New-York daily tribune. [volume], February 05, 1856, Page 6, Image 6

About New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866

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mm* mmAU *? ? ?sarvsatt tau, *! *f^T*. W
3/7s s?n?rel iar.li, I sBr/sld reply ?IW ''?I
The italicising in three extract* U Mr. Taylor'?,
Bad not mine.
Mr Taylor expresses himaelf in a very eoofa?-d
mod inartificial way. but it in not dilfieu.lt to undcr
s*snd what be Bseans. He is addressing himself *?
m\m 8UreboJalD|{sniitr>?racy, and he describes these
mmoT white?, ">17 much as s French philosopher
sreuld describe the btouttt of the Faubourg ft. Ar
fiipf. fa polite cars in the Faubourg St. Germ liaV
Yhe eoUeetion into towns of the poor and sun 'in
ployed white population of South Carolina, had
swideotly giw n rise to some visions of social e?t?
break and anarchy, which Mr. Taylor feds called
?pon to dispel. These poor people, who V70M
?rilling to be indugtriout if they had the) opportun?
ity to be so, but to whom no labor was offered ex?
cept in degrading connection with plantation ne?
groes, had been content to struggle on, enduring
fcfo in its most discouraging forms, -onteiiding
arith absolute want, and often faring worse than the
taef ro, but yet solaced by the satisfaction that they
were above the negro iu some respects. Hut at
leafth light was beginning to penetrate even into
Booth Carolina, and these unhappy beings were
sjatching a glimpse of the truth, that even they, in
their depths of poverty and humiliation, had some
rights and were entitled to some of the sympathy
Which falls upon the suffering. They were fast
learning that there existed, in tmppier communi?
ties, modes of industry, which, if opened to thern,
arould elevate them and their families from wn-tch
?dness and ignorance to competence and intelli?
gence. This knowledge might occasion an upheav?
ing of the masses, seriously threatening the social
and domestic institutions of South Carolina tudeei
properly directed. If, on the contrary, these pour
Whites could be furnished with remunerating labor,
they would place themselves in a j-osition of coin
Jsrt, and even become slaveholders therm elves,
thus increasing the demand for that sort of proper?
ty and enhancing ite security.
From an address upou the subject of manuf to*
tores in South Carolina, delivered iu 1851, before
the South Carolina Institute, by Win. Gregg, eso.,
J make the following extracts:
** In all other countries, slid particularly msiiofartiirmg
estates, labor ar<d capital ars assuming an antagonis'icel BOSitlen.
Hare it i annot lie ths rase , capital will be able to control l?'t>..r.
assa in manufactures with white?, fur blacks caa always
aSSSsj to in ea?e oi need. * * * * Kroni the b-at e?titrie*es
that I have been able to.ii eke. I put down the wafts eeowie who
asugbt tc work ami who do i. ? ; . ? >
wholly unproductive to the State, at OOS hmdred and IwratJ
See iboaaand. * * * By tin- it eppaar? tliat hie one htth of
(Be mi a?nt poor whitea of our State would bp neeea-ary to SpeT
?Bs i,'*?noti spindles. * * The aeasw?raattea saaaal ?
kry cur Legislature lor our School rasa,every mi" ?
aware, ao far as the country la eonreme.l. baa bl St) little b-tt< r
than a waste of money. * ? * While we are aware test ths
Blortbern and heitern State? find no diftY
poor, we ere ready to despair of eucee>s is tl ila Ittel SSI ? ..
penal laws against the neglect of education would fall to brine
ananv of bar country people to send their children to ichs
I bare long been ander the impreealori, BUS every day4! exne
Sianre b?? ?treogthened toy convictions, that the e\;is n.il in
Baa wholly neglected condition of this class of rtrwns aai man
who ia an obaerve- of thmge < u! I I anil-. pass through oar
SJoauXry without being etruca by the la. t that all the capital,
enterprise and intelligence Is Saaalorad iu dire um ?leve la?
bor, aud ihe consequence is, thet a largo portion of our poof
White people are wholly neglected, and are sun-rei to while
?way an existence in a rtete hut one step in advance
ladian of tbe forest, it Is an evil ot vast i uo'b
Beg bat a change iu public tnattmonl will afi
C?pie meet be biought into daily Co, tact with the rich e--d b>
brent?they must be stimulated to mente' action, a-.diaught
as appreciate educetiou and the coniform of riviliied life) and
ttus, we believe, uiey be effected only by the lutTodaCttatl of
swan a fact urea. ? ? ? My ex|?r.ence at Oraniteville hu
IttsSed see, that unless our poor jsop.e can be brought together
Sa villages, and some means of employment afn rdud th> m it
vrtil be an etterly hopeless etturt to uudfttek" to sdBSBta e>
* * We have collected at the' place about 800 people, and aa
SBtiy looking a set et couutry girls as maybe found?1.due
Sjaaae and orderly people, but deplorably ignorant, three
SBWtas of tha adelte not being able to read, or to writs their
* ? ? ith the aid of ministers of tbe (fosm-1 on ths
Xt to Breach to thein and lecture theuioti lbs subject, we bare
used but aboBt 6o candren for our echoed, of about a hundred
Which are in the place. We are satisfied that nothing but time
?Me) patience wUl enable us to bung them all aast ? ? * It
Is very clear to me, that ths only means of educating Baal
Christianising our poor whitea will be to bring them into s ich
Stallages, where they will not only become intelligent, but a
Snrifiy and useful elsse in nur community. * * * Notwith?
standing out rule tbat no one ran be permitted to ncra; ) our
Bosses who doea Bet sal I all hi? abildfwa la H I toi t bei are be?
tween the um of I and 1.'. it was with autne dm. uity. at first.
Ohat we ajouid make ap eten a email school."
It is noticeable that Mr. Gregg, like Mr. Tay?
lor, begins by an attempt to allay patrician jeal
?asies excited by the idea of collecting the poor
arhites into masses. Mr. Gregg points out th it
tha existence of Slavery enables capital to control
ash ite labor as well as black, by the power whi< h
it retains to Substitut? the latter, when the for
IDer becomes unruly.
The whole white population of South Carolina,
by the census of 185(J, being only 174,563, aeaii)
smv half, according to Mr. Gregg's estimate, are
aohstantitdly idle and unproductive, and would
g?fBSJ to have suuh into a condition but little re>
BBoved from barbarism. All the capital, enter?
prise and intelligence of the State being employed
ia directing slave labor, these poor w hites, w holly
?eglectod, whiling away an existence but on.-stop
ha advance of the Indian of the forest, never taught
to appreciate education and the comforts of ci\il
iced life, deplorably ignorant, and induced with
fo-eat difficulty, and only by slow degrees, to send
their children to schools, do truly conititute "aa
?etil of tost magnitudt," and call loudly for some
sjCsMOS of " educating and Csrtstiasiiia*" them.
Go?, Hammond, in an address before the South
Carolina Institute in 18?0, describe* these poor
arhites as follows:
" Tkey obtain a precarious suhsMtenre bv nci-etloual .fob*, by
See*ting, by ftahing, by piaodenag fields or fold*, aud tow oil*a
By wbai fa tu Ite etfe.-u far worse?trailing wch alevee, aud es
?JaKiBg them to piunder for their benent '?
