New-York tribune. [volume], August 13, 1906, Page 4, Image 4

About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

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4
'Amusements.
ACADEMY OF lll'SlC— The Ylrslnlan.
AEIU'L. GARDKNS— Sr-W-^Tiie Governor* ton.
J4!IT.^SOO-S:'s— The GUI of the Golden Welt. ■_„_,
iJRICHTOX BEACH rARK— B:r*-Fireworl-s to-merrew
• evening. . .
S^fiSSSaS-TS^Vi Grater U*»
Part.— Dr-samlanl. . • •
CRITERION— S:IS—Utt!<> Chertlb.
H>BN JtCSKE— The World in Wax.
HAIO*ER?TKIX != VICTORIA- 2— »:I5 — Vaudeville.
I,YCErM-S:5-Th* Lton an.l the Mouse. M. mM U«
MADISON SQUARE 3AttpSX HO« »r —fi — MamieUe
vI?AN" hi:a.-h- «:- » V«.avl«. and Fire
—•--Twiddle Twaddle.
ZJAXHATTAX— "IS— KreutEfr Sonata. .
% "KTV YORK S'ls The Ham Tree.
KEW YORK ROOF GARDEN- KiStf— Vaudertll* ana See
' iner New York.
■iTjVrgK- a^ft— III* Honor the Mayor.
Index to Advertisements.
• rwre.Col! ragf.Col.
ent» « f Help Wanted \ -
Amusement* .!« « InMiu-tion « "JJ
AucOon S«.l»» 7 tiLaw S.-li.wl» ....._ ... * "
T!*nken« * PrPkpm.. 8 1] Marriages & P<>a'.h». . 6 »-«
BilltarO and Pool | Mlsi-«>11anoou» » «
Table* 7 1; Musical * •
Boar« and Rooms... 7 1; Notice of Summon*.. 8 1
Br<y>klvn Pn>r*rtj to | Ocean Steamers •• •
Let • .... 8 « Propoasl. 1" ,Jj
Brookb-n rroperty for 1 Railroad* ' '"*
Sal» ' ;. * 6 Real Eftate... » ••
Carp*-? "-leaning . . . . 7 1 i R«atsw»irta J -
Citations « 1 Special Notices .». •
CH» Motel* * Rt«>aml»Oßf» J "
City rroperty to V*. « 6 Sumnvr It.s^no » J»
City Proi^rty for '. Surrogate's Notice*.. *> *-*
Ea'.e .. .... fi WiTeacher*' Agennie*. .. B «
Ot>untr>- 80ard...... < 6 To I.et for I!u*inei«B
rjertc* an<l Office Fur- I Purposes ■■•■■■■*■ **
T,itui» 7 li Tribune Subscription
JV)rne«ic Situation* : Rates ;*; * *»
• v. e!>t» d ; M Tru*i « 'ompanles • ■' •->»
|.tT»6finaWinK A Mil L'nfurnlahed Apart
* liner. 7 2 m'nt» m L«t. ••••J „ «
rumished Rootna to | Work Wanted ■ « --♦
■ I*l I -I
ISiitm^p^MwX^i STirit mvi
IfOXDAY, AlolST ia. I'.k«V
THE NEWS THIS MORNING,
FOREIGN. Grand I>uke Nicholas Nlcholaie
vitch declined th<* post of commander In chief
«»f th- Russian army cn<l General Mneyttch
nay lie appointed ===== Terrorist activity con
tinued in many Russjari nrovinro.«: flenet ral yon'
I^r?k" ba« V»=-»'-.i appointed Governor General
Of Warsaw; an attempt was made to kill Gen
eral KaratHfff in Samara. ■■* J. - Many recep
tions, h dinner and a ball were plven at Monte
video in honor of Secretary Rout, rrrr- - King
Menelik ■„, signed the n-Italian-British
convention relative to cominerclal .11.: ' it > ar.d
railway construction. *', Turkish officials say
th.'it ihe Sultan's illness was slight : there are
Hill many scnpational rumors in illation.
T— Kins .Alfonso .'irri Queen Victoria left
Cowes in visit ].••] l^eith in Scotland.
DOMESTIC Miss Liza Case, or Azi L. Bsac,
as st • «.-3lis herself, made a Bcene in Christ's
Church. Oyster Fay. by Illng to the President
after the service; *^ ; W. Emlen Roosevelt
vas attacked by n siipposed mad 'l"c near Saga
more Hill: Jami-s Sloan, one of the President's
guards, shot the animal. ; _ ~ About fifty I hou
raii'l visitors were in lea polls to attend the
Grand Army encampment. . Spr-retary
Bonaparte, sppakinc on "Anarchism and Its
Reme-dy" before the Chautauq.ua Society at
Cumberland. Md.. proposed drastic treatment
for this growing evil. =^=.— Mrs. Lucius Tucker
roan, it was learned, was seriously iil at her
home in Lenox ■ ■ '■■ Three persons were hurt
In Fort Worth; Tex., in a fight because a Negro
■would not sivc up his seat to a white woman.
