New-York daily tribune. [volume], March 17, 1860, Page 8, Image 8

About New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866

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THE MOORISH WAR,
m
tan the fini, ami powibry ettbe t_me tame the
BaHai-l-?8f,^,Aw?r ?n Moi-two has aow b
??jjMKght to a close, and a? all the detailed offi
Baaavt? bare arrived, we may one*? more ret
a? the ?nbject
?On tbe fir?t of January the Spanish army left
__*** of Ceuta, in order to advance upon feti
which ia only 21 mile? distant. 1aough nevei
aay t__e seriously attacked, or ?topped by
?aaemy, it teok Marshal O'Donraell not Ve*? 1
a Month to bring hi? troop? to within ?tght of
town. The ab-wuce of roads, and the Btyes
eant?on are not sufficient motive? tor thi?
paralleled slow-tea? of march: and it is \
that tbe ?TOBunand of the ?ea paeseesed by
Spaniards, wai not utilized to the full
teat Nor is it an excuse that a roid had U
aaade for heavy guns and provisions. Both sh<
kaie lieen principally carried by the ships, ""*?
_M army, provided with a week's provision,
mm ether guns than the mountain artillery < can
?mi the backs of mules) could bave reached
tug ht? above Tetuan in five days at the utmi
aad waits!- with the Rio? division, which then,
well a? three weeks afterward, could not be ]
vested from landing at the mouth of the Waha<
Jeh_ The battle of the 4th of February m
have been fought, and probably under ?till ?
Btvarable aspect? for tbe Spaniard?, on
-th or 7th of ,factuary: thus thousand? of i
"??fit through sicknei? would have been spa
aad by the ?"th of January Tetuan might have I
taken.
This seemv n bold assertion. Surely, O "Dot
atas as eager to get to Tetuan as any of his soldi
be has shown bravery, circumspection, coal o
and other soldierly qualities. If it took hii
month to arrive before it, how could
have done the same thing in a, wee;
O'Deniiell had two way? before hiui to b
ap hie troops. First, he might rely chiefly
the eonimunication by land, and use the ?
merely as auxiliaries. This is what he did.
organized a regular land transport for hi?
vi-MOu? and ammunition, and took with the ant
aumeroui field-artilleiy of 12-poundci>. His a
ara? to be entirely independent of the ?hip?, in <
af need ; the ?hip? were to serve merely t
SMond liue of communication with Ce
asrf-l, but anything but indispensable. '
plan, of course, entailed the organization of
inimer.se train of carnage?, and this train ne
?Hated the construction of a road. Thus a v
was lost until the road from the lines to the b<
kad been constructed; and almost at every s
the whole column, army, train and all, was hal
until another piece of road had been made for
aeit day's advance. Thus, the duration of
march was measured by the miles of road wb
the Spanish engineers could construct from day
4ay-, and this appears to have been done at '
rate of about half a mile per day. Thus the vi
BMtans selected to transport the provisions nee
sitated au immense increase of the train, for 1
longer the army remained on the road, the more,
?irtt_rse, it muit consume. Still, when, about 1
li-i January, a gale drove the steamers from I
?soast, tbe army was starvicg, and that within si*
af their depot at Ceuta; another stormy day, a
oae-third of the army would have had to mai
back to fetch provision for the other two. Thus
was that Marshal O'Donnell managed to promem
10,000 Spaniards along the coast of Africa foi
whole month at the rate of two-thirds of a mil?
?lay. Thi? syetem of provisioning the army oi
adopted, no power in the world could have v<
aiaterialJy ?horte-ne-d the length of this unpar
'?Jed march; but was it not a mistake to adopt
at all?
If Tetnan had been an inland town, situ?t.
twenty-one miles from the coast instead of foi
miles, no doubt there would have been no oth?
choice. Tbe French in those expeditions to tl
interior of Algeria found the same difficulties an
tTvereame them in the ?ame way, though wit
aTeater energy and quieknesB. The English i
India and Afghanistan were saved this trouble I
tbe comparative facility of finding beasts of b?rde
aad provender for them in those countries; thei
artillery was light, and required no good roads, i
the* campaigns were carried on in the dry seasu
only, when armies can march straight across u
?aoaiitrv. Hut it was left to the Spaniard? and 1
Marshal O'Donnell to march an army along tb
-tea-shore for u whole month, and to accomplish i
this time the immense distance of twenty-on
mile?.
It i? evident from thi? that both appliances am
ideas in tbe Spanish army are of a very old-fasb
ioned character. With a fleet of steamers am
sailing transport? always within sight, this march ii
perfectly ridiculous, and the men disable- during i
ky cholera and dysentery, were sacrificed t?
prejudice and incapacity. Tn?- road built by tht
?Higineers was no real communication with Ceuta, fui
it belonged to the Spaniard? nowhere except
wkere they happened to encamp. To tbe rear,
the Moors might any day render it impracticable
To carry a naesaage, ??r escort a convoy back to
Ceuta, a division of r>,<*00 men at least was re?
paired. During the whole of the march, the com?
munication with that place was carried on by the
ateamers alone. And with all that, the provisions
?eeximpanying the army were so insufficient that
before twenty days had pasted the army was on
tbe point of starvation, and saved only by the
?tore* from the fleet Why, then, build the road
at all, ?* For the artillery I The Spaniards must
kave known for certain that tbe Moors had no field
artillery, and that their own rifled mountain guns
were superior to anything the enemy could bring
against them. Why, then, trail all tbii artill'iy
aioLg with them if tie wh???e of it could be carried
by leafrom Ceuta to ?San Martin (at the mouth o
the Wahad el Jelu or Tetuan river) in a couple of
boars ? For any extremity, a single batts-ry a
field-guns might have accompanied the army, ami
ike Spanish artillery mutt be very clumsy, if they
4-?>tild not march it ou-rany ground in the world
at the rate of live mile? a day.