Elsewhere Mr. Gregg speaks as follows:
? It is only neceeaary te build a manufacturing v.llaee of
aBaBotiee. la a Malah] UM alien, in aav pa/t af ihe Stale, to have
ewwwds oi these people around you, aeekiug emplovment at half
tBWcomsenaatiaa.' ? van to operativee at the North It ia i ndeed
peunfal tu be broagbt in contact with ?uch ignorance and deg
taaUtioo."
Is it really trno that South Carolina means to
sxissolve this lTniou, if she cannot be permit tod to
extend further, institutions under which one fifth
mt her people arc savages, while another th * :. ft ha
?vre slaves ?
In a paper published in I8M upon the "JMbe.
triai' regeneration of the South," adrocatnia; BUBB
aWtures, the Hon. J. II. Lumpkin af Georgia Mj ?:
*" It is objected that thee* mantifactuiiiig eetaUUhmenta wBJ
?artaaia the bet beds of rruua. * * Bat I em by no mentis
aaaay to concede that our poor, dearaded, ball'fei. halfclMied
TtzJty'nuX PO|flatK.n-w ? ,, oi an. oihei
Binrt iii.-tructlagL ti.ri.t*.
Georiia, it aecrus. liko Semth Cartdina. and tin
sjer the mfluenco of the same great cause, k
isoor whites, dcgraeltHl. half fe.l. half-dothed, wlth
out mental or moral lustruction, BBal S^aatitate of
aelf-respect and of sny just appreciation ot ctnr
Bcter. Is it really true th..t Georgia mean* to dis
Balvfthisrtue.il if she c,I, , ? l? p riol't 'dt
this tair continent w ith such n population is this ?
A 1-wfer ujxin C,.'foit and Cotton Mixufactu -
the South, by Mr. Charles T Jftsj - Cuivd States
Senator) of Khode I?la-,d. which 1 find la De
Bow's Indmttriml Rttourtes of the fststd ?Bad 'V
MnUins aUtements liuiibr, iu sll...t? * .. ,.. t
?f Messrs. Ta>Ior, Greg?, ?nil i , M.
Jsmes'.pursMtshavetnado him B^aaiBted with
the cond.tmu of mauutacturcs i? nj| ??.tK)U, Q
roontry.and hi. essays BN WriiBaa hi B SBtrit af
axindor, and even kindui-ss, to th.. tkmmn\ as their
?Bbhcation by De Bow sufficiently pro,c. Mr
Jarnts says:
- Tin a ? t\\yt*X M whtea, UVssh it d?ttM\nd* ???.:.!? :? as* |
theald V*ai with delicacy. It 1* >*?! "o he disguised, Mr otfl it I
be r*ret?*f*lly toctr? 'erted, tk*t t degress and extent of ftw I
tt deetitauon ? \?\ ra the Heather* States, among a certain I
rl?m tt tecriJe elmoet uknewii is ta* maanfar.:enna. district*
of ihe North. Tta.sttlill? mssx wll endure Uie eVdsof
pinching, poverty, rstgser than enr?,e ka s*rr> labor unds* the
existing state of thinjs. even ?er* ernploTrnent of?red hiro
wbict is Dot general. Tt* wdiita fetnai* Ss not w*j-?4 ?' Ba*
sire, si.d, if ab* were, tie wcu.d, bowerer huoibie ia toe sc*.?
of stiiett, roasideTs??bser?-ice adeg-eeof degradation to which
she etald not eetideat:*nd i mad she b?s therefrrt. no reaoure*.
trat to sefler the rang* of want snd wretched t es*. Bot* aa l
firls. by tbsrussnds, destitot* both of etnt loytnent ?od the
d-.'sli of education, gaste up to ignorance and porerry. and. too
rt n-y ot them to sic* sxd crime. The writer kriows.
from jerarsBal acquaintance acd obserraticE, that poor I oath
arn persons, n.ale cad female, are glad to ataiJ themaelTea of
mdieldnsl effort* to procure ? comfortable lirelihood in any era
I losasent derated respectable for white perso-j. They make
a; i'i raticw to cotton niUt where such perao:.f are wanted, ut
nont-eri mach beyond the demand for labor; and, whan ad
c *v d ttsie. tier" aooL aatttae the industriooa baotta and de
cescy il dress sad manners of the operatiie* in Northern f?y
tones. A demand for labor in such esubluhmants It ad ths' is
:>r.ftr\ to ra ?? tLj tisss from *ai.t and hetcart. and (too
froouautlx moral dexiadation. to a stare of. ?' r. tw.wi
Uta indeis ndeuce, and moral and social reers-cubil.tT. BIMI
this thousai*.* of such would nalurally coma araMM as ra*
dents in mar.af?ctii/ii.? Tillaaes. where, with sery rule
and einen**, they migjnt rece.re a (,'.inmoo^stboal education,
i.j'i ad of growing up in profo-ind ignr>rai.c?.''
These remarks of Mr. Jatnea are quoted and
indorsed in an article BPOfl the EttalAithmtnt of
Manufacture* of Srtc-Orlrans, which I find in
De How's Review for January, Js50. The writer,
wh?-#e narr,e is not a?ivri, but who appears to h- a
citizen of Now-OrloAn?, says:
'? At jrsaent. tl* to-irret of employment open to Mm At i
(rare in menal cm. et), are very limited ; a-.d a:, i. eV..'v ?
jrorare euitah;? occupation!* an evil mnch to be aVplor'jf. ?
ii nslfa x in its eomequeti ee to produce demoralisation.
?? TB* inperior grades of female labor may be considered auch
as Implv a necessity for education on th* part of the tmri yO
while tLe menial Hasp is generally retarded as of tl.e lowest;
and in a flare Slate, his ?taiidard m 'in the lowest dep'b? s
* lower deep.'from the fat t, tl.al by eSBM iatioti, it la a redac?
tion e.f tht whirs servant to the level of their colored feilow
menisls."
Th'' complaint of low wages and want of em?
ployment conns from every part of the South.
Mr. Steadman, of TceUMbx a papei BpOB
tbe f 'Mtniion of cUton and wool fattorut at tJv.
South, says:
" In Lowell, lal*t it paid th* fair eotupe'-tation of 3fl e?tiU a
dty fat men and S?2 a week for women, beside heard, wnii? in
Tei.neesee the average eompe snt oii for isrw.r d >?e iot ?xc-ed
it'et its per day Du men. aim Bl U per week for womtu. Bach
it the ? HaVtas mt a wi?<- div.ei. n at labor.''
In a speech made i'i Congress five or six years
since, Mr. T. L. Clingman. of North ('arolina,
said:
" Our ii aniif?. tnrhig estsbliahments tan obtain tbe raw mate?
rial (rntton) at nearly two cents on th* pound rhee;>er than tbe
hen England establiahineu's. LaSM is likewie? one h-indr?d
per eent cheaper. In tii?- 'ipper parti of tbe Htate, tbe labor of
either a free man or a slare, including board, clotting. Ac, can
be obtained for from ?> 1 Id to s> M' pe-r annum. It wii! c'^st at
least twice tl.at ?'iui in New Knglsnd. Tbe ditfere.ire in the
cost of female la! BS ?I" tat I frea er slave, ii e?en greater. At
we bare now a aaMtata B ot mt ?'iv one million, we might ad?
vance to a great easeed b) manufacturing, before we materially
inrreatti' the wtcesol labor."