■■-„ = "John the Orangeman," Harvard's "mas
rot." died In Boston from weakness following an
operation — - Thirteen persona who had aban
doned a pinking barge on Lake Michigan were
rescued In heavy seas offOroFSe Point, Mich.
== a cloudburst at Langtry. Tex., swept
away six miles of th** Southern Pacific tra< ks.
ClTY.— "Late In the day Deputy Police Com
missioner O'K«>ef>» took a hand in the riots caused
by the refusal of passengers to pay the second
far* to Coney Tslar.d and forced th» B. R. T.
asotormen to run their cars without the fare
being collf-rted: there were rios and disorder
all day at th« second fare point, and In them
many persons fcere injured. several seriously.
rr= it was rumored in the Tenderloin that
Police Captain Steve O*Brien had quit, owing to
inability to suppress gambling in the precinct.
=i— Thre» steers, which escaped from a cattle
boat off the Battery.' caused a lively time In the
lower part of th- city. =--■=-. Magistrate Sweet
*fr began bis duties on the bench, receiving the
congratulations of many friends. :^=rr= The rock
drillers went on strike in part of the Pennsyl
vania Railroad excavations for an eight-hour
■workday and union conditions. : _ ESllis Isl
and was open to receive Immigrants. — —
Judge Wilbur A. Heleley. of the Circuit Court
of Sew Jersey, was arrested in Staten Island
for violating the speed laws. _ — _i_ The Civil
Service Reform Association appealed to Gov
ernor Higgins to reopen the Bender case .
THE WEATHER. — Indications for to-day:
Fair. The temperature yesterday: Highest, 84
fleirreeF; lowest. 74.
THE XEWS THIS! MORNING.
"We desire to remind our readers who are
about to U-arp Hi* city that The Tririne hill
hr trnt hy mail /-< any addrc*s in this country
fir abroad, and rnidnxs changed as often an de
tired. Subscriptions may be given to your r<'g
vler dfnlrr before leaving, or, if more convert'
ient. hand them in at The Tbibcne Office.
Bee opposite page for subscription rates.
SVBit A RISE TELEPHONY.
■ It ie reported that a cable seven miles long
has been laid in Lake Constance to connect the
tNepbone fsynteuis of Switzerland and Wiirtern.
l»r-. ;.ii.i thai It Las been constructed iv ac
•*>rdance with a plan invented by Professor
M; ii;i»-i I'upin. The hindrance which th3t well
known electrician houyht to overcome is en
«<f»unt»T<'ii both in fcuimiariu;> telegraphy and
submarine telephony. it is a smothering or
••damping" influence on 'the electric Impulses
transmitted over a wire, and is exerted by the
waterproofing and Insulating material with
which die wire is surrounded. The trouble is
far more serious in telephony I than In teleg
raphy, however, because the frequency of the
waves excited by the voice is much greater than
th.-it with which a trained cable operator forms
his dots and dashes by the manipulation of a
key. By introducing into the cable at certain
Interval*— eighths or tenths of a mile—
what are called "inductance colls," Professor
I'ujtin found that clearness of communication
would l>e greatly enhanced. There would also
be a remarkable increase In the distance over
which conversation would be practicable.
The efficiency of the invention having been
demonstrated several years ago, It is somewhat
turprislng that it baa not yet come into more
general use. The American Bell Telephone
Company controls the Pupta patents in this
country, and Siemens ft Halske, manufacturers
of telegraphic equipment, in part or all of
Europe. The actual cost of making the neces
sary additions to a cable ought not to l>e great.
and if perfect workmanship were guaranteed,
that alone would teem to constitute no formid
able objection to the adoption of the system,
wen though large royalties were demanded.
Perhaps the conservatism of the postal depart
ments of European governments, which manage
toe telegraphs and telephones as w<»ll«mis the
mails of their respective countries, may have
been bd obstacle to its introduction abroad. In
•hi* country, it may be presumed, the corpora
tion which paid Professor Pupln a handsome
r>ri.'- for his rights has not yet found it desir
able to utilize them bo extensively as the public
one* expected that it would.
Some of the expectations which were cher-
J shed a few years ago regarding Professor Pu-
I-inV invention wye undoubtedly extravagant.
It is now believed by those who have studied
iii*» matter carefully that it would not pay to
lay a telephone cable across the Atlantic. The
perrons «lio would take advantage of the facil
ities thus afforded would be men engaged In
large financial or industrial operation**, and who
•fete nm content with telegraphic service, even
where a cipher was employed for secrecy. There
would^hc an assurance of only a limited number
of patrons, sad these would often, want to use
the wires almost at the same moment. It is 3
•'dock p. m. in London when it is 10 o'clock
a, m. in New York. The business day is virtual
ly closing there when it in ju*t beginning here.
The period Oaring which fefephonlc conversa
&-•*■ between the two cities would l>e conducted.
thi-svfore. would Ke »orv «.h Tt - pn.l»:ibly un
profitably short.
