New-York tribune. [volume], March 04, 1888, Page 14, Image 14

About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

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THE NEGRO QUESTION.
ST GEORGE W. CAJ-Ltt,
W
V VAST n_OBLEM AND ITS ONLY SOLUTION.'
tm. TACTS ANT. TIIHIli RKI.ATIONR-WHAT TIIK
WAR DID AND LK.T 'JNIrONE-INHElUTl-O
luaooaonnoM and a orocndi_-_?*
?Tl* -HIiTl-TT N IN THE UAM)-"
ot m tobra.
The mst; r that la mail *._e subject of thl*. p?ix*r ts not
to-day the meat promt ii .* hot lt i? thc grsvest, In
Amv.lcaii affairs, lt ls ana Ul**" ttaBBB, of late years, aa
wc -light n-, much Inattention has been carefully be?
st, wed. _t bas bra-caw a dreaded t_u??Uon. We are
n.t paaMaaVy InJolciL We sr* dealing courageously
will, tuny *?? .us problcma. We adrult thai no nation j t
hts rei *. ' eta naam anl oppres-.ii> i from lu skins j i
that '? maj set dy or honorably ult donn In a stat, of
inc rc* n ll le and ?a-*iric'i.v', preoacui*ltt.n. And ycl the
macer mat gi vs* ut d-? ly the profoundest unrest goes
dally by default Thc Nttiou's bluer experiences with tt
In yeoae past, the binung oninplWatlons that men more
running than witt.' ha.'e vcven around lt, Its proneness to
swallow ?p all other qur-stlona and tho eruption* of ran?
cor and strife thru attend every least sign of Its upon
?ancona iTo-K-Ding, have made lt such s weariness mid of?
ten.e te ike (trott majority, tod especially to our com?
mercial Impatience,, that ths public mind In large part
assperly accepts IBB dangt iona comfort of postponement.
Whtt ls u. * Question T buperdci.illy lt is whether a
?" .aln seven millloDt ot tho people, oue ninth ot tho
v I, if. dv.-;,'h.- In ind native* tn thc (southern Staten of
th? Ci bri. and br law sn undifTerentitted part of ths
Nation, have or have not tr.e same full ir-cisure of the
American t itiren't rights thal they would have were they
entirely of European instead of wholly or partly African
J'- -ni Thc seven millions concerning whom the ques?
tion lt stkod answer at tra ilk one voice th.it they ham not.
Millions in ti.e Northern butt-, ted thou-soida In tho
Routh*rn, of whliet, make thc ssms reply. While
ethel- milli.>nt of whites, in North and South. respond not ,
so often with s flat contradiction, a*, with s decltrstlon
far more disconcerting. For the "Southerner" speak-!
truly when ho retort* that nowhere (n the entire Union, )
either North or IS, I th, are the disadvantages of borne a |
black, or partly Mack, man conOned entirely to the rela?
tions of domestic life and private society | but that tn
every i art there- lt a portion a', leant of thc community
that doet not rltlro fer, or even willingly yield to the ne?
gro, tho whole calendar of Am*! lean lluhts in the same
far-reaching amplitude and tsoredncst that tiny do for or
to QM white, man. The Southern wht'e man points to
thousand* of Northern ted Wi n?m f_rt.t';en, counting
rooms, schools, hotels, churches and guilds, tttd tliete at?
test tiie troth of hi* counteTch .rg?. Nowhere- In the
Viiited ^latet lt Ihol-o a whole con.murilty from which Hie
liltck man, after his phys! al, mental and moral chaiacter
have been duly weighed. If they be wrl_herl r. all, 1* not
liablo to tufter an um xplair ed discount for mere color and
race, which he would have to Huffer publicly In no oilier
country of the crlii'htcned world. Th's helng mc fact
then, In varying OtOieea according to locality, wliat does
lt prove 1 Only lint thl* cannot bc the real point of Issue
between North and South, and that this superii-ial defini?
tion ls not tho true one.
rutting URMO mee OltT-ro---?? of d'gree, Ihe nucst'on
ls not. Are these things sol but, OOfM they so to bel
To U.i* a ltrgo n_t.lr.rlty In th.I Northern Slates from nil
classes, with a small minority of tl," Bentham whit' - ilse
from all ranks of life, and Ihe whole M*\en million WaekS
Irrespective ef party leanings, answer No. Ou the other
hand, a largo majority of the whites In the Southorn
feutes?large as to trie white peyola len of those Uni H
but a v."y sn-il' m n,, Vb In Cio Nation ?? I
a Vt li. ii -nt '? V.*; tlc sc thine-. ,.',.,ul 1 anl sh.ill I I SO.1
Hut how d.cs this snuli B-Oostty maintain Itself, ii
Bl owing to thc familiar fact lear. alrr,,,??h livmiv
v ' thors ls a constant appeal Ut the
majority of the v hoi.- ; i tpls, Iks san I BekOBM | isi l las ai*,,
for the defence of local interest* against r;i~h at-.mus of
National irajcrltlr* by a parallel counter-appeal (c- BStontly
tlir ,.>.h Its s< nate and at tln."s lu ..tier ways] to the
?maj,.Hiv, int cf the people en ?BOBS but of thc MitM tri
th";r corporate capacity. Now, I very latte' B-hMrlty la
tte Nonie rn States, whoso own private declaration wooli
? i.st a d;IToi .co hetWMO while men's rljrhta arid
i - rights, nevertheless rcfu^o now, as Ikey re?
fused kaine tha Qt. war. ts anawa with a plain Tm bi
Ne. t,ot ralmain, wi'h gmt Se nth. rn white rub- patty, that
whether these thlmrs BOgM so to l?e or not I* I ?|i'*"tlon
? .-ry Mata BMMl be allow. 1 t" BBBWOI fer and tri
Ml ' a'^ue; thus ko altering the voice of ihe Nation.
when lt -j ir. - ' Btaaaq as virtually to nullify that MOB*
BSa ansvaer which would k> fiann by a ina. ritv of lha
whole mst* 'c. In thc Ci.ll Rights bill the verdi.! ?f th.
mm OM MM |-TM aealii-t all race dis.rln IMUS* In
til malters of public lights whatsoever, and for con lin li ft
lt within that liuo domain?of private choice?to which the
Judfm-nt cf BSO*f CI.i i-tI ?n natl mt tons'?..* lt. Tl ul tka
Civil J'.iphtfl bill, never pric'.icallJ eiT.tiiv. in the com
BBM-itlM WkBM U|,j,' r i.n.i,* wiro hostilo to it, ha- lat, Iv
pselahai Iri Ikl National Supreme Court, and the Senate
n.aj.nity that piassod it WM loni a,"o leal by re\oltitions in
the Southern Stairs. Thus, hy a fm; lairjental BMV-SlM
tn thc NaLit'iial Cv IMBI nt, Intended for the very pur
|;nv> of prot'Ctlng '.lu- WMk from the ftroup, u -niall
National mln.rlty ls enabled to withstand thc pre-sure of
an Immense majority.
Whether this ls hy a right or wrong ute of the provis?
ion ll an laaaaoraMa part of tho open question. Thc
Weak are protct-d from the strong, but the Mill weaker
ire delivered into tho !iand3 of the strong. Seven millions
ef tho Kalli*, myilly poor. If-Manl and degraded, are
left for the definition and enjoyment of rights wortli moro
than safety or BBOMtty to the 'ud_ment of some ten other
Bii!llr.ns of iinfiuestlonc 1 intellii.'(-r.ce and virtue, hut whose
Intelllrenc- and vlitue were not materially less when,
with a co\,isgo and p*VW?M never towmtttmB, they drenched
their own lard with tkStl own blood tn k-i-p the*o darker
millions In slavery. However, he it. I use or an abuse of
the Nation's scheme of order; be lt rtprit ot wrong: this
lt politically the ttroDghold of the conservative i*rty In
the So'ithern Stat.-s; ard lt ts nude stronger still, fcteel
Cl?d ind turreted, as lt wore, with the tremendous advan?
tage of the status quo-that established rider of th'ngs
which, good M bad, un'.il lt lo.on.ei- lntolorar-le to them
?elve*. n.en will notr attack Wltfe an energy cqudI to
that wi'.h which lt lt defmd?d.
Bul political strength lt little hy Itself. The military
maxim, that no tatBMM are strong without force cin.uarh
In them to occupy their line, lt tiu. of civil affairs. En
tr. in hnierit In thc 1. uer of a constitution avails little with
the poonta al largo ou either side of a quo-Uoii. unless the
lu.,- ?.f that entrenchment it occupied by a living convic?
tion of btlrig in Iho right. Tlie most ul'ra Sonllievn po
Bltlon on tho negio qjcslkn h?s gm el ?ment. of aBWBgth
close akin to thia To bo right ls the only tva', r.ccc tity ;
but where ls tho rcruuiutiity lh?t will nor n,ake and de?
fend with tr a-ore and h'(.oi thc assumption tliat what ls
necesnary ls richi 1 "Southerners," In thc political BMM
of -he term, may son.: .'in.-t lack a e'ear, firm-founded be?
lief ibst they arc right: they may havo no more than a
n-ttlt-se .nnlldcuce that fibers arc as wrong as they; bur
they have at least a profound t..' vlctlon that they arc
moved by an imminent, unr-mlitl'ig, Imperative nereaslty.
Not Hist thit ls ill: hun'lr-3-s of thousands ot Hom, Inca?
pacitated by this very conviction from failing Into svopa
thy w'lli i),. lr-t n,. ',-ni IfeOOfkl baa" bren tBOgkl and
ti. i.aiulng and teaching, not only on the hustlngt, but
in s> li. ol, in (nil. _'?-? |S thc fi t -Ile, Din nth tha (''-liv
pres*, lu tin- Beeta! elide and tn chuich, that tu their at
Woke cn the netjro qm.tt.in they aw legally, m.iully and
Cinirvly righi
AN ACTUAL f'.r.lI.VANCK, RT WAY OF BXkmTBLF.
Now, sj.-ciflcally, WhOl are these thlnfs that the ma
Joiity of a fre" nation says ought not ta he, white a sec
th.iial onjaaftf triumphantly matritatns they must, will,
ouft.t to r.nd shall b-1 OlM an exttaple of tn actual
grievance, ure commonly esteemed the very l-*ast on ihe
Hst lt ibis: Supp.sc a man, hts wife and their child, de
cent In pf rfc n, dress and dfiMiriment, but visibly ot
African o: mixed bined, to uk'- passage on a nllway train
ftotr. some city of mo Fist- rn Stn tet, us Pur. Un, or of tie
^'-"?rn, as Chlcigo. Th. y will bc thrown xtubllcly lute
.oiiipar.v wl'h r any oihers, for an ordinary American rail?
way feeaaanojea ca ii BMM fifty persons, aud * ilcepli.e
car icconitJoJat"* twenty-live j ant they will receive the
ttn.e tosMBSSM tu.lu raiilway en.ployts and |0-MMJ< IB av
If, being otherwise Jo-' what they are, they were of pure
BMBfOM d. s Mi Only, they v.il'. ka mu di lc*s llk-ly
t: .i, whit,- paaeana u. aaal or be oroied now aegMlnnnMB
Arrlrlni la Ken York, Pklladetpkla, or any other
Northern city they "sill ea-iiy find icrominodaUon tn some
h".t?-i of tu. h grtda. a* tha-y would bo likely to (?hoa.rve if,
cxaitly as ney ure, they wt te wMtB. They niay chan>-?
npfin a bon sa* that will refute, on MoOOkl of their color, tc
irc-iM- Ikeas; but. suth action. If made koo wi, will be
llkdy to reeelvc a wide public reprobation, and tcant ap
plau-e es.ii fi.,n, the press of tha> r-cuihein Stains. If
the irt\ePert chcotat- to cen i. ihelr Journey througti ti.e
night they will lac IV*, to hire snd occupy batrtht In B
slts-ting tar ai I ta, nan all lt_ ascc>-*.ric*---atiu?. (-.--I*,
pillows, etc.?without the letti chance ol Molestation In
Set or spee.-h from triy one of tbe pstsengers or SiTiployes
let roch ptssengers or ?-i|in)i. ba, frarm any butc< of tho
L'olon, Northern or Southern.
