New-York daily tribune. [volume], February 07, 1852, Page 6, Image 6

About New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866

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WASHINGTON.
P.bHea.le. -r th. L.wT
?Jeet-eilllinaa-ror ??????
Ow"i??*.n? ei Tk? P w? Tn
ffiliilJior?. Th>?r? ?7. '
WK m w pt?wut mode of pu* ishing the laws.
7. frMnt ihe selection of the newspapers
wWcb^** "hal1 bc Puhl,?n'',1 18 ",a'Je by
?Im Secretary of State ; and hie arbitrary dic
exercised sometimes in defiance of the
?hjjaest dictates of common sense and duty, de?
signates the paper in which they shall fx- pib
Jjehed. Mr. Smart illustrated this fact by a rc
Jerence to the State ol Maine, where Mr. v> i
?tbe, in the plenitude of his authority, took the
printing away from one of the lOaniiog Whig pa?
pers in the State, having a circulation hardly
aecond to any other paper in the State, and ri'Ji
cnlooaly conferred it upon a purely religious
journal of small circulation, and an organ of one
?f the religious aects ol the State It was done
apparently in one of Mr.Wi.n -1 ,.k's pious moods,
aad about the BUM that Uta ai.'njuated and gar
ruloue head of the leading Orthodox College of
Massachusetts tottered op to the aupport of the
political Israel ol the Dakav8arbig Co nti'l*"".
It waa one ef ihooa sublimely sagacious political
strikes that nobody knows how to make but the
present Secretary
Mr. Smart proposes, and we think very justly,
to take thia power of tubaidiliBg the press, from
the Executive Department, and to establish by
law that the lawe shall be published in each
Congressional Distrn I in the two newspapers
printed therein, which shall have the target! <,r.
tultUum; and that tbe advertisements of the
Government shall he made in the same papers,
whenever an advertise ment in a particular Dis?
trict ia required to be made. When it is stated
that there are no less than?ftttn kmm?rtd newe
papera which are the recipients of the (>overn.
ment favors in thia respect, the important char?
acter of the j atronagc now exercised is at once
anade manifest, and nothing ? an be B*DN | ropei
than to cut it up by the roots. Destroy aa far as
possible all venal temptation on the part of the
Preas to auppert the inea'iirea of the administra?
tion. Let these measures everywhere, and at
all times, stand on their own merits, so Mr as
is possible. At nil events, let ua have no p lid
supporters of thern. We look upon Mr SsUBT's
movement aa sound and important, and we trust
it will be followed up til) the object it proposes
ia accomplished. The House waa disposed to
treat it with favor, but it fail.-d.l.y ? smili v.itr. to
obtain a majority. Hut that the principle ol the
bill (we are not prepared to aay ns to toe details)
will aoon be adopted and carried out, we tag en?
tertain no doubt.
Commodore Pfrry is her?, ami bgofaafOOl
in command of the Kaan India Squadron. He
ia awaiting the passage of the lull now beton
the Senate, establishing a new discipline in the
Navy, by way of a substitute for tbo flogging
which has been abolished. Il is understood fiat
special instructiona will be given to Commodore
Ferby, in regard to Japan. It would appear
that the administration baa eeacluded to m ike
a demonstration hi that quarter, and Commodore
Perry is the man elected to try some kind of an
open oaaBBM on the Japanese. We are red sure
the administration have not determined that
Japans oar oys'sr, which ws with kuifa will open.
If b tjilath is to be math . and tha walla of the
Navy Department to be lined with nino-penm
pravta, commemorating the achievement, Com?
modore Fr-rry is ihe man foi the occasion The
world will never know the glories of Tobabi o
and Com I'lii ii v. tfnlooe it visits the pBBBBgO
waya of Ihe .Navy Department at Washington,
and observes the gorgeous illustrations of the
renowned exploits ol tbe Tobacco expedition.
We do not remember, however, th.it the blooil
leaa enterprise of dipt. AXT/AB A do HOMTKB, 00
distastefully ebiVBMc lo the Commo lore, any?
where Iggtos asaoogthoas specimooa ol art.
We are glad that this m?\ einent toward Japan
ia set on loot. II the Navy can be put to some
uselul labor it is a subject . I re Dicing, It costs
Bs over ten millions of dollars a year to support
it, and we usually have to take our pay in glory.
Prolessor BtUlBMB is giving a course of lec?
tures on Crology at the Smithsonian Institute.
Last night, aa mauy who w ished lo attend Ihe
Course were turned away as weTe able to obtain
admittance to the contracted lecture-room of
thia Institution. Il the idea ol the Trustees
originally was, ns it seems to be now, that Mr
Smithson'b desire lor the f increase and dill'u
Bleu ol knowledge among nun'' could be. boa)
accomplished b\ public lectures, we wonder at
their shortsightedness in sacrificing so much as
has been sacrificed in the hiiilJing of this (raati
luto to picturesque a, in bEObm ? and architectural
novelty. The edifice has an in.poaing and I
beautiful appearance externally, but it ia badly
Contrived for aaytbing like popular lectures. It
baa hot a email hall at lie^t, and the labyrinthine
avenues oJ uigresa and egresa ho that ate at out
?n a par with ihr \n, ., . BaahagOO tetbi
burial places oi the ancient Kgyptians. Aa the
Tiuatees have got a budding foi anew, we would
BUggeat that they now In.e ot buy one for use, if
they mean to follow up the plan of populni lec?
tures.
The great Games case was finally closed to?
day, aad went to the Court at it.- adjournment
for laal adjudication. A arook's baicj la. M has
been apent in the a on, aaal the most
powerful efforts have bt^en made on both sules.
The suit involves many iHlieaie. aaal baa kooa
itiCouit, in one loiiu or anolher, l >r a quartet ?'
a century. Its BBatioaaObt will Lavohrs aa tat
men *e loss?to the loungers
Tbe Senate had an auxious silting on the Cava?
aus Printing, and tried hard to BfaUg itsrlt to a
a vote. Bui the sublet went o\cr The do'
inaada ol " the party" will crowd tha bill
through the Senate. The ho, c of its defeat !u ?
in the House, where it will have a hard struggle.