Apparently, the bent promise of remunerative
business would be afforded by lines across the
Baltic, serving as links in a chain of commuui
■Mea teiwaen Berlin and Stockholm, or by
cables connecting I/>ndon with the Continent.
There are probably regions on the Continent of
Europe where it would east less to lay a cable
directly n<-ro«s n lake than to make a long
detour around it. the mountainous character of
the adjacent country rendering the construction
of laud lines inexpedient, if not impossible.
This may be true, for Instance, in the vicinity of
Lake Constance. A few trials of that sort ought
to prove highly Instructive. If the results were
thoroughly satisfactory, imitation on a larger
scale elsewhere would be encouraged.
A\ARCBY OVER FARES.
The scenes on the road tr» Coney Island yes
terday were another illustration of the bad
habit of resorting to disorder to establish legal
rights, which The Tribune criticised the other
day when it was manifested in the trouble over
the piers at Oyster Bay. It ought to be pos
sible to determine in some peaceful fashion
once for all the rights of the public and the
rights of the railroads with relation to Coney
Island fares, nnd to avoid the repetition, summer
after summer, of the disgraceful struggles,
amounting sometimes to riots, over this ques
tion.
If the railroad has legal authority to charge
Xt cents on one route or all routes, the fact
should l»e demonstrated before tho highest
court, and made so plain that no inferior tri
bunal would interfere with tho exercise of the
right, and n<» citizen would be encouraged to dis
pute it. On the other hand, wherever the courts
have decided that the legal fare is only tivp
cents it should l»e Impossible for the railroad to
charge more. Then the police should not only
refuse to am-st passencers declining to pay
more than the legal fare and refusing to leave
a cnr. luit they should treat as disorderly per
sous agents <»f the company who interfered with
the passenger's peaceable pursuit of his journey
oii payment of the legal fare. Moreover, it
should I*-, if it is not. in the power of the Rail
road Commission to compel railroads to respect
their lo^al obligations. It should not l>e left
for individuals Io exact obedience by forcible
resistance lauding them In a police station, or
by suffering ejection and bringing suit for
damages. If w<' have not in this state a coal
potent administrative authority to prevent such
disgraceful struggles as have repeatedly oc
curred on the Coney Island lines, it is time for
us to establish one.
Justice (Jaynor may be right or wrong In his
ruling. That i.- not the point, though it is to be
noted tbat other judges have repeatedly given
similar decisions, and more than two years ago
the Appellate Division handed down a decision
which was popularly interpreted as a warrant
for thc> five rent faro. The railroad, however.
declared t'jat the decision did not apply, and
continued to collect 10 cents, frequently with
violence. Uieht or wrong, however, either the
decision should be obeyed, or the court In giving
it should make clear that it is not a warrant
for a refusal to pay the fare demanded. It is
intolerable that the people. «>u the one hand, and
the corporation, on the ether, should be left to
squabble over a legal question, and have daily
riotp to determine the charge for public service.
It Is time for somebody in authority, the city
government, the Railroad Commission, or the
<x>urts. io say wr-:it the fare shall be. and en
force obedience of tbe order pending a final
decision by the Court of Appeals of the legal
point involved, if. indeed, the point has not
already been finally determined.
GERMANY'S BATTLESHIPS.
One of the leading naval powers which re
organized their j»olicj- promptly when the
Dreadnought was launched last February is
Germany. She has bpeu building two battle
ships a year for several years, and decided that
the next ones authorized should be a match for
the vessel now under construction at Torts
mouth. The Tribunes London correspondent
declares that the Kaiser is not entirely satis
fied with the decision reached a few months
ago. and that the Ersatz Bayern aud Ersatz
Sachaea will !>e bigger than the Dreadnought.
From other sources it is learned that these
ships will probably have a displacement of
1!».000 tons, instead of 18,0<>0 (as originally
planned), and will mount sixteen 1 1-inch guns.
The Dreadnoughts main battery is to consist
of ten 12-incfa guns.
<ireat Britain will not, of course, be disturbed
by this news. She bus been setting tbe pace
for the rest of the world for years, and Is under
no obligation to limit herself in the future to
vessels like the Dreadnought. Nevertheless, it
would be bard to predict the outcome of an en
gagement between that particular ship and one
of tbe kind which the Kaiser now has in his
mind's »■>»>. The Dreadnought is expected to
be t lit* faster ship. She has Iteen designed to
develop a sptvd of "Jl knots, whereas the new
German battleships are intended to develop
tiuly IM^.. Tbe ship which can manoeuvre best
In action bas a great advantage over its ad
versary. Again, trifling as is the difference in
tbe calibre of their guns, it might have an
appreciable effect under certain conditions. Just
now everything is being sacrificed to long range,
and tbe range of a camion Is approximately
proportioned t« its bore, if it should prove that
the Dreaduought't) guns could begin the work
of destruction a few minutes earlier than those
of her enemy, thai qualification might more
than offset the ability to throw more hundred
weight of metal n minute.