But on retching tbe (southern State* the three travel,
lers will And therrmelvet at every turn under specltl tnd
?aenslve r.strlettor.s, laid ur>on them not for tny demerit
ct person, dress or manners, but solely and ivowedly en
account of the African tlnctur. In their blood, howevsr
Blight that may be. They .ay Kill be oi.Jeymg tho com
lortt of the -lceplng-cai, by virtue of the ticket bought
tn a Jtorthci. SUte tnd not yet fully redeemed. Rut they
Will And Uaat while In ons Southam fe-au, they may still
HOS Lu sn ?rdlns-y Artl>?Utt railway eoach without hln
Annes, in another they will lind ueiuwlvea tamed iwiy
from tho moot ot cns coach sud roqutred to limit tbem
MlT-a to snother, equal, lt may be, to the ant In appolnt
B-enu, md Inferior only In tho social rank of ita occu?
pants. They may protest what li Au?ri? uien- in do
puhllo dlsllncUons of social rank; but this will svlU them
touting. They may object that tho patteugert In ths car
from which they sr* eiduded are not of one, but palpably
of many and widely different aw-lal ranka. and that in the
ur to which they are aa-lj-ncd are peopls not of
their gride only hut of ell sorts; they will be told with
trott plainness that there ls but ons Hind of astro. They
will be told thtt they ire iialgneO equal but stpsrsls se
eommodatlon becsute the pretence of a person of wholly or
partly African blood In ihe tu mc railway car on tsmis of
octil eejnallty STlth tits whit* passengers ls to those whits
?asaenifcrs iu Intolerable offence; snd lt the husband snd
tither repHea tbal lt ts Itself Ih* height of vulgarity to
sis* tho Question of private) social rank among stringers
s railway cara, he will bo fortunata) If he 1* only thrust
iiihctit more ado into the ? colored ear," and not kicked
nd beaten by two ar three white men whose superior .Ten?
uity hs* been Insulted, and he and bia wife and child pat
iff al tho next station to appeal In vain to tho
curta. For In cont he wi'l find that railway companies
re even rernili.' hy the btw* of the Slate to maintain
his ignominious *rj>araUon of ali who benny sn African
in-ture, refined or unrefined, devan or unclean, from the
ire-scncc of the white passengers In the first-elans cars, be
bose jj* suc-n gc rs ever ott pron luau,us a throng.
Such ls an example nf one ol the least grievances of the
ol,,red niau under th* present leglme In tho Southern
(Sato.| and so dull la Uv* common perception of wrongs
s,ii,i,,nii-d ut a distance, that hundr**ds of thousands of
iitelltgent, generous, sensitive people In tho Northern
tites ire dally Caintcreting their Inability to aon |ny
?i i ions ha nit-hip In such a caa*, if only the " colored esr"
v* really equal In Its nppultitments to the one In which
inly white saned, ol every sort are admitted; as if a per
taaaat Ignominious distinction on account nf ancestry,
?n.dn in public, by strangers and In tho enjoyment of
?ommon publio rights wore not an Insult or an
mu rr unless Joined to some bodily discomfort I-et lt bo
jlalnly understood that though at least score* of thousand*
ire Inlelllra-nt and gcntci 1, yet tho vast majority al col
>re-d peoplo In the Unltetd Slates ai" neither refined In
mind nor very decent In person. Their race
tm never had " a white man's chance"
In America lt has been under the Iron yoko ot a
-lavery that allowed no dl'tlncions of worth tn cross race
lines; and In Africa lt has to ataMad for Ik. ma-stcry of
wild naiure on a continent so unconquerable that for thou?
sands of years the white race ha* striven In vain to subdue
lt, and Is only now at ln*t strong enough to pierce lt,
enriched, enlightened and equip; cl by tho long con
(jucst of two others less Impregnable. For ail that is
known tho black ls '' an inferior race," though how, or
how pcruian r,lly. inferior remains I , roved- nut the
coro at rhe colored man's grievance is MM lhe Individual,
In matters of right that do not Justly go hy ra,,-, I,
treated, whether man or child. without regard to p'-r*,,n,
lrt-ss. behavior, character or aspirations, In public and by
lav/, as though thc African tincture, nu-h or Utile,
were Itself stupidity, squalor and vico. But let us ste
whether the grievance grows.
nu pasting into a third sou,hern State, the thice travel?
ler's, though still holders of first-class ii, kris, will be re
Jtiirej u> contlnu tl.cu,Mite* lo Hie so-called second-das*
?ar, a place never muiii belier Dian a dram tin,p. Whoo
the train stops for meals, tad UM snaaaogtrn men. women
md children. Hie rough, tho polished, all ttaoag Into ono
ronunoii eating room to receive a IfflUltrlrt fare and alton
lion, those thi ve univt SM In tbe kuchen or ga* hungry.
Nor eau lliey oven await tho coming of a train. In some
railway stations, except tn a scparnte ? c,.loren walting
r,i(!m." If ihcy tarry In BOOM S, utlic-n city they will
?MtUOtt! tb.- mest hillas*:,,^- mat VktaaSlttl treatment of
thrir MaSt tuilnaiy public r I f-' ti t -t a* Aa erl,an cul/.!,-.
Tavoy atty rid-.' In any street cai. baWttVl I BTtWd 1, 1
beside, or oven eraMaatd te Batting, \v iii to men or viol:,, li
of any er ovary stattoa af lifo; bot tl ths platform of ihc
railway trnln, or nt th" throabold Bl anv tl, at.v, or concert
or lecture ball. Usry sill l" ill:, etd ro thc t>, ,*r undesir?
able part of th" honf- aol compel! >-1 to taler- that or noth?
ing. They will find that th,- ara* I - pilbil," ra-cly means
public to them; lliar ll.,-v t-.,v n, a , v? n draw books from
the put,ile libraries or uv Heir read'ie- is,,,ii *.
Should the harried and BXSSpi rall 1 man ta BO fieri" or
1 a-* to e-j u: i -1 ? 1 ivltli Bl : White man
ba "ii *,ani asvaral thtoeea la a mme atm's one of
!? lng klll.-l un lhe sp,,I. If neil I,,-r- killed BO] bali
-;-ht lota court, he elli htvo ninety dh
ia huiulte.l of ot nfrontlng a Jury I ? v. or
,-ive in spite of. i. aral piovKi ii, men af A Mean ttneturo
have lien ? holly (,r ulm,,*' vvbrrily evin lol. If sent I,,
prison ha i asl bmm nader u pcaal system wbleh um ?
of tho National CoBunlaatoner of Prisons aflelalty pro.
iii.un.-.m " k blot upon ,-i\ iily-;.t ion." Ile will lin I lt
uiaU'in of tnt sta'? prisons aftoa atnt-taaths .rod, di
vi "? I int a lbs -a gi it ?*. tarts I ant to private bind* ? ., i
alibi, ats l, Baal winked In Ike) linn, s, q,i,n i,,-, in railway
eonstracUoo, ami on turnpikes, oodtr cord ns ol Winches.
ter rm, i; veritable quarry altve*. He all! Bod I
ii.e r, w w lite co,iv I,.-;, in, ii , thia system nfl
satragtt; bot bs arti! alas tad toot Iha syaten llsell
p-urs wtorarrer tht, ?etstifal stutatl* t??? rai I tks I
rae,, j;, nj,i ....ir,, and that wbsrs lt sad Its outrage* eon
llnuc, tho rave* Uno te priori la BbUtCiatSd oiric ii h, n
Uss iiiitiin.ii become* i b? itlatile comaaicllty aad Ila ls
USS leeks** i,i,,ney le maintain Ibo abetted di.-lliiciion. Il?
tvoiil I lind tlie number Bf rotolwd im'.'i Within tte** d'il'v
,-oi loos out af aII proportion lo Ile- cloie! po] niall,,r, OUt
0 i". .i* coinpar. j wini the percentages ,,f black* la ?
af prison in States not nodi . till* regime, i'i., re ar
sstosaa in arkleb bs would bad thc eolore I coot lets Mrvtog
?sotooces oks n ls Beatty twie* tht! ot th'.- white
convict., in '.h" fan," place** f,,r th* I im* < rln-.'s. * In the
-*.i."-.- at other pris,-,.,-, bs ?,,11.-1 Had colored yootha ii ri-1
toys i,y score's, almost ny bootoota, oaaaorttng witt sider
crlmlnsla tod ?irii.-r aenteoeesaf asvto, tee, twenty veins,
while the Male laSSJBlatajtS vole down J,air after feat Hat
((Toils of a few asoMfaOtot and bamsBS men etitat to aal tb.
llsh reformat,,I n* !,,i BBS* Sd J vail ol lo uv rO .11, e Un- clo
?aol of rt-foiin Into Uicir so ell I 1 aMMBtlarll t aTkOOld ta
son,.- gay escape alive a-na - I . 1 .,110 of Wini
OS will bo hunted with bloojhuiiii 1*.
But sup|Mjso he comm!.* BO tOataeS against, perkin or
property; ta vviii ?abe toolhfiT list tt Slate varlet. He
will find ital be "I orator "Southern" ta
Will 1 eli- hi* chill. Tl:*'. If he sends tho Child t,, ;i ps li?
lle ir hatti 11 ?ott ie, bs 1*0.0110. by law, i,, h achoo! exelu
Blvcly for emoted 1 lilldieii, even If lils child is s?-ven UsMt
more white than colored. Xtvtogb his child be g
asl! babs sad, cleanly and aaooroosly dreeated, and lbs col?
ored schisjl so situated as to be 1,,,11,1.viv .alni properly Uie
choice of thc veriest riff-raff af ibe school population, he
will have no more liberty than before; Ba will bc loll
?gate, " Wt- know bul one kind of negro," The thud's
father and motlier may ll, a;-, Iv,* be prsft UtO ul In?
structors; but, however highly tlBlweMj of whatever reputa
tiou for moial and relit;!,,us character; liowcvcr talented
a* teachers or disciplinarian,; holdinc the diploma of a bat
ever college or university. Wellesley, S'assar, Yale. l'orn-ll;
and nf whatever ago or experience, they will Hud them?
selves shut out by law fi,,in aOtSSBlag tear ber, lu gay
publio school for while children, whet tv r l? itSOgtOg to ami
lill'-.I from tho " best iieigbboihool," or lu ant fur Hal low.
sm goat-tars ur aUays aa. shamics. Xkay oin laaasiitly
laoro Ilia!, lu many hundrcd-s of .-southe ni sch....l-ilielrict*
?heio Die populatloiiB air too sparse and poor ? aeltnli M
SBOOIOM schools for the two races, the children ,,f butti art
being brought up tn Ignorance of thc very BlOOatol rather
Iii.,11 Iel, them enjoy a B*SBSB00 public ii: li u .J a conni,011
roof. They will rind that this S'-puralion is ni,t nally
based ou any incapacity of tolldrea to distinguish tatwoea
public and p: I vain social rt-lalions; bul Uial thu same
m |,amii,,ri ls crib, rc eil among amita; anil Uiat while I viv
Boulton Slate ls lan.culing Hs Inability to make anything
WM un adequato outlay for public education, and linn lr. I*
of thousands of colored children are growing up In iib-v^u'
Illiteracy largely for lack of MOStsstS and schoolhou-es, au
( vp- 1,-Kc aaVSttttOO ',f race from race ls kept up even !n th,
norina! school* and te;t'i,'-r-' inst inn ? -s. l-.v.-n In Ik. BOOM
of worship and thu divinity school they wont,) And tbdn
?tlfl/aa porsool by tb. same invldlou.s atattottteMS nnd s<|s
.nat.01.* Uial ti.. 1 followed Ul' tu al ev-iy step, and would
fi,How anl alt, ni tbcui still to and lu ev, ty iilinslioii-o
and Insane ssjluiu.
