt vigilance, to prevent very disastrous conse?
quences. Their .nterest is to get as much loor out
of the convicts js possible, and at as low a price as
MSairtW, aad lo BBl tioiu th? offic-ara ?s mmy gritm
totis privileges as they e an. And it appear* that the
contrattors arc allowed |0 fix the amount of worb
which each convict ihaU perform; thatcomplaints
are made by the prisoners tail they are overworked,
sometimes tn an mjuin in extent, that these com
P amt.s have bt e n somct.n.es attt ruled to by the sut
ordiaate officers, but by tkt Intftettn never: It also
apt tars, m two cases, one at Auburn and one at
Sing Bing,that cortra.tors have been allowed tJ
have the labor at ie.?s than tha contract price, and in
one of the cases, under circumstances which create
lease distrust as to the integrity of BOOM Of the odi
ceis. It aim Bpgaters that the contractors are allow?
ed to have in.mv Ol what are ca led half-pey men,
asder tkepretaaseof their being disabled. Iu smg
Sirg that has been earned so far that oue-fveKta of
the men let to eontractort are balf-pay men. At
Auburn it is yet worse, fur out of 036 let to c mtrac
tors IM ore ekarged at hall pay, is at i pay. 3 at i. I
givtn iinvalida for wkomnochargeiemade,aad 11
at a reduction of 0 cents from 46, the contract price,
or moie than one t.iirtl of the. u hole nu.nbtr green fa ftl
res, tractor sat prices lest than they hat* agreed U give
/or Sonst,
Six or ?rven \ > ars ngo, as we are informeJ, this
contrivan-e was >lertctcd ut Smj-Nirand '.he cmi
victs wbo we're put down as kolfpa) men, on the
Klein d of teirir invalidS, acdhad beOB rat d BS such
tjr ri.oiiti'?, vtete rarprlbod at it.they doing full work,
hi.d being rated a* u.valids BtOTOiyrOf the purpose of
beneftting the eontrsctora, b it without cjaferruig
upon thoaa any oaooiptiOB from '.abjr.
Reace probabli it is that tkera is so groat a dis
paiity l eiv.een the number of half pay men at Au?
ll.rn and Bmg-Blng at the present time. I*. u a work
ol tin e to e-1 the iii'inuer very I ir.je. It Bing-Siog
it has been the wi.rk of nx or seven years only. How
t r.g it has been going oa at .Vub.iru we d) BOt
I BO v.
This muit be the IxplanntieB of this nii'.'.er.or the
A tibi.r : i! ison must I e very unhealthy m compare 1
with Sinn Sin? . Ii,rat Auaurn, out of KM .lien ;e; to
. or tia. t. rs, 110 are rated BS Invnli 's . while at Sing
Bil g, out ef O'j'j on contract, 47 onlv ire so r ited.
la Bing s,m< ha i m taet e were P .j prisoners, ?nd
Ike BH alb I) eoal >t suppntt was $-_\3::8 it, or $2 90
a month for eseh pi laonov. In Inso the oonaberof
orlsoaeri nes7A9, sad the monthly cos?, ol lupport
*v?s $v!.'..r4 Ci. oi 00 a inonth fur ea:'h prisoner.
A re ti t lc?( tfo's av? .re ol this, or can they give
any gt o.t rcasoa for i his increase of near Olper cent,
in the cos', of ?upturning tne prisoners!
To cany tha inquiry a step further, to show tke
br sufficiency oi tuck aa tospeetlon, the Coaasittoe
Ball atteatioa to the total expenditures of .hat prison
for tkese yeate. ;
a 1844 tbe number of prisoners was 013. Tne ex?
penses were aa .'olinw* :
BuueblgS.B1.S17 ISiOtlierdiabiirs*- ii'u . Jl I?/) 63
Cl ifirt ?U|[,oit.Vi SM ?cl i
letal.Itii.jii us
Or $08 Ti per year for each prtsmer.
In IPSO tt.e BUnybos of prisoners was Tt>5. Th<! ex
reii'e sairt as follows:
i r InJMiai t ur- |C*avietsOBn)ovt.... SUM 41
P-triS. ^! :. 171 Cl lOtuerpuipovee.?3..>i0 ii
Total.gOJ^tiO ?
