New-York tribune. [volume], December 30, 1894, Page 14, Image 14

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THF. CRUSADES.
A BRIEF" ANO PRACTICAL HISTORY OK
their cor as??: and their effects.
THF. CRUSADES. The Story of ihe Latin Kitif;
i1om of Jerusalem. By T. A Archer anil Charle?,
!.. Klngsford. I'p. xxx.. 4?>7. <?. p. Putnam'?
Son?. ?The Story of the Nations.)
It ?s a mailteil feature "f this tick by
Mr. Ar? her and ? ?. Klngiafopl that it take?
a Very pia. ti al view ??f what was in fact
a very romantic ami Irrational m >venv?nt. Ro
mantic ami irratimial it ?a?, so far as it was
conscious: but there must hav?? been a motivo
underlying it In the instimt t?f the people of Eu?
rope that made It practical. This seems lo have
been the very prosaic fact that the population of
Europe \??as .rnwdii>g close upon Its mean? nf
subsisten.-???, and must Snd an outlet or rile of
starvation at buine.
When peon:?? are hopeless, ihey are ready to
sacrifice themselves for their ideals. The earliest
preachers of a war for the recovery of Palestine
and Its holy places found a population idle
enough to follow them In crowds. The wealth
of Western Europe wa: confined to very few
bands. The country had not vet outgrown the
primitive village system, where groups of peas?
antry were owned rath? r as groups than as in?
dividuals ty some lord. There were few elt,les.
and these had grown up where they were in?
dispensable In the nature of the case, so that they
were self-supporting within their own walls.
Hitherto there had been little incitement to the
?pread of commerce. But the people had eon?
queted the countries In which they lived. The
very fact that such multitudes could be turned
cut for expeditions to the Fast shows how great
the Improvement had been in the condition of
mankind ?tree the time of Charlemagne. But
the majority of the people could see little joy
In the future for themselves, and they gave
themselves up to dreams suggestctl by the won?
derful tales which an Incessant train of palmers
twought Lack from lamls where civilisation and
comfort were matters not Just now thought of.
hut were of ancient consideration. The world
whi.h they lived in was very narrow, and what
was beyond the limits of this world wai SS dim
and supernatural as theL own tnagleil folk
taie?. Soin? thing was nociled to open to tneni
a view of ?he wide earth as it really was. F??r
this reason the occupattxMi of Palestine by the
Western racM was an affur quite distinct from
the benefits that Indirectly arose out of the .f
fortg to continue that occupation. The history
of the fornur is that of a struggle which was
as good a? lost from the outset. While the
?\Yc?tern men at arms retained their vigor they
won battle? and conquered countries. Cut when
they sett'ed <?? the lands Which they had Iahen.
It was f? und that in a gem-ration ?ir two the
colonists were as slight in strength as their
enemies. Meanwhile they had learned nothing
of that wonderful dexterity with horse and sword
which is characteristic of the Oriental. Th??
Sarixens noticed this ?hange, and wondered
what had become of the giants before whom they
had once fled In fright. The only remedy for
thi? deterioration was a e ?ntlnuOOS supply of new
men from the West. Rut the Indirect result
of the Crusades was of a sort to cut off this
supply. When men are comfortable and hopeful.
and satisfied at home, they e.ire less for pilgrim?
age?, snd adventures and self-sacrifice abroad,
This 1? especially the ? ase with them, if for ?ft
long time they have watched the misfortunes of
those whose places they are expected to take.
No ideal can be attractive to masses of men
under such conditions. On'.y a Cato, to whom
the beaten side was always best, or a St. Louis,
absolutely unworldly he nature, could And hap?
piness In being always defeated. The Middle
Ages took the most natural and m al feasible
means of meeting the difficulty which the losing
effort to keep a Western King at Jerusalem en?
tailed. They organized religious orders, not of
gf.wned and tonsured monks, but of mailed war?
rior?. Vowed to celibacy, the jnember? yf these
orders. Templars and Hospitallers, who fell in
battle c?>.ild only be p plated by recruits fr?.ni
the West, where soldiers grew as able-bodied as
themstlves. Rut the Middle Afta? could n?x pro?
vide against the inevitable fate of rellp; iis ? ir
ders. They could not prevent these knightly
corporations from getting rich, n?>r from becom?
ing Jealous of each other, inr from fraternizing
with the common foe, r.or from changing if not
corrupting the na?ve, unsophisticated faith wi;h
which they had begun. One may dismiss with
a ?mil? of contempt mu? h of the scandal salti and
written about the Templars; "but even if all thin
malicious talk were untrue, there remained the
fact that the knights of this order became cos?
mopolitan in wandering about the world. Re?
lief was not easy with men who found by ? S
perlenee so many things to disbelieve Thus, what
wa? devis? d as a prop for the artificial structure
of Latin politics in Palestine was Anally con?
verted into an engine of destruction. Moreover,
mediaeval Eur??pe, without b?-ing conscious of
the fact, by the mere process of repeatedly In?
vading Asia, br.ught about a state of thing?
which had long before proved an Insuperable
barrier to the extension of tue Roman Empire.
Ju?t as the mir? h of Rome beyond the Eu?
phrates, had ' ?.used the consolidation of the
Orient und? r the l\?rt hi an?, a nondescript race
whose empire was always jn the ?addle, ?? the
?Tontlnual pressine of the West upon Syria forced
the Asiatics to unite under the leadership of the
Saracen?, a military 1? .dy whose only bond wag
a common religion, a common language and a
common custom, but who had no more unity in
the racial sense than their foes Wherever the
Sultan Saladln pit-hed his tant, there, for the
time being, was the ?eat of the Saracen Empir?.
Against so flexible and so manageable a politics]
system, European armi-s. more or less badly
equipped, hampered by a multitude of very de?
vout but very useless followers, levelled their
lances in vain.
Thus the story of the Crusade? front the ro?
mantic and religious ?IJe was reduced io a tra?
dition of Individual valor and individual devo?
tion. From Godfrey of Bouillon to Richard of
the Lion Heart and Louis of saintly renown, tha
narrative ?? on? in which figures a lino ,f h"ro.->?.
The tale Is an eggte with an Invincible tendency
to myth ati'J legetnl. The masso?; are of hardly
more significance In it than !hey gn In the Iliad.
They form an lnsTiitahl?? b.vkgrot.nd against
which are depleted th?- wondrous achievements of
a few men who were mighty In arms or In elo?
quence or In prayer. Tho grCfftOOt figure that
emerges from all this pottsgf and chaut; ? conflict
1? that Ideal septo' 10 whom all religions were
alike. Frederick It, the last r?al Emperor of medi?
aeval Germany. There was a good reotaon why
the mosses did not signify except for mere num?
ber?, aside from the narrow chata-teristlcgof the
military science of the age. They were, after
the first Crusade, largelv made up of people whom
the West could well afford to nee massacred In
he&po. The cross covered a multitude of sinners.
?? criminal Off outlow was so had that he could
not gain the goodwill of the ecclesiastical organ
lam of Europe by offering to Join a Crusade. But
the one devout act of a lifetime did not change
the nature of a rumen. Syria was overrun by
the, offscourings of the West. The scandal which
followed the doings of these creatures was world
wide In Its notoriety, and Its effects on the his?
tory of Christianity ?an still be read. For the
Church, hovlng once begun the system of licenc?
ing crime, could not* stop. The peril was too
distant to be foreseen, while the Immediate profit
wag vast. On the one hand, the ranke of ihe
crusading armies were filled with men barely
good enough to atop a Saracen arrow. On the
other hand, the finance? of the Church in gen?
eral and of ecclesiastical corporations everywhere
prospered by the enlargement of the practi'-e ot
Indulgence The ecclesiastical bodies already
Wealthy were the only reoource or the self-deny?
ing knight or nobleman who must mortgage his
estoles In orde* to take, part in an adventure
which insured the salvation of his soul with the
contingent possibility of great renown on earth.