A Kichuiiii.d i Va.) newspaper, Th.; Dispxtth.
sajs:
" We aj l: only snppose that li e ready-made sbi>e* Imported
into Ibis c ity (rum the North and sold here w?re msnufwtarsd
iu Klcl.mond. VVtt* a gr- at addition it would h-to the'neana
Ol etnj loyuiei.t! How many b'.jt u.d femalee would rind
BsaaaS el earning the.r bread wbo are now f uttering for a regu?
lar supply of the ner --?aarie? id life i"
The following statistics froa the Census of I860
bhow the number of whitea (excluding foreigu
born) in certain State's, and the number of whit?<
persons, excluding foreign-born, in such State's,
over twenty years of nge, unable to read and write:
I'nable to read
State: Whites. and wrire.
New Kngtand Plates.2,3?il,Wl ' I '
New-Tata.im M..I0
Alahama. 4l?,"l? SliilR
Arkansas. leW,7-.1 1?.7H2
Kentueky. 7.*i,l)12 M.atO
paBeail. Si vtad a* tti
Miginia. m,tn njm
WattBCarolina. ViO.tea 7J.i'js
fouth Csrolina. M?8S l.'>^80
Georgia. 515,120 4f.7'it
Tennessee. 7.>1,19H 77,'17
The evils which afflict the Slave States are va?
rious and complicate d; but they all originate with,
or are aggravated hi, that fatal inst tution which
Washington, Jefferson. Patrick Henry, and all tin
great men of the South of the IJevolutionary epoch
deplored, but which tbe madnees of modern ttflaoa
hugs as a blessing.
The wage? of lubor are always low in countries
exclusively agricultural. Industry begins to be
fairly rewarded, when it is united with ekill. when
troplo^ments are properly divided, and when the
general average of education and intelligence is
raised by the facilities afforded by density of popa
lation. The grain-growing regions of Pastern
Europe are tilled by serfs; it is only in Western
Piirepo that we find baiuatl) eiijoting any tolera?
ble measure of competence, intedligence and re?
spectability. Agricultural countries are compara?
tively poor, and inanutiicttiring and commercial
countries arc comparative!) rich; because* rude
aahar, even upon rich soils, is less productive than
? kilb d labor, aided bv iiias hinerv and accumulated
capital. That the South 1? almost exclu-inlv
agricultural, results, especially iu the more north?
erly Slave States, (which have admirable, natural
facilities for mining aud manu fact uring.) from tho
institi.tioii of Slavery, under which there cannot
be in the organization of society that middle
class, which, in Free States, is the nursery o| in?
telligent and enterprising imiustrv.
The whites nt the South not connected with the
ownership or management of slaves, constituting
ut?t tar from three' fourths id' the whole number of
whites, confined at best to the low wages of agri?
cultural labor, and partially cut ot)? even from this
| by the degradation of a companionship with black
slaves, retire to the outskirts of civilixutiou, where
tl.ev lead a sein' ?;r age lite, sinking deeper and more
bojM'lessly into barbarism* with each succeeding
generation. The slaveowner takes at first all the
liest land, aud finally all the land susceptible of
regular cultivation; and the poor white?, thrown
back upoa thc hill* and upon the sterile soils?mere
?squatters, without energy eiiough to acquire title
even to the cheap lauds thev occupv, without roads,
w ithout schools and nt length w ithout even a deatre
for education, become the miserable beings de?
scribed to Bab] the % riti rf whore I have quoted.
In Virginia and all th ? old Slave States, immense
tracts belonging to private- owner*, or abandoned
tor taxes, and in the South-west, immense tracts
belonging to the Government of the L'uifed States,
are occupied in this y, aj Southern agriculture,
rude and ataaheful to the bast degree, is uot fitted to
grapple with dill i ltics. U seizes upou rich soils
and flourishes onlv while ir is cxhaustin. them.
It know show to raise cotton and coin, but ha* no
flexibility, no power of ao^aaBhataBB Baetreauaaataaeea,
no invent it ctmss. The poor white, if heciunot
find hrttfWai wbereou to raise grain. In comes a
?hunter upon th< h?ls which might enrich hiin with
lltH-ks and herds.
In the first s?'tl? ui-'nt id the Bcv and rich snil
of the S>uth-we*t, tbe.-c ai Is were less apparent:
but the dow uward paaajreai is raptd aud certain.
Pirst the farmer withaut slaved, arid then the
small planter, succumbs w the conquering ebaahv
tiou. How fin lingly .t it depicted iu th.- follow?
ing extract from nti AaUnaj dclivcn d a I w areeJrj
since by the Htm. C. C Chy, jr.. of AJ.-t-am 11
I can shew tmi, with sorrow . n it* older pvrtn. .of V -
asm*. ?id hi my nanv t'ountr mi MaU^o.-' ihs tsd me a *i dt
ot iha arlrsa *nd sahaasthaj caJtaga as*astctea Ouretaall
plaiues. alter tsl ng the , ream i d their iand. uiab e to re
-nr.. i e:n by rr-t. aasiiaisa <t a tht ? at ire saaaa aarthet
We-i and Seuth. 19 sesreh of oilier rirgii. lauds wag"-'
;j s? and ariU j ?m u . ,n . . ,,ar
wii .r.V.r plantrr*. with greater mesus and i^inwr^akd1 ire
h..-.i t :.. li., :, joorer . . ? . . , .
an.i . .. II 1 to their Tbe. wr?lt,.v r,w, ^be.?. *au
? n-Ji-i nsM.??,, give lasdrWteladaatdawaas
lest, are thl . I u?!,!-!; otT th uuuir who *rr mar 1
etit Of the a* ?.??>,"?' s i usJI yresJiaed fiwcn the'aa
t orion crop ef AllsAaxaa m siir iU ^ . ^ ,M m . J
IBs r'? u< ert is r> .1.1 c? -d in f1Lii aad negiiisi T' ? ? * rhlta
t? pe.'.-tiou baa derreaaed ?i..l toe >U>e u..-t sse.1 all aaSaast
gsaasa iu several count - a ol our Stats. Ij |!,ii V l1 ?,i c '-??
cast nbout J,?W vote? ; tow ah- e- . .J, wp
Iu trsteriii g thai county, one will discotai nune ma?
bona? s.oi.eelist abode ol ii.dot-rioDs snd intelligent frs?-i , ?
Oi<a|i*d by siate-,i,i ti nanti-et, deserted arvd tUlan.dste ?*
will fhsetre Seid*, in e I .'lie I. w at.f t . ' k ' ,
rararad web tt**oet.! turtagers, u% ra i ?i : asaaasseefs h
? ill ? ?Um um tr^wU* ob the mtoUtnat walls sf tract thrift
v?ie-*e. ?r>d -?j li-d ' oh ??iy master r%*T- !^^e
e^eli/tUt ort? fnr-Jiebed bsM>?. ?
in starre ? f. reet rre* bed be? f?->d by tke es of Jjs P-J--'
WeJre? v nl- ?. ? tie neinfei lorr-a . f eeikiry n/i^"'
tfTWUu Virrmia ?od Iba Cat jlmaa.