Put it is earned alemg now as a porfj measure,
and as such, it will be a wonder it it doea not go
through. The organ must be pa;,! Klse what
becomes ol Mr. Kit. tin 's > i.oov, contingent,
upon tbe job going to Dos ti boob & haarra ia< .
and what of the harmony Bad cohesion of the
I.oco Koco ranks ' i | r.
tV' A dispatch, dated Washington, Fab,
9, aaya " A report ia current that Thaddeus Stevens
waa aa lag at Lancestet this morning. The annouace
aneat waa made in the National Hotel by a air anger,
Baad II la teaoeaaale to judge of ita correctness M;
Steveua left Washington three weeks ago in UJ
health and spirits.
tF*lt is laid in Wgajuagrhw thai the \ ?.
aal Committee in the Senate and House will report
favorably upon the petition granting additional aid to
Ike Collins steamers, and the same a ill undoubtedly
f>ane both branchea of DaagNBB,
kdV' It ia elated that our Goti rnroeat has
given aoiir* to tko British Covernment of its Jeure
to break ap the present poaUl arrangement beiweea
tbe two countries.
ICOSSXTTH IN OHIO.
?yf..h by Ko^atbTiT Bcpff ? re?
mittee mf Salem, <>?*??
K^rmh, Ukm rctuminff an,[
heart-felt thank, for tue kind hoapttality o'
which he had been generon.ly invitedI to partake,
exposed hu regret that he *a. unsble to do so,
and said ! .
BiDCd I rame N tbe 0a*i4 States, the very
first worde with which I hare been greeted on ar?
riving at anv place, have been the gcneroui. offers
cf hospitality: but, gentlemen, I carne not h.re to
er joy re?t-not to partake of ho-pitality, but to cie
sote all my exertiona to benefit the cauae of Hun?
gary, my country , and I feel that every dollar ap.nt
umply in hospitality, is a dollar lost to the cauae
whirl I advocate. If you are so generous, I will
Irvre my down trodden country to partake of your
hospitality ; out Kosautn, the poor exile, wishes
lotting to be lavithtc on him?everything on his
country. , , .
Your speaker it pleaded to allode to w a at he
termed " Bay eloquent and plaintive appeals in be?
half of my 1 dealing faint-Und ' LaJies an 1 gen
men, let me brtei?v rotate a tale to yoa: Tt ere waa
cace a Bishop living m a certain p .rt of h-trope,
who entered u town, the oetn of whu;h lie expected
to be rung in his ktOasor, t>m he was not greeted oy
their round, und c.iliei tae sui.er orsof the p:a-.
together, to know the cause ol tae omtssson. Ihe
( hitf Magistrate said that tney had ninety nine re?
cons for not riegmg 'be belli The ftrtt reason waa,
that they had no Deila to ring. [Laughter I Tae
ma?i*wat? was gotag ?-n to narrate hi. Other re*
sons, but the Birbop said he wa? per'e rtfay Utbrted
w ith their first, and dMpeaeed with alltbeiett
Now , ladies ai.d ger Urnen if indeed you expected
any eloquence fiom me, yon will be disapfainted,
for ?inet) -iure reasons, the first of which 1? th -t " 1
La\e got no bells." LAprdautc] O it of the other
rearons, however, with your kind permission, I will
narrate one or two?the first of which i", that Iain
very sick. Irdeed. I am entireiy worn out an t it
causes me great pain even to s;>e.ik a Bing! a word If
1 malic much exertion. I wul ..erha^s wa-te the little
remnant of my strength, and tbat I want to preserve
to light tbe battles of my country. [ Entausiastu ap?
plause ) One more reaseii I wjl' loea'nm for not de?
livering to you ?n elaborate a'ldrett. Iftbeirenerous
people of tne Batted lutea become acustoaied to
restrain their ooatrlbaDoni BDtil I arrive at their
places o; residence, and speak to them?if they be?
stow their aympefhy for my cause only oa e utdttion
of my personal presence?she gran I o joot of my
mission will bnve failed, and I can accomplish no?
thing.
1 have new been eight wetks in your country.
During 'hat time I have ? nie all the exertion*
which 1 pc.'- ' i 1 haft taken no rest, and
yet I have only visited c-h: cities; tbciefore if it
be in mv power to remain eight weeks longer, I
any perhaps visit eight crtiee m ire?but their pop?
ulation will rot make even a filth part of that of
the I nt?d State-, aid 11 hall tr.us nave only been
heard bv hvc out of tne twenty live million* of its
ibhahitaiita. To address the rtma ndtr would re
<;uue I ease, and 1 have only month', (if, tadood,
thHt tune.) at my disposal. If, then, the people con?
ceive ties ideas my laiih in the ultimate objects of
u.\ mlMtOaWiB lie brokoa, and therefore I ap..eal
to yonr sense of generosity and justice, and Siv. do
not pal a cendition on ine, with which 1 cannot
comtdy If I am forced to go on in the same c larao,
which 1 have pariaad. my grave will be dug in the
land of America, and I will never leave your hos?
pitable laoroo. Thus 1 have given a fe >v reasons
for not addressing you at lenmh . but the principal
one, aid th ?t which I most rariiaall/ Oeg you to ac
i rut, is, that I have l.o bel.'s t > ring
When I crossed the Allegheny .Ylountaini, I saw
bouses scattered here and there alone, in the wihlesl
ai,d ir,o.-t desolate itlastloat, and I asked whether
tlmr liihabitants were n> ore against the atHi^kt of
robbers. The gentlernen who were with me, and
they ware perfectly secure and s!e;.t with open
doors. So, too, they would be la ihe midst of it forest
in l.urope. for if one of the1i'na utants were robbed
while he was asleep, all tbe others would combine
and raise a hue and rry afb r the rebher, until he
waa caught, and there and then administer summary
justice to him on Ihe spot, without further appeal.
What a lone man is, that is a nation, eince it is a
separate part of the community of natnns. Take
care then of national ns well as petty robbers, be?
cause if you do not attend to and punish them they
wi I gather strength and attack yoa.