STl'.ANGI'J INCONrsIBTI-.N'rir.S AND CONTPwAIHC
TIDNM.
And then they would make one more discovery. They
would And that not only were leafy v., tims ,,f 1,,,11,-r inf ie
lions ot tho most obvious common rights or humanity
than are eifli-r?d to any people al MO bass In OttrltMOdoa*,
save only Has OhtaMMO Iii tht far Wist, bOI licit, t
U.o oppression moro rxa*,p rating still, th( re ls not a s!i,glo
fe.ii-.i ? of lt In any one State, though HuUftaMa on the
BM. 'f st, rn necessity, '.hat does not stand condemned
by Its absence, under the same or yet mon- pronounced
conditions, In some other State. Kome-t.lnie* even one jaart
of a Mate will utterly stultify the altitude ln-ld ia another
lyart. In Virginia, or Boulh Carolin* a colored person
of decent ajijaear&nce or behavior may sit In any first clasa
railway car, but iu Ottlglg the law foiblds it, sud In Ken
lucky lim law leaves him tay thc caprice of railway BOOBgO
mciits, son,.- of otock ac, ord and others Udtbkotd tbe llglit.
In au.me States ho ls allowed In lhe jury box, lu B88BS I"
la kept nut hy Uie letters of lUtutc*, and lu tome by eva.
lions cf tl.> ni; aVkll I le BnOOBSM mi,me eoiiiil',-.* admit bin
to Jury duly and oller, iv.luic bim from lt. In SM M
two Southern cities tho MMhSH lu CObtMi public ataaOOb
must lae ?liite?. In certain othera they must bc colored
and lu atlll others*, they may bc either. In lyoulsi.uia ceii.tli
raliway trains and steamboat* run side by side within 1
milo of one auoUicr, where In the trains a negro or mulatti
may bil where he will, and on the l.oat.s he must confine
himself ut a separate quarter called the " fresedmavn'? bu
reau."
Tho Civil Right* bill was tonghi for years and flnallj
0>*troyod, with the plea Dial ll lufiiiiirod ti,e right of coin
mon carriers and entertainers to use their own b*-*t Judr
i-itt In distributing their pa-sseugi-rs and ruests with si
eyjultable conaideration for the comfort of ail. In fact, 1
only fm badu disirlbutiona Uiat. so far from consultini
lia* teneoot comfoil, humor the dcn.ai.d Bf on* crude!;
a.if kavsorted private nodal class for gu Invariable, Ignomln
loos latilaliou or exclusion of another. Yet the same Slate
.md jaciaons who so effectually made this plea either aiiov
and encourage Ila use a* a cover fur thia tyrannous in
equity, or else Uienisolvcs Ignore their own jilca. Usurp th
Judgnrent of common carifjern and eiitevrlainnris and fore
them by law to mak* this race distribution whether lhe;
deem lt MM or hut.
And yet ageln, all ov?r the Routh there ar* ?cattere
colleges, academies and tributary gian mar schools estab
liahed and maintained at lae expense of Individuals ati<
societies* la tba Nurtiiera bunna for the education, st lot
rime of lulUou aad living, ot Ita asplin,g poor, warrnu
hindrance ?? to race or aex. Ktr icio Utan Iweniy year
ttoae establlkhment* have nourished and toen s boon I
th* African Amen, an, 1* well a* to th* almost rsiuall:
neted " poor whltea" of the Southern mountain it ginni
aanelhlll* and " pauper *oiuiUes," and through beeta the*
rlisaei to the ultrs Houikena whits maa erf the tewu* am
plantaUona?* boen the Nillonal yuin* of whieh nelthe
he nor one In ? thousand of IU hundreds or thousand* 0
Northam supporter* toa an adequate ennoeptlnn, el*
?Soo The tyiieiit South, " Ccuiury Magaxino." Senumbei
thess sstsbllahments would receive ssven UbsBS their
present pecuuttiy tupporu These luslllulloM hive
tradustsd some hundreds of colored students ts physicians
and lawyers At ono time lately they had more thtn
eight hundred divinity itudcmt, nearly ill of them col?
ored. Their pupils of all grades iggregito over seven?
teen thoussnd, ind the sixteen lh-u?-_d eolorsd
teichert In the publlo schoola ot the Bouth have
come iltoon entirely from them. But now
In thea-e insUtuUont i_*r* ls a complete Ignoring
of those nco distinctions In thc enjoyment of common
public rights to religiously enforced on every tldo byond
their borders; ind yet none of those uunamable dltatters
havo como to or from them which Ihe advocate! of these
onerous publlo dlttlnctloni ind scptrillont predict and
dread. On tenn * ot boutbern hilltops these tchonlt stand
out almost totally without companions or competitors in
their peculiar Ilcld, so many refutations, visible and com?
plete, of tho Idea that any Interest requires tho colored
An,(rican eltl.on to be llmlte* In any of the civil rights
that would be hit without quc*ii?ii If the ssmc nun were
white. Virtually, the whole guild of educator* In the
Kout hern States, fiom once regarding these Institutions
with unqualified condemnation tnd ermllv. ire now be?
coming their frlendt, iud. Imaoiue notable cases, their con- .
yerta, Sn wllelvhave iho larger eoflegM d"m'irisfrat.d -
their unique beneficence Hut In some cases Southern State
floveriniicnis. actively hottllo Ut thc ptiv lieges of civil lib?
erty they tejch and apply, are makin/* small annual appro?
priations In contribution toward their support- Ko bria
tin ? ...lh in., ur,??..-o.Jes. g.?, I -ami had, Woul.1 our thieo
travellers And this tyrannoti" and utterly unrepubltcan
regime. Nowhere else in enlightened ijndi ind In this
day do so many millions seo their own fellow cit lr.-ns so
play foothill with their simplest public rtrrhrs ; for the
larger part of tho Southern while people do with the*
Itws. of their own making, whal they pUata-, keeping or
breaking them ss convenient.
bERVlMTY TIIK PHICE OF TEACE ANO AMITY,
lint their discoveries would ttl!! go on. They would
hear thete oppression! _ ti -1J ii ? ? 1 hy Southern white people
of tho highett Handing, and?mora's the sh,me- l,v North
ern tourists In the South, on thc ground thai tho people
upon whom they arc laid are a dull, vicious, unclean race,
contact with which w milli be physically, lui. lie. tually and
morally tOBM-M and misti 'tevoM to a hight.* nco. And
When they might, ask why th" line* of llmllcd rlglitt are
not drawn around thc const.I. non-ly dull, vicious and un?
clean of both raft's for the prntctlon of the opposite sort,
in both, they would como face to face upon the amazing
BOaOaapttaO that Iho lowest while man ls noinehow a llltle
too gnod for e\eti so much contact with the highest black
as ii ay bi- necessary for a ton,mon enjoyment of puhllo
TighH; arel, therefore, that no excellence, moral, mental
or physical. Inborn or alia'ned, can buy for a " man of
color'' from these separationlsts any dlsilnctlon betareon
thc rc-tiicilon* of kia elsi! liberty and un,so sf the stu?
pidest arid squitli'l's'. of his race, or bring him ono step
nearer to the enjoyment of th" rights of a white man; or.
If at all, IkM only as a in.ilr.-r of the white m-in's vol
untary condBSCSl slM and with th" rt_ht di-guise-l is a
p. rsonal privUege. Tlu-y would (Ind that tho race line
ls Mt a line of physic il. ti.'.ial or Intellectual axeeltanM
al all. fetcancer yet, Ikey wi.uld lenin that no propoiilon
of white men's blood In their ow ti veins, unless it wa*h..ai
out the very memory of their Afrlean tlnrttiro, can i'*t
Hiern aha'.-in'nt of tko I derivations dereel for a dull,
Vlciuii.- sn I unclean ia-e, but tn.il- in-- ia, WBMM an1' chil?
dren alike-hundred- and tkoMHta Bf mixed race arc thus
daily and pnbllrly punished hJ their bretkera for tlie sm*
ol their tatketfla They woult hud no ncc lino nor, a
race line ai all.
Tl.,y w,.till Un I ? M ? conn.t of race with race
la n.,t toe muller objected to, hut only any and every sort,
of cont,ot, on an SqUSl tSOtlng. 'I i , y would Iiml that
v. hat n.i money, no taa . m pe. >oal and no
fractional prep , , i . . ,,. an blood eu bey. Mn
MTonheless ba bought Instantly an-i wlikonl om of ii.. *??
by the simple turrender of ths itOtnda of i,ui,iic.
ty, Th,y w-uni I Ond that 1 ? entli essence of tba
offence, any and erery wbere whets ike ibm 11m la in
I on, ls tbo ap] ni SI woman
an hil ,,r h.r own BM tl I Ihal mai crimed I* all that Ul
li tai iel i I that Uh* _M>i ml
tho rc la li ii <f matta-i snd servant 1 ibllshed
.: IBM Ul. 1 Kite li i
?? Wkat la iii.il ni etti?what ls that mulsttresa?doing in
her.,," a-i;* on" private individual >,f im-lkei in mbm
pul,ii ? plies, and ii.- other p ,
I ?? 'l hm'* nothing ; lc .- ni tl il wh
- . ? ia tue nm e of I
I roi it of hi r."
?Oh, ail n^hi." And i ? ? ,,i'..i relation" la ro
li ?. , or <
, curs ;n n ? - e.-1 (iiii ?* j uy.
this one pom . . i bbb or
i i.ii.- I,,,,.
.
I oula bl ;i tl gill hoi 4
I..' tun ind tbs pnrpetusl
unr. ??
th ever rompellt I mother ls i sy
? how- p*< lng too li,ie ii !??,?
it t ht ma* . ? -. t',- ? willi un tn ?
Jin?? i ind nm nnti lon'n
ni Ult .in lt tn, li?
ne ?y,
iblle menl il s-;\leo iii in i tolci ii I by iii
mi h i- i ut oi ii of tic- s.isites! of
hlih an ?? ? m
mu nil- I,..- to it .iv foi ma ii ulmus the Unca >,f ma tier
tm i s. vant hoc I ?a catii In -??il ol .
I < : ihe P.'?? eqii.il!? , ?
> ' n public
i tn! ,-r ii :
i iL, SS we si ..il .
? v ie n we turn, ?? n?w wa mu t. to thc other half ,,r this
i task, and answer the two Inn itleni questions thai lottie
?tier f'i precedence ?- they spring from this Hill lu
complote itsten-cnt t,f the condition of
T\V(, 1 I'.Vfi .'il'.NTAT. i'lll.M II'I.I'.S AT WAR.
The two ijti.s'ioiis ale Ihe- : If Hu- MM ls so plain.
then, in tho it r-t phi CS. bl B I IB UM -JW SIS of InfcHHgeul
atcl rfrtnons white people of tbs Bontk nar.,: sneh i mt*
lin al, not to suv such a e.oi;.l, p-istaU..- ? And, in the
sseond plsee, bow mb .rbnhnlni wllllimi of tba
Nortfc, miii- sp.-ii hue ti,,. . Mots ikey spent in ike
wai of '?,i.'o.->. iBleiata tkla eoMaenlattaa ol Iks Aaoertean
freed >n whlcb that war ls topposad io bara wcured io ail
al i ku 1
As to the Southern people th'- answer l? I- '
Ike Bonthi rn no ? eo? ll illy in I onsnti
alu..; he folly of tlare-ooldlng, yet tbs futel.imcnr.-ii ar?
ticle of political faith "t> which slavery rested baa nor
Ken displaced As tn tlie |,e,,],'... , r il, ? Sf Ol I I. th ?? BBSWSf
ls simpler still ; tka l.'iiioii ls ravi.