It ia undoubtedly true that the condition of the
Struth would he vastly ameliorated if its pur-uits
were more diversified, if iu great facilities for
ruining and ninnufscruring were improved, and if
its waateful systems of agriculture were changed.
The pre?t? of capital would be rais-d, and th..- pro?
ductiveness of labor would be< ntumv d. To a cer?
tain extent, perhaps, the free laborer might be bene?
fited by the greater employment and higher wage?
which wouid wilt; but the aame fatal, overlaid
owing etil which has driven him from the field,
would drive him from the workshop and the fac?
tory. Harrt in laUrt Uthalit antndo. Even Mr.
Cregg, from whom I have quoted at-ove, says that
?' all orertttn, who hart trperiencc in the matter. \ ->
" the dettdtd prrffreuet tu Harks a* <rp, ralics. Mr.
Montgomery, in his treatise on tho " L'ott.m 3fjnu~
" factum i f the i'm'td Statt$ Compared with Great
" Britain," states that "there art tereral cotton far
'?tones in Tinnritu operated entirely by sface la
" bor, thtre not being n white man in the mill but the
" tuptrtntindtnt. The employment of slaves is
common OTCff]where at the South, ,n factories and
mining. The author of " TAe Future of Ute South '
(De Bow's Review, vol. 10, page 146) ?ays that
" thr blacks art ffMtfjp terticeabU is factories ot in
fitldt.
A writer in The Mitsittippian sayi:
"Will not ear sieves treke tenners' Arid can thev not,
when ?nrj.lied With material, mike per. aad other th"?* f
( easel orr eiavet make plows ami herrowa. ke ' The Sew
En-land Htate, cai.Lot make aid send ua trick and fram -d
boutee. an.; tberetora w- have learT.ei the' o-ir st? ei ce- make
? r.d lay bneki and pertorui the work ot L sasi jSeaVStS a:.d ear
rettera. la tic', we know ttat in tr.e?na:..eal p-imiti aad
Bancfarturing n-tton and woolen auoli they are fi .e laj-.rrra'
The statesmanlike (iov. Hammond, looking at
the matter from a statesman's point of view, may
recommend as h>' does, the eniplo* m- nt of poor
whites in factories, as beim: upon th? wh> al?
though immediately less cheap, more for the gone,
ral good of the community. M-'ii are not governed
in matters of business by any such considention as
this. If slave labor is adapted to factories, as it
would set m to be. and is cht ap?r than whit.- labor,
as it would also seem to be; it will be emph'-.. 1.
be the esOWcquenct's to the community ever so dis?
astrous. And where it is employed at all. it will
boemployed exclusively, as in the Tennessee facto?
ries, from the insuperable repugnance of white! to
labor side by tide and on an equality with black
elates.
The difficulty iu the case is invincible. The
property-holders of the South own a vigorous and
serviceable body of black laborers, wh<> can !?-? fed
for per annum and clothed forflOfsW annum;
who ran be hej.t industrious and preserved from
debilitating vices by coercion, by no means inapt
in the simpler urts, naturally docile, and. under
aii* tolerable treatment, " Inf and sleek;" such is
the terrible, the overwhelming', the irresistible
competition, fo whieh tbe non-propeify-holding
three quarter-i t the whites at the South are sub?
jected, when they come into the market with their
labor.
It is not wonderful that they seek escape from
the nightmare which broods over them aud fly by
thou-ands to the refuge of the Free Mates. The
eensns of 1850 found 609,37] persons living in the
Free States who were born in the Slave States,
while onlj 206,636 persons born iu the Free States
?TON living in the Slave States. The number of
emigrants from t ree to Slave States, and from
Slave to Free States, living iu \*?", have been care?
fully collected from Table CXX, found ou
the llfith page of the Compendium of the
Census of 1860. That Table gives the nativity of
tho " uhiti ur.d free colored population,'' Without
distinguishing the two classes; but the '?fret, col
" ond population " is too small, audits movement
too slight to affect the substantial accuracy of
the calculation. On the ll?th page of this Com?
pendium is found the following statement:
" Thrrt 're note. T-tl.t-W aatVaWsNMaf oi laste eeeafiaf fttaltt
" vho art nattrtt of ncreRnirr h'JAiHf iSStSS, ur.if Stt,! I.' r>e
' t m lasaaa it aaa %%Uta holding St<it*t wW? art >jSi? aj Nejrr
" hudiuy stsaw" m
I bis is n manifest error, and I tsjaposod at first
that there was a trnii-position of the numbers, but
upon calculation, find the true numbers to be ss
gi\ en in the t? xt. It is to be observed that the white
pipnlatiou of the FreC States is double the.t of the
v. states, so that the per eentage ot Southern
whites moving North is six times greater than tint
of Northern white s moving South.
It is to be observedaleo, to raferettoe to what
little emigration there is from the Free to the Slave
State.-, that it results from the fact that the domes?
tic institutions of the latter do not encourage the
development of mercantile enterprise, mechanical
khill and general business capacity, and that the
di ficieDO] ill those' respect- is aOOaSSaiilj supplied
from abroad. Of mere labor, there is lhaolntaly no
OMrvt Hu nt from the Free to the Slave States.
Of the persons who have emi,?rated fmm the
border slave States, aud who were living in other
States in 1860, tbe following table will ?how the
numbers living iu free and sJavo States respect
it ely;
LiviB? in Ire? Liviai n alaTo
? ey u'rtf ""?? M /.-i >..-ea
Delaware. 15.1S2 S 7J9
Marylar.d. S?,M>4 41
?ir?n-ia.Ltt,?M Sh'^I
KeLturky.ltn.bsu l"7?M
Mai. nn. U.e.,2
Total.4ti?VVM J7VV1
If from 338,387, the entire number ot emigrants
from these States, we d. duct one fourth part, as?
sumed to be holders of slaves, and therefore com?
pelled to select their residence in slave States, we
havt left 688,790 ss th- number of emigrants not
holders of slaves, and therefore at libert) to se-lect
their rteitli cce in free or slave State s, as they
might think be-st. Of this number 4ti-J,;,Jt, or a
fraction short of levensj-four per cent, selected
the free States.
Of the pem.ua who have emLgr.ated from the
bf rdcr 1 r. e Sta'es. and uho w re livring in oth- r
Slates iu I860, the following table wil show the
numbers living iu Free ?ad Slave State?, respect?
ive!*. :
. . f..r:.:r ui Lirfo* in
m V:~S'\tot. Rsay. Srev*.
V? Jeraey.IUM1 M.lfS
I .ir.,v.vaj.ia.as.417 V?. SW
j-'1"".?o.?j? .?.,::.?
.ta-jei u,m
*****. U i.7 LBJ
Total
.??eS7i m?mt
Of the emigration from the border States, it is to
be observed tha! its direction, whether to Fr.-.-o.