Tbe Spaniard? had ?hipping to carry at leant one
ajmaion at a time, a? tbe landing of the Eios di
v/iaion at San Martin proved. Had the attack
keen made by English or French troop?, there ia no
?joubt that this division would have been landed at
eyntyt at Sau Martin, after a few demonstration?
frem Ceuta to attract the Moon to that place
fM-Ch a drviaian of 5,000 men, entrenched by ?light
?rJd-wcrks, ?ueh as might be thrown up in a ?ingle
aight, MBit) have fearleasly awaited the attack of
any number of Moor?. Bat a division could have
keea lantM every day, if the weather wai favor
able, and thai tbe army eould have been concen
_r_te_ within light of Tetaaa ia ?m or eight day?.
We may, kowevrr, -Umbt w_ea_? Olim.ut ?I would
ka?- Vkti ta eip-oee owe of hi? divis-on? to an no j
late, attack for poesibry three er lour ?isye?Lu f
troopi were ytwng, and not ?"^aj-tomei to a
He eannot be blamed for r^ ?j,^ adopted
course.
But this he might "?m?? otibtedly have done. ?
every man carrying ft Wr???_'t provisions, with all
mountain f__g_ .perhaps a battery of field gt
and a? many .^??g M oe ,*o?ld carry on the ba
of hi? mti-Vi aad horse?, be might have marched
fr?o Ceuta, and approached Tetuan a? quick.*
Vo'.Mble. Take all difficulties into consid?r?t
eight mil?* a d?y is certainly little enough. But
It. ; thi? would give ton day? marching. Say I
day? for engagements, although they must be p
victories that do not imply a gain of five mile
ground. This would give six days in all, and w?
include all delay? caused by the weather, foi
army without a train can certainly do four or
mile? a day in any weather almost. Thus the a:
would arrive in the plain of Tetuan before the |
visions it carried were consumed; in case of n<
the steamers were then? to land fresh supj
during the march, as they actually did. More
is no worse country for ground or weather than
geria, and the French have done far more ther
the midst of Winter, and far away in the hills,
without any gteamers to support and supply th
Once arrived on the height? of the Montes Negro?,
muster ?if the pass to Tetuan, the communica
w ith the fleet in the roads of San Martin was r
and the sen formed the base of operations. Tl
with a little boldness, the period during which
army had no base of operations but itself, w<
liitM' been shortened from a month to a week,
th?* bolder plan was therefore the safer of the t
HOC th?* m?ire formidable the M?,ois were, the u
the slow* march of O'Donnell became danger
And if the army had been d?'featvd on the roa
Tctuitn, its retreat was far easier than if it had b
encumbered with baggage an?l field artillery.
O'Donnell'? progress from the Monies Neg
which he passed almost without opporition, \
quite in keeping with bin former slowness. Til
whs again a throwing up and a strengthening of
dui'l'ts. as if the best organized army had been
posed to bim. A week was thus wasted, altho'
ag; inst such opponents, simple field-works wc
have sufficed: he couldnot expect to be attacked
any artillery equal to six of his mountain guns,
for the construction of such a camp one or I
days ought to have been sufficient. At last, on
?Ub, he attacked tbe intrenched camp of
opponents. The ?Spaniards appear to have beba
very well during this action; of the merits of
tactical arrangements we are unable to judge,
few correspondent* in the Spanish camp dropj
all the dry military details in favor of g?>od paint
and exaggerated ei thuiiasm. As the correspond
of The London Times says, what is the use of
I describing to you a piece of ground which ?
j ought to see, in order to judge of its uature ! 1
I Moors were completely routed, and the follow:
day Tetuan surrendered.
Thi? closes the first act of the ?ampaign, and
the Emperor of Morocco is not too obstinate,
will very likely close the whole war. Still, the d
ficuJties incurred hitherto by the Spaniards?di!
culties increased by the system on which they ha
conducted the war?show that if Morocco hoi
out, Spain will find it a very severe piece of wor
It is not the actual resistance of the Moorish irre
ulars?that never will defeat disciplined troops
long as. they hold together and can be fed ; it is t
uncultivated nature of the country, the imposiibili
of conquering anything but the towns, and to drg
supplies even from them-, it is the necessity of d
persing the army in a great many small poet?, whic
after all, cannot suffice to keep open a regul
communication between the conquered towns, ai
which cannot be victualed, unless the greater pa
I of the force be sent to eacort the convoys of stor
I over a roadless country, and across constantly r
J appearing clouds of Moorish skirmisher?. It
well known what it waa for the French, during th
first five or six year? of their African conquwt, t
ret ictual even lUidah and Medeab, not to apeak ?
station? further from the coast. With the rapid wea
and tear of European armies in that climate, si
or twelve montfcs of such a war will be no joke fe
a country like Spain.
The first object of attack, if the war be continue?.
will naturally be Tangier. Tne road from Tetua
to Tangier lies aciois a mountain pass, and the
down the valley of a river. It is all inland work
no steamers near to furnish stores, and no road?
The distance is about -"ti miles. How long will i
take Marshal O'Donnell to do this distance, an
how many men will he have to leave in Tetuan ? II
is reported to have said that it will take -0,00
men to hold it; but this is evidently much exagger
ated. With 10,000 men in the town, and a lo;a
brigade in an entrenched camp at San Martin, thi
place should be safe enough; such a force migh
always take the field in sufficient strength to dis
perse any Moorish attack. Tangier might be taker
by bombardment from the ?ea, and the garriso:
brought thither by- sea also. It would be the same
with l.arache, ?Sah-, Mogador. But if the Spaniard!
intended to act in this way, why the long march t?