It is not at all unlikely that Germany's dis
satiafaction with the plans adopted early in the
V-ar has been Inspired less by what is being
ilone by Great Britain than by hints of what
other powers luive in view. Admiral Dewey
told the House Committee <-v Naval Affairs four
or rive- months ago that lie had reason to sus
peel that Japan bad decided on 19,000-ton
battleships. Besides, while Secretary Kona
parte's plans were not perfected at that time,
it is no secret that the United States Navy De
partment wanted the privilege «.f building a
warship of greater size than any of which there
was luen any assurance. Fortunately or un
fortunately, the Secretary could not secure the
authority to proceed Quietly with the realiza
tion of thai purpose, but it is not to be supposed
that the government in Berlin was kept in
ignorance regarding bis Intentions,
Germany is now taking un exceptionally long
stride in the development of her navy. She
doubtless realizes that iv HJine respects she has
been backward, and is eager to make up for
lost time. The I'nited States has ready for ser
vice, if not actually In commission, five battle
ships displacing 15,000 tons each, and having a
spaed of 19 knots. Two vessels of the Louisiana
• Ihss. displacing 16,000 tons and developing a
K|>eed of is knots, are virtually completed, and
four more are under construction. The biggest
Ships now being built for Germany have a dis
placement of 13/JUO tons. The keels of two
were laid last year, two others were launched
in iftOfi. and one of that particular class (the
Deutachland) is now finished of another
group, having a displacement of |. # {.'mm> tons
exactly, four are ready for -service, If not in
commission, and a fifth is rapidly approaching
completion. The older German battleships are
comparable in size with thorn* of the classes to
which the Oregon, the Illinois and the Mahip be
long. Borne of them mount nothing larger than
0.4-iiicli guns, however, while the biggest guns
on American battleships Invariably nave a
calibre of 12 or IS inches. Apparently there has
been room for Improvement in the weight of
Germany's naval ordnance n« well as In tbe
pi/f» of hrr tijrliting Khip*. nnd It is by no moan*
certain that she bas fulfj awakened to her
NEW- YORK DAILY TRIBrNE. MONDAY. AIGCST 1£ 1966.
needs even yet.-" Except' for coast defence, her
heaviest guns, today ha^ve calibre of only 11
Inch*-.
GOOD 'ROADS -A.XD.TnE LIQUOR TRAFFIC.
To the many schemes looking to the financing
of good roads propositions Governor Folk of
Missouri has' added a new one. He _ will ask
the next Legislature of bis state to pass a law
taxing the retail liquor interests for the benefit
of the public highways. His plan Is to have a
direct state tax of $200 levied on each dram
shop, the fund to be used to build two great
highways across the state, one from Kansas City
to St.- Louis and one from lowa 'to the Arkansas
line. ■,;'..■:■ . >-A *-~--v ''■•">
While tbe details of Governor Folk's plan are
not fully explained, enough is known to show
tbat it is an interesting, though as yet doubt
ful, method of raising funds for good roads.
Various states have adopted differing methods
of getting the money no-o^rv to improve
tbe existing highways or build new ones, and
through them all tbe principle of state aid
has been the main feature, though with many
varieties of application. We kuow of no in
stance where Governor Folk's idea tans been
applied.
Existing methods of road improvement are
the so-called "reward" system, introduced by
Commissioner Earle, of Michigan ; the systems
under which improvements are carried out in
New Jersey. Connecticut and Mnwsachusetts ;
the convict labor work of Georgia and some
other Southern states, and the great hond l*-sue
plan, through which New York's highways Are
to be brought to a high pitch of excellence. A
careful study of the various methods leads to the
conclusion that tbe state bond issue, as adopted
by New York, affords the most feasible aud
least expensive method, of making the highway*
what they should l>e. Tills doubtless could '.»e
improved, however. For Instance, in a few
New York counties some of the county prisoners
nre made to work In getting out material for
highway construction. This plan has so far
been successful, and there seems no valid rea
son why it should not he extend©:! to the state's
prisoners. The amount of competition with
"free labor" resulting would not be an ap
preciable fietor in the state's labor problems,
and work in the open nir. with goofl food and
proper treatment, would improve many men in
whom tho reformation supposed to be wrought
by imprisonment is In no way apparent.
MONEY AXD 9rBI\BBB.
Several underwriting syndicates have recently
been dissolved, with extremely unsatisfactory
results for the members, which Is evidence that
the supply of new securities has exceeded the
demand. Were it not for the fact that stock
market manipulation is backed by very powerful
financial interests, similar liquidation would be
forced in the many specialties that have led in
the artificial rise of about $6 a share In the
average of the sixty most active railway stocks.
But those who accumulated large quantities of
stock certificates at these advancing prices ap
pear to be in position to retain their holdings
in the face of a firm money market and little
absorption by th<? general public. Occasionally
there is a raid upon the market by the Western
group of speculators, but little long stock Is dis
lodged and the reaction is fractional In most
cases. These operations maintain a total volume
of business that Is unusually heavy for the sea
son., but five or six stocks supply 60 per cent
of the total business. From a technical point of
view the market is obviously In better condi
tion than it would be if the securities were scat
tered among thousands of .weak holders who
might be forced to sell out in case of pressure,
but the situation would be still safer if a larger
percentage of the total Issue of stocks was In the
safe deposits of investors.