Th" Northern MUM tn otu fl vii War WSI Ml i.'ImarHy
the abolition of slavery, BlthOWgh many a Northern s.iili.r
col captain tangkl mainly for tkla and .-arel for no other
issi,,- while ti,,- rauelnod Tfce Bouthern eausa i
me;eiy for disunion, though in,.ny j Southern soldi-; anl
captain would nra haw taken np the sword to defend
?tara balding atHpped > f tba di- ur.f Stato aovei
Ths .Noiih. in mum im pre minenUj ths National unity.
i potion of tbs is not
wkat tl..' {forth taught tor, hut only shit it fongbt wltk.
Thu right ta secede was uni wkat tba Bontk tonokt
for, but only what lt fought with. The
great" majority of the BoBtken while pe, pie loTOd ile
1'n.oo and mn BM ted t" ll tl only winn tlc io
seemed to ne. m, other way t? mvb slavery; ike gnat bulk
of tin- Noll!. Ml Bl 1 to ,',, I.,,-,- -l.i\, ry , :i,y Wk ii tie re
? ? i mo ethoi way lo --av tbs Dulon. Ii pnt la pert!
the Inion on ono tile ani slavery on the otkCT fl ,,s
enough, when nothing el a was enough, to droncb om ol
the greatest and happiest lands on cai Hi
with tbs bleed nf hundred! af tkM sandi
of her own chil Ir-ii. Now, what thing of tu?
ple; ?? value Mated cn thlt tulon, and what iii this
slav, ry, thal they Mould have ben defend, 1 a' Mflk
tost ! Xkere lest. _ on, ..r moro truly there mid rlay,
eic li a fun la;-.,i,'al pl ii.c:ple, c,,iicci\ed t,, !. ? Ikl
, wanui ta tka aafaty, ai ter, peac?, lomne and bowel of
?md tbe*c two prlaa Ju* wera intagMtstlB.
They were more than MtBgonlttls; llu-y WBffl BBtlMdBl
and Irrecoio llahle. (fe people that held either of IfcOBl
IdsM as cunlliial in tli'ir p-ll;l,.ii greed will ' -er allow
th,- oiher io tie forced BpM them f: ..in wit io,ul so long as
Weed and lives will buy d' ilvranc. B?U WON bioiight
from the mother MUUIa*! olen gBWlllO "as originally
coloni.eJ, anl l.olh has'- th. li adv....iles lu glMtal -i los
nun,her in Ike IfOTtkera Bt*tM ta the B-UlbBIB iud
where.er th.-re |fl *;iy IMOdSOi of tlioUC'.l a,el -I ?
The BOBMM sun."ct of the two ls tho gretl taWM ma?S
or metaty. Thc leading thought sf Um bm i? IkM mast's
Btava* aw, ta ike other lin snhlngMtaw, Tko ona- BsflatM
the only permanent safety Bl public BBBtaty, arel ii*
highest deaetopinent, tn y rjulre the eOWSlBBt elevaflo;
of Ibe lower, and thu* of UH whole nia>-\ hy the ft..,.
self-government Sf all un,Pr one common code of equal
civil rights. It cant- hiOHl li,-'laid, but lt WM |''i
iicaiiy, miiiiii-fallj. ben'ii' aUj apaUei M a Battons!
tcalo Bm in th" I niia-d huies, and kMBtteawa , ...un ll.,;
llgk! to call it, and lt pr;-cinineiitly, ibo Amer,ciao | i. _,
proinulgai'-d and established, not bf HOltbeneaa or
S,,,.'henel*, BM BT'-atiy BMM than MOtk-tr, hu'. I,y thc
Baaeatlonal aaato-dty al a wu.,ic mw Matlsn barn sf tho
ul, a Hie tn!,,-!- principia deelaies pubii.; -ai-ly and
highest development to ic.uir.. ti.o subjugattao ta UM
lower miss under thc arbitrary pi.,!..;,ve BOpOMOey of
nu untilitd but h'r.d.i.iry |.rlvllc_.J cia*-, a ell- M ta.
;>'t,t, a* lt lt commonly miscalled, an BltstSCfMy, for
within omi ncc li taKet ta sll rsnkt of toelety, not an
tilstocra.y, for an aristocracy e_i*t?, presumably, at
least, wit" tho wile aaneant al ail taaaaaa and nv ? tu
any rank of lifo may BOM "Ml Imp-; M attain to lt by
exlrtordinary oiorit ami seivlc-, but a ca?tc, not thu
ciuUidiu-ent of a motlern I.urop.au idea, bul lin- lesusci
uiion of an aaul-nt Asiatic ons.
That on.- of these lrrccnndlablo Ideas should byand bye
becomo all-dominant In the formatlou al public toelety in
ono region, and Ut epposltt* In the StkM narinn, ls dm*
to orig_UHl dill, reno . ta the conditions under which tho
colonies WON Battled, In the South tho conn-r BOMB Bf
the social structure was made tho plantation Idea-wide
lands, an accompllsh-d law, and their rapid sggrandlie.
u.eiii by tho fostering oversight snd employment of an
untkill'd many. In the North lt was the rillBga ar, I
town Idea-tbs notion of farm and fatory, skilled lilior,
an Intelligent many, and ultimate wealth -haaogk an
atsured public trantiulllity. Notlilng could ba. more
natural than fer African slavery, outs h-troduted, to
nourish and spi.a.1 under thc one Idea, and languish and
dla under the other. lt lt high Umn lo be done saying
that Iho South retained slav;y uni UM Worth renounced
lt merely buosuse. to tbs one lt ws?, and tn the other lt
wat not, lucrative. It was Inevitable that the most
conspicuous feature of ono civilization should ba-cmo
the public schoolhouse, and ol the oth-r the slave yird.
Who could wish to raise the equally Idle sad ofl.-n?ive
Qucstluu vt praia*) and blame. 1 When VMtkMMM carno
bouth by thousands and made their dwelling Ibero ninety.
niue hundredth* of tht in fell into our boulhern error
up to the eyes, and there I* nothing to prove that had tl..
plantation Idea, to tbe exclusion of the village idea, baan
planted in all ths colonies, wo should not hy Ula Unas
havo had a West Indian clviltratlon from Florida to
Oregon. Bul li wat nut to bo to. Wherever thc farm
Dlage became the germtna! unit ot social organlratlon,
Hers wtt developed In Its mott comprehensive integrity
iai Amertean Idea of our Northern and K-.uthe.-n fathers,
ho rep.esentativs se_f-govemni?nt of the whole people
y tha eonsiart frM content of ill to Ihe frsqusnUy rt
onildored choice ot the majority.
Buch a ichcme ran be Mts only when lt Include! In
tci-ently tko continual aud diligent elevation ot that
>wer mass which human toelety everywhere ti constantly
rrelpiUitlng. But iii ve- holding on my lirgo tcalo could
nt mike even a show of public ufcty without tho contine
al in1 diligent debasement of Its enalived lower millions.
tfherever lt previlled lt wis bound by the natural ne
cstitles of Its own e_li>ti*nce to undermine ard cor.-orte
he National scheme. It mlstaught ths new generatlona
r the whits bouth that ths alive-holding fathers et tha
lepubllo were approvers and idvocites of thai aad prto
Ice, which by their true blit-irlet w. know they woi'd
ladly have detuoyed. It mlstaught ut to construe the
ight of a uniform government ot all by all, not at a com
ion and Inalienable right of man, but as a prltUc^o tbat
eeime i right only by ? people's merit, and which our
orcfathcrs bought wllh tho blood of ths Revolution In
770 'HM, and which our slaves did not and should not bo
llowed to acquire, lt mistanght us to seek prosperity
a th., concentration lnttctd of the diffusion of wealth, to
eeg public Mfety In a state of tlsge rather than In a
Ma of peace; lt gave ut itlijttta Instead of fellow cl ti?
ms, md falsely threatened ut wllh the utter shipwreck
f put lie and private society If wo dared accord civil
ower to the degraded millions tn whom we had forbidden
atriotl-m. Thus, It could?>_ot help but mlsleach ut
ito to suhordlnsl. to Its preservation tho maintenance
f a National union with those Northern c'Tiiinunlilra to
rhose whole *? heme of order tlavc holding wat at lntol
rsblri as I' wat M slave-holding, and to rise at length
galtiat ths will of tho ma,only ind dissolve tho Union
ben that majority refused to glyo ala va holding tho
tiitloaal Mnctiun.
Tim otli-r 'ystcm taught thc Inherent right cf all nu?
nan society to self-government. Il taughl UM Impersonal
I % ll equality of all. It admitted that the private, per
nnal Inequality of Individuals ls Inevitable, necessary,
Ight ind good ; hut condemned Its mlsuso pi set up trbl
rary puuile Inequalities. It declared public equality to
ie, on the aM hand, tho only tiuo and adequate counter
?oise against private Inequalities, and, on thc oilier, the
.est protector and -.iomot.r of tu-t private Inequalities
4-..I-. st unjust. lt held that virtue, tataQlgMca anl
reattk are their own sn h.. lent advantage, and B00d ha
iclf-piotection no arbitrary civil prcpon Icranco; that their
x.wers of sclfprotoctltii BM ntvor ina lcqutte tavo when
>y formating et|elly they mats and exasperate Ignorinc*,
,Irr> and poverty against them. It linlstc.l that there ls
ot safe pioteeticm but aclf-ptolcctluli j thal po.ci ly molt
iv l.a-t is much civil BQUipmsnt for Mlf-pro'eetlos n
irop.-rty needs; ll.at the rb. ht and llb.ily ta a'nulr,- ba?
el IgebCS, virtue ind '.etlth are just M ptoelOM Ba Ihe
ight and liberty to maintain them, and need quito us
mich Mit pinleciuui; that me leefe! of ptabtlS order anl
Ighest jet,o|.t..'i'.y is tint ciiiiinioii aol - -ta il riii.li'. of .'ll
awfully to acquire at well as retain . v> ry eqiiltablo
nt tu-, of sclf-MgrBi-dlrement, and Mi.a te;- rlgh lt ...*
mod to a'l only thtOUgb the content of all to ile- ehnlCS
if the ma.'iarlty'fioqueritlv npp-lled to without NSpMl of
weeona Ana lt-', it truly taught that a gov_i
outrl'd on these principle* and holding them essentlsJ to
tnhlle Maes ant Mfety mieht Mmfortanly bes? lbs prox
mlty of alon neighbors, w hose IdMS of right and crier
? ?re not ImplaabTv hostile; hut thai it had no power to
bids utile.--? I' .. uh! ; ul d' wu ai.y ml., nial mut, ny ia ntl
hal , in i.f the mi lori ty which w.i*, as li wera, the
salton's Orst comman i
lie v.ir wt* fought aol tie' r*n!.,n -.,v"l. Fought as
t waa, on thc i -ue ,,f i'.n*enl ef all t<> tbs choice of
h.- io.i orlty, th.- conviction f,, .1 i,. w*,t n..,i 1 ?? ?i
,v "til 1 rn-v ? 1 eui Iii ie-aee until the lil', riv ,f self-go, ru
h. ni wss gnsranteoJ lo th" Ml rs poonta, tnd "l-iv-*y, at
I ' i . trine of pul,ile * .t- y 1., suh n.
le-tt ,\?|. Il, orr, flist. r-|T ?:,., | ,? .. , .,?. I ?' ll
ihlarmeni And nowt even 1 he Union savid is nm Um
nil 1 - a 1 ol t? ? N 1 lt o'- tr i;mi,h*; bu! ivett t
le- ed 1 1. tb
uilr-r Miration -"ll for the people nf the 01. I
-1.ne*, wiri. :. tdncrrlty I 1 rout mimi eau quos.