Tetuan ? This much is certain: The Spaniard!
have much to learn yet in warfare before they can
compel Morocco to peace, if Moroc-co hold? out
for a year.
C.I?CO-SLA VIC FEDERA TION.
Of
III.
Federation alone remains as the normal, the eas?
iest, and the most progressive and civilizing politi?
cal form to be substituted for the Ottoman rule.
The countries now under Turkish rule are normal
units. On the disappearance of Sultan, pasha?,
and cadi?, they will spontaneously organize them?
selves by r'lborn, vital affinities, and by cohesive
force. The people and the countries must be im?
proved and civilized. This labor is possible only
under communal and municipal institution?, and
these are more or less preserved in European
Turkey. The maximum of civil education, this
corner-?tone of society and of moral discipline, U
obtained in local communities. These checkered
countries will easily find each its own center and
focus, from which light and amelioration will
radiate more efficaciously than from a common
Capital. Centralization may extend over them a
?puriou? semblance of culture, but never reform
them to the core, never generate a new, healthy
life. These populations have been ground for cen?
turies beneath the most degrading oppression; and
first of all, the talf-rotytat, the dignity of man i? to
be regenerated. Each of the countries and nation?
alities af European Turkey ha? it? ip?*cial charac?
teristics. These can develop only under congenial
condition?. Centralization would kill them, federa?
tion will mmtoJt ??n?* encourage them. In federation
ia their ?alration and the promiie of a better future.
Their civilization ;* to evolve from within them
?elves, and not be superposed from without a? a
cold, hard formula. Aspiration after mental and
physical culture ia inborn in man. Now-a-day?tke
very utUiOff-titit hourly tvoke? tucb aspiration? in I
er?*- pa?t of th? world, especially throng.
Christendom. (The militant Pro-81avery men al
form an exception.) Even for the Chriitian p?
lationi of Turkey the time baa gone b,y
receive the direction? of civiliiatiou t,y M
from above. Give them liberty, ar/_ they
retrieve their manhood. Reatore tyA*an to their
mal conditions, gire them ??___? gQTernment, dee
forever tbe possibility of a regime of Fanarii
and these populatio_g__-Groeks, Albaiiiani, Bi
riani, and Slave???will each in its own eircl
once ru?h to work, and cultivate the rudimen
order and civilization.
The various elements into which the Turkish
pire must dissolve are already surrounded by
tain bodies which will facilitate their crystal
tion. On the north are the Principalities and
bia; west and south are Montenegro and Ore
Those States, wholly or half independent, w
prevent ehaoi from reiulting upon the expuliio
the Turks, and facilitate the formation of new ix
ben of a confederacy. The Tschernogortay, o:
habitant? of the Mark Mountain, who have beei
dependent for nearly a century and a half, are ci
robbers and marauders by the Magyar liberal!,
thia imall tribe of Serb?, ?inglehanded, reconqm
it? independence against fearful odds, and m
tamed it for a time nearly equal to that du
which about half of the Magyars willingly re
nized Turkish ??upremaey. Turkish Croatia and
IJerzogovina may t'use and form a unit, or join I
bia and Montenegro. Bosnia, although inhub
by a Slavic race, is more than any other por
imbued with Mohammedanism, and the Bosn
are generally unfriendly to their Christian c?uii
men. But their return to Christianity will b?
most instontaneous as goon an th?' Ottoman rule
appears fr?m Europe. Bulgaria is another Si
unit, .toiimelia is inhabited by (?recks and
Sla^-Bulgarian?. The Slavic region will fall
urally to Bulgaria; the Creek to Greece und to C
Htaittinople. The Albanians present an ethnic
historic problem. They arc hedged in between
Sla\i and the QlM-t, ptretcliing their root? am
the latter. The race is mixed ; perhaps a remnan
ancient Epin.ts, perhaps a new combination of
various tribe? und races m hich dwelt or rove?
lioiran time? and until the dawn of the Mi<
Age? between the Adriatic, the Egean and
Black Seas and the Danube. Some philolog
maintain that the basis of their language Mi
indicate a cloier affinity to the Latin than to
Greek. It may be a corruption of the remnant
various dialect? once spoken there, or a new ton
framed by immigrant?. The Albanians are
on good terms with the Serbs and other S
around them. About 2(10,000 Albanians are ?<
tered over Greece and the I'eloponne?u?, whit
they began to immigrate in the fifteenth centu
In Albania Proper they may number about 1.3?.
Ci'ii souls. All these reasons give to tbe ha
mountain?-ers of Albania the right to form an in
pendent unit.
That part of Greece which is still groaning un?
the Turks will find it? natural center in Athens ;.
in th?? kingdom already constituted, or may fo
a State by itself. Above al these countries tow
Constantinople with all its recollectioni of p
grandeur ard with all its indestructible Circe
charm, and seductions' it? geographical posit:
intensifies tbe halo surrounding its name.
Napoleou is reported to have ?aid?although t
?ajing ia not very well substantiated?that the p<
?essor of Constantinople was the master of Euro]
Frederick the Great said something similar ab?