Scarcely any fluctuation occurred In -money
rates until the latter part of the week, although
variations in domestic exchange indicated that
there was a growing tendency ,to withdraw
funds from this centre. The question always
arises ;at ; this season whether the West and
South will draw as heavily on New York as
usual, and the only significant alteration in this
movement in recent years has been In character
rather than amount. Formerly the money taken
from this centre was actually borrowed, at least
a large part of it, but in recent, years interior
banks have kept such large balances on deposit
with their correspondents here that when they
needed money for handling th© crops the opera
tion consisted chiefly of reducing deposits in
New York banks. This year, according to state
ments by prominent Interior bankers, they are
in exceptionally good position to take care of
their customers, and shipments from New York
may really show a decrease. Nevertheless, there
are three points to be considered In this regard:
First, crops are much heavier than usual and
consequently will call for a larger amount of
money; second, real estate operations have been
unusually heavy throughout the country and
have affected resources of Interior institutions;
third, as long as New York banks allow interest
of 2 per cent on the balances of Interior corre
spondents they will continue to send money here
during the season when their surplus cannot be
employed to belter advantage
Trade reports continue to show better condi
tions than at this date in any previous year, and
■it is the exception when wholesome conditions
are not recorded. Midsummer quiet prevails in
certain lines, but not more than customary, and
i: is especially gratifying to see evidences of
great =•!• preparations -for fall trade than ever
before. Even the persistently firm money mar
ket has not retarded legitimate husinfw. and in
so far as It is limiting speculative operations the
effect should be helpful. A few new strikes
have occurred, but not of sufficient magnitude
to cause any alarm, although the actual scarcity
of labor is a serious matter. In Industrial as well
as agricultural undertakings. The recent de
cline In the brick market took prices to about
half what they were in May, which may prove
of general benefit by encouraging building oper
ations, which were undoubtedly restricted by th*
high cost of material. The brick situation was
unnatural at the top price, and the decline was
due to a combination of heavy production and
much substitution of concrete.- As It Is well
known that many building operations were post
poned because of the prohibitive cost, there is
reason to look for resumption of much aban
doned work now that the level of prices Is lower.
Option trading in cotton has Increased, and the
market rules weaker, with more evidence of
aggressive operation for the short side of the
speculative account. Even after the recent
moderate decline prices appear to be very high
In view of the general belief that another large
crop !,i about to be secured, especially as ex
ports are making a very poor showing Up to this
month it seemed almost certain that the current
crop year would surpass all records In value
of cotton exported, the higher price making up
for the decrease in quantity, but the closing
month has proved disappointing thus fa
Palling train quotations received a check on
account of the largest exports of recent years
arid latest figures show a smaller proportion of
wheat exported In the form of flour." Retell.*"
at primary markets sustain the numerous state
ments of good th' ashing returns, and North
western flour mills are producing much mort>
freely than a year ago. although still considera
bly below their full capacity.
Textile fabrics supply the only Irregular re
ports of any of the leading industrial branches,
demands for woollens and worsteds being much
larger in some sections than others, and It Is
also noted that several lines of cottons are sold
well ahead, while others receive few orders ex
cept for immediate shipment. It la probable
that buyers In the primary markets hope that
a large cotton crop will cheapen the raw ma
terial and produce more attractive terms for
totton goods, but the small stocks in all coal
tlons- er.cnurag? -.producers to maintain prices.
As ./ footwear shops -have large contracts, on
hand. for 'fall shipment 'and 'are receiving much
business for delivery next springr, there Is no
prospect of lower prices' for boots and shoes,
particularly as the markets for hides and leather
are firmly maintained. Pig iron production th c
month will fall considerably below the .maxi
mum, not because of any diminution In demand,
but because there is a limit to the time that
furnaces can be operated without stopping for
repairs. As It becomes probable that the supply
will prove Inadequate, prices tend to advance,
and until the output can be ««^"J
Burners may find difficulty In securing deliveries.
Mr. Gompers objects to letting the Chinese
dig the Panama Canal. Will Mr. (temper. ,«o
and dig It himself, even with union ages and
an eight-hour day? Or will any <"**£**
number of the workmen whom he represents
undertake the labor on any terms?
We deeply sympathize with our aged corre
spondent who would like to see a decent bridge
service before he dies. What he says about the
relief which could be affo.-ded by a common
sense co-operation cf differed transportation
companta. to P-fe,t,y true. But It Is really
too much to hope for common sense In dealing
with a subject which has been the sport of
stupidity for twenty yeirs.
The passenger traffic of this city is Increasing
at the rate of about 12O.«no.<**> r!de« a yea.-.
What Is being done to meet this ever growing
demand on already overtaxed facilities?