Or $r23 t>3 per year for oooh prisoner; or an iu
cr^rtie of hh,h: 90 or i ent.
Bydocei d'ng t ? partlenlevo, itwi'l ho ^ecn in
?e?e aie??Mie how tale exr'nor?inaiy Uicroaefl h is
luiseil. For .-;.!.,ri. - of <ilic*rs:
In 16H.Mi j Iu IftiO.I2I.39? 88
laerease_._.fG.ooj .j
For pay or gnarS
la IHM.$9,;j9 iO I la 1&50.?11,968 25
rn -rease..$2, Mi TJ
Th'is wnile tke nnmbei >t prleonors has diminished
Feme Is, per cent. the expense of gu arding them tun
Brersesed some 25 per cent. And in the same m in?
ter, ti?e total eapeasea
Of PresnsioM have m.-reared._3 T ? ,1 71
Of Hn*|.iwl Stu n it cte/ta.d. OVJ 31
Of OhMklag aad Beddiag. bai 51
At the rate at >? hu h the Prison was supported in
1844, he Bom total of rs Bxpenaes in 1850 oimhtto
have been $50.,')ii3 IS, v.bereu? it was 195,828 04;
and then tici.it ...n Ihe ?t?te Traf snry which
was made in I-io, for Oll M 50, aught have been
dispensed with. ?
The Committee condemn the frequent changes
of officers, and their appointments on political
grounds; the salaries of keepers (*1 daily)
are pronounced too small. At Sing Bin. they
lound an officer not provided by law, called tho
architect, receiving a salary ol tifiOO The
Committee recommend that the law of May 9,
1846, providing for an annual inspection ol the
Prisona by members ol the Prison Association,
under the direction of thu Chancellor, or a judge
of the Supreme Cj'irt, or a Circuit judge, be re
tived. This law has fftt been repealed but has
been rendered nugatory by the Inspectors.
The Committee testify to a general improve,
moit in the discipline ol the various prisons
within the paat live years, by rendering it hu?
maner, and a corresponding improvement in the
character and conduct of the convicts. Detter
pay and asoro attentive and competent paen no
recommended to be appointed for the important
oifxes at chaplains, phyaiciana bbaI teachers.?
As it is, they are sometimes filled by proper per
?ODO, but not uniformly. They condemn the
policy of restricting mechanical labor in the
prisons. They are also earnestly in favor of
giving to tke convict some suitable proportion
of w hat is earned by his labor, to start with af?
ter he leaves the prison. He should be allowed
moreover, to earn money by over work after Iiis
legal task is accompli -hed. Some means should
also be taken by the State to enable him to find
employment on leaving.
The humane intent. >ns of the Legislature
with regard to the mental culture of convicts
have not been fr.lly came : out, At the time al*
lotted for them to read it i? dark, and nothing
has been it ne to provi is IkOSB with ligi.ts. The
libraries for their use are pocr, being made up '
in a great measure of abstruse UOOtiaos ot the?
ology.
On the whole, however, since lS:o tha total
number of convicts in the State Prisona iias in
creaied but 36, notwithstanding the groat in?
crease of the population. In 1*431 there were
1.CC6 convicts at Auburn and S;ns-S.ng ; now
at Auburn, Sing-Sing and Clinton there an only
1,662.
The report gives a variety of interesting and
valuable tables to show the effect of lo.i^ or
short sentences upon the prisoners and the
amount of crime committed. They certainly
present very stron? reasons for believing that
long lenter.res are unadvi.able in every point of
vie w. Taking the statistics of crim*} for the
past lour years in the whole State, it appears that
in these districts w here long sentences been
Biosf iniitcted, crimes most abound. Ttie telio ay. |
r M l> evaae mmXZ
-i| 4..1 .? jTk 2
ing table i? hate resting, as showing the 9t*.