"When all In turn were so anxious to sell, the
ecclesiastica] corporations aJone had the power
and desire to buy. The wealth thus amassed was
never alienateli, and by this means was brought
about that concentration of landed property in
ecclesiastical hands which, politically speaking,
was in great mensure to cause and to justify the
I."formation." Then there were thow?and tlv-lr
numbers Increased with the failure of en h expe?
dition -who eagerly sought t<> commute th?? ser?
Vice Which they hai too hastily promised by the
payment of money. "So far did (Ills practice
proceed that it was even customary for th?? aged
and infirm to be given the Cross for the express
purpose "f beine made to pay for exemption, it
was in this custom that there originate.! the sal??
of in?lulg?'iices for other purposes whix'h. in the
course of time, was to become the Immediate
?ause of the Reformation." It just depends on
th'? p lint of view whether thes? ihings nrc to be
tak"n as Indirectly tending to the benefit of Bit?
rope. Those who rosret the division of the
Church in the fourteenth century must see in
them the beginning of a calamity; those who
glory in the Reformation must say that good was
wrought out of evil.
But the benefits which came unsought from
the Crusades were well worth the expenditure of
blood and treasure. Bad the power of the Turk
not he;n restrained r two critical centuries
while Europe was arraying the force? that de?
veloped Its civiiizatl ? and perfected its national
systems in the face of the old mediaoval an?
archy, there Is no telling what might have hap?
pened Bobieskl might not bave been In exist?
ence t" stom the torrent of Oriental Invasion at
the gates of Vienna; and the whole Weatern
world might to-day be rev. Iting agalnal Islam,
instead of studying with the eye of science tl??'
facts of life and Of history. It was fortunate,
too, that Europe had a temporary outpost at .1
critical period, by means of Which she could ooli?
ti'.'! the possibilities of commerce. Not merely
the Italian cities, but the whole continent fell
the advantage of this In the enlarged comfort
and luxury of living. Tho Honoeattc towns and
their prosperity were as much the product of
the enlarged trad" with the Boot as were the
commercial capitals of the Mediterranean. Then
the Crusaders stimulated the growth of litera?
ture. The rud?? tale of ail cailler tune give place
t 1 the finished romance and tho elaborate ?.m;
th? meagre and Jejune annals were supplanted
by history as eloquent and varied as thai "f mod?
ern times. Ou: of the increased knowledge of th??
earth's surface arose thooe queotlonlnga which
were answered by th^ circumnavigation of Africa
ond (be discovery of th?? New World. And these
vast enterprises pul an end forever to tbe ru?
gadlng fever. The K.?-t was no longer i> be
reached through the narrow gates of Joppo and
the mouth of thi Nile, Nevertheless, the pro -
t;o.ii wisdom of the Middle ?ges has been \ in?
di at ed after the lapsa of centuries In t!:?
toss of the Su??/ canal Th?? author? of tins
1. ? k do not agree with tboae wh > condemn the
mediaeval period whollj it had it-? own real
glories, they s.iy. and. ab ??? all, ?? w.is an In?
dispensable preliminar) to modern life. "The
Mi ? Ko Agen, ihej add, "were, In their way, ??<
Important and fruitful for mankind .is an) other
epoch of tbe worlds hlotory, The Cruai lee were
their crowning gl"r.\ of politi al s hlevement,
the central drama to watch .il! Othel In IdenU
ware In some degree subordinate, if th? '-n
thuslasm which produced them perished, it was
noi unt'.l it bad borne g > "1 fruit, VVe may, per?
haps, contrast the ago ,,f the Crusaden with the
ago of the early Renalaeance, which sue ???? t?? 1
It, in some reapecta, to the dktadvantage of the
former; but when all Is said and Written, this
mil? h at least must be admitted: it was not alto?
gether a chango from th?? worse to the bettei
that gave Prance a Louis the Treacherous for
s 1..oils the Saint, and England a Ul? hard of the
Bubtle Ilrain for a Richard of the Lion Heart."
Th?? volume is copiously Illustrati ?.
WILD ('BEATI'RES.
THtSin WAYS IN CAOB8 AND AT L1BBRTT.
WH.I? AMMAI.S IN ? ? r'TiVlT V. or. OrpbeUS
? t the Zoo. an?) iith.-r Paper? By ''? J
CornlSb. With Illustrations, from Photograph?
Ii> Uatnbler Bolton, }?'. 7. S , un.I fi t? .lap?d?
ese Drawings. Ivo, pp. .'ft1'. Macmillan ?v r?.
WILD BEASTS A Study of tii? Che rider? snd
Hal.its ..f the Elephant, I.ion. leopard, Panther,
Jaguar, Tiger, Puma. Wolf and (Irlssly Be?
By j rlsmpden Porter n istrsted Ivo, pp.
? 'hurl??? 8? : lbn< ? ? Sons.
Much of the wisdom f this m ?? ? Is, after all.
contained In legends snd fabln snd o.d-wlvi ?
talea The myth' of yestti lay sre ti.?- seien ?? of
today Old Heslod, as? - < ... sani ?f the son of
Apoll?? ani Calliope, the wondrous music :
whose lyre enthralled ihe wild b.-unt? .if th?
forest An ? at the end <,r the nineteenth cei
nnother Orpheus, in rr -?? k .?oat snd chlmney-pol
hat. goes Into the London "Zoo" and p'.ayi s
fiddle, and lo! th?? fane) rf tne G...-.k ?
turned IntoacleatlSc fact, it was from that very
experiment that tin- fascinating volume before]
us grew Mr, Cornish, who evident)) obeyi the
Ancient Mariner*? exhortation, and 'Moveth well
both man ani bird and beast," went to the
Zoologi? ai Qsrdeni to jhaervi the trlcki end
i.lauriers of the creatures in captivity, and t??
try various Innocent tricks of hi? own up?.?
th. m. and then to write the results in a series
of si tides for "Th.? sp??etator." Those articles
form the nucleus of the hook, though many other
chapters of equal Interest hav?? been edited.
our latter-day Orpheus, then (no! Mi Cornish
himself, but a musical friend whom he look with
him), with his well-tuned violin, first gpproached
the insect cages to begin with the lowest forms
Of life. The tarantulas listened, or did not list. n.
Unmoved and sulky. They whose bit?? is ?aid in
fable to make others dance, refused to dance
themselves. Not so the s??orplons. After a few
note? had been played they became agitated
and writhed and danced tumultuousiy their ex?
citement increasing with every crea indo and
decreasing with ea.'h diminuendo. Proceeding to
the reptile?' cage?, more marked effects were
seen. The monitor lizard listened and swayed Us
head In time with the musi.?. Black snakes weie
attentive, and started m? end hiss?.! g| every
sudden disi ,r,i ? boa crept as deae us ? esib??
to the instrument, and seemed enraptured. But
of a',1 snake? the cobra is reputed to b>? most
susceptible to musi., and th? one experimented
upon ut the ZOO did lint belie Its feme, fis be?
havior, says Mr. Cornish, mur?? than )astlfled
the Indian Stories of snakc-i harming With
p ? u -?i- . Th?? snake, on hearing the violin, raised
Itself in the tradition?! attitude, on its tali,
spread its bood, and gently swayed lo and fro.