"Following the ponies" h*lpod to brin? ruin to
the presiJ*:it and the cashier of the wrecked
ban!: In CWcagn. That diversion has proved a
short cut to the "road to ruin" to so many that
It is surprising that Its nature Is not better ap
preciated by m<»n who are otherwise above the
average in intelligence, even if below the av
erage tn morality.
The United States has acquired another Island.
It is time for the anti-imperialists to protest
against the outrage. Neither moral nor vol
canic destiny should he permitted to enlarge our
domain:
After all. the visits of the Shah of Persia to
Western Europe are to bear fruit. Why should
not Emperor Nicholas also set out upon a series
of travels to other lands?
THE TALK OF THE DAY.
One has to look abroad for municipal enterprise.
Bordeaux has gone into the publishing business.
The Mayor and corporation of that town are bring
ing out a new edition of the "Essays" of Mfch«l de
Montaigne, giving, it is asserted, for the first time
the authentic snd "definitive" text of the essays.
It will be called "l'editlon municipale." and will be
magnificently printed, as well as properly edited by
competent scholars. Montaigne was once Mayor of
Bordeaux.
"Then, Maurlzio. to-morrow I will come with my
wife to oee you both."
"Delightecj. But look here, tell your wife not to
wear he*- new diamond earrings or my wife will
at once want a pair!"
"Oh, the devil! And my wife was only coming
for the purpose of showing them off."— ll Dlavolo
Rosa.
■ Why Is the printers errand boy called the
"printer"* devil"? A writer at the end of the seven
teenth century explained it thus: "These boys In a
printing house commonly black and dawb them
selves; whence- the workmen do Jocosely call them
devils; and sometimes spirits, and sometimes flies."
It is, related, however, that Aldo Manuzio. the great
Venetian printer of the fifteenth century, had a
black slave boy. who was popularly supposed to
have come from below. Accordingly he published a
notice: "I, Aldo Manuzio. printer to the Doge, have
this day mafle public exposure of the printer's
devil. All who think he is not flesh and blood may
come snd pinch him."
Father Matteo is a good countryman who sent his
son to the city to be educated. The latter, to give
him pleasure, bougnt a cheap phonograph, and.
when he set it going, watched for some sign of sur
prise from his father. Father Matteo heard it to
the end, and then, removing his cigar, said, with
disdain. "I do not use preserved meat nor vege
tables and much less do I care for preserved
music!"— ll Mondo Umoristlco.
Many years ago Sir John Macdonald, Premier of
Canada, was to deliver a speech at an important
public dinner. In the conviviality of the evening he
forgot, the importance of his speech. When It was
dfllvoied it lacked somewhat of coherency. A re
porter took seme notes, which he did not publish,
but called on Sir John next day and told him that
lie'was not quite sure of having secured an accurate
report.
He was invitei to read over his notes, but he had
not got far whe-n Sir .John interrupted him with,
"That Is not what I said." There was a pause, and
Sir John continued. "Let me repeat n»y remarks."
He then walked up and down the room and de
livered a most impressive speech In the healing of
the amused reporter, who took down evety word a*
it fell from his lips. Having thanked Sir John for
his courtesy, lie was taking his leave, when he wa-t
recalled to receive this admonition:
"Young- man. :illow me to sive you this word of
advice: Never again attempt to report a public
speaker when you are urunk."
WEDDING "PROTECTION."
lit- patriotic and "protect"
The homebr*ci brand of bachelors).
Hut tax all britons who elect
. To wed outside their native shores.
I)<> not admit him, duty free, ■• y
Who ('.aunts l.is "mala in Germany."
—The London World.
"The Hiawatha (Kan.) Woii.l" prints this interest
ing item: "Ewtns Herbert irl i to prevent a dog
fight in the park Wednesday night, and one of the
dogs bit a piece out of his new pants and his ol 1
lee."
"Really."' said the- up-to-date carpenter, "I can't
do aiiy night work for you- no after i; o'clock '
■Bui." |.rotes;ed Mr. S«vellraan. "the work must
be h'i:.s!i-.-,J by tO-lUOriO». I expect t.. pay )O 4
douole lor your nignt work." .
•ois, it Isn't that: l>ut, >ou fe. tn) dress sui i,
at the scourer's. Catholic tManoara and 'limes.
The German Kmptror is quoted an saying that
any youth of twenty without knowledge or educa
tion could go to any newspaper office - i the world,
and, taking a position on its staff. :•.? art Idea
which would create sensations. Th( same youth
would probably create a sensation as an rraperor.
"Where did you pet that song?" said she;
"i got it out of my head. >:ii he .
"1 »,ot ii out of my o.vn small bead!"
••\Vi.at a lucky tiling for your head. ' she caid.
£ — CleveiaruJ ueaucr.
a. ■ ,
— -.- ■ . — ■ .. ■
SIGHTS OF 'EM.
Cairo cotrespondencc of The IU v.Uer. o-ville iK% )
Journal.