I ortion ni om i * to trie entire population in the
following State?:
Rt'io*/ Ar't* Imvth Mjm%k
8 ; AT? , mrlo *J roiwtc/ie?.
l ???.?.en. V ?I />
Pew-Ynrb.i n> i.att
igateaeaaeeite... 1i? I '?I
( i i l>#C lltl.I " I ? W m
M * ? ??' 4..S..M tu, ?
? ? ?> * .U Tlfe u
Virgil. . ? !??!??! 9 1st
Keatachy.i aT ng J I gB i*
M?-Tti<i. .. J * B 8
Wurtivnp v .' 'it' ? ?..7.. r vi, >r
New Jene?.Iib?.^O I..S..U 4la ijg"
The ab<;?? t *S Ittel crime Is more 'evere
ly pejoaJjahocJ in Vl'- ola ih-?n in an? of tbe gtSS
, crated,I ititats - .n tt.e ninth r?t? of enm?^,
that is. It has !i 5? ?im? lb >n .u.v o.h?r, exc*p?. ?B#
anl so far. severttj s?*a*s t" ceur from < nmt, bat
tele astirrr ?? roB'.radteted r\ the ertamploei Cese*
reiticut, sali hi aafstntbass on I r?o( foras*as>
Ity, wh:!e itatal ? l ' 'r r k'or irtasa-^S
is, there is ru> re crime in propoitton to lUaaMka.
t:iiitt-!. t t e. <? t ?? I two New lorksteodi
in the fotutaratit tor e*?erttj,bet it ?nidtia tha
teccid ra' k tor erimi -that i? there is ii->re cruaa
in prop"ition torts poialat'on tju.\ .v,y Suu,at
cent ore Ines? n?o res 'or*, fy t'e si i.-i^^
drawn fror a M.r?e? ?>? ihensht Juiwlat Otatrkbj
m New-Yosg, th ; ho g eenieocet do aat ettmftnaj]
crtma _ ,,
HaTii a<Ji-P"-"! of ?he ett>- o- ling *eatcae*s|a
affor hag to Hi* coo manitt protactjoaags sat crnae,
ste see next to U ;U're into their r:t r. on crum.
cai blmaa f,
The objei t cl an enlightened criminal cole ttto
provi e s. , ui i? or trte State, reform l oa of the
offer, deraad pr< r ist on foi bat vn '.tare after the term
of tmptisoi inrPt shall have expired.
The r?'f ematii not the offe*? er cu o:,iy beeSaat.
td he the en i bteantentani euttnreof v?r*ii<toa*,
motel ami tninn ??tual t? -olues. a-..I b> presemag
and impioi i - r.i ;<??>? ical p >wers
An inspection o Sta.e Pnaons will sats'v anr one
that ihsee indication a are not fulfilled >>?? loag aes>
teiu es. Most men arbe have men r n:m?* 1 tor tomgs
terms are dutiogufehed by a stup >rof both tne man]
and mteliecraal laculata; the* be? me mere at.
?Otnea; long disused to th> exeteti -i ibeir otjn
rolitioot,and subjected to ae unvarriog routine of
occupati. i.' :o. i <f c ihe n-bl *t powers o|
their Lati.rt.? f I. into '<- y. 'lue the mere in.
stiii-tue and antmsl f.vi tiea am those whloh rm
mein In enemies Been isepedtee within tfcera ?ad
DOtnafrequeotly lusanlty in its most (rtgbtiel fpegaj
coini-lftt? the wreek o* ail their fa Ultte*. Ka/orah
anon is trenoiitnf tne anaatieB, end tne power ej
prowling f'?r tt. ir own ln>d hood te rssrever de
Nreved, Tbssoa ?h,)?re most tamiliar ?uh the his>
tory of erimina s, know that pecm.ury ne essioei
are thee! ei -,r: ?< I > nine. I 'i f\ t.ioec ?. ho en?
ter the path ot e Imtaallti through the rortalaofthe
grog sm-p ttH I letnssl or the gntnbUag home, are
constrained to *< opt thu course, because thote ague*
cies bare deprired them of all other means of are>
Tiding for their ? .mta
The report complain! ol (be i>\d ventilation of
the prisons . the aboUtlottol the cat as a mode of
I uniehmei.t is thought to have worked well, but
ihe punishment of the shower-bath and that trauaUsI
the yoke, which htee bewai bwhetitnted for it,
arc evidently Liable lo be grossly abated. These
it.ilictions are thai deeertbed in a letter to th?