1 have before taken the liberty to express my views
relative to the formation of Associations of the
Krienda of Hungary, ar.d thnrc views have been
spread, Ihroogh the medium of the free prees.alfover
the land. Let the people carry my views intoexccu
tion, and 1 assure you that not ? dollar out of the
funds wli'cb you may place in my care, shell be
spent in dinners for me or my suite. My second
reason for forming these associations is, th .1 the.
enters of thepenyle art not rtcr?t?m Washington r>>v,
but when 1 can show it\t- recorOS OT tnese associa?
tions? when they have joined together and act in
unisor,?when they consist of hundreds of thousands,
par] i I milliore of people?when out of the small
cropsof individual sympathy, a vn?t ocean has Oeen
formed, then indeed, though their cheers may not be
weighed, their names find influtm e will be. [Loud
and long-continued applause | Then lore it is that
l nice tea to go on in the form ition of Asao ilatl ?? i
of ibe Iii? m s?of Hurgary. If there is any olace left
in t our recolJeclions for a remembrance of me, it it
well, but if not. reminder the cause of Hungry and
littrn Remember, oh! remember my down-trod?
den country ' [Tremendous applause.
1 must go, ladies and gentlemen, for the steam en?
gine it summoning me The steam engine, yoa
know, is n Democrat, ami ttMcharaeeeriettc of a true
Democrat m, that he will have his owe wall. [Loud
applause ]
JaCOb HeelCtt, Ksq., then addressed bin as
follows
Got. Kossnii ? On behalf of the Association of
the Frteada of Hungary, of Salein. I tun requested
to tender you their sincere thanks for the eloquent
BMnnei la whi? h you have advocate! their and your
cause. Allow me to piesent to you their contribu?
tion to the cause of Hungary, (amounting ay we
learned, between %X ? and c.i ted to old you
" God spaed 1 ta sour glonoua misstoa.
HUNGARY
Fitaeei for SeHT-Govcrnment.
There was nothing in my journey through
Hungary, which so interested me. aa the ac?
counts 1 heard everywhere of the old internal
Gvv eminent ot the country. The whole was so
(ur beyond anything which I had seen of political
isatitetloai on the Continent, that 1 could
scaicely credit it.
The people too, I saw, felt. most of a'!, the
loci of this old system of Self-government?re
tormed ami widened as it had been in IS IS. One
ol the littere.t ot their many misfortunes seemed
to i>o, that not a relic ot the grain! political Consti?
tution, which they had en oyed so long, was left
tastea, The active, stirring political lite of cen?
turies they said, was all gone ; ami the stagnant
lYatem ot Auttrta settled upon them.
More careful study of their system, since, haa
only confirmed me. in what I thought then, that
the o!d Hungarian internal government lonned
ene of the best means im political education?
and that it needed only a few refonn?, to reu
c!cr it a complete republican ur even demo?
cratic aystetn
To my iiin.d, the old Constitution of Hungary,
prepared tor that ol 184S, aa the old F.ngliah in?
ternal aystem of govenuueiit did for the more
complete eelf government in America.
The details cf this matte r may he uit?but the
tacts will be found of value?eeeayetallj as con
tifcted with the question of the fitness ol the
Hungarians lor seit-goven.iiient.
The first great principle of the internal coo
exit Olio* of Hungary was the idea of, if I may ao
sav, '? State Kights." or provincial rights, thai
is the principle that each State (or C r
ahould be as independent as possible of the Con
trai Covenitnent
The secor.d waa that each litile local division
oi the oeemU] should havg ite u.\n gelletltajeai
ten d goaueeaaei.
Hungary was divided ep into 89 Coautats or
Staus, a diviaum dating back from unknown
tiniee, probably originating first in military dm
sicns among the conquering Asiatic tabes.
Kach one of these States had its own provin
cial administration. It waa considered, in al
most all respects, a ? aovereign State," even
more than any of the States oi our I nion. It
could treat with foreign Governments. H it
dmappmsed the acts of the Central Government,
it could send them back by mean, of its State
l egislature, tetwd. The very members it eent
to the National Parliament, were not M Repre?
sentatives," as wuh us, hut Deiegatea?men
" instructed" to vote and apeak in a certain
way, and iiaKe to be recalled at any moment
by the State, if they di?obeyed instruc
tici.s Any measure or vote of these delegates
di-plearing lo the State, could at once occasion
their cirn.ies.al. All ordere or sentences, both
from Hungarian or Austrian Courts, from the
Lord Chancellor of the Kingdom, or from the
Home Office, or from the Emperor of Auatria
himself, if it fourd tl.em inconsistent with the
laws of the lam', it could reject.
.Such a freeconi of action, baft to the duTerent
Proline*sol one country, notunr.ed in a Coaled
eratinn. I have reier known elsewhere in the
history of politics. That power of being able to
act - the acts of their own Parliament, ia without
example.
Eiich State was governed, too, by a Demo?
cratic State Lcgialature, composed of all the
voters of the State, meeting in assembly (Cen
grfgttw) four times a year.
By one of those anomalies, of which one finds
son any in Hungary, the Governor (Obergeepan)
of each Slate, and wmfeh President of this Le?
gislature, and the only one able to summon the
I.e. ;s!ature, v.a? appointed by the Crown, for
life.
It seems as if the influence of this officer were
fleaig?d to be the great centralizing int1ucnccj
opposed to this independent provincial Adminia
tration.
He hai'the power of - approval" for all the
candidates l^r State-onices : that is, out of a cer?
tain number presented by the voters, he could
select the tbre-fc from which a choice was to be
made".
Over the election for Parliament, however, he
did not possess this control. Without his pre?
sence, or that of the Vicegrspan. no session ol
the Legislature was legal, though he was
pledged to call this together al least four times a
year.
The (Jlergrspan was in addition, the Chief
Magistrate of the State, with control over all its
courts and its polit e. He heid also his own
courts, both civil and criminal. The execution
of the acts ol tin- Legislature, as well as o*' the
orders from the "State Department," or
" Herne Office," approved by the Legislature,
waa intrusted to him. Coimnunications be
twci ri the State ar.d its Deputies passed through
him. He had the care too, of the proper division
of tbe tsses, and the control of various chari?
table matters, as for instance, of the interests of
ti.e orphans. It was Ins duty finally, to summon
til the voters of the State every three years, to
tbe election (Rittauratw) of State officers.