France, ?nd with far better logic. Fourier c<
.idem Constantinople us the future centralphahi
tere. Napoleon's dictum is not sustained by even
The activity, the conditions of European social, r
liticnl, industrial, and coiiiuKrcial development a
no longer concentrated about the Mediterr?nea
Besides, railroads, steamers, and telegraphs ha
reduced, almost to nothing, the strategic signifie
tii>ii of Constantinople, and domination over E
rope, from any point whatever, is now the drea
of a lunatic. True it i?, that the pa?t seems to ju
tiiy to a certain extent such spieculation? and pr
diction?. The Byzantine Empire accomplish*
wonders during an existence of nearly a thousai
years. But nine-tenths ol these wonder? are due
the circumstance that Constantinople wai the foci
of a most powerful centralization, commenced u
der the Boman l.epublic, and developed and p?*
fected under the Emperor? previous to Constantin
Under hit? successors Bjzantiuui became a ?till be
ter-perfected focus of centralization, which it coi
tinued to be after the division of the Boman worl
by Theodofiiu?. It was by this marvelous centra
ization that the Kastern Emperor? subdued the mi
itary anarchy which destroyed the Weit. Gothi
Huns, Avars, Saraceu?, and Bulgarians, for a tim
victorious, were ultimately subdued. This centn
administrative organization arrested the first an
fiercest onslaught of the Saracen force, befor
Charles Martel encountered in France one of it
minor rilli. Tho greedy Crusader? overpowere
Byzantium a? much by subterfuge as by braverj
and, dividing it? rich spoils, struck the moit dead
blow to the Empire. They impoverished the coub
tiy, destroyed the centralization, and thus prepare?
the way for the Turks, who finally ate up the Eait
em Empire piecemeal. This centralization subdue
even the Church, and preserved an iininterruptei
concatenation of Greco-Homan culture, transa.it
ing it to Western Europe. Hut this could all havi
been .btaiiied as well had any other spot beeoini
the focus of the centralization.
However, this ?ame centralization, so powerfu
for external and defensive action, was the nieam
by which poison was spread all through the or
ganiirm. Centralization annihilated the political im
portanc*' of local institution?, and palsied the lift
and growth of the population? at the root?. Thet
the Empire fell. Centralized governments, as win
the Byzantine, are easily destroyed by a victorioui
enemy. Local independence engenders those pat
riotic feeling? ao often nipped in the bud, and frozen
to the root by tbe soulless mechanism of centraliza?
tion. Neverthelei?, Constantinople remains a pre?
eminent itrntegic position for the regiom around
tbe Black and the Egean Sea?. While the Turks,
however, during four centurie?, awed Europe from
Constantinople, other paramount condition? consti?
tuted their power. Those conditions have vanished,
snd the poaaesaion of the Straits and of the country
on both sides of the Propontis, cannot savo Turkey
from crumbling in pieces. The possession of Con?
stantinople would crush any imall or large lover
eignty; but the city, with a convenient circle of
country, can be erected into a free and neutral har
bor, emular to the German Ilanieatic town?. Aa
a member of a Grwo-Slavic confederation it would
lose its sting, and become a mart for the commer?
cial intercourse of Alia and Europe.
Such se?*__i to be the normal, nioit healthy, and,
politically, the most practical transformation of the
Tnrko-European inheritance. Then only can mod?
em improveimnts, ways of communication, rail
read?, bt 'itr.-d red with security, or with hope of
-nrreM. To. make all tfce.se improvement? bene?
ficial ant) productive, the conntriea upon which they
art. built muit be the abode of industry. No people
on earth lurparae? the Bulgarians in laborious
neu; but no industry, no agriculture can ever
flourish under the putrid breath of the Turkomans.
The irresistable current of events, sweeping away
the Moslems from Europe, may extend over Asia
Minor, over regions which were for countless cen?
turies the womb, tbe home of civilization?. Asia
Minor was flourishing in many of her various
independent portion? before ihe became Persian,
Greek, Koman, or Byzantine. Crude attempts at
federation resound from the Helleno-Ionic past.
The Tartar-Turkomans covered with desolation
lands so sacred in the philosophical history of the
human race. They completed the ruin of Asia.
The day is dawning for renovation to succeed to
death. The remains of the highly-endowed Semitic
and Arian races have preserved the germs of a new
life, like the seeds found in Egyptian sarcophagi.
Europe is to give them a vitalizing impetus; not,
however, by the application of antiquated formulas,
but by putting them in condition to germinate?, to
unfold their innate characteristics, and to rise to a
genuine self-culture. Ourowski.
MARRIAGE?DIVORCE.
To thi Hon. Robbst ?alb Owbk of Indiana
Dear Sir: In my former letter, I asserted and
(I think) proved that
I. The established, express, unequivocal diction?
ary meaning of Marriage is union for lift. Whether
any other sort of union of man and woman he
or be not more rational, more beneficent, more
nuraJ, more Chriitian, than this, it is certain that
Ihit is Marriage, and that other is something else.
II. That this is what we who are legally married
?at all events, if married by the ministers of any
Chriitian denomination?uniformly covenant to do.
I diitinctly remember that my marriage covenant
i was " for better, for worse," and "until death do
i >
" part." I presume jours was the same.
III. That Jesus of Nazareth, in opposition to the
i ideas and usage? current in bis time, alike among
i Jew? and Ger.tilee, expressly declared Adultery to
i be the only valid rea?on for dissolving a Marriage.
, IV. That the nature and inhering reason of
i Marriage inexorably demand that it be indissoluble
, except for that one crime which destroy? its ettsen
tial condition. In other word?, no marriage can
{ be innocently dissolved: but the husband or wife
l may be released from the engagement upon proof
; of the utter and flagrant violation of its essential
condition by the other party.
?And now, allow me to say that I do not see
that your second letter luccessfully assails any of
these positions. You do not, and cannot, deny that
our standard dictionaries define Marriage a? I do
and deny the name 'o any temporary arrangement:
you do not deny that I have truly stated Christ's
doctrine on the subj?'ct (whereof the Christian cere?
monial of Marriage, whether in the Catholic or
Protestant Churchis, is a standing evidence); and
I am willing to let your criticism on Christ's state?
ment pass without comment. So with regard to
Moses: I am content to leave Moses'? law of
dit orce to the brief but pungent commentary of
Jesus, and his unquestionably correct averment
that "from the beginning it was net so."