With every change In the character ??f th?? musi !
its attitude and expression changed. Ai s
trcm??!.! passage It puffed its bod) OUt. At,a bag?
pipe "dr. ???" us hood was expanded to th??
utmost. And at every sharp discord it flinched
as If it had been struck with a stl? k.
The first quadrupeds to which Orpheus played
were Polar and grizzly bears, which mani!? It? 1
much pleasure, stood up at the front of the cage
to listen, and flinched al discord. Wh ? has not
heard of the Herman legend, stirringly told in
verse by Gustav Hartwig, of ih>? musician lost
in the forest, who kept a p*rk nf wolves at
bay by playing his fiddle until guccot came? And
why should it n.?t be true? The wdlvai at the
Zoo snarled and towered in abject fear at sound
of the violin, with tails between legs, hair
bristling, bodies quivering in literal spasms of
flight, So With jackals and foxes. As for
sheep, they naturally found pleasure in that
which frightened the wolves. So did the wild
hogs, th?? blsoiiH and the gehms, The elephant
?lid not like it, bur snorted and whistled with
rage. The monkeys displayed a critical diversity
of sentiment. Som?? listened eagerly, with nodi
and other gestures of appreciation, while Other?
?cowled and turned away in supercilious dtaguat
The only animals that wer?? entirely indifferent
were th?? seals; unhappily contradicting Soott'g
poetic fancy of the seals, which "through surgen
dark would ?.ft pursue the minstrel's bark."
It in to be noted, however, that many less poetic
but nrnre scientific authnrltle? strongly confirm
?Scott's Intimation of i.ie seal'? fondness for
music. Perhaps the specimens at the Zoo atre
j deaf, or belonged to a rival ??school" of musi? .
I Further experiments were mad? on ih'o various
animals with other instruments, especially with
? the piccolo and the flute. As a rule the shrill
? note, of the former%annoyed, frightened ?? en?,
! raged the animals, while the softer tone* of tin?
latter so 'tiled and pleased them. On the whole, ?
? however, the violin suited them best of all.
Nor is Ihe ear the only organ of atin?is' sense
to which appeal may be made. Tborg Is a p?p?
? ous old monkish legend of the panther, the "most
; beautiful of beasts." to the effe?, t that "when '
j it goes abroad i: diffuses ? marvellous sweet
perfume. This odor is so sweet that all other ?
beasts and birds follow the pant bet wherever it ,
goes." In this, to b?? sure, there is no truth.
But the monks merely erred in falling to dis
tlngUlsh between th?? subjective and th? ob- j
jeitive. Cats, great and smalli do not them- ,
selves diffuse swot scents, but they do seek
them when? they are diffused by others. This ?
fondness was demonstrated by Mr. Cornish in
a curious and entertaining series of experimento,
with bails uf cotton wool, saturated with laven
der water.
Most of the lion! ani leopards showed unquali?
fied pleasure when the s-tit was pouted OH the
wool and put Into their cages. Tin? first le..paid
10 which It was offered stood over the ball of cot?
ton, shut his eyes, oponed his mouth and screwed
up Its nose, rather Ilk?? the picture of the gentle?
man inhaling "Aik.iram" in the advertisement.
It then lay down and held it between Its puwit,
nibbed Ita face over It and finished by lying down
upon it. Another leopard smelt it and sneezed;
then caught the wool In Its ctawo, played with it
and then lay on its back and rubi?'?.I Its head and
neck over with the scent. It then fetched ?n
Other leopard, which was asleep In Its cage, and
the two sniffed It for soin? tint? together, ani
the last- rimer ended by taking the bill In Its
teeth, curling its lips well back, and Inhaling tbe
delightful perfume with half-shut eye?? The lion
and lioness, when their turn cam??, tried '" ?*,>H
upon It at the same time. Tb<? lion ?then fenati
the lioness a tiff with his paw. which sent lvv
off t ' the back of the cage. and. having secure 1
It for himself, laid ins broad load on the m ?real
of scented cotton, and put rod. This?? wer.? oll
old inhabitants of the Garden, dvtlhted. But a?
tin? ?tel "?' ili?? bui! ling was the lovely young
S .kot' Uon, with Ihe spots of "cubhood" siili
showing Ilk? a pattern in damask on his skin. If
h??. too, liked the s ont. it could hardly be an ac?
quired tasi??. Hi? rei eptlon of the now |mpi
was different from that of th?? others He lay
down, Inhaling ih< sceni with a dreamc ? ?k in
bis eyes. Then h mode focee and yawned, turned
his back on tin? scenl and thought. He then In?
haled the perfume again foi some tini", walked
slowly "ff t , ii.s bed, ond lav down i" sleep.
Tii?? smaller ? at? were m mon) ? ?es a? pleased
with un? sent as ih.? leopards The ocelot in
particular, on ohe ??? talon, ?fter inholing th"
perfume, ote the small piece ( oapei ?;; which it
was poured. Bui Ihe liking ?t lavender water
is by no means online I t ? ihe f.-li lae Th.- ? ' i?.??
r.it'ds were delighted with the a enl in l tv ? ?
coon, ?'hen th?? boj lie was presen d ? r. ?? ???? ?,
with gres I si ni ? pu le I ou ? .:? si ipper.
Bui ::iis : 11 ? > heve ?.? d'i?? to curiosity, as it
was al on ?? Ihi wn owa) Ol .??? reoturee. on
the -1 * - 11 >. ell her cored p .lluro; ! >r the
? ? md il li-.iu? ? .?:?.? An otter, In POI llcul if.
gave a snorl of disgust, dived li the wot? ?. and
then ran t" It? mote, to whom II seemed '. ? ?'
?.??? s imp ? --'...us. ; .? ? ?
fully a\. el?? I the ?? rfumea pro ?
? iiiirl fa iili\. that of sigh', was ill ? mi l? the
subject of experiments, to ascertain to what ex?
tent realur? ? in gift ? g ith ? nee ? ' beauty
But these entertaining snd luggestli hap
d ?f . ? ?.esthetics st t he ? ?" ar? ml) fii ?? out
Of the (til tx -ti.ii?? ?? hit a t.i ? a? b ?k, ani which
-t rvei ? phase of ,ir??, of Ina? ?
?. ptlle, fish, bird in ? beasi ? ? be ..?.s-n-.i at the
Zoo, The who!? volume, Indead, ?? rs eptlnnsll:
delightful reading Mi Oornlrh Is 'g keen and iym
? tthetl obsei vei ??. ? i - intani '-?? ? 11 ?? ? ?!
he hai ? ' snd wl
tries t? \ Indi' ?'.?? I .ni?? pr- ?l ved
t .? Istlng the gtorj ? It with ??
argumenta.
Mr Porter's haul?, ? ?? book I ' ' ?? f: ?.
the sp irtsmsn's i" Int of view, ? ? ?otne ? f the
? hlef wl! I bes its, t wit, the ?lei loi ? g? ?
pard ??;..? puma, panther, s II and ??
? .?. beai Thi sut) ? - in experlei ? ? huntei
and gi? ? a well l rendei )? -
?????? llteriill) teem wllh iiuolal m fi? ni inU
?. fi ren -,?..?,? ,?, ?.? f ali il- every ??ne of
Importano? aha ?.*?? ci tt ri nan op
??? ??? pi hand, from ? tuff, ? end ?''..? st te ?
ti I Thi? ? ????.?? t ??, indeed, ? ??