It might be supposed, from all this power
gn (n to the Obergcspan, that the Crown would
|gia too much inlliienee in the State elections.
Tins was not t. c fact however. The place
became a very popular one, and tha man desirous
ol obtaining it. would wish to please the voters
'I he '? three candidates " presented, were gen.
?rally those who had the largest parties support?
ing tht in. And if any Governor ever attempted
to force upon the people an unpopular candidate*
i.e met with such a reception, that he was very
glad to quickly yield.
Indeed, it ia said that acme of the more arbi?
trary Hoya! Governors, in the excitement of a
rough election, have berti thrown summarily out
of the windows, for showing an impropi r favor?
itism to certain candidates.
This Legislature, as I have said, was at the
hi ad of the administration of i ach State.
It controlled all the domestic taxes?fixed
the rate for each parish?drew op the lists and
classilications of the contributions to Govern
mcvt It r?eui?ic.l iv,p condition of the schools
and the prisons, and the number <>f eka paiassaHeaw
it watched over the police of the State and could
demand an account ol all the officials, and order
force to bo used on those w ho were resisting the
sentences ol tho Courts. It eoutd settle the dif?
ferences between landlords and peasants , fix tho
ptice of biead and meat, order the levies of sol?
diers, and adniinisirr in general oB the affairs of its
State, except that it could not constitute itself a
Court to'sit in judgment on any case, unless it
w as n case allecting lta ow n dignity.
In addition, it was this body which exercised
the rights I have beloie" mentioned. It chose
the members for the .National Assembly?in?
structed them?recalled thein.
Before it th* measures aeitated in the Pailia
mctit vuere discussed?and by it the obnoxious
acts were rejected. All communications from
the State to the other States, or to the General
Government, were made in this body.
In fact, the ic-ulto! all this was, that the State
Legislatures? or the Coyigngationm astlicywere
called?governed Hungary, moie than the Na?
tional Assembly.
They discussed and decided on tho measures
which were often only voted upon in the Par.
liaruent. Ii at any time they did not happen to be
in session at the critical moment, there was a
smaller Extra-Legislature (CfeigragtttM Parti u
staaff) which could be readily summoned, and
could decide any matter untii the next sossion.
Betides those elections, the erand event of
the political life of the States w as the great
States Flection (Jetaetaagat), held every three
years, in whuh every officer except the htgheat
was to be chosen.
Of course, ni dcr the present Government, I
could not see one of these great elections, but I
am assured by thote familiar with them that it
was one of the most stirring spectaales in the
world, and that all the old Anglo-Saxon ascom
paniments of an election?bioken head* and
stump speaking, drinking and processions, and
?? chairing" and political .-p. unng?were therein
their perfection.
Where several thousat.d voters collected to
|< ther in one village, once in every three years,
to elect all the important local officers tor the
1.1 .\t t< nn. aad where parties raged so high as in
Hungarv, it may well be imagined there would
be intense rxciteiutnt. I have heard, though
not often, of several Uvea being lost in thoae
election-row a . jet all say, that alter the elec?
tion was i oca decided, they all met as amicably
ar.d jovially at the public tablea of the Governor'
as though n r.hing had occurred. At the elec.
tion, the Govoiaaa or the Vict gespan presided
alwajs, with the right of approving" the can?
didates. The choice was made by acclamation,
or, if there was much contest, by ballet.
In addition to theee divisions into Comitatt,
or States, as I have called them, there were still
? further subdivisions into ' Districts," and again
into " Parishes" of the Districts, ot which there
? were from four to six in each Comitat. At the head
of every District were the District Judje and a
board of " et lcct men," (Jura*$ores,) chosen at
the State election mentioned above.
Theee had for their duties to watch especially
the conditicn ot roads and bridges, to care for
the public htafth and safety, the proper quarter?
ing of the regular soldiers, ai.d tba just diviaion
of the taxes among the single Parishes. They
formed together a Court for certain minor of?
fenste, and no State Courta can be held without
their presence. Tbe orders of the State Legis?
lature and tbe circulars" ol the Home Oihce
are tranarritted by them, often to the Parish
magistrate*.
Each Parish (Communttat'i again ha J its sepa
rate Iccal govcrnrr.eEt aa well aa the District or
State.
This was com; Deed mi ihe Village Judge, an
AieaOtfeii Judge, the Se'. rtmen. and Clerk (Vo
iativs.) All these office re were chosen by the
viilagere and hy the freeholders of the Pan?b.
The I.crd of the Manor 1 err had the sate power
aathe King in the State e!ie;ione. out ol th"
candidates presented he could select thrte, from
whom the choice waa to he made for village
Judge. However, if he selected unpopular can?
didates, or if there atre ee.e.a! Lords f Uat
Manor mt agreeing in the candidates to "ap?
prove", tbe lUstrict Judge whom I have before
mentioned, bad the power, after three days, to
preaent the three candidatea for the office without
consulting either party.
Many ol the Parches were entirely freed from
the intt rference of the Lords of the Manor.
All the other officers of the Pariah were
chosen by the villager*, wit':, out any "presenta?
tion " of candidates ; though in the appointment
of Clerk, the Noblemen of the Parish had the
power of re ection.
The duties ol this board ol" selectmen, and
Judges in each village, were to oversee tho con?
dition of roads and bridges, and Parish buildings ?
to regulate the local police j to attend to the
execution of the orders oi the District Judge
and ol tl.c State Legislature. to divide the
assessriit nta among the individual inhabitant!,
and send in the lists to the collectors; to levy, ia
com; nny with the Clerk, the appointed number
c! conscripts for the army, a id with the coopera?
tion ol the resident Noblemen, to provide for the
poor of the Parish.
The Clerk ar.d Judge were obliged each year
to present an estimate of thai probable expenses
of the coming year to the Lord of tho Manor, for
his approval. All the accounts ol the Parish
were handed in likewise to him annually . and if
ho nrg'eited to examine them, the expenses of
the investigation by the State ofheers, later,
cnn.e upon I.is she u dt rs.
These, dvillme .ud.gts, as I olten observed in
n y jotUast] , are the most intelligent peasants of
the country?and though sometimes liable to the
feudal labor, they have become as e xpert and
e ficht It mngislratt s as can be found anywhere
Dum g his office, DO village magistrate, or of*
tieial, can be called upon tor his feudal obliga?
tio! s.