?? I aas Stat. s is less controlled by the considera?
tion of climate than is the direction of th- emijr..
tion aaWSB the extreme North or the ritltinn South.
The f?>jlow ing table shows tbe uem'^r of persons
livii in l-.-i- iu Illinois, In.Iian.x end Mi.,ri,
who emigrated from the Slive Stata-a, excluding
the I order Star, s, and exclcdi: l| Arkaa-as, which
ia adjacent to Missouri;
Fm.trat-J ut ? ...... ,.,
J ?kWte. A a f lias .. ar.. Ird.a.,. ?VV-, arL
KSSta l aie.i-.a ...?711? ,
Sc-uth far. i it a.S.J3I "g
t't.'Tfia. J.lf>_> fea, I
i".'"''OtJaa
A.a(rtea. | . ,,7
Ml*ri?tTT*. S5 Sri
Fkrio-.?_II _"
Total.1*5,7?
Here is an emigration involving considerable
jouruics, and not controlled by the consideration of
immediate proximity. It ia an emigration vi State*
very similar in local position and physical charac?
teristic*. Such differences as do exist, however,
in climate and productions, would incline the
Southern emigrant to Missouri. Yet we find
three fittha of these emigrants placing themselves
voluntarily under the operation of the Ordinance
of 1787. It is a fair inference and it is true, that
the real wishes as well as real interests of a major?
ity of the white* of the 8outh are in opposition to
the extension tf Slavery: but it is only the
minority of slaveholders, which is represented
in Congress, or which has otherwise any politi?
cal a eight in the country.
It is unquestionable that the immigration
from the South has brought into the Free
States more ignorance, poverty and thriftless
ness than an equal amount of the immigra?
tion from Europe. Where it forms a marked
feature i f the population, as in Southern Elinois,
a It rig time must elapse before it is brought up to
t! a general standard of intelligence and enterprise
in the Free States. This remark is made in no
spirit of unkindncss. The whites of the South
are nearly all of the Revolutionary stock. They
are a fine, manly race. Their valor, attested upon
a hundred battle-fields, shone untarnished and still
r?-plicdent in the laet conflict of the Republic.
No banner floated more defiantly amid the smoke
and fire of the Valley of Mexico, than that up-borne
by the inextinguishable gallantry of the sons of
Bottl < arol i a. I feel for that unhappy people ail
the ties of kith and kin. God forbid that any ave.
ntie should be*eeWed, by which they may escape
Oat ef the horrible pit of their bondage. If the
Constitution permits the South to recapture their
fugitive blacks, happily it does not permit them to
recapture their fugitive whites.
It is said that no equal number of negroes were
ever so well off, upon the whole, as the slaves of
the South, and that in contrast with their native
barbarism, their present lot, hard as it is, is one of
j improvement andcnmparativoadvancometit. Even
it this be tru< : even if three' millions and a half of
: people Of African blood have been raised in the
, scab-of civilization: the price paid for it is too
COatly. An equal number of people of the Cau
I cassian stock have beeil deprived of all that BOOSti'
| tute? civilization, and thrust down into barbarism,
thus reversing the order of Proridesaoe, ami sacri?
ficing the superior to the interior race.
It is said that an extension of the area of
Slavery would add to the personal comfort of
the sluves, at least for n considerable period
of time. liven if this bo so. our first and high
est duty is to our owu race, and it will bo a
most flagrant and inexcusable folly to permit
such a sacrifice of it as we now witness in the
Southern States, to be enacted over again upon the
vast areas of the Went Where the two race*
actually coexist, the relation w hich may beat subsist
between them may afford fair matter for dispute;
I but it is against the clear and manifest dictates of
1 common sense, voluntarily, willingly and with our
CJ fl open, to subject the w bite mau to a companion?
ship which, under any relation, is an incumbram e
and a enne.
It is tor the intelligent seit-interest,theChxiatian
philanthropy of the people of this great eo intry,
with all the lights of the past aodpieeent biasing
with such effulgent brightness thit none but the
judicially blinded can fail to see, to determine
whether the system of black Slavery shall inflict
upon regions now lair and virgin from the hands of
the Creator, its train of w iies, w hich no man can
number, which no eloquence can exaggerates, and
of which no invective can heighten the hideous re?
ality. It is for the people of this great country to
determine Whether the further spread of a system,
ol whieb the worst fruits are uot seen in wasted
resources and in impoverished fields, but in a neg?
lected and outcast people, shall be left to the acci?
dents of latitude.of proximity, of border violence,
or of the doubtful assent of embryo communities; or
whether, on the other hand, it shall be stayed by
an interdiction, as universal as the superiority of
Good to Evil, as perpetual as the rightfulauthority
of reason in the affairs of men, and as resistless as
the embodied will of the uatiou.
Fsa. l, iisa. <;ko. II. w'kston.
la IAe AVilor if The IT. Y. Triwun:
But: In The Tiusi miof Jan. 30, you quote Thr
Wathtngton. Star in reference to the happy condition
Of tree laborers ir the slave States, and their OOrrjjeJ
and unanimous hatred of AboUtiosdan and Abolition?
ists. In uddition to JOST very satisfactory answer to
the statements of Th, Star, then- is a clans of fact*
bearing on that subject, will known to slaveholders
ami partially known to those who have some acquaint?
ance with the actual working of Slavery, arhteh
Ought to be known to all real freeineu. It is a feet
that no white man, who does, not own sjavc-e, who
fre.l v . xpresses bis opinion against Slavery, is per
mitt. ?1 to remain quietly in the slave States. He rnu-t
held bis [>eace on that subject and even appear to
favor the accursed system, (,r his poeition will be ren
d?red uneomforteble", and, if poesibie, he will m- com?
pelled by the various perses utioiis of slaveholders, to
leave the State. Hundred* of instances might lie
i...u ? d to aataMiaj this statement; the multitude who
have b?? l lynched, tarred and feathered and other
w.r* maltp uted by slaveholders, are merely the more
baihaioas ulaanaooaa of ti,.- fact; they laajaae the as
H rtioas of Thr Star sJtOgi tlier apocryphal, or trans?
form them into bitt. r iiony. No poor whiB? laborer
? !arc >h<ew any sympathy with Anti-Slave ry sentiment*;
if saspewted of haviaga pitiful heart toward the slare,
beta marked and doomed; there ia no rest f>r him
till Ik- fends tt iu a Baa State. And as :he majority of
that class cannot leadily command the ineana to move
tLt ir warihai into a laud ol freedom, the condition of
renaming where they are is aBeace on the sahfect of
rmau i atiun and a show of opposition to all forms of
At t:-Kavcry. I hi writer has known of Northern m-n
stn ugly opposed to Slavery, whes-e business called them
t. n pican y to the South,'who have bought one or
m re r'l.v. e, in order to quiet the *uspirion0 and gain
the .< ;iideLe?- of the illiberal oppnvors wao give
. natacter and tone to Southern Society. At leu-t one
Northern Anti-SJav.ry clergyman on e become a
n ..Slaveholder, with tu- de-ign, apparently of
duqrovirgt*-. liai?t.tv of hi* form, r opinions. How
en at paitj? small men sometimes take to serve the
'.? v Bwhll tie y -erve tAcnic?lve- !