Con mRtee From !?r. Posgnte, Lite Physician ef
the Aehurn Prieon:
The form of the machine isthat of tie eosaaasn
s.oiksviiiii nreserveti of wateraboreit,hartagi
h? id i f fi't j .r .i tjaee ineeeiilig from the surface
of the water to the nforated plate at the end of the
diachargiBg*tube. The oSsnder. being stripped of
hi- clothing,ie placed in a sitting posture ui the
shocks, wr.b hit feet .nid handi teeutelv fiitened,
ai d h-i h? ad eontaUtU d in ? sort ol hopper, ihe bot?
tun ot ithieb encircles hts noch a'.? closely that the
water will net run off as f ist as it can be let on, the
water beii gnuderthe sawtrolei tha kt< c* r by means
ot n lor i ait a bed to a re ve m the b ittoej of taw
reservoir Prom the perforated plate the water f*l a
about eighteen ii -h ea.whai it si rises the t'eidof the ?
eonvtet im sots h rix-d. thenee pitting over tha
whole surface ol tbenodi When the rtsnoir is
full, the force ol ti e blear upon the bead is nearly
tqnaltoaeo.i ol waer reventy-twn tuchet in
irght. This force is somewhat reduced i> theiuter
?antion of the perforated plate, a Ute inoJi&caUon
ii> the ii ttrnn tut.
To the mecbsnia wh ick'i'u'i.itesihe i. il ieactof
mere nialter Upon ma'ter the power Of tall col'imn
ot ?nter mos' p aaeseeenetderebleimportance. Btrt
to the pbyati . iit, who can alone j'M *<*,thany
degree of et? ? ttnets* of the Inflaentm ef a awetsa,
generally at It degreesFehrei haP,fallirgnposi tha
neat.; ana t.''< see cn.? rti gttie ?h don <tv.the luller?
ii-g lad need,. d mger mcuried) meat n pear mo
BieKtl us in He fjiinne
The kmc ol punishment next ii freipi?n?ry Inflict*
ed in ti.is prison is robing. Tue yoke It formed of a
flat bi'.r of iron four or liva Ineaes i\ i 'e. I 11 from fl?e
to an ft'; In !?ng n. with ? ? o? ible it ph "i the
cei ler ti> i pel e a me neck. nu?i a srei ill ?<ne at each
ti.d to turremad tie writ i \'l thete tepies era
to nrrai je-ii lhai bv turning acrewa on t icir pr>
t^rudingendi on tbe beck el the lion ba'.they ra
he lightened to ev.y degree deemed eipedieot The
weiaat ol ti c lightest y kc is ihiny-i tur pounds
atoirdup.ii?, and some of tr,> ;'i I believe wel ;fi forty.
The nrine Ipel object on to this punishment it, that
the yone bi . tea aeavily on the oecvleal vertebra.
Most j en oni ? enarareof tne nnpleasaat, aud in
factinauppori&bla sensation produced e/ea by the
weight t-t th*- uiiMiOoiied coat ami v< t,: pressing
u|>: ii the Im k ..r Stta i>ec>t. l'r.d?T tt.'. >v^ij 11 af
tut instrumeDt, Ihe convict eiautot retail the erect
posture e ve n I >r a few miuutescinn-' I tin If, h it it
?aeeedtebeid .'ot A.trd in m? e-on'ii. i i anl'iiugs,
?hash brings the entire weight of the bar upon the >
lower cert" 1 rertebra. Tne trrot are generally
stretched to v - ir full I m :th, au ' [ir f.: toify tone
sion of th?; i' ? sea, ar.i beuumhe I, while the hinds
twraperple u ltimes becMme much .-*.iiien. la
sevtral inslaneres I here p need my flusers beneath
the yore, and fell d the pressure so great that it
was aetuiilly p ? i.' h tu m |
Instances ofacrae] ;iii ! iTXCeesive prmshment,
sonitin.es r? sultin| an death or insanity, are giv??n.