Pi -pite such a manifold administration, tho
expei ses of all this were very slight indeed.
SoBM of the Cesnifere were as large as the Prin
cipalitici of Germany. The I'mtkir for instance
With IOO,COO inhabitants?)et the salaries were
aardrj larger tbn a workman's wages with aa.
The offices wire made, a< much as possible*,
places of honor, and the citizens served for'he
excitement, or for the fame, aad received only
wl.pt would i ay their extra ? xpenses.
The sa!ary of the Governor, or Ottrg**p*m
m*M 1,500tj (about ?780;) of the Vice-gespan
1200; ol the District Judge,S1?0; of the Select
ncitfSO; of the State Train tr, \io, and of
tho other officara,is similar proportion. These
salaries differed in diflere:.t Ceasatato, hsj| this
was the maximum.
The Patish officers receive I tome what more,
iH proportion to their rank, than the State ofli
ctrs, so that the peasants might have more in
ducemi nta to serve.
This, then was the internal system of (iov.
eminent in Hungary. Aud ayg ask any candid
min, whither it was not wonderfully adapted to
train and educato a peej 'e in political life. I
have seen nothing like tins system in any part
efatwiupo, except Switzerland and England.?
The people here?lirst in the village, then in the
Dilttict, then in the State?an: constantly exer?
cised in the details of politics. Each little local
divieion is trained in seii'-governtnent. Menget
into the habit, from early l:fe. as with us, of re.
ftrrmg oeiything to public opinion?to the bal
lot-bo*. They all become accustomed, too, to
public speaking?to the holding of deliberative
bodief te the minor difficultica an<l labors ol lo?
cal administration.
There is no reference, continually, to the cap?
ital, " What will Pans do "' Kach District and
Slate has its own opinions and principles, and
will carry them out, too, whether Parliament
and the Capita] are fatoralle or not.
That strange ir.ovporitnee in practiralpolitic*,
which met ts the American traveler everywhere
on the Continent, does not come before hun in
Hungary. The contrast between Germany and
Hungary in this respect, to ihe stranger, il very
striking.
That there were great faults, however, iu this
Hungarian tjateaa of government, I would not
Ittt n.pt to deny.
It was. on one side, too eaaaravasac. There waa
too little "centralization." The Provincial Leg.
islatures w t re too much aajNaravtai from the Cen
tral Government. An order from the General
Administration might lie for years, w ithout bo
ing executed? or even after that time, be re?
jected.
The sentences of the Supreme Courts, a!aof
were only carried into effect with the
greatest difficulty, and alter long delay.?
There were so many Provincial bodies and of?
ficers to < xamine and approve, that the Execu
tive became almost powerless.
For one, I have no doubt that the miserable
cettdition oi" the land, in respect to roads arid
bridges and " public improvements" and the car?
nage of the mails, resulted much from th** sya
t? BV Any measure, demanding great capital and
COaheeod actitaj through the land, never could
be carried cut in Hungary.
The other irrol dolvo? tea* io tho limited ex?
tension of suffrage.
It is difficult to estima e exactly the number of
voters iu Hungary before 1848, but it is probable
there were, not including those of Tranaylvania.
453,t*j0, which, with a population of about
11 .> I tV I I ?, wculd give, roughly, osu in thirty for a
voter.
In England, before the Reform Bill, the pro
n Rabat have been, one in aixty or seventy.
At present, the ratio is calculated at about on*
in tu. l.ty-J . ?, only a little better than the old
Hnsgeriae I : sis.
Th- ataOB, however, m England, is,
of cou>>. ansah to bo preferred?being property
and not birth, aa it waa with the mass of elec
ton in II; txgary, though roe it remembered, that
there, ?? birth " never necessarily implied rank.
The Hungarian Parliament, in 1M8,?even as
Ihe L'ngU.-:i ty the Reiorra Dil?remedied thu
old defect, and changed both the extension and
the qualification cf suffrage. The right of suf
'rage was made quite aa universal as it ia here.
Every mar, under a few appropriate conditions
w as admitted to vote.
Kossuih, t. o, designed to remedy the old rlif.
ficulues ot administration, and to give the Ex?
ecutive mere power?at the same time preserv
ingthe local and State Governmecta.
As I said, in a previous letter, ruch a Conatttu
lion as this of Hungary >, needed only a few re?
forms?given to it in lei"?to make it a most
complete Republican, aud even Democratic sys>
t?n> C'.L. Bgatt.
Hke? York. Fei> 4, U?M.
Selatiesentkl i'rnal Uw.
SuBid litU> im?*' MM* VC hid ori-1-. MJ t >
state U att.'.e object of t>'Mi s.'merit f.>r crime ?i< rot
awtiervs. but s??elv lur to* patfraM of r*st'a'uin<{
oi hers frees the rnm. .estkMi t.i . rune? through the
infli race of terror peoCtteeel by pnaisBmeat. T">?
Stw York TVi?i<ti# ?tut uaeseoag a* to apply t j m
tbe ?t-jr%e??e?fi.m Mean, bv Mtir ftaat if our posi?
tion true, ibe n pit ??" -n ol tn- prtae p!o m > i 1
jeeel to tbe mett .-rue' tort1; et, am hnttaaood several
absurd inethtt'e of ri flir-ie* p irishmen, s m
?? stckn g tb?- < u If til lu 1 ol jir*."A-. wh> eh.Kild
be- guilty of no rf 1r. f BVi'alo hJtp-eso.
Ah. reighbor' that won't do' V^ur
former pre pi .?iiu n svaataBl
?? Tbe object of ruris'-oieM it to restrain tie corn
m??s;on ef ciime. t> 1BO Breani of the terror which
thepunishment hsspirsa T>rr>t>le at is tue puaUa
rreutof death, Bunleri s'.t 1 aVmnd Ural, wore*
fore, totne s ibstitute tor thia , oi>;?h nent <*an b? de
vised, even more tiiniole in in ?.'?elf, noteniMeal] u
meet rnn be acMuce-d la favor of its mitigation "
To which werepi'".!?