I; is wt D known to the*- who know the South that
elseebokien raeert to various tyrannical aasthodl to
free their neighborhood i*f p..or whites, . specially if
tl.. y a] vr any rlt sonst erst wuh Slavery. If they oaa
Bot bq th< nxtle aseputi aaraad by those poor peo?
ple, tbej often eat up false claims to it, or Und some
I r? ti ground of legal action against them; and as
ti e Courts always favor the slave-erwne-r, the reW?. i?
alwavs dtaastrass to the h.-ipk-aa and misiflsas ass
tJaTehoMer. laataad of being, a* Tke Star aflina?,
tt.. -no-t irei, <,. ?, If-wiL'e?! laborers," tie v
a'e (.1 i iralJy the me.st depeadeat and aheaqshiiii
white aaea in the world, and Bhaaat as much the ah*
jeits i f pity a* th. s'nves ?L.aistlve*. They are too
pejar f O earape trass U? ir degradation, rand they re
main eetetly whosotkary ai-o.-.ey b* iuvmjr and baaatg
?l*t itr- berce, B?rea?ii.i.g sluvebolder Iov?* nud
batea.
Thai mi:, wirg w.il-autiwntie-aesl fas t has reesatly
l?en aarhfaaaaai A .iti/ea ?f Teuaeaaee moee?t to
Oaora Bed [un haa>d one nutvilre?! ueres of laud
i.ar tic redds ace of a weaithy alaeeholde-r. He
fenced I is htlie farm, aul tilleef the ground hirasclf
- ?? g a system of free-labor
in the n aaf mi akaehi Uera f-,.r fj^, ?^j, owned no
sums, i ? e h ptai '.r, arbe wa* kia aaiKhbor. a<-'n
BB id ii.t :Lut k? .eeft.eg a daBfc'-roras ? laaiple.
A workiag, industrious free ?*?, wjV? rxprrmal ym*
rvnvnethy with th?? aUvea in their afflictions, M not
bseVolnred. The slaveholder watched for aa oppor?
tunity tn bring some charge against htm th*t would
derive kirn of hit property, and drive him out of the
t,lace. At lerg-th thi? poor man'? wife was taken sick
with a fever, and tbe neighborhood physician ???
called. The flaveholder went to this physician, and
persuaded him to charge the husband of the Mat
woman several hundrod dollars for each visit dann?*
the course of the fever. In this way the doctor ma le
on a b 11 of some ?3,50". Psvment was refused, and
the doctor ?urd the account. Tbe case went to a
Jury?such a Jurv a*'iavehclden. had SBSBISjSBl In
paeVte;?and their ver.iict was for the whole amount.
The defendant was obliged to give BB hi- farm to pay
it ard leave his home penniless?a victim of an irnttttn
tion that makes O-urte and Juries the instruments of
its purp* sea. Jf The Star wishes to borrow our nut?
crackers again, they are at bis disposal. H.
T* *4 fdeeVr cf T%* .V V Tr*??*.
Sib: I have noticed tor many months an occasional
letter .n the papers from North, rn men living m the
South, t-o true have been the details of fact* concern?
ing Slavery as I Bars s.-. n it. that in some instance* I
have thought I recognized the stori.w of an acquain?
tance?perhaps BOC. Hut I have as y.-t given BOfJiBBf
from my budget of testimony, because you haven't
Be emed to m . d .t. I write now to contribute a tact or
two m ?viiii? et .on with an article in The Washington,
Star ou the white laborer* of the South, from which
vcu make a ?bort extract;
The Star savs; ?? No others are more emphatic ene
"mies of Abeditioni-ts and Abolitionism, than our
" workingmcn in a!! callings." So far from being the
truth, I have had m.vt ?emphatic' eviler.. t that the
contrary is most " emphatically trae. My enca.'e
tuent in the South an? of sach a nature that I was
brought into immediate contact with the jahariBf class
?not . nly the lowest order, but mechanics of all
classes.
When I first wen' to Norh Carolina, it was a noto
m os fart that a Northern engimer on tho Central
Kaihosd had scccteded in prevailing on a number of
vihat he called " '<oor devils " to discontinue a radical
Abolition paper which they were devounn?', and sub?
scribe to the oigan of the "Colonization Soeietv. He
thought they might imbibe radical notions that, in
tha at mn.unitv. might injure their prospects as work?
men, wl .'.c the C< Tomrath. n pap. r would teach them
a better wsv to get rid e>f the "cuss.-d niggers."
I ki . w that laborers received only #(? to 113 a
month, and found thems. Ives, men, too, with families
rb pending . n them; and a more wretched set of er>?
tures tt an these fellows and the ordinary journeyman
mechanics e< uld not well be conceived.
An ovti>err rcmatked to me once, concerning so-ne
New-Kr gland mechanics connected with the railroad:
"It se? me to mc d? <l funny that all them Yankee
"knows how to write?nothing but mechanic?and
"thej know a heap more than some of the richest
"about here.'
LH me tell vou one storv. illustrating the character
of Tht 8tar, who asks-. H Why do they, thefrmmt, m>*t
" inita.mii nt ami tstf milted ntmnrt on the face of the
" elole, ' &c. In lfxl the mechanics of Concor!, Ca
hawus Coiintv. N. ('.. without OtMsSsdtfcsg the -lave
hold. rv of the place, held a mretiug to discuss their
own business, and consult on matters of mutual inter
e-t: to BBW over particularly what their position was in
relation to the nee-rocs about them. Their gn at com?
plaint was. that wealthy m? n, who hnd negro mechan?
ics, w. re in the habit" of underbidding them on con?
tracts, and that free negroes, who bound their own
Ixx;.. s, to lie IS*Bitty to w alts m.-n for money loaned,
esOBS into the country und took away busiue?. that
bell ng> d to the whi'e labor, rs. The pruacipal speaker
at the me. ting wns a young man of more than ordinary
intelligence, to which'he unite d the irritss ibility of his
countiyincii. He spoke in favor of resolutions to em
BBBJ to negr.es as journey linn while whites BOttld ba
had, and thus appealed to the bosses. This young
n aa was unmarried, hut siipjM.rted nn old mother.
The u. xt day I heard the meeting discussed by the
" influential ' men. The speeches and resolutions wan
condemto'd. Maik this, by men who were not me
fhanics, ai d who had no interests jfl eommou with me
chnnii s. The L ader in these movements was a tierv
fellow,. ntiiely unworthy the confidence of the commu?
nity?a " nigger spei kyfator," illiterate aud unreasona?
ble?Ss an evidence Bf which 1 mention the fact that
about that time ke nearly killed with a knife, while in
a paseion. bis brother-in-law, whom he cut severely
BBSiy tisaes before he could be made to comprehend
that he had hold of the wtoug man, and that his antag?
onist bud escape d. This perron advised to send the
chief sp. nk? r out of the country?he wan a dangerous
man to have about. This course was agreed upon, and
eue of " the Jieert, moat rule/*?nd<nt, *elf-iriUid laborer*
" on th> face o f the globe" bad to h ave his home on tho
demand of a nigger-dnver, beoaiiso he dared talk as if
tc hnd lights^
Tbis is fact. Bot I won't bore you. I have a
" nght smart chance" of the same sort. They'll come
fast enough wl.en they're lie.-.led. I have to "use them
arista in argument with Southern gentlemen?fo?
wl i in, allow me to say, I have as profound a resp. c'
ns for any?ami most IhsrOBBlvbs chary of them on
paper. Trulv yours, TKAVLi.tR.