Mis* Btttie Sights is visiting 3f!sa Lizzie Kcn~l«r
Miss Hoili* I'almer lias teen vuiiing All's* Lizzie
£>igut9. &Usa Lizzie Kon«l" mieriained a party of
\ojiir people ar her n.>m»- iUtSjav evening in
honor of mis« nettle Bigtii«, or Hendetson Mr*
Jennie Kons-!»r and daug;ttCT. iii«.« u;r^:*-. and visa
Een!« Sighis. spf nt MouuSy niJi Mr- i. 1.. biguts
Mlks Lizzie Sigini and .mi-* liollie Palmer sr.tnt
WV<ln€!»day wnb Mr. and Mrs. AI Bights.
SHAKESPEARE ON HAND.
From The l.onion Tribune.
Borne pessimist! ate Inclined to think that Shake
sp*ure.is quite ri«-;i.l. tiooti uiv.s. ii.iv. -v» comes
1.0..1 ri<.rij,-ii > . ... nine. f u.i. »'i... t..i , leceiuly »«e.i
h iiicinii.ii i>o;i»r mere which un- «.-. follows —
'My UlVlus .•...;.>- .v-u .11 «...; ....i i.,..,, . „ „.«.'• j
July, will i<■ roprfkfin«d i,, tiir flrst time
KOMEO \N!> JULIET.
A s>rii.-atio. - .al . . .i ,• .> . 1...1. ■■»... ... .■.., ..,1 in rive
a«..>. vsiwi »..». g>. «.. Lucee, >.i.<;
naal rire.
.- • Bj YYi.i.rt..i en i.; • lie.
The 'Author v:.l i.. !».•... v; at nib ;.-•, •. _ : ui."
MIGHT HAVE QUALIFIED.
From Success
Not Irish, but delightful, I. tJ:c story of the auto
mobilise nun. in making .1 cioss-councry tout m
I-nkotii. had the inlsforiuiie to have his machine
brritk down. He saw a small hous* not far oft ana
cut across to It. 'trie only man about tlie place was
a Swede, who was much amused by the sUht of the
•t range rig the autamoblllst wore. "My friend '
•aid the automoblliat, "my machine has had a bad
break and I would like to know if you have such a
thing as a monkey-wrench about here?' The Hwerin
looked at the uutomobllist with greater curiosity
than ever, and then laughed. He had met sobm
strange folks and heard mmm odd things since he
had come to America, but this was the worst'
"Monkey-wranch?" he asked sarcastically. "I got
a sheep ranch and m\ cousin Ole he not a cow
ranch, .in i Mneiter Ftrgufon h.» ban. have wan pis
ran. li. but I tank anr..v«van t^a.i iuvnk«y ranch In
Nord XJSitPla ban wan foul!" • • „ ** •«■
RISE OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE XTIITTH
CENTURY.
THE AMERICAS AMHAS,
From Th? London Tribune. August 3. IC-M
In delightful weather the ' summer »**""*,?;
Extensions Students was opened at < uibridr
yesterday, when the number presenting them*
was larger than had been expected. mt th _ o- -»»
The formal Inauguration took place »*«"■ p* I ?*'*
House, the floor of which was fully <*«inied. "£
naileries were well tenanted The event of the lay
was the delivery of a lecture by Mr. »'£>••*
Reid, the American Ambassador, on The Rise or
the ITnlted States of America »nd the T»ndeiiol«i
of Its Development." Mr. Reid arrived *"«£ *°™-
pany of the Master of Trinity, who * a "«'P"3* t n h l ;
in X the Vice-chancellor, the Bishop of ">• ■»* the
Mayor of Cambrldse. and among others present on
the platform were ,he Master of MaaJaW
fes««)r Btanton. l'rofe»«or Macalister. rrofMssr
Bradbury. Dr. Al»n Gray. Dr. Courtney K^nney.
Dr. D. aiacallster. Dr. K*ynes. Dr. Breul. Dr.
Stokf ? and the Rev. D. H. S. Cranage.
Tim Master of Trinity. in the name of the^Vlce
ih^ncellor and th* university, gave » **'?'.,"„'? hv
welcome to tho«e who had honored »mhrn'«e n>
coming up to take part in their university ex
tension movement. He rejoiced to be '"formed
that very many of their vls'tors came to them
from rbroad- from almost all the leading
countries in th" world The subject selected for
their study and reflection was the various aspects
of the eighteenth century, or. speaking more ac
curately, the hundred years or so from the thn* or
Willlnin 111 to the breaking out of the great V rench
Revolution, and among the leading events of , that
period the intelligence of mankind wouM mestwr.
tfiinly select the rise of the great Republic in
A Af r the close of the address the Bishop of Ely
moved a vote of tbark* to Mr. Reid for his ad
dreps. the subject of which, he paw. was an event
that had shaped and would increasingly shape the
destinies of "he world. That the American Am
bassador should have found, or. perhaps, and more
probably, should have created, the l^l""re to ™ m :
fose and deliver th lecture made that historical
Cf The° Kr^iSibrMa, (Mr. rmrnf rd> sec
of the town. H- s-,kl they had heard In t^ »»t rlnee
nssertion« that hi^torv was S s^leno" and nornir*
more. He thought it was a sounder ™' l ° T £\ f?he
the historian a* one who duty it was to K«*ep me
past alive. That duty Mr Reid had tactfully and
admirably performed that day.
i MR. REID'S ' ADDRESS.