"- It strikes U Itall titleBI|BlBBIll isn 4 push?
ed by The ExiTtttlo its .egiti'naK" issii.-. Burn
iin at{ the stake it surely a ? more tcrrnle'p in
ishmtiit than Hanging j and. since the latter . on
fessedlv dctt not prevent Mnrders. whv not trv
Burning' If that ahottrd tail, sticking the cul
I rit lull of pn s and 1 awn him to perish by
sharp but slow torture would still remain . an 1
pt ;haj. s having hi n bitten by a mad ! hj orocald
id with asva/??nif Uatghl pit sent additional tor
r< rs. If? Tht Btrpfttt't afgfJWBt n go.hi :or
Hanging, it ia e\en more 'tenable'for 'SO UM
thing more terrible.'"
? Have jou met our point ? Vour former; rop
ositions were these: 1. The object of punish
mer.t is to restrain from crime by striking t error.
2. Death is a more ternble \uiashment than
Life-Iii j riaonnient. .!. Murders are comuiif.ed,
notwithstanding the legal penalty of Murder la
Death. 4. Therefore. I.lie Imprisonment ought
not to be substituted for Death.
?Now your first three propositions, it they
I love anything, i re\e not merely that Banging
?A< ali not give place to a los " terrible" penalty,
but that thcvldgwe place to one " more terrible,'
it such can be found, ns we all know it cai bt.
The uahst ot a penalty i- measured by the terror
it inspires; the end <>i a penalty ia repression of
runic . but Haimm: does ?<>> repress the spirit ol
Murder. therefore, so.i.ethuiir ???>..re terrible"
ought to be Substitut. .1 for it?such as Burning,
or a death of more exaajaite and lingering tor?
ture. Is this the legitimate drift of your lOfie,
or is it not 1 He good ? noiigh to face the music '
< harter Election.
Whkklini;, Va.? Morgan No! on has
been chosen Mayor by a vote of 748 to 100 for
A. P. Ilallowell, 73 for D. Mctliiinis, an I Win?
dier 4. A majority of Slfl vvas given for making
City Ollicers elective, and 685 ma ority for a sub?
scription of ?."<',ofHi to Cleveland and Pittabtttgh
Hailroad stock. The \ ?i.endn.ent of the Charter
was lost.
Atlanta, Ma.? For Mayor, Dr. T. F.
Cibbs, 899 , J. N'orcross, 179 . J. A. Haydoa, ISO.
I.AKt A8i KB. Pa ?Christian Kiell'or. .
(Whig,) was elected Mayor on Tuesday I ist. by
a majority of 160 votes over Ma> F. Ilumbright.
the Qf\ ositiun candidate.
Win?; National CottTiirrioir.?The
Whig- of the XXXth District, (eompo-oJ of the
Counties of Cenesee, Wyoming and Aliegmy.)
are to hold a Convention at Warsaw, 00 the
18th of February, to elect a Delegate to the
Whig National Convention.
WKsT INDIE8.
a *
.New Year nmono Hie St. Crota Negro*",.
C> ii p.unrated for The N. Y. Tribune.
St. Crou, Monday, Jan. o, MOI.
The negroes, heinp now their own mis
terr, and living at 'ho e< oaasnieal rate <>f lo stivers
(or 11 cei.ts) per week, save their earnings for the
HoHdayti when whiz' it flics as freely as though
iaviehed by a prince of the blood,', and they enter
upon the r.?>w year with sick heads, debts, and tat?
tered finery, hut the p'ca.'ing reniinisi-eme that
while th" fun lasted it was io>al.
On New Year morning my curiosity was highly
excited to see leaVM ef the dances, for ru uors were
current that the nciiroee were "to run a ra<-e,''
which means ene garg of people opposed to another
gar g to sec which could dress best, dance best, and
spaad most money. The rivalry was coniined to
Oaford and I.a Cr.ii ee people, and Major L waa to
tie umpire. The Prst step was to choose a King nnd
Cjueen. The qBBbacatioii for the ollice seems to bo
based uaon lie tame principle as in more civilired
reicir.imlties, the cauc'idates being chosen neither
(or gaodrerr, ?kill, nor benntj, but money and physi?
cal strength. The spot selected for tbe toirna
Breit,!) aas in the open re ad, about a mile from
town, and thilherw ard from past nd-.'nicht the col?
ored torn r-folk WCaded thur way, to be ready for
the opening recne.
Intheeaily morning, the two Kings, Queens and peo?
ple, met from opposite directions, and the tourney was
commenced by tho Oif >rd King throwing, with dig?
nified cen. haler.i e, gin. bt 5 ativer pieees, full in the
face of the La Crange rnynlty. This unexpected
maneuvte, completely routed Uie unfortunate King'a
plana he was deli,net for the rest of the festivities,
?e t he had expeiiCed all his money upon hi* shirt and
ct utii nations, the shirt being literally covered with,
knots of ribbons of all colors, ids t^ueen. however
vindicated in some measure, t?e La ii range honor'
her drots ol pink railn ievta!ed shoulders and arms
? the color ot brown ttibaeco " upon her bosom re
roied a $1'? gold piece, ar.d telow that a doubloon
Her ma d of honor he.d out BpOB her arms four other
diessta niuaby rich, which the i^ueeu disp'aved
up( ? her person at intervals, and. to complete her
victory, rhe hail obtained a pi ex e of the material of
which the Oxford ynern's dres^ was made, and upon
It ehe aiu her companions danced' NotwithsUud
ii f the BUtgntnceai r of me i^aecn, the vi, tory was
rather doubtful, snd it was understood that after
they would dame m town, and show themselves to
everybody. the> would settle the disputed stion
by recourse to nttui.ffs 1 JJ it discretion being the
tetter part of valor, the Oxfonlomans,being escorted
b> two pemce officers,mareliedoutof tnwn surround
lr,g thtir Kicir and Queen, wao were mounted upon
mules, anc left the held to the l a Grangiles, who
d; need in town, from house to house, till nigh*, fa 1.
About j| o'clock, they came to ourhouae. intending
to ccme up and dance, but we declined the honor.
