New-York tribune. [volume], May 26, 1902, Page 6, Image 6

About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
ft
•'Xmuifmrnla.
(ACADEMY OF Ml'FlC— *— Quo Va<Jl«.
AMF3IICAN' THEATRE— f:IS— City r,f N>«--Yorli
BIJOl"— A M'wi»-m MajrcSalen.
BROADWAY THEATnE— »*— Th» Sleeplnr Beauty and the
Heaxt.
CRrrERION THBATRB - -Pu narry.
DALY'S THEATRE— »>:IS — Klnn Do*
EDEN' Mt'SEß— Pay and Kvrnlnc— World In -Wax.
KMriRE THEATIiB- •«:?«— The Importance of Being
HERAI^SOTARFJ THBATRrj-S^.-V— Polly Varfen.
■BUUi BOTAKB THI2ATRB— ••IS--r»""V Varton.
KEITH"." — 12:30 to — T'ontlnuoua P»-rf".rmain ".
KXICKERnOf-TvER THBATRK— B:IS— The Wild Row.
iMANHATTAX Tll^ vTRI --• DSvorcons ani I-Ut:e
ltalr.
MURRAY HIIJ. THEATRE— 2— R— Dr. HIM.
NEW BAVOV THEATRE B :!.'•— Eoldl»m Ot Fcrtur.e.
JCBtV-TORK TIII3ATni»-»»— Hall f.f Tamp.
OL.YMI'IA riBLI)- mil's V.ili West.
PASTOR'S — Contlnunun IVrformanre.
I'ARADISR OAHDEXS— -h— VauaVvill*.
XT. HOUAS_«-r.luir>r>u»-iiv<r — Band Carnivals.
WALI-ACK'S THCATRE— ■:!*— The Sham Girl
3n6er to
<•*"• Par«.Ool. I p««e.Col.
/.riTus»m»nt» 12 r.-« Instruction h 5
s*>tlcn Sal»s Fir.an i l»»t and Found 11 4
rial 10 r. Man-Uses &• Deaths.. 7 5
Bankers* Brokers. 10 « Ml«cell«n<*ou« 12 «-6
Board and R00m5. ..11 4' Notice to Creditors... 8 3
C!tr Property for Ocean Steamer* 11 1-2
Sal* . 11 1 Official I>>e:«l Notice. ll '/
Country Property to ' Proposal* 8 2
to tjrt. 11 1 Public Kales 8 3
Country Prot>*rty for ! Railroad* 8 5-4
i Sa!« or t-> I/rt....1l 11 School \m*nr\** 8 3
Dividend SotlPMi ...10 « Sp^rliil Notices 7 6
Domestic Situations Steamboats 8 2
Wanted 11 7: S*prlnir R**ort«i 8 3
i D saafclnr 11 4|Sarrojc«te*» Notice*.. .11 23
Excursion* 8 » Summer Resort* . « 3-3
rinanrlni Election*. .10 «': Kurr.mer nesort Guides » 6
ForeeJowre fa)**. .11 3 'Teacher* * 5
Furnlshe* Hnuwii in ■ Th» Turf 12 I
I>et, Country . . 11 l; Tribune PubwTiijtlon
H*ld Wialfd 11 S ; Rate* 7 6
Ini<uf%tir» state- Truirt Companies . .10 *
merits . I*> ft WnrV Wanted 11 «
3Te^orklJ«ttlij Sntaiu.
MONDAY. MAY 2*. WO2.
THE XEWS THIB itORMXO.
FdREIGN*.— President Loubet or' France on
Ms return voyage from St. Petersburg landed at
t Copenhagen and was welcomed by King: Chris
i tian: the King and President dined at Amallen
borg Castle and afterward drove through the
streets of Copenhagen, the President re-embark
ing and continuing his voyage. ===== A defence
of the conduct of General Sir Charles Warren
; a*. Spion Kop has been published In England.
■-, .. The speecnes of Premier Sea-ion of New-
Zealand in South Africa, advocating a differ
h ■ emlal tariff for the colonies, are attracting much
t , attention in England. = The Pope received
F I la audience Cardinal Martinelli. who described
1 i the condition of the Catholic Church in America.
|- ===== The rebellion In Pe-Chl-L4 Prc\ ince, China.
! I Is ended; the offer of a German firm for a
■ 1 monopoly of the opium traffic In China has been
; 1 rejected. — Conditions In Martinique are un-
I ' changed and the people of Fort de France are
: somewhat quieter. = An attempt has been
made to assassinate Prince Oholensky. Governor
,' Of Kharkoft. Russia. ===== General Chaffee, the
•> , Mviet/ing authority, has disapproved in part
. I Ike findings of the court martial in the cases of
; I Major" Waller and Lieutenant Day, tried for ex-
E etutlng: natives of Samar without trial. :— V i At
; ' Naples a thi«f threw stones at a train on which
■ were the King and Queen of Italy; no harm was
> done. and the assailant was arrested. ==
; Great secrecy is maintained regarding the pro
fc ceedings of the Inquiry on the Chicago at Naples
! Into the Venice affair == Argentine and
! Chilian securities were favorably affected by the
; ' conclusion of the peace agreement between the
; two countries.