JWu- Ytrk, Feh. I US.
GARDSF.R IS THE FIELD.
-4>
Mr. ("iardner at last, as we have all along foretold,
is fairly brought forward by bis special organ, The
Bottom Bee, as bob to the tail of a Southern slave
bn i ding k.te. Th I;,, c.ti* the following paragraph
from The S'K-Yurk t'rutader:
"Hohuutiobi ron nn; Pbbsidbbct. 8er seal
newspapers have raised their colors for different can
didatea for the Presidency. Among them we notico
the nomination of the Hon'. William K. Smith of Ala?
bama, by various aewspspetai The Amer.can Con?
vention will, ere long, settle the matter iu regard to
their choice foe thi- .min.-nt and responsible office.
\\ > keYS no doubt they will act with deliberation and
? ideas, Judge Smith has done a great den' to ad?
vance the cause of Americanism. Hi- speech in Con?
gress la-t SSSBsoa was not only a noble specimen of
Oratory, but a timely and most important SUMSitioa of
American principles. The speech ought to be r.-ad by
every politician in the land, and placed in every faruilv.
(Judge Smith was the fust in Congress to expose the
.Ungui s and aggressions of the Jesuits in this coun?
try, and e very member of Congress ought to exhibit
ths f mo- patriot ism."
To this New-York nomination for the Presidency, a
Hoeti.n nomination for the Vice-Presidency i? added
as follow*:
" Ii 'onii.etion with the name of the Hon. William
It. t-nuth, s. v. ral papers have hoh-ted the name of
Henty J. (iardner for the Vice-Presidency. This
would be a very strong ticket. Judge Smith <ome9
from the Democratic party, and (rov. (iardner comes
from the Whig party. With a union of National
Americans North, South, Hast and West, the Ameri?
can party could carry such a ticket in triumph to the
White House in '5c'."
It is true The. Bee gives all this as from a conv
?pSJoVat perhaps Governor (Iardner himself. It is
?\ :<;. i.tly a f.-eler, for the purpose of testing to
what extent the Massachusetts Know-Nothings are
wdbDg to be made a stepping-stone for Gardner's
ambition. A Iksston wrrespondent of The Spring,
feld Republican gives the following account of tbe
Massachusetts delegates lately elected to the nomi?
nating Convention. S>
"Very little interest seems to have been taken in
the conventions of yesterday for the selection of dele,
rates to the American National Convention, except per?
haps iu the Horton districts. The Lowell Convention
had delegates from only ten towns. I have heard of
MBS in. mbers of the party who distinctly refused to
have anything to do with the conventions, holding
th. mselves lioun.l, I snptssse, by the act of the State
( . ui < ii which severed th. eaai eetsoa last roar. Mr.
"hei Wl g t, elect) d in the lid District, "is, or was
tu ei Ihr. preceptor in an academy in Taunton. He is
BB isteUigea! and wide-awake man, and was a Free
-' rr from 1B4I up to the odveut of Know-Nothiug
ism. He nev. r pretended, 1 believe, that it was right
to vote for Gardner iu le:.5, and I don't know as he
did vote for him, but he kept np bis connection with
the party under the impudent pretense that it was
'mers Aati-flaYSty than th> Republican part v.' He
u rota hi ? convention as his interett shall 'dictate.
I BS ad not tell you that Mr. Ely, another of th-dele,
gait s, make a no pretension to an Anti-Slavery char
a-tn. He is for ignoring the whole question o'f Slav?
ery, and Bl fr. e in hi- dci m.ciations e.f those who Wt< d
at Philadelphia last year. Hi- sulrstitute, Allen, was
fotmerly president Of thi CoeUtSaBtS Hank, and is po
litiially, if not finareially, a weak brother. Mr. Keith
i- t.ov. Gatiti.. .?? ....-tu. t-i.tton.ev, and Mr. lirewst'.-r
ia Lis inrurar.ee eofiiini.-sioner. thev are ' National'
men, snd ths Conventions which . lected them s!,ow.-.J
co signs of encouragement of Anti-Slavery priocioles
h i... hs mstrict. the Springfield phxLfont was laid
uc^ the table. Wr. Pnnce is a radical Abolitionist
M ?f e ? ? *fe rDou^. ?t Hbiladelphia to satisfy
?^.Zut". ^'T -,,"ltlon U an 'nensi-tent and
... .? r. mm on.-. Amol.1 \m a eler?yru*n of I^koort.
vublljson IS one of the Representative, in the Hons*
.''?'?' , "" * Mucker. Mr. Temp'- is a
?easier of tha House from Framingham, a i lergymxn
and a pretty tatr man. Eddy was the Sp.-ak.-r o"f the
last iiotiv, is chaplain of the prese nt Senate, and
wi.j rrolablybe door-keeper next year. Ha is up
6 r tewes and a market.' Mr. Thuraton livej in
IBSaraater, and is a Native of tho old auti Cnu?ne
tsnv<iit schal. PilrgtH-sT, edits The \Vorct*ter
Tea lie/'
MAYOR WOOD'S SECOSD ANNUAL ME$*
fidOE.
TT * " eommniiieat.oo'' ??nt by Mr. Wood te tbt
t> n.m. ii Canned last nvening make* a eIos*--prrnted
If < u:r.ent of aboat twice the length of Pr?sid*?t
P . rat(M regular Meaeege. Mr. W.xsd calks att- its,
to his rmr on the nature aad power* of the Federal
(Jovercmrnt, ser-t to the Aldermen last month, and
thea propose* to ahow what sort of legialation we waa|
to come up to our dtstiny a,' the Babylon of the New
Wetld. During the pa*t year he ?ent sundry salutary
r? <. u :? ? ? V - to the Common Conneil? none of
which were adopted or even diacusaed?and he noa am
aiks that they nay be called ap and referred to ap.
j rt ;; Mt< Committees. The pub!;.- finance*, be saya,
have not improved during the year, and ha
cannot find a reduction of expenditures in aap |
of tie Department?. Tin* extravagance he
has seen, but he has not the power to
pievmt if. The five and three quarter millions ?f
Infer 1131 swells to au and a half for Ifjlt, and J
ti e frigbtfal serenes go**< Mr. Wood shows that
our share- of Stete tax tion has largely increased.
Leaving furth<t elucidation of our financial difficulties
to Controller i ligg, Mr. Wood invade* the official /
crOTiBOi of As Secretary of Wax, and with the a*>
sistanoe of MnjorsGenera. Mi M the Fir* Divi*.