Inn, have rem 1 ta I it r ol 1 love of this sst li
ml the great t orth, ff-ui Baal to bI Pi 1 of
lath n. lint fe, hug what ooo n.iy c.ill th.nfl Of tho
a ii 1 lng si te. , - I, :" ind a ii - bi 1
.N EMl-TY BKAT AN RN IOMA AMD AM UNSET.
Tf. it Qi 1 gi [OH.
-"hui Mai U tie .I f ? .-.r- elsspfng
th v mat in 1 rt1,-, -mi t, nen*
ia in. Ung board, pl ? t long
Ufc to the Union rmi prosperity t,. the Kew Boetb, I
?v. ? v !? 1 one ra 1 ty Mik
Why sh,ii! 1 . M - ll bfl ever empty, and every gusta
ifrold ', hoi, thal * lyl Be mm ike Boothera white
B] .11 bli father * iwoi I thal noni
?h.ii .n? And 1 ghi 1 i- thei \ the -?? ?? I ? I
Mt oil te-, v of public Misty by tho m_te't tub uga
lon. Thia N whal thi '? ,.innot, under
la whs 1 t\,k,s ih> south in whit.- man in
1 to all I -'l beside, ir mi |Im to bia - lt To.
lay ':." |,,;t. ? 1;. ,-.ie,i, 1,,. Marts blmnslf ? tiii/cn of
ie- I'o ? ll ? ? I taa .-ne . 1 ny fl lr li .a i,',. Ii |,. ,|e.
. in.i ni as ti,,- only Mfa government
?annot I,- I. 1,1.iel; t,.-ri orton- COMM an explosion, fol
..wed by Beh 1 ml) nterpn-tatlon of what fies govern
neut t - that lt ls hard ? 1 In
rlth lo ie; 1 ultirj I lea'o i| ll; ,,1 ?'..? ,!|, fed
lol::,-tie l?l, le- : . -.'Linen., neut, atBCattj
1 1 ? ' :. Itude : how, u , n,
lo... thi-a old un An.-il M, un 1 ono-i-.tllc ld ,1 ,,f
ration, which oni Hr.; th mother country and Bunns a
nell, ira to I
t mi foun ic 1 in tl,, o two forma "f slaver] I Tbe li?
ar. 1 Hm 1 til ? founded lu lt, and 1,0 st*
lng ihein h.is not r>-inovt-d it.
it lia-. ji?.\- bete luid bi th- Ifortk ta nrtflitaaiHl
.h- alacilty wltb which UM SS-SlSa-boll-BI |e.irn'-.l to con
i'mn a.* a moi i ind oeonomle eirer that slavery In de
? r wklM h.- en lured four yuan of dasolaUng war.
Bal a wns k,t h.ne. .ti 1 ban i? tba sxplanaUon: Hs bo?
le. 1 pal ul ti, lavMiant f,s?-?!ti^ii in lubjugaUoa.
I 1 ? at on. r'i. 1." prort 1 11 wa * 1: it. Ru. n
\it<>\ l 1.0 1 .ii.', CofertuMtely tor tba irbole KaUM
wai ai; idy before emancipation came _ d'flied
ItatUS, a peCUHai ni, h- w.t ting for (rCSd BegTOCS. 'I lev
wero nothing mw. K01 was lt mw n loM pertonsl
iwnonblp In 0 ?'- -'_\o. When, under emancipation,
no no- else colt own hito. we q.il,??<!>? MW le- \. a ?? n,.t
lost at all There hB Stood, I? '.vir to n* for room for
tba Bola al bis foot, 1 land ami an ita appliance- our-1,
Brid he, by 1 '??'?? I (af bli ta la I" c la. colive to the ll lei.
The Hmm.-.t h.- fell to work of lils own fr<e will, fl
that ananelpaUM wa- oren note ,,urs than lils; public
order stood 1 -t, ont n,irM note Mfa, mr Bro?h*ei nain
\a le.i; ho .-ti' rn rrt '?. 1 1 rated i ail 1.1 of 1 ol 1 ag
I, ... in private bondage wat disproved, snd when Um no?
tion or 1 - . v ii bed tha r.otl.t righi na 1
wito lt. li: .: 1 ei!,..",.:, lal il- -ri. .y. I pllvBtO, bul. illili
hu ny disturbed pubiu rabjngallon. Tho sx-alave waa
not ? nw r: IB j h" wai only a free nette.
Then Ihe winnora of UM war saw that the err it. IsBOa
WklCk lill j'"I irli/'l ihe ri,Ion wst not. fletUl 1. Tha
ftavciTtncnt-i fountlatton principle waa not r?-establtshi I,
rue! ,..ci 1 nol 1- while BaiUUons .r the country*! p pula.
lion ware wail, ul .1 vol,-.- ns tn who should rule, who
shou! 1 Judge anl what -ho'ii 1 I,- law. Bot, as we MM
seen, tho absolute civil I '|ital ly of privately and tothill',
un",,ml men was r.ot Hie while American 1 fan. lt WM
counterbalanced bj an snlargod ippllcaUra of the sam,.
?? j,, th,- ibaolols equslity of unsnunl BtaiM In Un
Pettarsl Dd ion, ooo ot ti-- gisaUst wiLlna e? nccatl .nt
BMf mal- Ly ttTOOgSf |. lil., al his.n s ta, WMkSI one* in
the history ol government, Slow nunlfesUy this grant
cotices-ioii ,,f equalll) .eons the une^Ml si.it. * bscotoM
Irani ilni.it'>, tin.'i-' ant daingerOM v nen n,lill ,ns of th ??
people in om gcogiaphical amUm, native in Um hU,
of mtivc- i.1 ic-'-, having Hes ,.f interest and ij
with no oiler land, ire .-relrmilly denied that jiolltl .il
equality t .thin the suite* whlh sbtalni BlMWkeM
ikluagkOOl Un In,eu. 'll.is wu'lld mil'.e us two cull
ir.,.-,. Bul we tr .i,,t, ht t.>o merely trderatod countries
without thsnglng our whals pUn ta gtvornnnt; and wa
Cann.'I he BM Bltbottl a common foUlid.it.oil. ll ne On?
fre lilian', enfr ni' io- ii. nt, ll v.js n v.i him, not only
bBMMB MfMBt ill i" M was hi- only ti'ie cinaie.'lliatii 11,
i,?t m 1 1 ib and is ImpooBlbta te wttkkobl it
an.l Miry on A rr.. 11, ., 11 .-nu.cot nu Aaa il an ground
prlneiples. Neither the Matteo's konoi nor n^ ?
could allow ''. 11 of MMltBd Stat s to their au
lowemy altb Unti popntatteas \ Adi 1 hy Un 1 of statu
IllllllllMl l" th'- .'? 1.01. Nailoiiai -liucllue.
.N ,.iii,e a BMM oiu-u ase |s-i j,le v. ,ii/ if the freedman''
onfiain u.- ue ni ....^ not. as i,> tin- .-,,,'itli, |,i-etii.itut,- au.!
I,,..,., -i ..,:! , irh le .-' ul ' n Bieu as olteu call it th- om
vnni. nv ;'rt "t ""' conqueror, a* f.H.n.aii a* it wa- cruel.
|tm| . :. i .Not bl ll 1. . Uoll .till I ?ail..- Unavoidably,
,,?, ,,,t.,.e V let LT lt- harte bul for lt, lani;..-a. ila
enlrtiit liisaiti. Ul .aria' .n'? el!. , I, M eioaiic.|>4?l.oii did,
,. I, I- ti.e ,-.n le el ihO WSr'8 Itel thill Vasili! I Ul lo ., ,r,
when foi ? ii ll i iii I unqu ? !?? i in i civil era i in
tJmU.? i noi yei i.i ,!?? i ? i i' ."...1 r*w ; coull it, wkifa
WoUlit* oe.e killi W.I.Ill ,11. i ll.-O, nen* b*J ,?,|. N.|_ _.
? | .., ?, , .. |, have , on - u|H i.it.n.' w .iii sur-i, al aui
and dltpatch, ind proving, at euanclMtlou did, hy om
vast piscucsl a. ii.oo?iiaio,ii. tim granini1lws_niw of Un
horror and nrroi > .. ;?? iu
., | ( un ii;uuiei ' and tho Insalcutabto Inssei
nf Un lla-ci.li*l'Ue'l' ll IS-ri?.l ll,,' f lloWel ll,11(1,1 |,av,
lie.-n s|,at.l ih- south ind ih- Nation. Instead then
came two unlucky I" -?!"?'?? ?< ?"' "? th? slow dotiiic out o
r. ? i.rra:.. h,-> aa''t ta Un l>'-l int Hn-ence of ' o'ltn ur
White flocletl anl ihe delay ol ths fitseiln-iu't en fra richi .
incut-kia cavil cma.i. li I* OB mit I the "Old Boutk." bl
?,..m ,,i -Torganlrlna puWli Mclely in Mrnony with th.
National !**?. largely retu Ito i ratrsuchinents tn tlu
notlori of eielnsiva- ?? h't.-tu" I r.- n. Ma lats to BVUTt I
le a>- .-ir.Ke, aol J- lillis Ui""- UUM s tlef-nslve offset, thl
fiee.iniati wa* Inveslsd wini clii-en-klp anl Un -\peri
n..-nt l.e^au of Uyllig lo ' >Ublii_- a foin, m public oi.l, r
wherein, un Lr ? pol I ties I rqiitlltj a- orded by all .li ren
to all cltUi'iis, i?w tul old, Intel lb-Hue. md \irtu? Wouh
be to freo to eon _lne, and IgnoMMS aid vue feel tn frei
Ut divide, lt to Ui-uie UM ma,.rity s fra-e ihslM ta rulaar
of at I-. ?? ? n.? ;"'' " -' '? ' and virtue- i.irs safety
ord.r and ptograM rnn axper_Bwiit, ins North i?.
Ilev.--!, w?uld succeed, and tlnce this wns the nrgnnli
MkboolMM' o' tit AnertMu htaa, foi wind, u hal ju
. ,. r blood, li atanM toi reason thc Nortii wool
not htve allow ed lt to fill. Bul the old South, sill
bleedlnc from her ihoii-aiel WOmulB, hut a* I,rave is whei
IM h,'J tuc Hr?l sun. believed nol oni) thai the ,.\u,,ii
mci.t would fail, bul also that lt waa danger0US and dl_
hoimrtble. And today, both In N?ith ant South,
ipraad l-aprasBten praviiii imi ihli ,* it,, aapertiBM
which was tried tod did In bet rall. Whereat it I* jus
what Ihe nhl BoWtb m Ml allowed to !?? tri. al I'rtetlcall
ths osperirii.-iil ??? Jt once reduced and uiirati.-alnnly cou
lined to the llniltn of a vain trial fay tho -r.,. ,IU1|1 ?,?,
sn_ill while lill-..lit.' la PUtbllsh the Au.-rieni M?u In it
ron,|.|cta* lineally, wHIle In- IM I lOilK ?.? ,|.\\ IMStS
class bent BMry annflj n MIMI lt,^kdor a feeling of lr
loleisble liidi^nity anl the, ;,iof,,m?l, or al ic.-t Uta na?
tional*, coiivltliou that IU c.mplcto ra<<:oKiillioii would I.
full..wed by s ht- lo.tnii.gau WIMk of pui.lie tn
prlvile toelety.
A I'ONTIIOLI.INO nt T CBOTJinM-m mFfBMMBB
mos.