But you say that, if my position is sound, I make
?' a sweeping assertion" against the validity of tbe
marriages now existing in Indiana and other di?
vorcing State?. O no, Sir! Nine-tenths of th?!
people in thos?* States?I trust ninety-nine hund?
redth??were married by Christian ministers, under
the law of Christ They solemnly covenanted to
remain faithful until death, and they are fulfilling
that promise. Your easy Divorce laws are nothing
to them; their conscience? and their live? have no
part in thoie laws. Your State might decree that
any couple may divorce themselves at pleasure, and
still those who regard Jesu? as their Divine Master
and Teacher would hold fast to His WoriE and live
according to a " higher law" than that revised and
relaxed by you.
I dissent entirely from your dictum that the
words of Jetjus relative to Marriage and Divorce
may have been intended to have a local and tempo?
ral y application. On the contrary, I believe he,
unlike Moses, promulgated the eternal and univer?
sal law, founded not in accommodation to special
circumstances, but in the essential nature of God
and Man. I admit that he may sometimes have
withheld truth that he deemed His auditors unable
to comprehend and accept, but I insist that what
He did set forth was the absolute, unchanging fact.
But I did not cite him to overbear reason by au?
thority, but because you referred first to Christianity
and the will of God, and because I believe what He
said respecting Marriage to be the very truth. Can
you seriously imagine that your personal exegesis on
Hi? words should outweigh the uniform tradition
and practice of all Christendom?
You understand, I presume, that I hold to sepa?
rations "from bed and board"?a? the laws of this
State allow them?only in cases where the party
thus separated is in danger of bodily barm from the
brutality of an insane, intemperate, or otherwise
brutalized, infuriated husband or wife. I do not
admit that even such peril can release one from the
vow of continence which is the vital condition of
marriage. It may possibly be that there is " temp
" tat iiin" involved in the position of one thus legally
separated, but I judge this evil far less than that
which must result from the easy dissolution of mar?
riage.
?For here is the vital truth that your theory
overlook?: The Divine end of Marriage is pa?
rentage or the perpetuation and increase of the
Human Kace. To this end, it is indispensable?at
least, eminently desirable:?that each chili should
erjoy protection, nurture, sustenance, at the hands
of a mother not only but of a father also. In other
words, the parents should be so attached, so de?
voted to each other, that they shall be practically
teparable but by death. Creatures of appetite,
fools of temptation, hiver? of change, as men are,
there is but one talisman potent to distinguish be?
tween genuine Aflection and its meretricious coun?
terfeit; and that ia the solemn, searching question?
"Do y ou know this woman so thoroughly and
" love her so profoundly that you can auuredly
" promise that you will forsake all others and cleave
" to her only till death?" If you can, your union
is one that Go?l has hallowed, and Man may honor
and approve; but, if not, wait till jou can thus
pledge yourself to some one irrevocably, invoking
Heaven and earth to witness your truth. If you
rush into a union with one whom you do not thus
know and love, and who does not thus know and
lote you, your? is the crime, the shame; yours be
the life-long penalty. I do not think, a? men and
women actually are, thi? law ?an be improved;
when we reach the ?pint world, I presume we ?hall
find a Divine law adapted to it? requirement?, and
to oar moral condition. Bare I am i____m. with
that iet forth by Jean? Chriat. And, while I admit
that individual eat*,? of hard-hip arise under thin
law, I hold th? there is seldom an unhappy mar?
riage tbat was not originally an unworthy one
hasty atd heedleie if not positively vicious. And if
people will transgress, God can scarcely save
them.from cons?quent suffering; and do not think
you or I can.
Your?, HORACE ORKELKY.
?Vu. York, March il, lAf?.
m
Te tk* I:*?-- of TA* If. Y. Tribuns?
Sir; Yoar paper of yesterday, 1-ith inst., contains a
letter ?beating the signature of Robert Dale Owen.
Afte; ??ulogizing the doctrine of the New-Testament,
which, is carried out in the law of the State of New
York, and wbich only permite divorce in case of adul?
tery, the writer falls foul ofthat "somi-barbar.iifi"
people, the Jews, and their legislator, Mose?, whose
law of divorce Mr. K, D. Owen professes to ?'note
verbatim from Deuteronomy |xiv., i.: "When a
man Imtli taken a wife and married her, and it cometo
pass that she find no favor in his eyes, then let, him
writ? her a bill of divorcement and dive it in her band
and send her ont of his house." Now, I would re?
spe?-) tally ask of Mr. It. I). Owen, how is it that, in
transcribing these words ont of the Ilible, he has left
out'arid altogether omitted the words "because he
hath lotind lome ancleanness in her," which form an
integral part of the first verse in the twenty-fourth
chapter of Deuteronomy, after the sentence, " rind no
favor in his eves," and before the sentence " then let
him write," ?c.
These words, omitted by Mr. R. I). Owen, form the
gist of the whole law on divorce. Eorthe Hebrew word
ervah, wbich the English version here render? " nn
cleanness,' 1? throughout Sacred Scripture invariably
u.ed to express illicit sexnal intercourse. Vide bST?f
rus xviii, where the word occurs l?verai times, and is
rendered "utckednees."
Into the argument on divorce it is not my intention
to enter; and as it is not parliamentary to imputo mo?
tives, I most not ?ay that Mr. K. I). Owen intention?
ally mutilated the text he ?'note?, leaving out word?
which fully prove lhat this Word of (Jod, through
Mo.es his m-iviii.t, so cavalierly, not to nay unfaliriy
treated by Mr. K. 1). Owen, ie identical with the law
of our State which he praises as derived from tho New
Tl-iamant Hut I should like to know, and I ask you,
Mr. Editor, what decree of confidence and ?-onsiaera
tifin can be due to the assertions and opinions of a dis?
putant who, pro'essing to quote verbatim from A bo:>k
so well known an tin; IliMe, "??imebow ' contri ven to
omit the pith and marrow of a law agaiaa. which he
directs bin assault.