,.n KfrW*Tofk Stale M.'.tia. asaaaasVl to examine the
taturr end power of the defenses of this porticn of the
ats a aai b< n seeing that New-Vork would be the
first jH'int attacked, by sea and land, in case of a (of
eign war. Mr. Wvod has giveu the subject much
anxious thought, and held counsel with moat expe.
ri< need nulitnry officers. The result of hut delibera>
tions as to what might, could, would or shoal**,
be, may be thus summed up: The batteries a|
the Narrows, and the works 00 the souihers
portion af Staten Island to be put in con*.
nleh ?>!.nci w. 11 mai.ned. A strong battery tobs
put on Flynu's Kuoll to protect Gedney's Channel,
Ten porary batteries to a*?:st the natural difficulties
of He l Geis channel. But the important thing is the
d.fune from a landing of Hritish troop* on liO0?j
Maud, a landing made in the (.evolution, und threat*
c ned in the war of 1*1:2, but abandon, d because of the
defenses thrown up in Brooklyn. Wo must now have
defenses fuitber back, from Oravcsond Bay over the
bills b< taw N Brooklyn and Jamaica, the right resting
C] on F- it ITllaafltnfl and th* left BOOS N. wtown Creek.
Such a Luc, with some permanent works on the more
Commanding bights, with temporary batteries and j
otl rr appliances, woal.l enable our militia to resist the I
v. teraoa of the Crimea, ?* their ancestor* did t ia
Veterans af tl e Peniusula. Mr. W?*k1 thinks that
with such dt femes our well-disoiphn? I military corps,
nml target and fite compani. S, would pre*, at an ob*ta>
de that even the allied armies of France and Kng.
laud would have go. d cause to I.. -.t?te I.. t,.rc attack
bar, Hsw-Yi rk. whi n united, is irresistible, and at
smh a time no human p-m r ooald divide it. What
aB this has so da with the Ueal sort esaaaad of New. I
Yoik City, tl e reader must guess for himself,
Bering thns transformed our city into an imaginary
Dsraatopsl, Mr. W'hhI Isadf on the piers, rapidly re
\ iews the pi> r and dock systems of varion* Kuropeas
c ti. s. (where the tides are throe or four times as high
as hue,i ridicules our one-borac wooden bridge*, and,
kci ping uppermost his cardinal idea that commerce a)
the only inter* st worth prote'ctuig, goes ou to revotn
met d tl.e ( (instruction of stone piers and d'* k*. That
th. cost would be immense is admitted; but a stock,
ri dcemabb fag fifty yenrs, is proposed, with a tuuuag*.
tax i n ship* using wharves to pay the intercet. Ha
also fuvi Ts the ke< ping of the wharves as city proper,
ty. Such it plan is recommended as accomplishing
si uietl ing in keeping with the magnitude und preten?
sions of the Empire City.
1 seat topic is the introduction of Foreign Pen
peis and Criminals, on which Mr. Wood recapitulates
j hit correspondence with the President and various for.
eign iiower*, last year. He deems the subject one
worthy of national protest and of national resentment,
if Seed be. Still he would encourage immigration of
the bett* r sort, and regret* its remarkable decreases
last sense n.
To pnserve the Public Health, he recommends
strict quarantine, clean etreets and careful attention
to the apnrtnunts of the indigent and dissolute, to
< (sej ools, slaughter-houses, sewers and all other noi
sances; also the sale of impure and diseased fo<>d; the
prereatlos if over-crowding in tenement bouses, aadj ,
dwelling in cellars. Watering the streets is depre. ,
rated, or if wa'er ia used, it should be salt. The
(rot. n should be permitted to run free th rough the
gutters, to carry oft* decaying sutietancee. Mr. Wood
r> Csaaaaa t.ds a sanitary pol.ee af medical practitioners,
to have charge of all these affair*, and then to da>
pense with the City Inspector's Bureau altogether.
Mr. Wood next takes a view of the upper portion of
the island, and descant* upon the improvetnenta there
to be made, Iu his opinion a large population will
be added to the north- in part, of the city, and the
Hnrlem Kiver will soon become thegreat business mart
to which river craft, barges, towlsiate and canal boats
will arrive and all bulky produce be discharged. The
Harlem BlTSf could be easily made navigable, and
Mr. Wood bioks at no distant day to find it the great
depot of country trade, while the Hudson and East
Itiver fronts of the eity are occupied for shipping and
foreign commerce. Mc thiuks that we have shown 4
w aid of pi udent management in the proper improve, j
nient of the upper part of the island, and that she g*a?
fral gOl d has been overlooked in the general scram*
le for plunder. The City Government, and private
owners have been sleepim* over their poss-eseioos,
while the suburbs have availed themselves of ear
neglect and 'taken from us a large portion of our beat
pepnlution. Other tilings being equal, any maaSS*
ing business would prefer to live upon the Island. The
difficulties of communication aru in groat part orer?
et me, and be thinks -tbo'. if the railroad companies
be made to do their duty and extend their acoomtno?
datious as far as the avenues are prepared, much
beni fit would result. In consequent e of the proposed
ope ning of the Central Park, he recoramend* that th*
streets SI snob side should be opened under on* cots*
mi>eion which can at moderate coets accomplish th#
object w it Inn a year.
An ordinance should be passed enabling private
owners to proceed at once to make sew. rs, at their
own expense, under the direction of the proper citf
officers, without the aid of th* army of contractors,
assessors and inspectors, who eat up the sul.sU.nc*of
the j .. ple. But ?o many Idas* prssi upon Mr. Wood
in view of these improvements that he cannot find
room in the limited space of this message (seventy*
two pigc) for them all, and he prom s.- to refer to
thtm again.
Attention is next drawn to the Petlee, which, be
says, is fur from that condition of efficiency to winch
he is striving to bring it; but he is happy to state that
improvement has been made during the j?st year. The
system of individual responsibility has a good eff?ct|
military discipline and drill have been introduced and
eonetantiy practiced; target excursion have been en?
couraged; the uniform ia no longer objectionable; in?
stead of h-ing looked upon aa a bodge of se rvitude, it
.i s.d.: d a badge of honor. Politics, he says, has
haaOalla_ lously ex. luded from the Department, and
to BBeffrhf* haa been allowed to take any part in parte
tt Ltirt-, I r, whatever nay hnve been his previous
practice, when he became a po.iceman be c< used to he
a p. liticisn. Every violation of this rule baa beea
pn mj-ily poniahed; and Mayor W<*al thinks that S< tr
York will BOOB have good cnuse to be satisfied witii her
Municipal Police. The gradual baprOTCfasaiS iu prog*
-s w:d in t.rn? have the desir? d . fleet, provided til*
1). j artuiett i* exi mpteil froin the- l>la*tin?- aSTlut* ti
partisrij t,r!u. m.-*. To procure efficiency there must
I ? '!??< i| inc. i,:,d to pres, i ve di.-? .pliue there inu*t be
military rnle, which can only be aaanlaed thSfsSgh
aid by . t.. hi ad, jnjs.s. aing unrestricted power.
There shcnld be no social ot official equality is th*
I en., i bete should be no attempt to create a supe
r.( r p. w. : ( v r :h. h. a.i . ! ?: . r fommaud. r .u Cb et
Next to placing the po.ive uidtr ose head, the col/