As I was desirous of seeing the dam me; we went
to a house where they were performing. As aoon as
they taw us, room w as made through the dense outer
nrg ' for the white lames.' and we were ushered
wnh extreme po itenees to the head of the room an 1
seats given ua. up n which, for various rearons, we
were advised to mount; the reason became more ob?
vious to me when 1 I ou<rcd ..i fit rent parlies throw
ira wuh t?rfect gravity ? otogne water over the
diirrers' Opposite to me was the musician, whose
rnstraaaeat was a small cask over the tinp-.r head
was ?trtiche? a sheep skin, aad on this he beat in an
iLr'e?rrb..bl> o/urk roair^r atph the palms and
w rials of toth hards. I wo of the women had small
bells, which they rung to '.he beat of the brurn, or
suii.bee, BS it is called, but the vocal accompani?
ment, in which dancers and all joined, barf ft de?
scription, being combined of a s> reech, a hoar), tome
half dozen w ords in Uie Cura roa dialect?screecn?
howl, and ?o ad aajaBSTBBi. To thia rhymned discord
at^me six or eight people were danr-ing-legs. arms,
hips and heads in constant motion, executing tha
??Giimbee Dance " I could not catch the figure,
tr.ooirh it undoubtedly bad s'>me method?the dresses
mtertstinir me most Thia king hid oa tchitt ?atm
snail eloihes, colton stockings, woven emornidory
slipterr, and a sort of sack oat, made of bright,
wonden.l chintz calico. Tne t aptain rejoiced in a
cocked hat of black glared paper, strung round with
er.di of ribbons, and a long white ostr.cn feather put
in the hat to stick out straight bebind ; a five dollar
bl.l pirced on his shut-bosom and white pants com?
pleted his attire. Tt e Queen wore a lancv curtaia
muslin frock, with lilac rtbton run round the tkut
daik green '.buttons np the teams of the waist, front
ard rear a lace berthe. decorated ?ith steel beads
aroundi her delicaie bUck shoulders; amid her sUort
- I front lochs a string of steei btada were twined
and a compound of while Mowers and pearl beads'
we re twi*'?d apon a braid of straight blaeVaair, that
was closed. white-laCy fashion upon the bMkS
bN head a gold chain on the neck, white mitu, aad
a fim c n.pleted ger adornments After a little while
I sa a 1 er step ten of Uu c.rcie. and. tued o tiTe re!
atramt of ehoes, she slipped her's off and ^Ltel! the
caactrem her stocking solea. After daneinoun.?
tenuj tedly some twenty n.mutes eake ?nd ch. rV
braady, the cuitomary refreabmerts were hanTiS
ronnj a chatting and hanting 4 ^^, ^
er-toed -ome new ones stepped mZ the cln^
as ^raa
whites Kor Cif<f days the rttr?.l ? ,-b:rt e-t?ia>
thief of thi ??' 1 I laday morn,
ini put an end la tbe fesuviuce of the New Year, to
my perfect satiefactioa. ? ? '?
?? ^am.i I'i'Vingo ? We have dates
from the K?(-it ' I el S*.;?to Domingo to Nor. 94.
Sei.or Mcdraro bad restgted the I'lnittry of tea
j InWrio; ar.d of PoWea, and Dr. f amineeo had alao
( withdrawn'.' 1 .' ? ? r.et Oen Aybar, Minuter
j cf War aid the Narr, had aOaOOBtd, prvvwareally,
1 the adrainie.rati ^ of Jaetaea, PabtM Instructfoa aad
, Foreign ?alatteOI Seal m Miguel Lavaettla, MaUs?
leeedlee Tieealatf aad of Commerce, aad aleos*.
ivmed, prev;?-? i .?. y. the jnirtfoho of tae Ute.
? ilor aid of Pou-r. Oa Oct. 10, the G ireraaeat
t- oh into ccntidcra'ion the pr >potiUm of kr. g,
' llrndrtrks, to lend the Republic ITW OOO, bat re!
e, ted it. the terms bra a too severe. Mr Hen 'rieae
j wai ted a mortgage on tae important Is aad of
' s.niaas, which ? r:-ein a the Gulf of |aajtae,oaa
, of the best hart nil in the West ladies
1'kiim Vcm' 1 l!.v.-'Vo are in receipt
of ihe < rrrttt de < era as to the 3d alt. Tae -o in try
wa? quiet, thov.fi n t free from political antmoa
tit 1. The app; a dttafl session oi Congrtsa aas an?
ticipated as a mea.it of allaying this feeling ay the
enactment of harinomz ug and bcneSetal aaauaraa.
"tlril <"le?sniW|;e, <Ve.
H? The aeoel inceiaous attempts are
coittnually ma.'e to erade the operation of the
famt.us M 11 1 Laey . and it laaajjaj the
mm? ?t vigilance hi the pait of the oilii en of justice
to thwnrt tl*st eeuce* of the rum-loving trans*
grcr^or*. Tbe last it -'ce we hare beard of was the
, hl.ing of a c fai with bottlee of liquor, which aaa
takes to lVrti ti.d It was supposed, of course,that
no one WOaM Ifen V el exami: ing a ivflin to find the
ardent. However, the sharp eyee of the officers de?
lected Hu frau.'. led the liquor wa? confiscated. A
wait w ho s.v.v thl apeiakseaj, remarke.l that, contrnry
totheutt-al co':r:e ?f things, the co:T:,i ta this case
contained, i a| aha <? Ipi but tne aafeat, A Down-Baal
paper states that a famm* liquor dealer has pat op
iu quart bo'ilts ? ? i*. ?1 i-ntit; of pure Holland gm.
These bott'e? ?? ? 1 w lU *' c ' of ??ata
aaedcrnil saedh ie which is advertised mall the
aawSpapert as I care for all diseases. The knowing
ones haveoal) It) N a l.uie unaell. s.tiJ proeajeQ
bottle of this heanei tiere ellt akerdei aa o'aaia what
tloaat they wrjah.
tP* We have ilretdy anneaaced tint the
steamship Him' aatt, whtrh arrived he-e yesterday,
put in at Halifax forrepiirs. On hat arrival at that
Iort. leys 7 ?? fl 1 :.i, the tee on her dee'*, waa
full four ic< tes !? e,?. and men were engtged with
hacdrp kf s br- :\\". | it up, when we boarded her.