DOMESTIC— The members of the French mis-
I ■ Bion who took part in the unveiling of the Ro
"r chambeau statue left Washington for Niagara
; Falls. — _=rr- No orders directing Lieutenant
, Commander Potts to supersede Commander
- Beehler have been made public. = The De
partment of Justice will defend General Brooke
'in the lit for **J.Vmnk» brought against him by
\ .the Countess of Buena Vista. = The Arthur
I Setts and the Frank A. Palmer, large coastwise
veP!K»!s. cent ashore on Vasque Shoal, off the
I Jln^a^husetts coast, and may go to pieces. " •
Mine owners in the anthracite region are In
trenching th<-ir property, in anticipation of at
h tacks by strikers. — - The Rev. Dr. Shackel-
V ford died in Saratoga.
i . CITY.— A movement to dislodge Louis F. Haf
! ?€r< from the Tammany leadership of the
H XXXVth District, and thus make him ineligible
for the Wigwam triumvirate, was announced
; ' by Senator Joseph P. Hennessy. = Th»" body
J'.'of Kathleen Flanagan, who had been missing
■'■since May 17. was found in the North River.
|» == It was announced that the Civic Federa
" 4 tJ' r. in another effort to settle the coal strike
I ' by arbitration, would call a meeting of its
'.' executive committee. = Plans for the re
• ception of the Rochambeau delegates by the
t - city were announced. = Complaints against
I-. the present city administration were made at
! th» meeting of the Central Federated Union.
% =r^= George McAneny has decided to give up
i " the secretaryship of the Municipal Civil Service
■'. Commission. = The Rev. Dr. Henry A.
R ' Drann. rector of St. Agnes's Roman Catholic
i ■' Church. celebrated the fortieth anniversary of
'■ > his ordination.
THE WEATHER.— Forecast for to-day: Clear-
I Ing In the morning. The temperature yesterday:
I : Highest. 82 degrees; lowest. <!♦>; average, 74.
The Tribune wilt be zent by mail to any
addtess in this country or abroad, and
address changed as often as desired. Sub
scriptions may be given to your regular
dealer before leaving, or, if more conven
tent, hand them in at The Tribune office.
See opposite page for subscription rates.
-~^-. SCHOOL EXASIIXATIOXB.
. With the waning of the academic year the
much discussed question of examinations comes
again to the fore. It is earnestly debated on
both sides, from the primary school to the uni
versity, and there is doubtless something to be
said on each fide. To what extent shall pupils
be required to pass at the end of the year a
final review examination in all the studies of
the year? To what extent shall their promotion
or graduation be conditioned upon their success
In passing such an examination? There are
those on the one hand who insist that the
teacher should sufficiently satisfy himself con
cerning the pupil's proficiency day by day. as he
goes along, so that no final examination will be
necessary, and that the pupil's standing should
be graded In the same way. On the other hand,
It is urged that the true test of proficiency Is
only to be had in ascertaining how well the
pupil remember*" and can apply what he learned
month!* back. These sre matter* chiefly for the
consideration of scientific pedagogues— which
should mean, and in the majority of case*
does mean, persons of discretion and sound
common sense, who will doubtless conclude tl*flt
wisdom dwell* not at either extreme.
The feature* of the case which most legiti
mately concerns tliojse outsld*> the teaching to
tfenloa i« the effect of examination* upon the
health of children. This I* a consideration of
"supreme Importance. since it Is axiomatic that
educational processes should not 1*» pushed to
the detriment of mental or physical health. . A
paper rend before- one of the 'medical societies
of the State by Dr. I). H. Wilcox. of Buffalo,
contains the statement that the existing system
of Regents' examinations In the schools of New-
York seriously Injure* and in some cases per
manently Impairs the health of many children,
a statement which has elicited some supporting
Comment from the medical press. The opinion
ha* been added by some that the impersonal
j^haracier of these examinations makes them
xnfire trying to the scholars than they would be
-if they were prescribed and conducted through
out by th*» teachers, with whom the scholars
are familiar. In this contention there is prob
«Mv a suggestion worthy of thought, though it
does not appear to demand a revolutionizing of
the educational system of. the State.
It in quite possible that the examinations In
question have an unfortunate effect upon some
children, especially very nervous ones. But so.
it scorns to us, would examinations conducted
exclusively by the teachers. In case of I
teacher who bad In any way Incurred the ill
.will or fear or other disaffection of his scholars.
ftliV effect would probably be much worse than
; that of the impersonal- Regents' cxamina
thai of the imi*Thoual Ki-gents* examina-
tions. The fact of the Impersonality, and there
fore absolute Impartiality, of the latter should
really have a reassuring rather than an alarm
ing effect. It would not be difficult to find ex
amples of nervous distress caused by the 03d
fashioned oral examinations, and even by atdi
nary recitations. Bin all such cases see, we be*
Here, .exceptional. The great majority of pupils
get through their examinations Without either
mental or physical Injury. And, of course, rules
must be made and systems established for t lie
majority, not for the few exceptions. The lat
ter an? subjects for individual care, primarily
on tin- -part of the parents and then on the part
of physicians, with both of whom the teacher
will, of course, co-operate as far as possible.
But it <vrtalnly does not seem practicable to
revolutionize the educational system of Hie
State so us to suit exactly each individual case
and to fulfil In every ease the functions of parent
and physician as -well as those of teacher.
"FIGHT ISO FOR SOVEREIGNTY."