' ".? moat . ?. . r '? G ih? . ? "ni.
t.. ? r . ? d ige? tion ? ? m ik??
?nil.?:?? airi -.,'?? ? .... I ' ? : ri
? 1
u ?.? ;. . : .? mposed of ti
?
ration? are dei .?????
instes nf anrmal ? ti
; 1 \ - . : . ? ? ??
the . mtnonly sccepied
? - ? igs I ?. ? the sn rld beli??v?s 11 t.i.
Ti.?? Iloti i? not mag . is noi ?? it "th?
? -? isitlon of thsl hesst la ?.?? ? on ? ?thing that
?em as dead but ?? in? ? ? trai |t la
a f.|if, f??? d< r. an I ll Is laxy, Kiul'
?elfish snd cruel to b ? Tl??? tig
all ??" : - .?....
that "distinction being reeerv*d f? t it? amaller
hu tifi?? ferocious ? wsln ih?? panthei Manx
? th? - ? - ; ? linns nf opini ?n si.luslly in con?
fllct with populei noti m But since, ix Mi
Porter's own ?bowing, no ta.f gli Ihe hunters
and natuiallst? l?? nuotei gre fui.? agre? ?. Il
would i?? ungrarloui to denj him the righi to
differ from them, sny snd sll One f the most
sttrsetlve portion? ??( the book I? the euthor'i
persons! narrative of hi? experience? snd ob?
iti? ns ..f ? pet puma, wh: h h? reared ft un
? '? klttenh.1 This ?? given si great length
ati'i with maux minute details, snd Is on? >.f ti.??
m ?? Interesting, Instructive snd sympatheti?:
?tories of the kin.? Ir prim Th? - lume Is
beautifully printed ".. tine paper, end ? richly
embellished with pinte? from photograph? h)
Mr. Qsmbler Bolton and Mr. Ottomar ??
sehiits of ut." of 'n h of the wild snlmsli dis?
,??..,,?
DRAMATIC ART.
AN ESSAY AM? A TEXTBOOK.
TECHNIQUE OF THE DRAMA An Expooltlon
of Dramatic Composition and Art. h\ ih.
Ouata ve Praytog. An authorised troftsiotlon,
from the Hintti Cern?an edition, by Btloa .1 lla
Rwan, ? a Lino, pp, HI rblcago: h. c.
drlgg? ? <""
A brief biography prefix'?,] t., tins remarkably
well-printed and attractive book, spprtaea tho
reader that "Quotava Freytag, scholar, poet,
novelist, critic, playwright, editor, soldi, r. sud
publicist, was bom in Krettobufg, Bile skr. In
ISM.*' and thai he Is rtill alive. Th" informa?
tion was. no doubt, ossuti.,] t,, ninn?. person's,
for Freytag, however distinguished In Germany,
Is not much known in America? He is the
outhor 'f pins entitled "The Bridal Journey,"
"Valentine." "Oounl Waldemar," 'The Scholar,"
"The Journalists," and "The Eabll." and of
novela, entitled "Debit and Credit.*1 and "The
Log! Manuscript." He has ais,, written many
historic t.iies lUuetrative of German history, Hf.?.
and character, and a biography "f hla friend
Karl Matby. In IMS h*J published g volume Of
his j?. ems, called "in Breolou." end for many
years he edited, in Leipzig, th?? paper tailed
"pie Greiixboten " He waj < ??? ????. ai ? ?htsa'.
to the Ncu'th-GHrrniiii i'liliani'tit in IWi?.-and lu
1^70 hg '-iiteifd ih?? l'i isslan Army, as a mimbol
of the staff of the Crown Prtaoe, Hi has lived
In teilreni'-nt since 1ST!? ?'Is book "? the
"Technique of ih?? Drama" ?ras published in
1861. and In Germany It has passe | through ???
editions. The present is the first translation pf
It that has been made.
Beginning with the proposition that "tha tech?
nique ? ' ha drama Is nothing ahOOlutg and
unchangeable," Ereytsg hHs written hsif a dosen
essays In tho form of ? systematic treatise, ti
"expostulate'' wliil draina Is and by what
methods It should be Written, Much that he
says is obviously true.?so obviously true that tho
solemn announcement of it roroetrntes .?eems g
little ludicrous,?yet his reasoning is so acuta
and his Illustrations, drawn chiefly from r-opho
cl's. Shakespeare, IsSSlllg. Ooeth? and Schiller, -
at?? so apt, that his book fills th'? reader's mind
with Its Htibjoct, and gtlmUlSbag suoli though: H.i
certainly must Ino-lol 1 .h'ai per?option of prlu
clpleti. A spectator always knows whether the
pie y IntereStO ?* wearies hlin, hut. unless be his
eerlon.ly thought about the matter, h* does noi
know why. The usual reason Is that the play
lo'.-iis that sort of action which Is attended with
consequence. Freytag condense! mu. h philo?.?- ?
ph.\ into s brief ampias when he write? such
truths as in???. :
An adi,.??, in its??:)', is not ilraniTl . l'as-ion it I
feeling, In Itaelf, i- noi dramatic. Sot tha pres?
entation of a passlbn for itself, but "t a pass! m
which leads t?? action, is tii?? buslnesi of dramatic
art: ???; the presentation "f an event, for Itself, ?
tua for us effect on the human soul, is th?? dram?
atist's mission The exposition of passionate emo?
tion, as su. h. is in th?? province .?: the lyric poet;
th?? depicting "f thrilling eventi li ih?? task of the
?pic poet, . . . Man. >n the drama, must ap?
pear under powerful restraint, exiHtement, trans?
formation. . . . Tin action misi always, be
cinp .s.'.i ..f Individual parts which belong :?. th??
sani.? .?ven: ami this mu.it extend from the be
ginnlng t? the end of tii? piece. . . "Mac?
beth," ss far as th?? banquet scene; "Corlnlanus,"
"Othello," "Romen ?nil Juliet," "Julius Caesar."
"Lear," up t.? the hovel scene, snd ."Richard
III" contain the m al powerful drama11 ? elements
that have ever been created by a Teuton.
Preyteg sayi Teuton rather than Baxon,
by wax ..f claiming Shakespeare for Germany, ,
- bul thai is a till?. Th?? ..id s.ixons certainly
came from Germany, ion nobody knows mu< h
sbout Shakespeare's snorstry, or what manner
of man Shakespeare actually was. it l<: en .unii
f..r the purpose ?if th" essayist mi dramatl xrl
to know that he was a master ? f effective
meth..d in . instructing plays that move. The
f,\> ulty was bom in him. and it Is a faculty that
must be born, and cannot l?? acquired. Al least
It nevtr his been. All tin? treatlsei and text?
books in the world will never tnak?? the dramstlc
poet -ih?? creator ..f dramatic works that iix. by
their Inherent iyr??. i>l th?? i". ks are aid-? to
th" student, snd p.'sslbly a studious perusal of
?Uili works as that nf ?freyflg might mal;.? the
Interminab'.e brood "f the-'allow theatrical en
perimeritsllst?, wit., mlstak ? the wish to wilt"
fur th?? faculty, of ?writing, brief??!, clearer, and
h ?as a bore to humad patience, Freytag'? pre?
;?? ?it<? es .-ll.'in. The action musi pre enl
completi unity; It must i?? probable; it must be
Important; .ml it must make tii" pia) Intel?