Bar atdee aad heat* arete favotaaei with a coat of
"frcding." like a hu^e plumb-cake. OMqaajbaa
boat had b?cn satptaway. her larb ?ard bulwarks
rtarted, and >':. it \ h.uking from her wh >e 1-h maei
ripped up by tho titmerdoua sea which UiheJ her
in ita rage. Some delect, also, in the rudder, de?
manded the 1 .t ars of the mechanic, and thase ware
promptly bcsiowtd.
IT* >\e Ltan jMfoff u?, ?ays TM Boston
naealfar, a a*rappar, which we are a?<-it?d waa
taken from a s iiiare, nodieme sbaped quart bottle
ot "Schiedam A tflhapp?** best, which lomehow
found iti way into Man e The label reads thai:
" Wolfe's Aromatic M; tned.,ui 8chuap.?i, a superla?
tive tonic, dtecoths, Hi.ti-dyspeptic] and invigorating
cordial " Then UUowl a list of the ineiiciaal
propertiea of tbe beverage, with direction* for
'aking it, and tte address of the proprietor, la fae
simile, " Waldolpho Wolfe, 2? liesver-street, New
York "
n7* In a Dear Cilitiiw of the reflations
of the Paat-Oilee, about to bo publish? t, it is pro?
vided, that ia ITiry I >se wherethe writer of alette
choose* to ptoteel it frteethealafDfltOf be ing opened
at the Dapartmaot,and destioyed as a deal letter,
he can do so by prapayiaf the peataga,aad writing
it gtbly on the sealed sn!c tbe words ?? fe*?. prttm rJ.''
in which ease it w ill be rescued from the liability of
being commuted,to the Harnes, and Us seal Mill re?
main intact.
B '11"1 '?? lehntet! Dtedal, win h Wasii
inoton presetted, in person, to Had Jacket, is now
in Ihe possession of Purser, the present Head Chief
of the nation. Mr. P. w as installed Head ? ktaf on
the death of Black(Baite, Red Jacket's iinmeditte
succesror. Mr. Farker is an Engineer, who ha*
beut in the emp!oy of the State for several years
Theie are few better educated or more intelligent
young men In the State than Mr Farker, who bow
holdathis precious relic of the past.
ti?' The Sound is now open. Th? steam?
ers connected w ith the Stonington Railroad hare re?
sumed their trips between New-York anl dtoning
lal and passerigera are now conveyed as usual with
comfoit and dispatch. The Fall River line of steam
' 1 !? >n .1 < n ? 1 ed tl.c 11 regular trips.
d? Kp hard i 1 irLliiii^iiaru,.1 r.,??! Charlee
lown, has become wnr, of the proprittois and edi?
tors of The Uostnn Peat. M . f. 1* a clever writer,
and the author of a book entitled the " Sioge of Hot?
ter," and also of ' The Hutory of charlesiowa "
tV Srnatur IMrtRae of Miaeiaaippj has
been quite 01 tTaaaaaataaj for a few d iys past. Oa
j Wadeeega] he fell fr< m faulting, bruising his head
coii!ieer;.biy. Hti Uliien ia not eoaitderad eeaflaVi
ous.
fv*' Sam!ford Howard. Esii.,for ?everal
years principal adttet of Tht Albany 1 nltti ttor.att
eloitd his connection with tbat publication, and
taken charge of the Agricultural department of TU
Litton OaJaaaaaar*-a weekly journal.
n l.'avi l McConaughv, I). 1>. LL I).,
for many ycari Fresidcnt of Washington Collage,
d:td at his res. tree in Washington, I'a., 011 the
IM ult, ar< d 74 5 Mfa. Mr. McConaugny occupied
a hifeh position aa a scholar and a Christian Divine.
VOT Rev. A uousiiisi Scward was formally
Ir.sla'led pustor of " The First PTOahjIOtlae Church
! of Port Jan is," at the Eaptist Meeting-House, of
\ ttat ph.ee, on Taeaalef' evening laat.
tlf Tim NetQpWgh Gazette liai pasaed
! from the hands cf S T. ( a lahan, E?<| , who has con
! ducted it for 11; can past, to W. L. alhe in, Beta
fcrrrerly of thi; ( tv.
rS** The tt itf ii'ortt of the droaniri|r at
San Frai cie.-o of Ju'fge Barton, formerly of Phila?
delphia, lt.rr.i. out to be incorrect. Juilce B waa
alive and well at 8%? l iancisco on the 1st of Jan.
t7?' The eitisetM of Odwei/o have tub
cenbed $UC,roo to the capital stock of the D ngham
i ten and Ojwrgo Railroad. This, it ia supposed, will
Lntiire Uie eeeeaTai tion of the road.
A white nian. named WiUaarasa, was
brought up at R.ehmond, Va , on the Id 1 ist , for
whippirghii own wife, and in default of ?ecurity
went to jail.
t\T Hie Miinfc Li.juor Ia*w hta been
j introduced. Into tbe Senate of Rhode Island with a
provision to subnet ihe sanction to a direct vote of
the peop'e.
n?' We learn that >l()0,0o0 have been
raired for the endowment of Oberlln ?ohiol College,
which placea lb ?t matitutioa oe a irm btsis.
BP* A bill has passed the Senate of Ala?
bama prohibiting the introduction of alaves for sale
nto that State.
rir^Rtv. Mr Sotile, late pteevf of the
I niveisalist Caaateh in Hertford, Cotr.. died at
I.; on*, New-York, on the rJih nit, of small poa.
r?** Abraham Miller died at Mruuswick,
N. Y., cn the lei t: at. from dtlir um trtmen* and
exposure.
G**The wife t.f Mr. James Roe, ?*
Brookl>n, Ii!, <\, t a rc;.n r ained Daviden dead at
that place, 0; tie ' ; 1 ult., for intuiting her.
George- 1'ullofk, who was e? ninitb?dl
at Savannah for tae robbery of tbe Post oJJce, haa
been senten ed te tbe Penftentlary for six veara.
tlT The two men, named Hanks aad
L'aecb, wh& were Utelv arrested at Wehlen for al?
leged kidnapping, bare been discharged.
te* AefTaata I Mleg ?, Kentuekv, has been
destrcyed by fir*