"You are fighting for sovereignty." says Sen
ator Hoar. That is the keynote of his arraign
ment of his government, the gravamen of his
indictment of his Country. "You are fighting
for sovereignty." The sentence has a fine,
rhetorical tone. It Us as filling to the mouth
and may be «s satiftfylng to the mind as "that
blessed word Mesopotamia." Yet it is scarcely
a charge before which the American people will
tremble and turn pale. Rather will they he In
clined to thank the venerable Massachusetts
Senator for teaching them that word. It serves
them as an apt reminder that in more than one
or two wars hitherto, of which the memory is
proud and just, they or their ancestors were
likewise "fighting for sovereignty." It serves
them. too. as a potent and convincing assurance
of the justice and righteousness of the work In
which they are now engaged in the Philippines.
They are not fighting for conquest, or for the
imposition of tyranny, or for the lust of gold.
They are "fighting for sovereignty."
Does any one ask what that means' The Sen
ator himself, with nil the grace and fervor of
his studied rhetoric, makes full reply. "We
have answered this question," be says of some
thing else, but It may h« well be said of this.
"a good many times in the past." Then he puts
upon the lips of the generation of the Puritan
and Pilgrim and Huguenot these words: "I
"brought the torch of freedom across the sea.
!"I cleared the forest. / suhfitirri the scrape and
•the •wild beast. I laid in Christian liberty and
"law the foundation of empire." What was
It but lighting for sovereignty? The great co
lonial generation, according to Senator Hoar,
says: "I helped humble the power of France.
"I saw the lilies go down at Loutsbonrg and
"Quebec. I carried the cross of St. George In
"triumph In Martinique and the Havana."
Fighting for sovereignty, all the time. Then
the Revolutionary generation: "I encountered
"the power of England. I declared and won
"the Independence of my country." Fighting
for sovereignty again. The next: "I vindicated
"the right of an American ship to sail the seas
"the wide world over without molestation."
Fighting for sovereignty, the sovereignty of our
flag on the high sens. And the next generation:
"I saved the Union. I put down the Rebellion."
Fighting for sovereignty, the sovereignty of the
nation, even for sovereignty over millions with
out their consent!
Yes. we are fighting for sovereignty: for the
only legitimate sovereignty the Philippines can
for the present know. We are fighting for suc
cession to the only real sovereignty they have
known for centuries. For three hundred years
before Dewey went to Manila there had been no
question as to the sovereignty of those islands.
Neither by alien foe nor by domestic insurgent
had the legitimacy of Spanish rule been seri
ously challenged. Without onr wish, in the un
sought exigency of war. we were compel led to
strike down and to expel that Spanish sov
ereignty. In the name of Justice and reason and
decency «nd common sense, what was there
then for us to do but set up another and a bet
ter sovereienty in the place of the one we had
destroyed? It would have been an infamous
thing to destroy the only sovereignty the Islands
had and then abandon them to the anarchy of
murderous Malays or to the spoliation of what
ever alien powers might covet them. There is
an ancient parable of a man from whose mind
an evil spirit was cast, but who failed to fill
the vacancy with a good spirit; so presently the
evil one returned with others more evil than
himself nnd entered In: and the last state of
that man was worse than the first. What end
less reproach would the I'nlted States have in
curred had It dealt thus with the Philippines!
We are indeed "fighting for sovereignty" in
the Philippines, as we fought for sovereignty In
1620. and in 1744, and in 177rt. and In 1812, and
In 1*4(! and In 1§(I1. We are fighting for a sov
ereignty every whit as legitimate as any for
which we fought at any of those times to which
Senator Hoar so proudly refers. We are tight
ing for a sovereignty sanctioned and demanded
by International law and by the highest elvle
morals. We are fighting for a sovereignty
which means peace, order, civilization und a
vastly greater measure of freedom than those
islands have ever known. We are fighting for
a sovereignty which is nowhere despotic or
eordid. but Is everywhere generous and beuefl
cent. The anarchist and the bandit may regard
fovereignty with aversion. Men who believe in
law and order and justice believe in sovereignty
a* an ordinance for the welfare and the prog
ress of the race, and they do not and will not
shrink from the rpcorrt that they are "fighting
for sovereignty."
arnsTiTVTr.fi for axthracitf.
Were the representatives of the Texas oil
fields in a position to take advantage of the
opportunity now offered by the anthracite coal
miners' strike they might benefit both the Lone
St.ir State and the northeastern part of the
country simultaneously. The Introduction of
an oil burner is not at all a costly proceeding.
It can be added to an ordinary furnace without
NsawVKag the old grate. Already It has been
demonstrated, not only In Texas but also In this
city, thivt the product of the Reauniont wells Is
nn :,.lmlr:il>!.' fuel. It Is flt lenst the equal of
the Lima oil which was used under the steam
boilers of the Chicago Exposition In 18K1. Inex
pensive as is the necessary apparatus for using
liquid fuel, people might hesitate t<> procure It
as a temporary resource. Tf their steam plants
were thus equipped once, though, the addition
would stand a good chance of being retained.
OH requires far less labor thai coal, and it
leaves no ashes to be removed. It Strongly
<onimend< Itself to favor where a permanent
supply Is assured and where the price is sntti
cieutly low. Let Texas guarantee these two
Conditions and wage an active canvass in the
big cities of this part of the country before
another big coal strike occurs, and she will
secure a footing from which she is not likely to
be dislodged.
The most nutuml substitute fur hard coal ;it
present Is soft coal, which is by no means a
•y In the East. Bituminous coal Is objec
tionable on account of Its smoke, but within
the last ten or fifteen years a number of ways
;.n\'- been found for overcoming this evil. No
end of special furnaces nnd smoke consuming
devices have 1..-cii invented and officially te«*te,l
by municipal boards in this country and Kurope.