Your?, A 8EMI-HARKAROUS KABBI.
FINANCIAL CR1SES-THE1R CAUSES
AND EFFECTS.
Vll. GABBY TO MR. BRYANT.
Ulm EI.F.VENTH.
from Tkc Kvtning Pott, Tuesday, Feb. 2?.
"An Example or thi: BvffUl Of PboTO tion.?
Among thi innimodiitee which have hitherto not bee,, permitted
to lie brought into Franc? from foreian coontiie? i? ? utlery. It it
now Included in the Hat of merchandise to which the lute treaty
with Great Britain open? the pon? of France.
"Tho-e who b?ve made s conip?riaon of French cutlery with
tbe cutlery oftbeBritiah laUnd? muat have been at brat ??irpriaed
at the dlfler-nce in tbe quality. Nothing can exceed the perfec?
tion of workmanahip in the article? turned out from the work?
shop? cf Sheffield. The ay?ni.-t.-y and perfect adaptation of the
form, the excellence of the material, the fr?e?lo__ from flaw?, and
tbe u.irror-like poliah which diitluguiih them, have for year? pact
been the admiration of the world. French cutlery, pla-ed by it?
tide, ha? a ruder, rougher appeal atice, an un?niihedlook, a? ii the
? roper tools we.e wanting to the artlaan, or a? if it wn the pro?
uct of a race ?mon? whom the melul arta had made leu progrea..
" 1 liia ia not owing to any pariimony of nature, either in ?up
piling the material to be wrought or the facultiea of the artiaao
who biiiigt It to a uieful ?hape. The ore? of the French mine?
yield metal of an excellent quality, and the French race la one of
tin? n.oat ingeuiotii aid dextrou? in the world. In all manufac?
ture? requiting tbe nicett precision aud the greateat deiu-acy of
workmamblp the French may be ?aid to excel the n?at o' man?
kind. Ont of the n oit unpromlaing and apparently intractable
material? their ?killful hand? fabricate article* of uce or ornament
of tbe moat pleaaing and becoming forma. What, then, i? the
re ?on that their cutlery ia io much inferior to that of Orest
Britain 1
" In all probability the react? n I? that wbich at one tine earned
the ?ilk trade to languiab in Great Britain, which at one time
mad?? the people of the lame country complain tbat their giaai
waa botli bad in quality and hl/li In pi ice. In both theae in
?tance? the competition of foreign artiaana wi? excluded; the
Britiah uiaiiii'?. tiirer having the monopoly of tbe market, there
Wat nothing to atimnlate hi? ingenuity : he produced article? of
Inferior quality, hi? vocation did not nonrlah, and both he and the
community were diaaatiined. So with regard to the cutlery of
nanea, the difficnity bu been the prohibition of the foreign arti?
cle. Let tbe foielgn and the French commodity be looked at aide
by itde for a few yean in the ibop-wlndowi of Pari?, if the dutv
to willed cutlery U atili to be ?ubject will permit It, and we think
we may ver.ti.re to pledge ourxlv??? that ihe French workmen
will ?how themaelvea in due tima no way behind their Engliah
rival*. We may ripect the ?ame reault to take pice? which haa
?o much a?toniaiie.l tnd pu_xi"0 the friend? of protection in Sar?
dinia, wbeir the removal o'prohibition?and pretective dutie? ha?
eau a? d a bundled diiterent branche? of manufacturing lnduatry to
aping to ?iiddi :i and proaperoua ai tility,"
Dear Si it : Anxious that all the protectionists of
the Union should, as far as possible, have it within
their power to study both sides of this (luestion, I
here, us yon see, lay before my reidera your latest ar?
gument against protection, thereby affording them
tbat opportunity of judging for themselves which yon
so systematically deny to the readers of The Pott.
Why is it that it is so denied ? Is it that the British
system can be maintained in no other manner than by
such concealment of great facts as is here so clearly
obvious? While enlarging upon the d?ficiences of
French cutlery, as resulting from protection, was it
necessary to shut out from view the important fact,
that under a protective system, more complete, and
more steadily maintained than any other in the world,
Franc?- has made such extraordinary progress in all
textile manufactures, that she now exporte of them
to the extent of almost hundreds of millions of
dollars annually?.applying them at home and abroad
so cheaply, that she finds herself now ready to substi?
tute protective duties for the prohibitions which have
so long existed I Would it not be far more fair and
honest were you to give your readers ail the facts, in
Btend of limiting yourself to the few that can be made
to teem to furnish evidence of the truth of that system
to which you are M much attached, and to which we
are indebted for the financial crises whose ruinous ef?
fects you have bo well described ?
Why is it that the French people, while so snccesiful
with regard to tilla and cottons, are so deficient in re?
spect to the production and manufacture of the various
metals ? The cause of this is not, as you tell your
reader., to be found in "the parsimony of nature,"
and yet, it is a well-known fact, that while the supply
of coal and iron ore is very limited, others of the most
useful metals art- not to be found in France. This,
however, is n_ot all, the " parsimony ef nature" which,
notwitlistanding your denial of it, so certainly exists,
being here accompanied by restrictions on domestic
commerce of the most injurious kind, an account if
which, from a work of the highest character, will be
found in the following paragraph:
" By the French law. all mineral? of etery kind belong to tht
Croien, and tkt only advantage tk* proprietor of tht ?oil enjoy:
it, to kart th* refuta! of the sun? at th* rent fixed upon it by th*
Crovn lurutyort. There i? great difficulty sometime? ia even
obtaining tbe Irave of tlit|t'rowu to alnk|a ?fiait'upon the property
ol the individual who U snxiou? to undertake the ?peculation,
and to pay the rent aaually ???-arded, a certain portion of th?
gn aa product. The Comte Alexander de R-baa been vainly
aeeking tbla permluion for a lead mine on hi? estate In Brittany
for upward often year?."