Thlt lt thS whole tarot of Ihe Negro Quesllnn's vdu
forco lodiy. And yet the struvi'le, In th- H.,tither
billet hat never bc ii by the I lacks for und by the ?hl'.,
iirtlnti ? black iu|.r?mae-, but only for tnd axaliii
in irbltrary pars white tuprereary. Krom th
very BM until uut d?y, lu all Uie freedman's li,loll., tu.
crudity, he has held fast to Ute one true. National dm
trine of Ibo at.*.nc 0f privilege md Ibo tulu of ill b
all, through the common snd steadfast ronsrnt of sll tn the
free and frequent choice of the majority. Ile his never
rejected white men's p< lill, il fellowship or leadership be?
cause lt was white, bat only snd alway* when lt was un
Bound in this doctrine, lils pu,/ has ii-svn- l.e ? -i a pur ly
blsok psrty In fact or principle. The '? solid black vote"
ls only by outside pr'isure solidified an-,ut a pilnclplc of
Amerlesn liberty, which ls linell against solidity and de?
stroys the political solidity of classes wherever It hus tn o
play. But the " solid white voW-whlch 1* not solid fay
Including all white*, but because no colored man nu
truly enter Its ranks, much le-. Us cou.i -Ms, without ac?
cepting an emasculated emancipation?the solid white vote
la solid, not by oulsldo picssuro hut by Inherent principle.
Solid twlco over; ttrst. In each State, from Blocer.) nm1.,vis
of self-preservation, solid lo keeping the faa sci vile elis*. I
by arbitrary clasalflcatliin, servile; and then solid again
by a tacit league of Southern States aisjund the asa-uiued !
right of tilca m.i'c separably to postpone a uue and com?
plete emancipation as long as the MM remains that, with {
full Anieilcsn I'bei y- this sud ne more?t.e all alike, the I
friedman flVould hlm-nir usurp the arbitrary domination j
now held over lum and plunder and destroy society.
So, then, the Southern questlor at Its root ls simply |
whetIn-r there ls any real ground si.tlclent to Justify this :
fear and the aH.tule tal.ru .ijralnat lt Only remove this :
fear, whicb real* on a maji rity of the who.a white South I
duspi^i all Its splcn.ld, well j wived courage, and the quos- |
Uou of light, In law and In morals, will vanish along with i
the notion of necessity.
Whoever alu mp's to remove this apprehension must
meet lt In two forms: First, (cor cf a br pele** wreck of '
public gov. .lin,, nt, by a Complete supremacy of Ihe lower I
mass; and second, fesr sf a yet moro dreadful wreck of
private society In a deluge of social equality.
Now, as lo j-ubllo government, thc freedman, whatever
may kt said tai h,.s mistakea, ha-s never shown an intention
al prciciciica) for anarchy. Had he such a bent he would
have bet.a>ed s. uieililng of lt when our civil wat oll'-nd
as wi In an oiipoitiiuity for Its indulgence a? any millions In
boiidas'" tV#t bad. II" ha* show n at leas, as prompt, a choice
for peuco and order a* any "lower million" ever showed.
Thc vice* enid io ts' ht* tn Inordinate degreet are only -mn
as always go with degradation, and ei|H.-clally with a de?
graded stains; and when. In Reconntruotlon years, he
Bl 1 i',-vi- to make and Bjuaakt laws, amid all bis degra?
dation, all Hie effort* io contine bim still lo an arbitrary
servile Moina and all his vicious special legt-lauoti, he
nevr ra-.vd the penalties from anything (hal the world
at l.irgn calls a crltno. Neither did ht Mot ahow any
aStteus disposition to establish race rule. The whole
spill!, ol biri ci.iam-ip.tiieu and enfranchisement, and his
OaVota st,u?'glc, was and ls lo put raeo rule of all sorla
under f, ot, au I set up tho common rule of all. The fear
of allanby In Ibo Southern .Males, then, ls ouly thar, per?
fectly natural and L.rievly excusable, fear thal besots tho
upper ranks of society everywhere, and stats* successfully
len,pl. H..au to commit lne,|U,uiL,ie usui paiiou,, aud JOS a
fe.u- ef wi,i, ri no aiiiouiiL ol power or ByttVllOgt ever relieve*
iieni tli-j f, ai rb.it ibo stupli, iho twaUIBtS, and tho
vicious Oil! combine svaiusi. total and rule by slicer weight
of numbera,
bl Qorl y ral. ls an unfortunate ter-n, In that lt falsely
imi.):> . m.. viv thing, osama IM ?iMliro te batata al?
fa r, i . to ii mut* presto ly tins dtagtr. In tact B mino, liv
Btwiyi . ul- t. AL lei*', il SlWtyS can. All tho great ma
joi.iy cvr strives fur ls Ibo pt WO* lo SbOStO by what, and
OhM Liol "f, a minor.ty ll shall tie ruled. W iial ttut
el..| ii, i,,,i ny -shall Coastal of, and hence tho wi*J,,in
nu I pu?-.,., *y. lg ,,t ,v* , lc,ice, will d, pend inaluly upon th"
jit.tu i. ,,t Hum* wi,,, bold, against Ita p.wei- ,,f asata nuiu
powers of Intelligence, of vtrtu* amt
,i wealth, i, tic ,- claim, by virtue ,,r theil own acu?
ity righi lt rule .ml say abo st,all ru.,',
u,- lova i ?, meiil* ul suelely wm be bouud UigSltor lay a
ince, .,ni :v well grounded reelprocatiou
, 1 i ute av ,:i continue only till lt t io
I.yet nd Wi :-, 1 i-i* win b" .it vi, bl ,v lurg".
li uie ? i. . I , ', ? ininn,ni- los*eS, lu-Hill aol lii.tieil.il, io
lint it tho a Iso, the upright, the
wealthy, ninian I the eoursge of eur American (ai
cia :n fur .ni ineu ? t-ommoa pulltlcaJ i quality, olthoui
,,r privilege, cud give tii>-lr mil and fret al
ul .,r ali to He- i'ii"
uf ,t minn -.. .huies ,,f the najorlty frequently ap
I i., ,i . Iiout rc*|.t of persona, tm-u Ignorance, ilsa*.
,n, uni vi,-,' will not cm1- ita choosing
ma,on iv. They cannot. They carry In tbeinaelve* the
vei i pi mell lu ... ? un. without the eui ? ,?
pr, --,. vance., rh, y l, ive bo last
lng iHiwers nf cuhealuu. Tb" minority slaty* nay raia
r rule by force, ll ll will rule by equity.
i ilth nf our fal ,"i * ,,f tr,,- Revolut in, au i no
, '-. ',, tinerta tbst :,.is bulli aquarety and only
. i , un wi '.i
Ith all iii.- terrible misrule of Iteeon
ince, i',,r. Drat be ll -.,; l
Vt .vii. t!:;it va I in-:
uni ma o.itv rul'. but thuin ii an attempt lo establish them
i,, |iart of the wealla snd Intelligence of tho
; out * ncerely, il adfasily, au 1 dcajs r
them, an 1 ft I ',r uni qu i!
, i el*** ; mlnaUon. i he Keconsi
piny, even wi u all lt- taxing, steallug, and defrauding,
,,,.,- I ... v. ,
it* be** pi ? its bad pi ?
I lb-' I-rio le (jOUth With publlO schools for Ile- poor
,,f boin races, welcomed'snd eherlshi 1 the
lui allua, .ia I. w tan ll fell, left
.
to .i 1,,-ii- f iii their ti-- aui necessity. The Malory ,,f Re.
I. is b iin.ii, triumphant
proof ? al Imerlcan sch, m i.I* to rn ,k>- lt
safe ,it,i good, in the South a* elsewhere, Nen-;
ai 1 : , .-..- m lu by thu law abiding, Intelligent por
ti,,ns ,,f the people, with on* common rv,-lom. In and be*
- ?? ,, high bl" Sud low, to i-,,rn,uno, lu civil ma't, is,
ince utii vice, In hii.ii life and low, lc **,
? . e. .ii,,,a. 1,-tur,,io.', th" lines of rave or of any other
? un.
There sro hun Ired* of tl amanda in rim Boottorn States
oul i prompUy concede ali this la Useory and tn
pia, i l,e, but -,nd foi iii of tlnir fear; tho ta?
il there -v,,,.,l result a confusion ,,f ita raes in
-. followed by Intellectual rmi moral debase?
ment and by a mongrel iiosterity. tiihss this can ba
shiv, n to Lo un empty fear, our Southern problem cannot
be *, Ive 1
CIVIL EQUALITY AND BOOXAIi r.Qi'vr.iTY.
Tl,- ally of a term here has ,-osr mu,-li lev*.
The doable meaning af Iks words "social" anl - society"
, i a rat! drawback aa the BgogrOM "t
p,in 1'ul ld-.is among lhe white people of the South. ihe
clear anl defnito trim, civil equality, they hilve made
synonymous with tho v'-ty VSgOS and Indefinite ti rm,
aeetsl equality, and then turned and totally misapplied lt
to the an , ut ,1,mains of pr,vate tOClety. If the idea of
civil orin iluy bal rightly any such application, their hor?
ror would certainly tv- ju*- T., a toreaad privaea aaedal
quality thS rest of tho world has the --.imo aver-lon; but
lt gnows ard teeta that such a thing ls as impossible tn
f.i ' ia lt ls ii.on-vrn'i-, In thought Americans, In gCOV
aral, know by a century's sxperiaaM thal etvH equality
no stn.li proposal, bMra aa such results. They
know that public society?civil society?comj,rises one dis?
tinct gioup of mumal illations and private society on.
th, ly another, and that it ls simply ami only cvi. to cou
fu*e ti,,- two. They vc,.- mai pobUa society comprises ail
tl? r.iitois that are lin;, i ional, uiisiiectlve, and In
which all men, of whatever petOOOBl Inequality, should
-tani equal. They rOCOgOiM that prlvato aoclety ls lt*
la hamlaptorti that it is personal, ttiocttvo, isssft
Iv*, Ignores elvil eqaaUty without rtolStlag lt, and formt
itself emit,iv ni vi Hitit nial private preferences and altin
Ul,-- They nj/roe that civil siatus has of right no sjiecial
niue in prtvata neloty, aud that their privet, seciai
status boa rightly no special value lu their public social?
!. c., their merely civil?relations. Even the Southern
finalists ll ls perfectly clear on these points; aud Northern
mind* are often puzzled to know why tho whites of our
Bouttera State,, ali;.ost alone, should bo besot by a con?
fusion of bliis that taaatS Its ? all Iks tremendous differ
BOO t *p!rit',i.il and material, bMWOSO a state of truce
and a bum of naaco,
Hut UM matter hu* a very natural explanation. Slavery
was both pi bli: and piiva'.e, domestic ns vt-U a* civil. Hy
?li" plain all,ni ty BM Bj the men,I.vs of tho BBMMf chitts
oi ?? ain,,*r, aaoataatly braogkl toto closer contact with
Slaves than with their social equals. Tho ilelenslv.' imo
of private BBCtOty te Its OgOOl rank* was an atr.-nuatod
one; tal is I QOIlMOHl. well ground'-1 fear that
social cen ft, -p. n for BJ. may c:i*r. BSagS that f ru. '? social
equality" as preposterous-that atori.il coi,fu-i ,11 would be
wrought t,y tba powerful toaglttton of dose ami continual
,',,iit;iv between two rlnsaer the nf per powerful and bold,
Ita imlu helpless aad BSOaoal, and nclth"r SOS socially
- \ir.o io the ,,tl,r eiih'-i- publicly or privately. It
had already brought about the utter confusion of MM and
WlIiaptaM Bf siacleiy In tho Wm Judie* and tn .Mexico,
Bod Ute only saaaaa from a similar (BM seemed to our
UBOltotO n.j-b'i v lass to bo to annihilate and forget tlio
LoundsriM betweea poUle right and private choice, and
ir> at UM ipp--a..ib'',- snytvlieie of any aO. vl-ltily sf
Afr.r.iti t.iii'i'ii" and not visit.ly a servant, us an ii**aulr.