Some of these nre fairly etu< i> nt. but the nuijor
ity nre more costly Than an "il burner. It is
doubtful, however, wb««»"»r auvthing more thau
NEW- YORK DAILY TRIBUNE. MONDAY. MAY 26. 1902.
curt-fill stoking is necessary to in;ike soft coal
prnctically smokeless. If a nrp is fed a little
■lore frequently than usual, bat with corr*--
BpoDdtngljr snuillor amounts, and if the cold fuel
is woll distributed over Hie bed <>f Hvf» c ( .nls.
surprising results are often secured. Occasion
ally it is found advantageous to leave the fur
nhee door ajar for a moment aft»»r stoking.
The** precautions Impose a greater tax on the
fireman, but in many Instances they havt- al
most completely »uppree«ed the smoke and soot.
The methods here suggested have boon tried
both on locomotives and in stationary plants re
peated!]' and with almost invariable More—.
They usually reduce the coal Mils, too, because
the Improved combustion indicated by a lack of
smoke moans a reduced consumption. If soft
coal is necessary at all, then, there is a double
advantage in burning it properly.
ADAM AXD EYOUTIOX.
Profeasor Henry Goodwin Smith, of the I-mie
Tlieologi.-nl Seminary, of Cincinnati, a Presby
terian Institution, recently contributed an article
to "The Evangettst" on Adam and evolution, in
which he declared that the traditional view «>f
Adnm and the Creation is no longer tenable.
First, us to the antiquity of man. until recently
Christians generally accepted the so-called
issher chronology, which places the Creation
4.004 yejirs before Christ. Professor Hodge de
clared it "utterly incredible" to hold that man
baa existed hundreds of thousands of years, nnd
Professor Shedd gave man an antiquity of only
six thousand or eight thousand years. I>r. A. A.
Hodge showed the influence of science by ad
mitting that man might have existed for six
teen thousand years, aud opened the door to
further speculation on the subject by declaring
that "God never said He created Adam six
thousand years ago."
Professor Smith believes that if Genesis
is to be takes as a divinely inspired history
this last statement is not true. For that book
states specifically the number of years from
Adam to Noah and from Shem to Abraham.
■ The generations." he says, "are thus links in a
"Chain. While the figures in the Samaritan and
"Septuagint texts differ considerably, It is an
•evasion to say that these variations in the
"texts show that Genesis teaches no chronology.
•On the contrary, there is a definite chronology
"in every text of Genesis, and in every text
'the interval between Adam aud Abraham is
■ less than thirty-five hundred years. Egyptian
"and Babylonian history now goes back of the.
"Genesis date of the flood, according to every
"texl of Genesis. The Inerrancy of all the Gen
"esis texts must therefore be surrendered, or
"there can be no reconciliation with the facts
"now known through both archaeology and
"geology concerning the antiquity of the human
"race." Professor Smith regards the physical
connection of man and the anthropoid apes as
proved, and if tliflt fact is established the be
lief in a special creation of man becomes un
tenable. The examination of child Intelligence
and that of the animal world discloses n funda
mental unity in their mental processes that
points to a common origin. As to sin being the
canae of death, it is a mere theological hypothe
sis, which is opposed by the teaching of pnleon
totogy.
Professor Smith does not believe thnt the Cre
ation story of <Jenesi« is historical, but BTin
botlcal <>r allegorical. It benr-i a close resem
blance to the Babylonian legends of the
Creation, which nre plainly not historical
Kvolution teaches that man has risen by slow
progression from the animal nnd the sensual
upward to the spiritual, find Ilie Creation story
may be fairly Interpreted in harmony with that
theory. The word "fall" is not used In the
Bible, and the theological doctrine of a formal
covenant between God and Adam disappear*
with the literal historical nature of the nrst
chapters of Genesis.
In regard to this ris well .-is other doctrines,
Professor Smith believes that "the view of a
"'prolonged antiquity and of a gradual mental
"and spiritual progression will modify or d'»
"away with tlie conception of a primitive revels
"tion. The old Testament reveals n progresahre
"manifestation of God. Paul. In Romans,
"teachea a constant rather thnn n primitive
"revi'lation \ 'revision' to day that
"ignores or rejects the generally accepted views
"of modern knowledge, nnd retains the petty
"and incorrect conceptions of a past age. will
"not satisfy the Intelligence <>r conscience of the
•Presbyterian ( hun li."
MONEY IV/) BUBIKEBB.
When due weight is given to th»» unpromising
aspect of the labor situation, It is impossible to
explain the strong undertone of the stock mar
ket. During the two preceding weeks more or
less decline occurred, but seldom severe, ex
cept where special properties had been ab
surdly Inflated by manipulation. Meanwhile,
there was always in evidence a remarkable
recuperative power, which brought prices back
before any extensive liquidation had taken
place. Going back for over a year, the ef
fect of this potent force may be seen, rallying
prices quickly whenever a setback was encoun
tered, and many such depressing events were
crowded into' those twelve months. If this Is the
natural result of a national progress too strong
to be checked by the loss of any man or crop
or other single factor, then there Is no reason
for alarm. How far the changed economic con
ditions are responsible cannot, of course, be
even approximately stated, but the permanence
of high quotations must be based on this and
not on artificial support, even of the strongest
financial interests. It is the uncertainty on this
point that has caused the Investing as well as
the speculative public to limit operations.