Unible, by ?honing its meaning in the strong ex
ci ternani of th.? characters, with continuous pro?
gressive in? rease of effect? Tie? drams must
liai.? Introduction, rise, I'.lmax, (all. ?md catas?
trophr. Nothing could be clearer or ?????? self
evldent than tii..s.? old proposition? l-'r ytag's
fellrlt) la th.r he has Illustrated each one nf
them by am; examination of th. r? ?
"? ? underlie ? ? ? ? tatti ment "f principi. , and
b) Illustrations which not nnly inataln th.? truth,
but clarify i' This writer'? analysis ..f Leasing,
Goethe, and Schiller, as, dramatists, ? which
l??? awards the palm : . s hlV.er, i- esp< ?all) In?
teresting The One?! t'a ?????- manifeste?! In
t? '. k .?? the power,?! generalisation Thi I
i- n?t light, ih- mental pi ilvaclou?,
tt?,? exposition Is never brilliant; Lit the ?
iidy, tl;?? matei mis ..' knon ? I ire fli ml)
? . .nil.In.? 1. .,? I often pffectlv? ??
? ? rvatlnn on "the nid ? oli
? ir!??? of man, to per??e'.ve in every living being
.... :'. like Mi.it
f the ? .- lUpp 'Si ? a-? t':,. .?.! dm ititi ;
' .? ??.imp;?? ..ft. ll
' Th?? ?. ina?, Shakespeare are ? ' alwaj ?
1 t> ut- I. Sut in ? ? ? ???. ai- Wl??? and ti u?.
? Til?- I. '. " ii I ? ? :
t ha (? ?: ? ? ?.
REMINISCENCED BY ??? ??G?????
CHAITKHH Kit? ?M ?uMK l'NWIHTTKN ME?
MI ?lits ?? '< ? ?era Rltchl? i\ ? ;
Harpet A Uro t her?
Thei reot weslih of ai lot? theoi
| ? . | ol
oli ih . . u? In ihe ?
t.i-?? Mrs ? ? ? always I ri
. ?) I? oft? n bright? ned bj ? m
oble numoi I ?) mp ith) 1 ?
no ?. book whlcb H out h >i mlshi
? ? ma) odd ?
?
? ... tel literati
The
from ??
' . I..I1 ?? ?,,'. \\. ?? ? the novellai wiHIhk In hla ?
.
:#..., nut ,thi .....
? .... garden Hi? .???.? girlo run In ond oui
' aki ?. t lai ins odi
of celebl
G what one ol m ?re garn?
it lui It i| but ?
Uri i: '
?
? thei ?- ?
". .? . ? .? ?, they
, . Fra
ley." ohe fai
: -, I ' , . .
;
?.?!? 1 tj otto ? I .'??.,!? \? : \
? ? ' ' naid he, end s ?. li dei ? ?>? .?.ere."
' ??. oik? ter? mud?? them?
..m of th? ?? ??'< ?? ic.iutif al to -??? vVhei
???? iik?-?? ? . bange of s. ene and
-ut, ani ihe trio would go wonderingofl
si itnnlbu? or ?? a bi >ugham or In .i nan
muh t?? ..:i non ? ? ? of Ji ti places, th? two III
tic pinafore mold? n? hopplei than their father.
Wherever Thackero) wa? I her? ??:?? seni ?
?md ndrth or.d klndi eas He I ivad ? ? give pli isuro
.m ? solace His daughter m irta ihe truth ol the
stay in?! aescrlhi ng .? Utile pill?os full
? r ?overelgaa ??? ?? poor and pi ..? ? old Freni ha
? itla ?n* siarahod r-?r ih? pillhos heroarf, and
watching nhile papa's hand wi thi
? rtptlon: "Madam? ??. To be ????? occaalon
oily when requir???! sign?i in \\ m ?
Mum interesting people of ths ?
Bit through fh* book The t?.> siculi ?later?
bang aii.mt hi? study door and look with owe .it
the gorgeous D'Orooi as to ?it?, Ailing 11??? bow win?
dow ?> it h radiance, os if he wee? Apollo, .1 vision of
shlnlns ?tu is on uri md booti 1 think mj
fathej h.? I a certain weakness for rlondk - 1 ?
mir author "Magnificent apparition? ueed to dawn
upon n- in the hall sometime?, nl.?t!."is beings on
theli waj to the ?tudy, bu) ?lus one outshone them
oil." (<elsh Hunt woo one of the ? laltoro ".1 bright
eyed, ?niive ?,;? man, witii ions, wov) white hair,
sud a picturesque cloak Hung ovei op.?? ?boulder."
More Intereotlng st'ii in the chlldloh eves was the
tmy creature who came ont day, "s delicate, oet ,0 ?.
little lady, pale with fair, otralghl hair mid itead)
?yea, she may !?? ?1 little uvei thirty; ?he is dress -?
ina l?tt> baregedreog with a pattern of felni green
nioKs. .sii?? enter?" in salttens, In alienee, in serious
nesH our toni? .ir. beating with wild excitement."
It Is th?? author "f ? ?.,?. Byre," ? cric,? Uni.? fan?,
?., faurj iik' indeed, in her ?0 ?jmrtlon? : ha ? aha
0.1 n-In rely r? uh her host"? elbow It was on this
occisi?n tent Thocksvo) ask<si a Dumber of frotado
? 1 in. ?d th,? new writer, ond ail were agog with the
anticipation of hrilllanl talk li waa a dismal fail
ure Th?? rootle genius from Hownrth, cored by the
sight of so many ?tranger?, retired to th?? stu,|v
aad murmured now and then 1 word to th?
neme Th?? ?Hence preserved by 'in? other ;;uosts in '
waiting for the StpOCtOd Mou of Wll .oil wisdom.
grew Into settled gloom; ?md overwhelmed by the
situation, th?? ha hole os host tiptoed from tbe house :
and Hod ?" ilio refuge of the o ui,. Another
porti 'lescrllied In Mi Ritchie h.is quite a
different atmoaphor?, it woo 0 luveall? dance 01 ;
? tuiri.s Dtcteeno's bouao?, ani tie? master ?vas .1
put of tie fun and the leader "i everything. And \
al tin -tel ,?f th? evenuir "the hall WOO crow!??.!
OB?! the Ir.i.i'i siali.-sue Waa lined With ttttH) bSyi
lassos inrt? M utile Doyd WhoSo heaala and logs snd
arms WeM Whs/tUg abolii lOgdthOI They wot o niak? '
'.:ifi a cr, at 11 is??, and tilklni? and shouting, and the
eldest s.oi of ?h<: hoi.?? ?eemed to he mirshalllng
them Preoently their not'" became a cheer, and
then another, ond WO looked up and saw that oar .
own father hid com?? to fi?toh us and 1l1.it hi? white ,
heal ?vHs ibera above tha gibers; then < un?? s third
tinn? ringing cheer, and some one ?real tip to til?n it
was Mr. l?lcken? himself who laimhcd and sain j
'iiilckly. Thal Is Tor you" and niv father looked up
sarprtoed, plea ond. touched, settled his spectacle?,
?G? nodded gravel) tO th? litt!? '.uvs." It lo a
prati) .eri?? oio'i ?11?.ui ?arms to tho Hule l'.n?llsh
hoys with their burs; of pride In their meat Thack
?ray. 1
The stasaatagtoa household, daprivod of us in?