upon the purl'y ?f private soeioty, to be repelled on the
Instant without question ,,f bur ir authority, as one would
light Ure. Now, under slavery, ih.iti.iii c.-niess. ,iiy Insda
iiuate, this was j'1,1 all Ita only WSJ ; and all lhat lt:,)
white * tu ita Boothera st.it.-* have overlooked I* thai the
rondltiona are etangod, and that this policy his bossnr)
Unspfalubly Wt ts* tuan in-l, sh. They point tn bo">i , in
M. is,c.I ,io arel M.-vieo, un,ter republican government
and indi*.-lindi,ate i-tftir risi.t., fcimstUag last B0cl?ly*a
coianpl un lhere .,r,it>uates *aa*aclgatT*a arl was tbe 1 nile
of bUiiery, and that '? m.,ti ? pallon only BBBM 70 lue |g
prevcnl it. Dtaalmllaf rB*v*ssra nut inclliMd ta n,K -i,-t
raneously. Tlie cn,mon en-oyuit-nt of .qaH ctvit rights
never mixed tito such tacos; it liss always |7< en son.' , p
piTssive distinction betw*ao them that, by balding .ut
laoni.iiiuC* lo vjfe ttiSlead rf liaiiils to vlitue. has donal
il; sud because slavery ts t,i? f,-nl.-*r of opp.,'s*lons lt
make* th I tulXltUS Bf .aces In BSStaUy teOteBt f-.rm. Ilare
Iu-t,,ii is not SSaflSOtStl to National unity : such unl'.y i
quire* oniv elsi tad poiuicai, not private aeiiai,
genetty. Tim centaet of aaperier ami hsreriar t- aol of
Bu Basally degradlni! ; lt is the kind of conrsct that de?
grades or ei'vat-s, anl put,'l . .juahiv-i quai public
Coi:.-;,oil public litany, equal D BtUSl rasponsll lllty
i* the great BBBSbUBI to l.cimll ? ,t bj nt ..-' a, io*,
the linea of physical. Intellectual and moral di ff* rance,
and the eroat-'st safoguard of private society that human
law or custom can provide.
Tl,ii* vt,- bm Itat *" far from a eompl.-te emancipation
af ita freedman bringing tho*? rs-suir* in ihe Ruatheirn
S'.ites wht.ii tbs white pe" pie there- mi Ju.ilv BthBT. but
to lil sd St Ssl y fear, ll 1* Ibo noir safe and effoctual pres.
v.-nilie of th,,M- lesulls, and rinal NM sf s st ,r ? ,,r
Inlliimii allon Oblcb Iffhlag bul the remaining vs-ri.-.-s of
?li In, ,.,,,| I, t-iv iil.idi?li-1 slavery perpetuate. The ahea
luioia of the pr,-en', state ,,f siege tost* wirla ita Southern
aklM mun ll, cari a,i',!i*h lt If he will vvi'h safely and
?i ,ii, e. Th,, r.siiits will n.t be tl-o lenn-n ,,f l; cn
itruetlon divs, nor Ita liicomlng of any sort of black rule,
BM the supremacy of the lower ma,s? either white, blaek
et mixed; nor tim B*OfO*tS0 of muns ami race* In private
seii-l.-ty ; nor tho thronging of l-l ie* chlldre-n tnt,, while
nubile school*, which BOVOf hsprvned ev-n In tho Worst
Iteeniistruetbin diya; nor sny a tl emin nc- Bt all of colonel
rhlldrrn In while schools or of wini,- In ,,,!?rel, asivo
wi,ere es, In.lon wooli tv ort. ree Iles haii-hlp. ,,,,r uny
new neeesstty to t-m-h thlldren-wtiat Ikey already kn,nv
eo well ihat tl,,- public school vii''on ia nut a private)
social relation; n,,r nny greater or tsst teoaaafty for pa
r. :.'* to o-.e-M-e rhclr -hTt-lren's clint," ,? ce rs pan tons In
ae-hool er nut; nor a tenth ss nindi er bs mischievous ajay
Batting of wini.- and ,,-l?n I ,11! Usa a, th, re ssa In lim
days of slavery ; nor any uow ubsiiui Um, 0( ci,j| or aliml
na! Jiisiive , .Of any need of submitting to unr av,rt of
odens!\o , i.ntl, t from a oolorexl peram, lhat lt would bo
right to P'*eiil If lie were white. IJut sev.-n dark Ameri?
can born millions would find themselves fre,. | from thotr
prssent eonaUnt liability to public legalize I Indignity
They would lind themselves, for- -"
the Brat lime lu their
lory, hoi libi: a pat. ut, with thu taral of public approval,
for all Ita aspiration* of cttlreiiahlp mid all tho public ra?
in an,'
Not
warts rn* virtu-- and Intelligence. "Not merely wont I U-elr
million voters And laMSBBMvaa admilteel io end faithfully
, lunted at ita poll wtaltai they sra airey iv ?r oat is
not here discussed?bat they would hui thuiasvlvca ss
never before, if. Illy rt/ to choose, between political parties
for they would hav" freedom of entrance, uiihani|s>r-d by
spa-eltl eondilioris, In''- thonaa pilllnflflMSy connells of party
that *n..ke platforms anti noinlrisi ..> s .ml Lie wl^ht in
their countels, a fra-a-dom without which uo voter really
enjoys the rlirht nf *>ifTrfi-e, nor my . la-s so discriminated)
trains, rim or nugl-i tu MM any way but "solid." Theto
araa some of the good?and Ihcie t.I be M ill Chi IM
that will roma*, whenever ? oaority of tho tiouibeng
whites are wining to vote for them.
fl-MnffUM Tn TIMK IS Ta.rt.TI.Vi". TO T.l/1 K. AND
TKI.'STIMJ TO l-l'- K A i KtMK
There ls s vurtu, hope, much C"i*amnner In the Nortk
than In the South, that sf-muhO'v, If everybody will sit
still, ? time'" will brm-- th'se chang';. A largs* m< rrtntll*
el, m> nt, espa-e,ally, would have ihe South "IN |ri.i lira
alone.? tt lt bm busy bi understand that wt., .er
people le'i |olitlcs BtaM lt doomed. Ther>* are lb.uga
linil mero lin e can do, hut ,nlv vigorous gp Ullo'i BBB Ul
Hrkaaei to thing- Pm fandam?iui ...n-., tuns un whi.-k
a people has holli society. Time may d'l lt Bl I'-t. hut
lt lt likely to BMfca Mw Iv wort ..f I' for either fou-d.i.
lion Ides mi which soe.l-i.y mty build must. If Iel th.nrt,
iiminpiy upon llself. 'Ih.i elevation ld<'fl brings safety,
ind safely coiisliiilly coinn,end* ind lnu-ii-.iii.-r itself md\
tho devi ion idea. lao subjugation idea ta-_pB langer
and the sense of danger eonsui.Hy Iiit-iislfl..-.i thu sub! uga*
Hon Idea. It mty Ire, seeaUed on for su*h lichter
thlrr.'s at the removal of animosities and suspicious, ane)
this in our Ninon'* n-f lt ht* .I.e... Vn'h.-r N'-h nor
rS'oulli now holds or IMPOOM tim other of hold,,;/, inf
grudge fur thu lalo war. Hut trusting time to da ion*
tlian this lt but tr'istln,'; to luck, and (rusting ru lu. lt is a
crime.
What lt luck doing! TTera ls the BMtufldre ? htta
party In the Southern States callina Itv-If, and It-*if
only, "Tho South;" praying the Nalino ot h.i-i oil,
BM mendy its Inlet fi. nc, bul lt. 0.1:11*0!-<".. ii ita
whllu lt. not removes. .ut ti-_.n-.-s i, ...
rte,oral-*, anl I -?':.-? - IB IIB eena al Ike Nillo' - <
this corner stone of all Its own and the pJM BMlk'k tha
whole South's woes: pleading the Inability of av bug
Itself Vi " understand thc ileum," when in fact I'self
hat had to correct more, and molo radical mistakes about
tho negro since Ui>- war thui ail On* Nation I- . ?;
_ailin?' slltl, more than twenty feeM .-Ino. Re. on-ti m. lion
ti.L-au ac. I more than ren sim-,. HW BM ' ! 's-'l. HI I -.-r
any definition of ihe freedman's need* am latalM whlclt
he can accent; makii'.n dally statements of his pref reiicoa
which tho one hundred ncwspai?-s pnMtakOi tal hie
i,;itu nine, and 'oy himself, dally and uiiaiuin..t_aly r.pudlt
a'e; trying tu tattle ufl-lrn on the one only fal*- principle
of public social order that Keeps them tinsel tied : prnpost
Inn to settle upon a sine uua BM HMM sliuu out of ita
Councils the Whole ..,,| o-lle tile Ot th? only m.a'.t.-r la
qui -1:011 : and holdlnu out fur a settlement whi :h, wt-., thel
Mist Md "r uot, cun hut mrpatimw il di*turl>aii<e of inter*
sate ,,|ualltv fatal lo the Nation's i-eaee-a flu-Hl'n.enl
which ls BO more than a refusal to sc-til- at alL
Mann White, over a million Amer,can ett-tMB. wllh
their wv.- sud children. sufTer fl sn-penslot. of thoif
full citizenship, and are virtually suh.ectt and n.e <-trU
71-11*. peeaenU lantana ot freemen. They eannoi -c/a
their rlrfhtn by fore.-, and 'be Nation would nev r allow ll
if th'-y c,mid. 'Hut, u,ey ate lt arning one of thei
worst les-.nis class rule 'un teach ;h-in?. xcluslvc ev.rt
m.ui,ld. |.ie,,.;curi.itlon In th.tlr rlahts is & class, and Ina*,
t'ntlon to Ih- senora] alTaii* of tlt_lr communities, their
Slate t jul tho natta*. Meanwhile, f,..a. the praasent nna}s
? i 1, '1 sfl tri at MtUenWBt by suhjueatmn ls not only Uebas*
tn- io tho unier bi bm, but corrupting to ii.e lippi r. Yoi
ll ie 11 t,e-, theso to tet xvi lo questions af righi, ant wrong
rr 0 i -''oh-, of expediency; to wink al ant al liana n
ti. 1-1.1 in l turn to aceonni evasions, even bald infri
of their own 1.iAs, wi.en done to pn-tu-rve arbitrary etaaj
domination: to vote confessedly for hat nicn anl BnBMMg
ni against better, rall,er than 'fo|,.ir_i/c tin white man'a
?olid party, sad exeluslvs power; to regard vtrtM ?". 1 _a>
telligence, vice and IgnoranM, M S"in_ hy race, and io ex.
Mn nata and tal K" unprotecnted ike moat fiightful erinn-g
'li- undei cia.--, lett that class, tarina.' -'.? . I.
ahoiil I gUtbsr a boldness inccri*l-leiit fl I ri
Hs srhiirarilv Axed srittus; md ina-" n ii
as tli-.-t results aro e..iit:a;y to BM own
and io all good government, they Induce ? rapp etalon nt
general pol neal det.ai- and vagucwuM .,f gemral i?>iitiesl
is'iief walch leave 'h.- ruling cia*s in Ita younger genera*
ti, o* largely uneoiuneltad by th-ir fttMr^ tr.d in-pire^
only wltb ina ulu K*oiwervative irt litlont ol the t
which vi.-! 1 them bo well-defined poUHeal raith beyond th*
00,, !? termination to rule without apical to anv ?...,*. ni
I ut, tlnir o. 11. and at ali costs, spiritual ol' mal. r, ii, Ul
others or thetiis.]w
Iheie I* now a..li'? on In several paits hf tb>- S..uth 0
?ni nf ii..it.-ri il w. llth. Mills, mines.
I 'luirrtes. rsilwayt are multiplying rupMl-r. Tha
? i, that Mnpbl - ? if I Irenn-ni must
le dull Indeed. Bu*, many tit eve, in North and H rh,
ind '" tba *-,,u r ir* 1 , --. la ere ll'I ni* ii. with va.-, thai :i
bas i."' To many Um "New Bonth ws lona for i I
only this Industrial and commercial nipantlM. and ana
Mger bm rr an tile spirit forgets that even for Bilking a
is..|ii" rich In goods a civil orlet on sound fnundni ;.- ll
of greater value than eoal ot metals, or spindles sud i-sims.