Local banks have greatly strengthened their
position In the last two Weeks. This is the result
of concluding a number of important deals that
called for the use of much money, and was
facilitated by the transfer of funds from other
cities where the rate of exchange on New-York
has been at a considerable premium. Chicago
exchange reaching as high as <">0 cents during
the week. Instead of the customary absorption
by the Sub-Treasury there were large disburse
ments by the government for pensions, which
neutralized the effect of heavy customs and in
ternal revenue collections. A small shipment to
New-Orleans was the only drain on cash re
serves, the anticipated gold exports failing to
materialize. This was tu>tnewhnt puzzling, in
view of the steadily declining rates for money,
call loans at one time being negotiable for li per
cent. There was no pressure for exchange,
however, and instead of rising to the gold ex
porting point there appeared decided ease for
sterling. The merchandise movement was un
usually favorable for this country, increasing
the supply of bills. Foreign banks improved
their position also, notes and discounts being
heavily reduced by the Bank of France, while
the proportion of reserve to liability was in
creased by the Bank of England.
Domestic trade proceeds at an unprecedented
pace, all staple lines of merchandise going freely
Into consumption. There Is still pome lagging in
retail distribution, due to unseasonable weather
In a fow sections, but there Is no diminution of
Confidence, Jobbers receiving- liberal orders and
wholesalers enjoying a brisk business. Shipping
departments at many cities are working over
time, and reports of preparations at the West
grow more satisfactory with the progress of the
| crops. If expectations are realized It will be
| much the busiest season In the history of the
| country west of the Mississippi River. stern
trade does not yet show loss through the coal
strike, and may not for some weeks, owing to
the large earnings accumulated by the miners,
I but any protracted struggle will hurt business
m Pennsylvania to a serious extent. Bank ex
chaiges are still enormous, exceeding all pre
vi'->u? years except the last, when stock market
opentions were on a much heavier si ale, and at
nearly sll cities unaffected by speculative influ
ences clearings surpass even last year's figures.
These solvent payments, together with heavy
railway earnings, indicate unmistakably the
activity of legitimate trade.
Manufacturing returns ore less uniformly
gratifying, owing to the unsettled labor aitu-
Htlon. The pending anthracite coal contest will
close many mills and furnaces if long continued,
and there is every Indication of a stubborn right
In the woollen mills work Is increasing steadily,
although the strik" has not been formally de
clared at an end. Raw material is ( onsecjuently
in hetter demand, sales nt the three leading
Kastern markets showing a distinct gain, but
prices are only steady. Cotton mills are well
occupied, although the goods market is com
paratively quiet, and raw cotton cosaasaads
high prices, despite smaller exports and encour
aging reports regarding the outlook for the next
crop. Last year's exceptional activity at the
shoe shops must have provided larger supplies
than were realized at the time, for there is now
much idleness, yet buyers are able to hold back
for better terms, which have already been
granted in a few cases. In view of the steadily
rising price of hides it seems unreasonable to
expect cheaper finished products, yet leather is
not rising extensively, although many grades
are In light supply. Iron and steel plants are
still without a visible drawback, orders heini?
booked so far ahead that activity is assured well
into next year, unless the wage earners under
take a controversy.
Hesitation is natural at this season In the
markets for grain and other leading products of
the soil. Everything depends on the weather
during the next few months, and speculators
prefer to limit their commitments until some
thing definite Is known. Owing to the generally
high level of prices cash buyers are also desir
ous of delaying purchases as long as possible,
since average weather during the remainder of
the season would assure large crops and prob
ably reduce quotations, owing to light supplies
at all points, however, it will not be difficult to
sustain prices at a high position up to the time
that the new yield begins to come forward.
Although corn is practically held at a prohibi
tive point, so far as foreign consumers are con
cerned, it appears to be warranted by the domes
tic demand, and pork products, fattened on this
expensive food, recede but little from their
abnormally high quotations. Many small dealers
have been compelled to suspend operations on
account of the decreased business, but the bulk
of the consumers In this country have enjoyed
such unexampled prosperity In recent years that
they appear able to continue buying, even at the
high figures, it Is still worthy of note that the
two leading Imported food products, sugar and
coffee, remain dose to the lowest prices on rec
ord, the statistical position militating against
any recovery.
'Throw him to the lions'" was the old cry In
pngan Rome. "Throw him to the tiger!" was
the cruel shout In modern Fourteenth Street.
And Nixon was thrown.
To win political enfranchisement through a
universal labor strike, an the Swedes have Just
done, gives n point to other budding popula
tions in other kingdoms and empires, from
which they nre not In the least unlikely to take
an example, thus Introducing a new expedient
and a f-w force Into politics of an y-t unde
termined bui manifestly abundant horsepower.
A 1 ridg* of sUhs and sorrows, the only bri Ige
over the Eaat River now in use. The troubles
and grlefn grow worse dally. What lasting re
lief <-an there be except In tunnels?
The Municipal Art Society Intends to give the
city both an "electrolier" and an isle of safety.
Many thanks for this kindness, nut will the so
ciety generously add to Its bounty by distribut
ing a definition of that somewhat novel and per
plexing term "electrolier"? Why not favor us
with some plain, terse Anglo-Saxon word for It?
THt: TMK OF THE I>\Y.