These wen- ,i \ui?urn, none such appealing to
baYvo taken place nt CHtavtoa or Bing Sing, In?
deed it is e.vpri inly stated that Auburn Prisoni?
managed with much greater severity than either
ol the others. The Arrangements nt that Prison,
fur the care of health, arc by no means what
they should be Dr. PtnjgatO testifies to the
t-licet of long imprisonment to produce alienation
and weakness ol mind ; onaniMii appears to be
quite generally practiced among the convicts.
It see ins thi ii that these important institutions
are notoi.ly impe rfectly ami badly arr.ingod for,
their purpo e, hut n.'glec'ed by those -vhoshoulJ
attend to them, and badly managed; and that
the Slate is plundered of a good d< a! of 'none*
by contractois ami their accomplices There,
port does not express any decided opinion as to
the cohtir.uanc?' of Canton Prison. Hie Keimlo
Dej artment at Sing Sing is spoken of in high
terms; while marly one sevemh ot the male
COsY*/fjCtl COtQO back a second lime, only ono
twelfth of the 6 unties do so. The fb lowing are
the concludir g propositions of the Coinniittco:
I. Thatngrent majority of the ejeoeleti are tus?
cet-tib e of N ii; ii.fluerced by the s-tme g'md BBCw
tieee and impulse*, which influence other men, and
therefore that a sjstem based upon reason and klndV
ness, tencug to ii store feelings of atif-respert, hope*
fulness ami penitence, ought to be adopted in all our
prisons, sofara- is procurable without impairing the
eleterriug lhai leteff etsenlial to any syf e n of pun?
udunent,
3. That the r/.'ions of the prisoners thenl 1 inrtri'
al'y be such at. >e, in the opinion of the ; '.>*ician,
entirely coasistcnt with good he dth.
3. That a lufheUenef of p ire air at all uaaee. anJ
of artificial ararmth at co'd or' a nr> wea.iii-r. should
be ir.troeiuce.d ii.ro ihe cells .m l the t* 'k^iopa of
the prisons, and that thl means of Uahtieg every
cell, except t .ose used for punisriuen?., should be
provided at t-i n iirison, ao that no pr s.,.i?ir may be
left la daran?" r more than themtvjwnet time
rerjured lor s'cep.
4. That the of the yoke and shower bath
ahculd be dsetseet nrued, >,nd sepirate confinement
at hard labor, ar d o her pnvauona, s jb'.vtaled as
mrnns of punish aju tt ar.d discipline.
5. That ail ! Sinei.te for breicb.es of diawMBml
in the piis< r? %\ .,,,] r<e milictal u .der t .e direction
and auptrvis < n of the Warden, and by rome officer
urconcerned in t-.e oiTenee.
?- I'1 it soi . ,?teii, tic aid and enc i irat?ement
should be sutbi :ed to dischirge-1 cohvljU by the
State
7. That a rial! ar d thorough examinafj M of the
pritCtM should be made annually under fie appoibt*
aaentaad dtrectioa of tha Legiaiatore.
8 That the annual reporta ofthe Inspc -j.rt thou'd
exhibit not ci.lt ii,e cash recelp'.t and ?".?endituree
of each prison, cut every debt incurred and credit
allowed bv the reveral agenU.
?. Tba: the governraencef the nr\mr% should be
entueK divi ate.: of the minenea ? f astrti podtict.
10 That the i.'i.ii ,ri of pn.-ooers at \urira and
Ping siing thou i be dtminiahad, by tncreaaing hht
Lumber to be rent to the Clinton Pi leon.
II. That the ength of sentences, e?pc:ia'ly fog
Crst of'tLses. shot] be lessened.
13. Tl at the fcoveuimeiit and condition of OUT
county jails ai d pemtentlahea should he thorough.*
investigated sod te'ormed.
n?* Lieut. Gov. Church lias 10 fir re
co'.cred nsom hie late mdisj.oeitionas to be able to
teat in the chair of the Senate.