May the Knuth grow Heh I Dui eve ? wine friend of 'hfl
Bouth win wi-h besides ta -.- wealth bulli upon public
provlslont fm 'ich li thai general beni Mea
without WbiCb I' I ? tl- "a ni | l,.,j
vv i -li those American Stales ? wealth like tha'. whl.u ..neat
wm Bjoaln's li,- would wi*ii not ta ->?- I >
more dil .nditioni that eoneentrat.itltp
than for thoso that disseminate lt. Vet b<- must BM lt.
Thal u ih' tltuailon, d,--|)it.- the u nranona ,.f a baal ol
well-meaning (Ittterert thai a Nv ,- South la laying th.
foun ! ii lona of | pei mn;, nt prosje-n f. Th?v rai. bsj
ha ol i plantation Idea, an 1 i.ti ot ".at ? ?,? h. ii
looaely called the New South '"-'liv ls turtbesi i>ont
it?is ,,t: lupin i ? , ii idea
to a, i" ? ,nl ii Ineral pro larra. Bald a I
owner of til- far North lately: " we -lui! nev-r fear theil
competition till they pct rid of that Ides." a
perity cannot be ho|n tl f?>r wlrhout a dtsarmlnilfd wt il-h,
.?md publlo Boclal condition* ta kaep li from rona
. Ilssemlnatlen canm ' tbyadliveo ited
InteUtgeneo, nor Intelligence oe ited without a
disseminated education, nor thl* t ?? brought t<> nj hiuri
value, without liher'v, responsibility, private lui ?: iiity,
puhll'i equality, melt ngaitk virtue, aspirations and ihsla
Mwarda, ,
THS " KEW SOUTH" ll)i:\ IfOT WBO TJOH.
Many a^k If this new material development at ih- Soutlt
will not narurally bo raOOWOd hy adequate public prov UBBM
for this dis., iiiiuatiori by-andhy. Ther. ls but one sofo
ati-'.ver : Tliat lt han never so happened In America. Front
our furthest Matt to onr furthest We-d, whenever a conv
munlty hat established se I al orter In th- Idea of the
elevation of the ma-se*, lt has planned, not for education
and liberty to follow from wealth and Intelligence, hut fog
we,!'>, and Intelligence ta follow from adMMtaO and libs
errv; and the community whoso lnte!ll_ent few do no^
maka the mass's elevation by public education and equal
public liberty the corner-stone of a peOjeetOi weallfc ls uo|
more likely to provldo lt after wealth ls achieved and
mo-tly in their own hands.
Our American pulilln schoajl idea ?American a'. taOBl Ira
contra-at with any ditsimilar notion?lt that a pt.,.isioi|
for publlo edacatlon ail, fio.ato for tlie whaale peopl- 1* nog
a ilene.,.hut e-.iie,-.-.,:,,n, Lut a paying luveaaUia-uc, cons
htantly and absolutely aaBBBt-Bl to conilrm the safely ol g
safe Rchem.- of PBVMBBMWk The malntenanco and glWWt^
,,f pnbtta education tn th" Southern States, as first .-'lbs
llshed principally under Reconstruction r?\m, sadly insuh
flcl-ut aa lt ttlll lo, ls mainly due to the partial triumph of
this Um In the minds of tho Southern whitea, and its ona**,
acceptance, with or without cUscordanl con dillons, by thl
liitelii-. lit blacks, and In no region la rightly anni u ahltj
to au exceptionable I nc reata of weal'h. Much lc-s lt ll
attributable, aa is often conjectured, to tho lnilux of
Noni, th capital and capitalist-, brina-,*_-iar Northern l.-ag
willi MeoiL lt oU(,'ht to go without sayinsMhat. nnirt-t i
wllh or without cai.ltal, will always try to BM
bi tho slate of society Into which tl comes. I.v-ry lin*
pulse of commerce ls not to dl.turb any vexed Issue until
?Mk IflOM throws lt-.lt liun.oUately BOSOM tho pilli. It
BMM purpo-ady mol-.-.tt it qut-suon ot toclal outer. So lt
lt tn tho bouth.
Certain public men in both Notih aud South have ot
late years made, wirh the Undo-t Intentions, an unfort'i*
nate misuse of starlPtical facts tu make) lt appear thai pubs
ile society In the South ls doini;, not all that shoal 1 be
done, but all lt can do, for tho ettabllsumciit tf perii.aua.-ut
sj fe ty and harmony, thr-un-h the elev anon of the iowoa
masses ebpcuially, in the muter of put lie education, lu
truth, these facts do not provo the Bb_M__aM they are
tailed U|i,i. Co p.ove, and do tho BeWt?OM htatet M klud?
ness lu Hilling them to l b'lle lu lt. It lt sahl. f,,r in*
stanro, rhat certain Southern states arv now sp. niung mora
aiiniiailv for pul,lie education In proportion to tba-ir taxabld
wejith than rei tain North.-rn Mat.-* noted tor tho cuni.
plo . c-s ,t their pi.blk school tytt. mv. Mieei-slppi may
tiiu-i be eompar. (1 with MasNieliu.-s-tis. Uut really tiid
OompaiiMB ls ,i sail Injustice io tiie Bttitkara Bte ta, f ir %
century of publl.- edicatiou has helped ta _Mh- Ma , hat
sent >ao ri< h that thc la able to spend annually tn,?nt|
dollars j,"i head unon the ekLldran lu her public s,.:.,,oit,
wini' Nll-s.ssippi. laying a heavier las. tpends u|s.m h'-rfl
but two dnlteM per hea.l. Munlf'.srlv lt is unfair to BM
pire u M..',, a, in?? pui.iic tciiooi iy tun 1- nen with any
W'hosaa HVSfem ls old. The public s,h ,| pi pe.tv ol ?'Mo,
whose poi.illation ls one nulli.ni, l? ovei twice nt grMI IS
I lu., ul Icu MJ.es of me NOW Hontk whoso paapul* lion lg
thr.-e and a half tttaaa as largo. int yat on, ,\ a j
rie.i t? m, ;,, tu u* ttl*- ? iv'eav West" ri find sttu-s whoea
taxpayer.* spend far nore for public ? lu allon lt*lu .S,,uUi<
'?rn eoiniiiiiiiitios thu- fir BM th" v. 1-icm or ri* -. I of in.
Vesting. With . third moro wealth than Virginia, *a\
bill. Ol.-tenth tho \,. i,.f lUl-CAl V. luo.i -i.einll
over four tlm-'s .1 .Mb | e.- Ml foi public lllttruellon.
wiih one fourth htaa waallk tiiau Bia bann, ami Lui one.
rou r teen ih tho nei*nntagu of UUicncj Nebraska adi
thlM tnd l half limes at much per vear for pul ll Ina
ttruetlon. Willi -tla.nl. the name wealth at Nullo I aroa
liM ?md less (han one-a-tj-hr li the pr- ,. ntage of III . iv.
I.?iis,,s spci.ds over live limes as much pei yen fur p . dig
oducatloii. If tka cetnpsrisoii b" anrod w-itwarl iKalii
Into new Mgtaaa, ihe 'I.taitory of il'k.ttj ls se.-n ? , .n-j
an '? <?-.pa n liune In Ih- year p-i ...pu ,;i av,.....> at
Utridtnce In th,- nubile schools" ,,f s_'a 77. being n ii than
the tum of the lilie |mt eapltt MMU llturee hy Mi-.-i-s|ppl
houth Oaralim, TaanflawM Noith tar,.lin*. AUbtn?i amt
lie.,:?;-..i combined. In Colorado it la ahuttt the mom as
In Dikola, while In Nevtili lt I- BMcB jrreat. ' tnt In
Ari/oua twice as largo. A* :,. .f ,i;,i',ve we nil;. tlt|
liiasll, wra'slih ol Uakataa ta 1BP0 lt I'-isl. was I, i one.
tw<i-thoii-.:ii,,in mtrt nt Uni of tba M\ Slate- y.: wblcl.
II I.BJ ll*d.
Warn whal is tha real truth ta IkeM fact*! 'lli.it thu
full fMal'lishmont of this Ainetli.ui public school Mes tod
ol that elevation i.l.-i ,.f which it t* in axponcnt, and
winch has hal so li,;., h Ut ila t'.wsrd marillin in, | upld
of tic- Noiihein Btatea ike wealthi. - peapta lu th..ld,
wain in ihe Bontk not mainly m tarinaM ot Wealth taut
laltitr liie simple couw nt of the S.n.lr,ern WklM fl ia lo
.ly's bMt -.tad Ctrli.-at titi ly. tae quis'-< B . ? >t
rst anl mott laating acgrnudi/e.iii In lint Babita equal?
ity of ali naen, that Will..ntl cltl/cosliip, wider loin ra,-at
amt far viler than th,, lines of pu.st* toelety. which
Blakes Hie uiovatlou of thc uj.as- - l>, HVarvtbl ' 'Mil
leitls to min il, BBfltbMicai and lol -1! ? tual BdwCStl ,i. Ill
school jud "lit "f iel.I, the nm-t argent and f:u. .ul lil.
vestaient ta Bwklta wantltaand trust just tin* sire-1?- con
feaanion. All Hie rest will full,tu. i ne Mach usn will not
' mer-ly tv tia -ruled Iii his civil tnd political light- t- now
i Mnietlmes he ls tod -on., nine* he >s not; bo. ts win lg
j Welcome I Into, mut en. out-naad ind BMfld to a true intl.ir
I ttiindiini. valuailwu and sBcepUuca >"'? svarj pa. 'lutij
; iel rcinontlblllty Of .Itlrenslilp. accordln. t,. his srlud
I per-onaf ahllty to re-pond. Ile will be told nol rm r*IJ
' that he May vote some pHiticulal way, hut Ikai t nona
VaVtor lt a nuisance anti ho musi rota kta own way tnd
, hes Has ivsuiia. I'Uily plalforint will declare and i h-daa
the same protections, and no others, to him tn III hi* puba
ll.- rlnhta and from ill publla wron?fl ant ignoiuiuleav M If,
: b-liiu otherwise Jual what lie la, he w.-ioW lui*'.
To etT. ct Hil* I* net the herculean and MUgereiM.U|sP_
I ll la tometlinca Mid to be Tho North hat W.W-O.OOQ
j for. lan imm ci anira to Auierl.aiilre lid only IBIS way tl
do it. The rsoutli tal -ll her drawlis.-ht. has Hus c..m<
ptrattve adv antills: that hor lowtr nanam, however I(n0i
rant and pakMBOai ta s. yt wholly knarlMB In Its e...m.n|
I of nrda-r aud govnruLK-nt. All tatt it waiitlU|i t? i.. hmm
completely -jMricantea her upper class. S elisa iltat lg
iilr.ady ruling ind will ttlll rule when the Ckann ll
made ; that wflnta lo rule wisely and prusporou-ly, and thtf
ha* m. ciisc'.out Intention of being un Amerl.sn. Only
tilla: To bring the men of best blood ind bett blain tn tht
(Suiirh to Bay, mit lo t new ind strange, d.u-u lue. but hick
IO the r.ilin of Un lr falMrW Lei but this ba dune, anal
linne ii,iv ho far I.- ?- cry of Peace, fcaco, than a?w. bul
ll.eii- W.ll ie a le ace Slid B Union between tha Nation'a
two gn.at hi .lorn- BM llout such tm they havo uut sean
alu.it Virginia's Waablugtou Uld down hts sword, tu I hst
Jiiiiei? .ii lat pea. Q. Vf- Caiu.E-.
a. i ' ?? ."on.
Btatalala :i.-el]