"Th* Barbados Agricultural Reporter" ha? *fnt
to this ugh. 8 a specimen of th*» volcanic dust which
fell on thai Island on May 7, I nnd 9. "Borne from
St. Vincent," it pays, "in the upper strata of the
air nnd there suspended, this stuff obscured the
(■tiniigM nnd produced the phenomenon of ii.irk
ness. In i "lor and consistency it resembles Port
land cement " It Quotes the following description
of tbe dust by W. G. Kreeman, of the local De
partment of Agriculture:
"From the calculated results of a s»-ri. .-* of ob
servation* made in Btrathclyde on the fail of vol
canic 'ash.' if would soom thnt. at a low estimate,
about thirteen ounces fell per square foot between
the hours of 5 v- m. on Wednesday and 5 a. m.
on Thursday. This perhaps may not appear a
lar*r« amount; but look at It from unnth«T point
of view. Thirteen ounces per square foot means
117 ounces per square yard, or. to express it In
familiar terms In an agricultural community, no
less than 19.2 tons per acre.
"Leaving for the while minor units, such as
acres, We find that 10.240 tons of volcanic 'ash'
w«re rained on to every square mile of this island
during th« last twelve hours of darkness. Suppos
ing the fall to have been approximately equal in
d^pth over the whole island, the almost Incredible
amount of 1.699,840 tons of solid matter was added
to Barbados last night."
Mrs. YoungtirMe -I've come to complain of that
flour you sent me.
Orocer What was the matter with It.
Mrs. Youngbride— lt was tough. I made a p!n
with It. and It was as much as« my husband could
do to cut it.— (Philadelphia Presn.
A man from North Carolina who was visiting In
Philadelphia the other day during the cold snap
cxpre«i9*d surprise that nothing wa? Bald about
the dogwood winter. "What do you mean l>y dog
wood winter?" asked his host. "Don't you really
know what dogwood winter Is?" demanded the
man from Hickory, N. C. "Why. we've been hav
ing It for the last three or four days. ThTe Is
always a spell of It in May, when the dogwood
tree In In bloom. For several days there Is cold,
dipnpre.-ahle. cloudy WOBther, nnd often a tOUCh
of frost. Down our way It never fails, and we
call It dogwood winter, i tbought Urn phrase was
general."
Kcho of hii Old Blander. "Who is your valedic
torian?" nsk.-d the new reporter, who bud been
sent to do up the commencement exorcises
"Allway Kanasse," replied the sophomore wuii
the wicked »-ye«.
"Singular name." ejaculated the new reporter
busily writing it down In his notebook.— (Chicago
Tribune.
A flve-yejir-old hoy of Baltimore, who had for
several months bees a regular attendant at Sun
day school, had inniiv questions to ask of his
mother as the recent circus parade passed. When
the wagon containing the rhinoceros came along,
the beast opened Its mouth, and he observed:
"Mamma, did God make that?" "Yes. dear," was
the reply. "Well, I ain't going to Sunday school
any more."
Amended.— "What a tiny little egg that Is " she
exclaimed, as they eat at breakfast. "Isn't it too
cute!"
"Too cute?" said he. after breaking: It; "Its chl
rather; one chic in fact. 11 — (Catholic Standard and
Times.
A little glr' of Duluth. who Is noted for her
slangy conversation and has besides the sublime
faith of childhood in the providence of God.
atnrtlfJ the household the other evening by her
irreverent spet-ih. which, of course, she didn't mean
In the way she put It.
After She retired her mother heard her calling
"Ood. God," severs l times, and hastened to her
crib to learn what was wanted. The child asked
petulantly as soon as her mother arrived:
"Mamma, can't God hear?"
"Yes, dear." replied her mother. "Why""
"Well. I've been calling for Him for half an
hour and He hasn't made a sound!"
8h- I'm delighted to know you but I'm sur
prised to flnrt you so tall; your brother, the poet, is
unusually short.
H- I wouldn't say he was unusually short.
'No? '
"No; be is ueually short.' -^hlla,d«lphl» KeeurJ.
Washington's 'Religious 'Belief*. i
Statements from Several Sources Which Bear Upon the As.
sertions of Archibald Hopkins That He Was
Not a. Communicant.
v.,. v, a \*«t Monday in The Tribune. Archibald Hopkins, clerk of the Court of
In a letter •^^J^J^fb, Ma Hopkins, once president of Williams College, one
Claims m Washington, am son of v iggue recem slatements by Bish -
iid^e^.^R N- McKte! To *• effect that Geor S e Washington .-as a communicant at
the Episcopal Church Senator from Massachusetts, and one of th.
To-day Henry Cab ot j * • author of distinction, makes a forcible rejoinder 0
s^urJitirsti- by D, —* - Is recto, - the «*— - the Eplph .
any, Washington.
FA ITII OF FA THEIi OF CO I '-V TR V
ACCORDING TO SENATOR LODGE THERE
IS SUFFICIENT POSITIVE EVIDENCE
T«) PROVE HIS BELIEF IN THE
DIVINITY OF CHRIST.
To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir I read with Interest a letter from Colonel
Hopkins, which appeared in The Tribune for
Monday. May If* in regard to Washington's re
ligion. The proposition which Colonel Hopkins
advances has been advanced before. It is to
the effect that Washington in his later years
was not a communicant In the Episcopal Church,
although generally believed to be so. and the
deduction is that he did not believe In the
divinity of Christ, and was, as Mr. Conway al
leges, a Deist.
It is not necer^ary to examine the evidence
upon which this proposition rests, because those
who sustain the proposition undertake to prove
a universal negative, which is always ditflcutt.
and frequently impossible. The points most re
lied on are the well known story, attributed to
Bishop White, that Washington at one time was
in the habit of leaving the church before the
communion service, and the well known fact
that he did not receive the communion when
uioii his deathbed. Bishop White's statement
pimply proves that Washington did not com
municate at a certain time— nothing more.