Having read this, yon cannot bnt be satisfied that it
acconnts most fully for French deficiencies in the mining
and m?tallurgie arts. That inch was the case-, yon
knew at the time yon wrote your article, or you did
not know it. If you did, would it not have been fsr
more fair and honest to have given all the facts ' If
you did not, is it not evident that you have need to
study further, before undertaking to lecture apon ques?
tions of snch high importance '
Turning now from French cutlery to British glass, I
find you telling your readers that the deficiency in this
latter had l?een " in all probability" due to the fact,
that " the rompetilitin of foreign artisans" had beenao
entirely excluded. On the contrary, my dear Sir, it
was due to restrictions on internal commerce, glass
hating been, until within a few years past, subjected
to an excise duty, yielding an annual revenue of more
than |3,?O?,(iOO. To secure the collection of that rev?
enue, it had lieen found necessary to subject tbe manu?
facturer to such regulations In reference to his modes
of operation as rendered improvement quite impossible.
From the moment that domestic commerce became
fr?e, domestic competition grew, bringing with it the
great changes that have since oecurrel. That such ia
the case, ia knowu to all the world, and yet I find no
mention of these important tacts in this article Intended
for the readers of The Post. Would they not, my dear
Sir, be better instructed were yon to permit them to
see and read both sides of this great question t
What haa recently bass done with British glass, ia
preeisehy what waa sought to be done in France by
Celt*!, and Target, bei-? o? whom saw in tbe removal
of restrictions npon internal fxmxmna the real road to
an tx tended tntereourre with other nation? of tha
world. With us, the great obe__|, atMc?og ?n tha
way of domestic wimmere?, i? found fa thooe ?tuva
Britich capital? which, a? w? ara bow ?_e_J*?r '?_.
fot?ed, eonstitute " the great inairnMeaM of *a_rtar9
against the rompeting capitals of other r/mtrum, axA
are the most esssntial instru went? now i?eaB___a| be
which the manufai luring supremacy" of England ' can
be maintained;" and in pit>t4t?ting our people against
that most destructive " warfare," we ara bat follow?
ing in the direction indicated by the nneX em'tnen?
French economist?, from Colbert to Chevalier. Vraaea
has protected her people, and therefore ia it, that agri
cultural product? are high in price, while finiihed eoM*
moditie? are cheap, and that the ?*n?_itry bite????!? -?ara
rich and independent from year to year. We refuse to
grant protection, and therefore do we ?ink ?leeper iq
colonial v?_t__ge from day to day.
Foreign competition in the domertii market is, how?
ever, as we bora are told, indispensable to improve*
ment in th? mode? of manufacture. Thi? being really
?o, how ia it, my dear 8?r, that Franc? ha? ?o very
mnch improved in the varioua branches, in which fo *
eign competition ha? bean so entirely prohibited?
How is it that Belgium and Germany have so far su
perteled Ergland inregird to woolen clotf,?.? How
is it, that American newspapers have so mn-h im?
proved, while being cbea|>en?d ? Have not thet-e Isa.
an entire monopoly ci the home market? W-aid it,
be possible to print a Trib?ne, or a Post, in KngUnd,
for New-York consumption ? Perfectly pr?H-ctad, aa
you yourself are, is it not time that you should open
your eyes to the fact that it is to the stimulation of do?
mestic competition for the purcbaee of raw materialiT,
and for the sale of finished commodities, w? mast toolc
for any and every increase in th') wealth, htppine??,
and freedom of our people?
The mor? perfect the pof?e.?sion of the do?ne*t.c mar?
ket, the greater is the power to supply the f?rny a one
?Thi Tbibini being enabled to supply its dis.?at
subscribers so very cheaply, for the reason that it and
its fellow? have to fear no competition for home adver?
tisement? from The London Times, or Post. " Thi?
principle," as you yourself hare most truly ?aid,
" It common to every bin Ines?. Every maoufaetnrer oral?Al'xn
It, liy alwiyi illowiu? the purchaser of large qatntitrei of hi?
turvliit i. ?nti'icturc in kIviii??e over the anmettic eoatum?*r(
fur the tlmpl? reuon thtt tue doroe?tlc coniumer mutt iupp?/i
(ht munii?i(ur?r, and t* tee qutntllv of fO"?l* r*ntom?t,l ?'iiom?
It very n-tioli larger tian that tent ihroad, it II the hibit of th?
Dmuffiorer to tend hi? turplut ?broad *nd t?'U at aey pn?-e. mm
sa to relieve the mark, t of i snrplui which might deprea? prices,
at home, and compel him to work at litt? or no profit.''
Admitting now that it were possible for Thy ?xnnloie
Tune.' to ?'ipply, on every ?evening, a paper prtx'iae'j
similar to your*?furting abroad the surplus, and lell
ing " at any price so as to relieve the domosHa m?j>
ket," would you not be among th? tint to demand pro?
tection against the system f Would you not _-eur?
your readers of the entire Impo-ibillty of maintaining'
competition against a journal, all of whose eipensea
of composition and ?ditorship were paid by the homo
market?leaving its proprietors to look abroad for little
more iban the meie cost of paper and preas-rork?
Would you not demonstrate to them the abeolute ne?
cessity of protecting thtmsehes against a " warfare"
that must inevitably result in the creation of a " litt?,
oligarchy" of monopolists who, when domee-ac octn
petition had been finally broken down, would cotnpe]
them to pay ten cents for a journal neither larger nor
better than they now obtain for two? Aasure?ly,"
you would.