land maitre??? ??.is a sjuser mlature of faotldtooia
ness and bachelor carelsasucso There ?.is beautiful
old ollVSf fOI the mide. I,ut the father and daugh?
ter? drank ihetf ninrnlnir tea from cracked cups and
? uicers of unequal pattern? until an anonymous ? 1 ft
of a sharmlng breakfast service srrived one morning
,?-cinnp m???! ??? ?ami plaaftiani versua it w to not
until years atfldrWgffd lhal Thackeray dlscoc, rod
that the donot ice hl< Initier, a .pieci Character,
who was deesa}] devoted to his saaoteff Snd who w.is
socuotomed to nrrlte to the papara, always stgahtg
b mself "Jenni,-?. de In l'In, he," \'o other pince WOO
ev?r quite so d< at to the novel st as that quint home,
snd his yearning for It during hi? American Journey
jrrew ?o unbearable that he threw up hi? engage
menti and returned long before h?? had expected to |
.h. -.? One of the mmt winning figure? in that ?
early horn?. as show n t.. us by Anne Ritchie, is that
of Thackeray'? mothei -a tall, study iieinit. who
had baes on? of the moni beautiful women of her
time, un.] who preserved In her old age the loveiy
eyes and the queenly e.rtluK?? <>t her youth. "Sh? j
hs ! an odd tsrte In dress, I remember," writes her
granddaughter, "and iisen to walk out In a re?l ?
merino cloak trimme?! with ermine, which Rave her |
the alf of r, retired emprpss xvearlriK out her robe?, j
She was a xxom.iTi of ?troni; fttellng, ?omewhat im- I
p.?ii.?:??, with ? passionate love for little children, j
ami with extraordinary sympathy and enthusiasm
for any one in trouble or in disgrace. How benevo- ?
lently ih? us?.t to :o,?k round thi room a: her many I
; ? ?.?,;, .? ?. Uh ' . G *t ? Iflfl'' ?? - > V .? ?! *C'?.X lldOpi- |
rd her rlewi upon polit ??--, relis: on an-i homoeo: a?n>?, ?
orai B.i ?venta .? rf*l ven ure to contradict tnem. '?
Bat thej certainty cnuM not reach her heights, and ?
lar a,ni.ist rumanti.? passlon-of feeling."
Uli: ?LQ?? FBOLIC.
t'.y Chsrles D, '?. Roberte.
The Morning star wsi bitter bright, the marnine; I
sky ?\.? gray;
And WS hit? ite.I our learn?? and started for the woods
at break Of day.
Oh. the frost is on tlie forest, and the snow pile? ?
hlKht
Al?n? the white and wiivlin?; mal the slcd-tVlls
jangled keen.
Between the buried fence? the billowy drifts be?
t ween.
Oh, merry iwlng the axes, and the bricht chips fix?.
Bo crisp san?; the runners, and so swift th? horsfat
sped,
Thai tlie WOOdl were ?ill about US ere the sky Rrew
red
(?h. the frosl is on the furoxit, an?l the snow piles
high!
The bark hung ragged on the birch, the lichen on
tit?, lir.
Th?? lunfcworl fringed th? maple, th?? gray mo?.? the
juniper
oh. merry swing the at? ?, and the briRht chips fly:
Bo still tie? air and chill the air the branches seemed
? ileep,
But we br ?ke their snclent vision? a? the axe hit
di ep
. Oh. the frost I? on the forest, ani ih" ?now piles
high!
With thi out? of the choppt ? and the harkln? of
their blades,
How fin: th?? ?tnrtled valle) ? end the rnhbit-hatin;
: ed ?lade?!
' ni, na ' : \ mix Ing the axe?, md thi brl?ht chins fly!
? The iato ?rood and th" soft wand, we felled there
f ? our us.-;
An I hlefl) n>r Its scented pum we loved the Scaly
?pruce:
'?it. th. frnst Is on the forest, end the ?now piles
? '
? And here at: 1 there with solemn roar, some hoary
I I.?Ill" ? ".X II.
' Ani we ??? ird the rolling of the yean In the thun
di r nf it- . rown.
? ih, mei r. .- .? Ing the ..\? i, sn l the bright chip? fly!
And ?oon again the winter world w is voiceie-s as of
old,
Alone ??. uh all the wheeling Itars, and the great
x.lilte cold.
Oli. the ft-."t li ..ti the forest, and the snow pile?
fO.t 0,.
?-? ? tv Pi
s? ? ik.. ??..? a not? of aw? ' ?? greei -
Of *??. ? ? ? ?.
?. ?. thoee in J? "? rv ? SI ! '?' ? '? '
M. love, If t hOtl \v ? .1 Is' Wholly filease.
?? ?l ! in -h?.? hai ' b harp of gold.
\' o touch thi ?trtng? ?? ;fh fingers light,
?:? ? ??? with ?treng '. .? !>axil might -
As David mlghi
Uni ?.- noi long In sung? of love
in ""? - of love;
Ko ?ei pi nor ?snton air?
? ? l*ep< r ?oui of music moi ?!
< ml) a ?oli mn me? iure heir??
with rapture 'ha* shall never cesie
Mx spin: '.? the gates of pe 11 ?
? ? it? s ..f peat ?
S ?? ? I xx tien Fru?.. - ?
.
??? theught? m?.m t upward: I in dead
To ever) ?en?* .?: ?. ulgar tilings
\ ? .?'??..:?. ? ? ? ti cad,
VVIl ? rophei ? if th? olden time
???. ?. minstrel ?Tings, th?? men sublime?
i'ti ? m? ? ?ntillme.
THE EOOF TREE,
Robert I It? ; ? In The Pall Mall Casetta,
?
ll?.n.?? no m ??? lumi" t.. me, whither must I wander?
I | ? r,? 1 mu?:.
? the winter wind over hill and heather;
Thti k it..? ti." rain, and my roof i? In (he .iu?t.
?. ?? 1 : alle p ? ? ?? ?? the ?had? of my r???f-tree.
The ? ? ? 'tl "f ??>:.?.?.?? uas spoken lu the
I?
I" ar ??.??- ol old, with tlie faces !n the firelight.
Kind ?? Ik? of old, you com? again no more.
I)
Horn? ? . h ime Ih? n, m) deer, full of kin lly fa????;
II me ?a.?- home tl.en. in> ?le.ir, happy for the
< hll !
Pire and the windows bright glittered on the m ? .r
it I
; . I in (he wild.
,aixn?. on Hi" bio? Ol th? moor
lati I
? and the ehlmnej -? mi
. ?
? ,? ? noxv the frlendi .ire nil departed
? .. ?? ???- ?;:?? tru? hearts, that loved the
I
in.
Si runt ?hall tiling up the meor
f .xx I.
ill trlng the sun an I r.lin. bring the i,ees
all I tl ??- '
Red ?hai th? heather bloom ovei hill and valley,
.?...f. ti nx th.? stream through th.?? rven.ftowlng
hours!
i'nr the la ?? ll shone on mi chtldbood
i. ? -? ne the day on 'he house with open door;
Bird? .?? in?? and cr) there snd twitter In the chini
? ? I
Hi : ? ?.? forever .ml comi again no more.
a rim n ?BBI ? "?
By N.ir.i ??|
.", a woven garland oll >f the sighing sedge,
An ? Hli her Rower? ore enowdrop? grown on the
winter'? edge
Th?? gol h ? loom? Of Tir ns ?' ? ?? WOVO all the win
Her (town of mist and raindrops ?hot with ? cloudy
Kunllghi st,?? indis m one hand, and rain she scat?
ter? nft. ?