The fact that he did not receive the com
munion when he was dying proves nothing. His
lr.st illness was sudden, rapid in Its progress,
the closing of the throat making speech very
difficult and extremely painful. His last mo
ments wore fine, becoming in the highest de
gree, and entirely characteristic of the man; but
the fact that he did not then make public con
fession of his BSUafl is of no importance, ex
cept for the purpose of drawing a negative in
ference. To disprove th« proposition of Colonel
Hopkins nnd the writers whom he cites. It is
only necessary to consider the affirmative testi
in< ny In regard to this matter.
Washington had a profound belief in tlod and
In an overruling I^ovldence. This is mani
fested throughout his letters in utterances so
numerous that It Is not necessary to cite them.
Kven those who dispute his Christianity admit
that he was a Deist.
He was a regular and constant attendant on
the Episcopal Church.
lie was a vestryman for many years of his
parish church, and It is at least unlikely that
be would have h»!d such a position In that
church unless h* bad been regularly admitted
to the communion and was In good and regular
standing.
He not only w»nt to the church regularly, but
h.> fasted an appointed daya, as is proved by
at least one entry In his diary.
He believed In the efficacy of prayer, for he
prayed regularly, and the proof Is abundant
that ho would retire for prayer In times of stress
and trial.
I!.- was generally teUeved by his contem
poraries, with few exceptions, to be a chrts
tlan Chief Justice Marshall, who was an ac
curate man, both In observation and statement,
explicitly says that Washington was a Chris
tian, and any on" who will take the trouble to
examine the orations and addresses at the time
of Washington's death will find that such was
the opinion of men who knew him.
i:w. we are not left to the Inferences which
may be fairly drawn from the general evidence
which I h.iv- just Stated. In Volume II of
Bishop Meade'a "Old Churches and Families of
Virginia," in the appendix, Page Kttt there n
■ :•'.••!• given, written by Major Pspham, who
\ia-» a Revolutionary soldier. He states that h«
more than once saw Wsahtngton communicate
at St Paul's Church. NVw-Vork. while he whs
President, and received the communion with
him. Tiiis is direct, affirmative gride net, which
outweighs any negative Inference, and. if a>-
eepted, destroys ■ universal negative. The only
possible objection whlcn can be mud.; to M:il->r
Pel ham's testimony Is thiit he Was ST v»ry old
mnn when he wrote the letter; but there is no
Indication of failing memory in the letter. It
has never been disputed, and the ctrcttmstance
was one which th»- writer waa most likely to re
number accurately. General Porterfleld testi
fied dire My to the :-.«nie effect, but the report
of what he said comes through a second person
This evidence of an eyewitness like Major
Pophnm. unless successfully overthrown, is i.in
cluFlve.
But we have evidence which is absolutely con
clusive as to Washington's belief in the divinity
Of Christ. In his circular letter to the Governors
of the States, dated June 8. 17SM. a state paper
of the first importance, and prepared with the
utmost care. Washington uses these words
(Vol. X of Ford's edition of Washington's Writ
ings, page 2.">»'>): The pure and benign light
of Revelation." and on pace '_'i!."> he uses this
phrase: "The divine author of our blessed re
ligion." These last words are as distinct a dec
laration of belief In the divinity of Christ as any
man could make, and they are deliberately us.-d
in a state paper of great moment.
One of two things, in view of this sentence,
must be true: Washington either believed in
the divinity of Christ or when ha wrote those
words be deliberately stated something which
ho did not believe. The second alternative to
any one who has studied the llfo and writings of
Washington is impossible. The childish fable
of the cherry tree, a pure Invention of a later
time, like many other childish fables, embodies
a popular belief, and the popular belief that
Washington was pre-eminently ft truthful man
is Itself a great truth. Washington never tried
to deceive any one. and least of all himself. I do
not believe that all history can show a man of
greater veracity of mind than George Washing
ton. It was one of his createst. ns It was on-
of his noblest, qualities. He was utterly in
capable of referring to Christ as the "divine
author of our Massed religion" unless he entirely
believed It. It Is quite true that the eighteenth
century was an age of active and aggressive
skepticism, and that Franklin. Jefferson, John
Adams and many others of the great men who
made the Revolution and founded the United
States were more or less Imbued with or affect
ed by the spirit of the time, but Washington
had a cast of mind totally different from these
men or from those of like opinions In Europe.
His mind was neither restless nor speculative.
He thought deeply, but a conviction once at
tained he rarely changed.
I trust I shall be pardoned if I quote what I
wrote In ray biography of Washington, pub
lished some years ago. This statement repre
sents the results of much careful Inquiry, and
gives the conclusion which I reached after much
thought. I have seen no evidence since, and no
subsequent Inquiry has produced any evidence,
which leads me to change the views there ex
pressed. What I then said is as follows:
n H n . h the .w" * confidence In the Judgment
of posterity that he had in the future beyond
the grave. He regarded death with entire cans,
ness and even indifference, not only when it
came to him. but when in previous years it had
threatened him. He loved life and tasted of it
deeply, but the courage which never forsook
him made him ready to face the inevitable at
any moment with an unruffled spirit. In this
he was helped by his religious faith, which was
as simple as it was prcrfound. He had beea
brought up in the Protestant Episcopal Church,
and to that church he arways adhered; for its
splendid liturgy and stately forms appealed to
him and satisfied him. He loved it. too, as the
thurch of his home and his ehlldhood. Yet n «
was as far as possible from being sectarian,
and there is not a word of his which shows anyl
thing but the most entire liberality and tolera
tion. He made no parade of his religion, for in
this as in other things he was nerfectly simple
and sincere. He was tortured by no doubts or
questionings, but believed always in an overrul
ing Providence and in a merciful Ood. t> whom
he knelt and prayed in the day of darkness or In
the hour of triumph with a supreme and child-
Uk«- confidence. H. C. LODGE.