Addiessing such arguments to your British free-trail*.
fi ieii'ls.they would, however, refer you to the oolomns of
The Post, begging you to study the aaeurance that ha{
there been given, that?
"Whenever the court?* of financial flu.to*? on ?hall barm
broken the hold of monopolists and spe,-latort upon the*??>??*? of
iron tnd coal, which the Almighty mid* for the commou utt ot
roan, iini whenever there ?bail be men of skill tad eoterpriie to
spare to go into tbe buiineii of iron-mtkiut for a living, and not
on ipecolitton, who ihill let their wit? It it to And ont the b--??.
wtyi tnd tbe cbcape*4 proceise?. It oio.it be that inch id iband
tr-i'e both of ore and fuel cm be made to yield plenty of iron, 1st
?pits of the competition of European Iron muten who have to
bring tbeir product t three thoattnd mllet to lind ? market "
To all this yon would of course reply, that " fi__7r?
??al fluctuation?'' created monopolies, and " never
broke their hold;" thai men of " ski?! and enterpriso"
were not generally rich enough to compete with such
rival? as The Louden Times . that domestic competi?
tion had already given u? " cheaper way? and chnop?
pr?c?ce?otB'' than any other country in the world ; that
the freight of a sheet of paper was as nothing eo?_
? pared with the cost of editorship and composition;
that all these latter costs were, in the ea-st* of th? British"1
journals, paid by the domestic market; that " the do?
mestic consumers supported the British ?__ira_t- tarer; ?*?
that the quantity of journals consumed at home was so
very great that their producer? could afford M seQ
abroad " at any price' ?thereby " relieving the mar?
ket of a surplus which might depress prices at homo,
and compel them to work at little or no profit;" and
that, for all these reasons, it was absolutely neee?__i""?
to grant yon such protection as would give yon the)
aame security in the domestic market a? was then en?
joyed by your foreign rivals ?
Would not all this be equally true if ?aid to-?lay of
our producer? of cloth and iron, coal and lead ' Do?B
the policy you advocate tend to place them in a p?">_tio_
successfully to contend with those Hritieh manrafacturerB
who " voluntarily incur immense l<a***es, in bad times, La
order to destroy foreign competition, and to gain and,
keep possession of foreign market? ?" Can they resist
the action of tbe owners of thooe " groat accumula?
tions of capital ' which bave been made at our cost. an?l
are now being used to " enable a few of ?he _*>?_
wealthy capitalist? to overwhelm all foreign compet?-?
tion in time? of great depression"?thereby largely
adding to their already enormou? fortune?, " beforo
foreign capital can again accumulate to such an extent
as to be able to establish a competition in prices wiih
any chance of su?**ceos ?" Can it bo to the interest of
any country to leave it? miner? and manufacturers ex
posed to a" warfare" such a? is here officially de?
clared ? Do not they stand as much in need of proteo
tion, for the sake of the consumers, as yon would do irj
the case enpposed ? Does not yonr own expenenc?
prove that the more perfect the security of the ?aanrj,
facturer in the domestic market, the greater is the len
?leiiry to that increase of domestic competition which
tends to increase the price? of raw materials, whilO
lessening the cost o ' cloth and iron ? Do not meo, ev?
erywhere, become more free, aa that t-mp*?tit.?*tt
grows, and as employment? become more diver-tie?! ?
I? not, then, the question we are discussing, one of th?
fteedom and happiness of your fellow-men ? If ao, ia
it worthy of you to offer to your reader? ?nch argu?
ments as are contained in the article above repi?_.t-?d f
Holding myself, as always heretofore, i-ettdv to giva
to my readers your replies to the <*u??ttione I have pat,
I remain, my dear Sir,
Your*, Yerytrtily. ___
W (\ Brtast, En*. rlENKY C. CJlRl'Y.
Philadelphia, Mirrh 13, 11*50.
ORANGE COUNTY.
lorrwpondence of Tbe N. I. Trlbua*.
Montoobiky, Obanu* Co., March 14, 18tX).
The elec'ion of town officers yesterday retume-1 Mr.
Rapelje as Sapsrvisor by a majority of IJ-I in a tolol
vote of o4-l?hi? majority beiog 1?. more than last ye tr,
though the vote is ??5 lea? than that of last Spring.
All t_e Republican candidates were elected (s**?.* ??-?
Collector), by majorit?o? ranging from 51 to ll?-av
erage on all ol?aeto-, 84. _
P. 8.?Charleo Thompeon (Dam.) is ?leetod Stir-sr
visor of the town of Hamptonburgh by 52 m-uni?.
The remainder of the Demo-cratlc ticket ha? ?? aatl*
Dkath or WiLLiAB B?ACH.-Tho painful ?ppre
henidon expreitrad iu yesterday*? *^"**"?, fttmtnm
but too soon. Mr. lieach expired, at 4 o cb-a ?e?ua
dar. Intelligent- of thi? ?vent will difluM ggf
?monga wide cirai? h?re and ?? -Baa_^i_f fjf
city he wa? a mo?t ac?ve and ^mmeMatlMMm.
Generous, w-_m-he?4-rlod, energetic, and ?*?^mt^t
character via? one both to elicit and to ?**-^*r"*
friendship. H? iafBMI?*l_ tBB ?^-??jfttfJag
District with ability In the Sanata from 1?0 U) ?J?
Ttis Winter ho earn? to Albany, a few w^ak? ?^
and was stopwug at th? DaUvan Hotia. wb?B jroj
tret4?d by tboniifctM? which led ao rsai?-rdlyJo ? ???
tomination. Mr. lloach wa? b th?jB ^J^T
unmarrktl. Hkt remaJ?? wore taken ^??mrkJr
day by hi? brother-m-low, Bporieor 8. ttomdM?.m-t
totuiiermtnt. lAlbany Kvoatog Jiaaraal, l?-tlt.