And through Ihe rein) twlllghl wo heor her flt'Mi
laughter
ike? d.wii on her flowers the snow leas white
than th-??.
Then quickens with li"r kiss?? the folded 'Knots o'
Mai_ __
ROBERT LOUIS *??G??80?*8 WIFE.
in: WAS PANNI!. VANDBRORIFT Of INDIANAP?
OLIS 111:11 WORK As a WstlTE?
From Th- Chicago Tribun??
Indianapolis. Ind.. Dee II Many of tho older
.?ttir.ens of Indianapolis remember tha girlhood of
Mu Robert l.ouls Stevenson, wife of the dis?
tinguished author who his mst died. Mrs Ste?
venson ?as married to ihe author la Monterey,
l'al Her maiden name wo? Panni? Vandernrift.
?fui sha was ? daughter ol a once prominent ?*t*t
sen of Indianapolis In lesi the V'andergrlft
f.im 11s . consisting Of father, mother, one so;? and
?eventi daughters, lived In Michigan-ali, near Illi?
nois, in this city Mr?. RtOvnnOOS? wus twite n,nr
ii.d. December -?. I85?, she was ooacriod to Saui
11. I Oabourne, al her huno In this Mty, Mrs us.
bourne was a beautiful, hi?h spiriteli edri, bright
and clever H??? husband was .1 dashing, weJlV
bred fellow, ol good family, and 01 the unie tao
match a??? I'opeldered ,1 happy one During his
nee in Indianapolis Doboorne aus a clerk In
the Supreme four) under William Reach, and was
uno priv?te secretor) to Governor WriKlii and
Governoi Willard. Mrs, 1 ?si,our!?,? ?as but ?even
teen year? Of ?ge when s'a? mairie.I her tlrst
huaband The weddlna was 0 brllllani affair.
graced bj the Chief Executive of the state and
other St.it?? officiai?. A yoar or two after the
marriage Mrs Qsboilrne accompanied her hus
???II 1 to California, where she afterward procured
n divorce from him Although the latter was a
bright, congenial fellow, tv? railed to? not along In
Hi?? world, and after their removal to ''alifornin
Mi-e Oabolirne was compelled to earn ? :????? for
heroelf ond children. Finally the couple separated
by mutual agreement.
In |g?l Mm. ("abolirne returned to Indianapolis,
with her ihrer children, und preparen to mou a
trip 10 Kurope, she fiealred to cultivate n, utepf
for an. which she had posseggati from KlrHjood.
She went to the Continent and Iri Taris nude
something of n r?putation as a pulitisi. She re?
mained in Europe throe scats, und during this
timo her youngest child died. Then Osbourne went
over to so?? hiM family, and the difficulties between
himself and wife were temporarily patched up? The
husband promised retoi natation, and Mrs 'isoourne
returned here, going directly to the home of her
paren ta, the] having laturaod to then- farm at
Clayton, Hendrlck? County, Mrs. oabourne re?
maint.I there foi three months, but heard nothing
of her husband. Then, with her children, she ???
? m no.I to California,' where one of her sisters lived
At Monterey she met Uohert l.ouls ?Stevenson.
Aboui this time Mrs. Qobourqo become very sue
? essful 00 0 writer, While in Paris she wrote a
oiies of articles for "St Nicholas." her daughter
Mello, who had Inherited her mother's cleverness.
Illustrating the work, Aitar Mrs Oabourne had
been divorced from lier husband six months, sh?
mairie,1 Mr Stevenson. The ceremony was per?
form, ??! at Monterey. At Ihn time of the marriage
it was said tin? parents ?>?" the Qnolleh author were
greatly opposed to tha match, He was an only
son, and they did no: want him to mnrry. When
the new l?. Iliade huaband was asked about the re
port he simply said: I'll show my wife to my
parents and It will DO all righi." Osbourne dis?
appeared after tbe second marriage of hi? late
wife, and nothing has since been heard of him.
The parents of Mrs Stevenson are poth dead,
Mrs. vnndergrlft passine; away recently. Mer other
brother llvei .11 Riversine, Cal., und her sisters are
located fit Oakland, Monterey, und Nebraska Citv,
Neh Ber eldest sister lives at Danville. Hendrleks
I'OUnty, .-'he is the wife of ? tmiik official of that
city.
It Is probable Mrs Stevenson would liave again
become s permanent resident of her native coun?
try hod the health of hor husband permitted.
LITERARY NOTES.
It I?, we are told, a ?'ommonplace In the hlst,iey
a>f art thot the greatest men pas? through life ?in
appreciated by their contenipor?rle?. If we set to
accept this ?tatement a? true how can we also ac?
cept Mr Richard Holt Hutton'e assertion fiat
Mr. William Watson ha? already taken hi? place
"among the greatest po-ts of this generation, en a
level In qualtty-of course In quantity he haa not
vet had the opportunity?with Matthew Arnold and
Tcnnysop." And here Is Mr Watson proclaiming in
a "pome" addressed to Mr. Richard Holt Mutton:
Al I noi tu,crowned with honor? ran
My days, and not without a I.oast shal'. end!
For t was Shakespeare's countryman; :i
And wert not thou my friend? ?'
Th!? fond appiv>e|,itlon of one another would to
to ?how that the greatest men do not pa?? throuifh
life without their ?lue meed?or?or can It be that
these two lord? of th?? earth are no( as ?rear as
they think they are ln?livl?lually and tak?n to?
gether? As the little boy ?ay? in the ?tory of ' Th?
l.lite Pig," "He would have three thousand fit? If
he had to believe It." '
Mr. .lohn Foster Kirk, 'he historian, who ha? not
mafie many "Oittributions to literature of late, haa
written a study of "Macbeth" for "The Atlantic."
It i? reported that the biography of Richard
Krlnsley .Sheridan on which Mr. Fraser Hag ll
engaged will astonish leaders by the vasi amount
of Interesting and entirely new material on ?? hlch
It Is based. When (he rather azy Moore wrote hie
life of the dramatist, large number? of letter? and .
other documents full of personal and private de?
tails were OTT flagged or deliberately neglected by
him. .Some of these paper? seem (o have been lost
wiiile In his charge, and after being In poaassatgsj
of sn Kngllsh dealer In autographs for ?ome rime,
found their way to this country. These, including
n collection of the love-etters of Mrs Sheridan
(then Mis? I.lnleyi, were ultimately purchased by
Mr. Augustin Daly, who ha? generously forwarded
(hem for examination In (heir beautifully bound
folio volumes to Mr Ran. Itoth Mr. Rae and the
descendant! of Sheridan are fully <oniin"e,| of rh?
gUinlntSMSg of these papers. They happily supply
? ISStng links and explain many allusions otherwt??
Obscurs In .Sheridan's correspondence, al?o unpub?
lished, which ll now In the possession of Pig gre^t
grandson, Lord Dufferln. Another treasure found
by Mr. Rae is a M.S. of part of "The School for
Scarifiai." with numerous Interesting corre.itlaag
and Improvements in Sheridan's handwriting.
The author of "Ideala" and "The Heavenly
Tixina" I? seriously lit?as ill that her doctor? say
thai nothing but complete rest ami change Will do
her good. She has been onlered to give up all
uork and to .ravel; and it Is possible that ?he may
turn In tills ?lirectlon.