T'nlted States Senate, Washington, May 22.
1902.
WASH L\G TON A CHRISTIAX.
A REJOINDER TO COLONEL HOPKINS
FROM THE RECTOR OF THK
CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANY, 1
WASHINGTON.
To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: My attention has just been called to a
communication In your issue si Mty ID from
the pen of Archibald Hopkins, challenging the
accuracy of statements made by myself in a
recent -errr->n concerning the religious charactef
of General Washington.
The periodic eruption of Mr. Hopkins'? al
truistic zeal for the enlightenment of those of
his fellow countrymen who are still enveloped
In the darkness of the Christian faith excites
no surprise, and usually calls for no comment:
but the communication referred to nor only
denies that Washington was a communicant of
the Episcopal Church, but undertakes to prove
that he was not a Christian, but a Deist, in h's
belief. Incidentally, this assertion asperses the
honesty and integrity of the character of tha
man whose fame is dearest to the hearts of the
citizens of this republic, and for that reason I
shall notice his communication.
Whether Washington was a communicant or
not has been, as every one Is aware, much dis
cussed. The evidence in favor of that fact as
stated by Bishop Moade. the Rev. Dr. Slaughter
and others appears to me satisfactory. Mr.
Hopkins states that there is no record si his
confirmation. Certainly not, since- there was no
Bishop in this country, and consequently no ad
ministration of confirmation, until after tha
Revolution. Bishop White was consecrated in
IT**?. It was not strange that Washington
should not have presented himself for confirma
tion when so far advanced In life. It is safe to
say there were hundreds of unconfirmed com
municants In the Church In the Colonial period.
Let it be remembered, in the first place, that
It was the custom of the Colonial Church only
to administer communion at Christmas. Easter
and Whitsuntide, and that It was a not uncom
mon practice for communicants to receive only
once a year. This must be borne in mind la
considering the negative testimony of Bishop
White and Dr. Abercromble as to Washington's
habit in Philadelphia while President. The tes
timony of Miss Nellie Custls that her grand
mother. Mrs. Washington, told her often that
General Washington always communed with her
before the Revolution is not to be lightly set
aside. That Washington received the com
munion In the Presbyterian church in Morris
town during the Revolution seems to me to be
established upon entirely satisfactory evidenca
I stated in my sermon that "letters are in exist
ence from two distinguished Revolutionary offi
cers which testified to the writer having seen
him at the table of the Lord both in Philadel
phia and New -York." Mr. Hopkins, with his
accustomed urbanity, states that "neither the
whereabouts of the letters nor the names of the
writers— both presumably easily ascertalnable
if they exist— were given." In fact, the name
of one of them. Major Popham, was given by
me, with a quotation from his letter.
I make no comment upon the polite insinua
tion that I made this assertion without author
ity, but I proceed now to give the following dec
laration of General Porterfleld to General Sam
uel Lewis, both of whom were known to be
men of spotless truth. "General Washington
was a pious man. a member of the Episcopal
Church. I saw him myself on his knees receive
the Lord's Supper at Philadelphia."
Major Popham was a Revolutionary officer with
Washington, and his high character is attested
by Bishop Honda and Dr. Ben-ten, of Trinity
Church. New-York. In a letter to Mr?. John A.
Washington, of Mount Vernon. he affirms that
he attended the same church (In New- York)
as Washington during his Presidency.
■ I sat in Judge Morris's pew. and I am as
confident as a memory now laboring under the
pressure of eighty-seven years will serve that
the President often communed, and I have ha"3
the privilege of kneeling with him. My elder
daughter distinctly remembers hearing her
grandmother. Mrs. Morris, mention the fact
with pleasure."
Dr. Berrlea states that Major Popham' mind
and memory at the time that he wrote these
words were not impaired.
In addition to this. Dr. Chapman deposes that
a lady whose word could not be questioned as
sured him soon after the Revolution that she
saw him partake of the symbols of the body of
Christ in Trinity Church. New- York.
Losssag; the historian, says: "He was a mem
ber in full communion of the Protestant Epis
copal Church."
Washington Irving says: "General Washing
ton and his wife were both communicants."
As to the religious habits and character of
Washington la which I alluded in my sermon. I
rely, among others, upon the following illustri
ous historians: George Bancroft, who says that
"Washington was from his heart truly and
deeply religious": j ed Sparks, who says. Ho
"•as Christian In faith and practice, and he was
habitually devout. His reverence for religion
was seen In his example, in his public com
munications and In his private life." and Wash
ington Irving, who says: "Washington attendel
church every Sunday when the weather ani
roads permitted. His demeanor was reveren
tial and devout"
Add to this the testimony of George Wash
ington Parke Custls. Washington's ward, and a,
member of his family, who said In his printed
reminiscences: "Washington was a strict anA
decorous observer of the Sabbath. He always
attended divine service in the morning
read a sermon or some portion of the Bible to
Mrs. Washington in the afternoon. On Sunday
there were no visitors to th* President's house
except the relations and Mi Speaker Trumbuli
in the evening, a 0 that If, the bell ra&f t*s par
>a)