In a brilliant and nowrful article in "The Sit?
urday Review," an a'-cornplished Knglish crirl" re?
sent? the fashion in which Mr. Frederic Harrison
ranks "Vanity Fair" with other less remarkable
Knglish novels. "We believe," ?ays this critic.
"and we are glad of the opportunity of saying It,
that Tha.-k'-ray's 'Vanity Fair' I? far and away
th? greatest prose xxork in English literature a
work that stands with the 'Othello' and the Mac
beth' among the greatest productions o' the
human intellect; a work that has only one superior
In all literature, and that Is the greatest hook e ?r
xx.-itten. the 'Don (julxote.' " Klaewhere this ci.ta*
says: "Th" morali?( nitSt not judge the artist, but
If he is to be heard against him let us see to It
that his witness is true. The gradual degradation
of f'.ceky Sharp seems to u? as awful a ptirlsh
ment, and certainly conveys as dire, t a moral, as
the punishment of David."
Mr Andrei?. I.ang re.-elved from R. 1. Stevenson,
? W"ek before the novelist's death, a letter In
which the latter showed for the ?rst time a certain
anxiety about himself Hs said that he was ha un'ed
by a dread of paralysis, of a lingering metral
malady, of living on. no longer himself, like Swift.
This most unhappi fate for a man of genlu?. It Is
good to know that Btovensoa iscspsd
Mr. I.ang notes that his friend took a boyish and
?Subornai delight In the wcnes of th" new Kdln
i.urgh edition of his works. He wa? bu?y with
many plan? for new books. On? of thete ????
. erne I a rassaSMN on (lie unknown, myaterlou?
>?ar? of Prln.-e i'harle? IMward. for which, only s
month ago. MS. materials ?ere sent out t<-. him. .'.
Mr R G Johnson i? preparing for The Cen?
tury'* ?? serie? of ??.? ra ; lu as,-s Tt'om the verse of ?
the Servian t>oet. Zmal losan Invar?, ih. He ??
assisted by Nikola Tesla. the ele.-trh iat . who 'ur
nlsbag the literal translations from his mother?
? Migue
There are some amusing anecdotes of II t ?r
Pater In the "Portrait" whi. h Mr. liesse has ?Tlt
t ?-ti for th? last '< oiiternpotari." though sr?nic;.n
BSgSS in the e.-su\ ar?? cal? ulate.l to give one p*..?-.
For example Mr Oossi ?? talking ahon switi
i. hi..?, an.] he say?: "To all young Oxford, then,
the name of Mr. Swinburne ?as an enchantment,
und there used to be envious traditions of an up
?it sraattaa In Brassaose Lane thrown open to the
summer night, and. welling forth from it. a muslo
of vers.?, ?hi. h ?lrst WH sing and then silenced the
nightingales, pn.t r.i.-t ing it? IlSIISWIllSS until It dll
rgacirtsd th?-? lark himself at ?unr?S>." After this
(ugbfilutlu ir is comforting to read that "I tiret
-??< syss <>n Pater . , as he and lir Swlnburna
were dlsmountlaa from ? hansoms ? ab." It i? a
great pity that Mr. r...s?" .an so rarely ?a> *ny
thlng In plain tirm pros??. When he does. In the
present essay, he is .?ulte Interesting Son-,? of his
personal noies are worth reading, witness th.?' on
Patera Indifference to his contemperarle?. The OB?
ford man never mad St.-x-nson or Kipling "I
feel, from what I hear about them," he ?aid, ' that
they are strong: they might lead m? '"it o.' my
path. I want to go on writing In my own ? ay,
good or bad I ??hotild be afraid to read Kip! g,
lest he should . ome batsmen me r.nd my nag?
next time I ?at down to write" Pater'? "c?n
way" 1? di fileni t enough for some of ins rea 1er? to
grasp. It wa? much moie ?liflVult for hlni. "I
recollect.' ?ays Mr. ?'?osse, "th" writing of ths
opening chapier? of 'Marlus.' and (h?? sti<s* that
attaadai it?the intolerable languor and fatigue, (he
fevers and the colti tits, the gray nour? of lasitud?
and Insomnia, the toll a? at a deep petroleum well
when the oil refuses to flow. With practice thi?
tertille effort grew loss A year ago '. was remind?
Ing him of those old lime? of ?(orm f?nd ?ire???.
and he replied, 'Ah! It is much easier now G I
live long enough, no doubt I ?hall learn gatta tl
like writing.' " _
There I? a funny little personal anecdote t?Md
of a young writer in London which come? apropos
Of the ?omnionolace air with which he and his
llkca are enveloped, no matter how precious tn?y
be their preciosity. Some one. was asking about a
member of Uie Pater ut'.lwat.r school, ani ??.??
derlttg "what a sort of a chap" he was. "Well.
I'll tell you," repite.', the person Interrogate.?) "t
met hint once ?t a reception, and my IniplSSlttW tl
that If you were to range a dozen well ?e: '?p
voting fellows In S row, all In evening grass ?nd_
all looking very sieek-mid were to SBaMSt At\T
on.? ?.?f tinn?, It would lie our friend X."
Mr Unwell? continuas to feel an ardent admira?
tion for the writings of Mr. Jame?. He s.i>s In
Tlie I.axlies' Home Journal" "I came to a
Knowledge of Mr. Henry .lames'? wonderful ?.?rk
innnsHp In the first manuscript of hi? that pas?ed
through my hands a? a ?uli-editor. I feH In love
with it Instantly, and 1 have never c<?u?ed to delight
In that exquisite? artistry I have read ail thit hs
he? xvi It ton, ?u.l 1 hav? never read an> thing of
bis without, ail. ecstatic pleasure In hi? unrivalled
touch. In literary handling no one who has
written Action In otic language can approach him.
nn?l his work ha? shown an ever-deepening Insight.
I have my reserve? In regard to certain thing? of
hi?; If hard preaee?! 1 might even undertake to
better him here and there, but after I had done
that I doubt If I should like him ?o well. In f??t.
I prefer to let him alone, to take him for what h?
Is In himself, and to be grateful for every n?w
thing that come? from his pen. I will not try to
?ay why hi? work? take me ?o much; that l? no
part of my buslne?? in these paper?, snd I csn
understand why other people are not taken at ill
with him, for no reason (hat they can give, either.
At the ?am? time. I hav! no patience with them,
and hot small regard for their (aste."
In writing of Tourgnenlef's meihort Mr. Howell?
again nay? this compi.ment to the English novel?
ist?: He ?ava that the Russian's Action ta "to the
last degree dramatic. Tho person? are ?pareiy de?
scribed and briefly accounted for. ?nd then they
are left to iiausii.t their affair, whatever It I?,
with the least possible comment or explanation
from th?; author. The effect flows naturally from
(heir character?, and when they have done or ?aid
a thing you conjecture why a? unerringly ??
you would If they were people whom yon knew
otitnlde of a book. I had already conceive?! the
possibility of thi* from HJ?roson. ??ho pract ?f?
(he same qifthoili. but J waa ?till .<? sunken
in the groes darkuesa of English H.-tion to rise to
a full consciousness of its excellence. J\Tu?n ?
rememhereal the deliberate and Impertinent moral?
ising- of Thackeray, the clumsy exegesis of ?leorge
BHot, the knowing nods and wink?? of iTiarle?
Read?, the stage-carpentering and llme-llghtlng or
nicken?, even the tine *nd important analysis or
Hawthorn?. It wa? wi?h a Joyful astonishment,
that I realised thi grist art of TtmrgultUsfc"