The address wan as follows:
' • in discharging the duty with which Itaw
boon honored for th* opening of the Present
course of Cambridge lectures. 1 ■*»««»»«*»
speak to you as briefly as may be on the great
i est fact in modern history, th" rise and develop
' mom of the T'nited States. ,
Neither George Tanning nor. his King eaiiea
this. Now World Into being, and it was not called
I into being by anybody for the purpose cf re
dressing the balance of the Old. As to its most
significant and for a lon* time its leading 3r
tlements. it was called into being by Charts
I when he pursued Separatists. Nonconformists
and others In the professed interest of the
! Church of England. Its growth was checked by
' the rise of Oliver Cromwell; and while the pro
i tectorate lasted the Puritan emigration ceased.
I Charles II revived it. and he and his brother
| James, by their treatment of the Puritans in
! England and the Covenanters In Scotland, did
! more than any other human power to make
New England and other large sections of the
United States what they are.
Tudors and Stuarts alike, whatever their In
tentions, were helpful to the infancy of the new
nation, and there- is fitness in its possessing en
during monuments to commemorate them. Vir
ginia, Maryland, the Carolina?. Jamestown and
James River. -• — : - •
■ At the beginning of this period, say at the
I opening of the seventeenth century, and near
■ the close of Queen Elizabeth's long reign, all
England was much less than London is now.
' The total population of England was a little
i over four millions, and what is now far the
greatest city in the world had then possibly a
i quarter of a million within its limits. A rapid
j Increase was prevented. In fact a material de
! crease had been caused, by the enormous death
| rate, due to epidemics which science had not
■ learned to control, to unhealthful surroundings,
I to constant wars and to a deplorable waste of
I human life In the ordinary administration of
i justice. Between 1592 and 166T» London had
j eight visitations of the plague. The sweating
j sickness and the smallpox were almost equally
' dreaded and equally uncontrollable. The un
| sanitary habits of the people were extraordi
; nary. Even the King:, for whom the first set
: tlement in Virginia was named, according: to the
\ declaration of James Balfonr. never washed his
! hands. Prisoners were tortured, robbers were
, hung, witches and religious men whose ortho
doxy was not our doxy were burned. For triv-
I ial offences men and women were whipped or
j set in the stocks, or nailed by their ears to the
' pillory. Witchcraft was so firmly embedded In
j the faith of the people that the greatest legal
j writer of his time. Sir William Blarkstone. said
; as late as when the American colonies were on
I the point of revolting that every nation to the
i world had borne testimony to It. and that to
• deny It was to deny the revealed word of God.
This Is, of course, not a fair picture of the
England from which the colonists went out.
though some of Its noticeable features are ac
curately portrayed. You can faintly conceive
, the limitations of the England of that day.
how little It was like the present world, when
; you add that It knew nothing of the circulation
of the bjood, of vaccination, of gravitation, of
the velocity of light, of illumination by petro
: leum, gas or electricity, of communication by
fast or cheap mails, of the telegraph or the
! telephone; that It had no newspapers and that
Its book* were few and dear.
Yet this England had Magma Charta and
I parliamentary government: had greater and
| better secured personal liberties than any other
j country in Europe, and was more jealously
, watchful of them; had en Inbred respect for
j law and for its officers, and. in spite of a de-
I gree of illiteracy that seems now surprising:.
j probably led Europe also In diffused intelli
; gence and in a reasoning devotion to religion.
! In the gallery of England's immortals Milton
| was soon to be added to Shakespeare, and the
i nation was rapidly approaching the great
; contest in which religious zeal and a passion
| for i ivil liberty in an almost e:|iial co-opera
tion were to precipitate a revolution and cxc
i cute a kins.
Meantime, the land in which the new nation
was to spring up. a land of rivers and lakes and
unbroken forests, be-
THE NEW WORLD vend the Atlantic, lay
AND ITS COLONISTS, palpitating with wild
life under summer
suns or blanketed un«l«r winter snows, practi
cally unpeopled. Th:- first, feeble colony arrive.!
at Jamestown seven yean after the opening of
the century: the little company borne by the
Mayflower to Plymouth Rock thirteen years
r;fter that. The only inhabitants at the beginning
■ of the seventeenth century were the mysteri
ous aborigines, whoso origin] languages and < u
t^-is vfre alike unknown, whose trails through
■ the forest were trie only roads, whose patches of
Indian corn were the only agriculture, whose
clusters of wigwams were the only cities. Be
tween the Great Lakes and the Gulf from the
Atlantic to the Ailechanles, there were in all
I less than 200.000 of them, In limit- which now
I icntain the second city in the world, seventeen
great states, and a total population of over
thirty millions.
At .he beginning of another century, the eigh
teenth, this new world had started Into full life
among the forests. Scattered and still feeble
< o!oi i»'s. controlled a\d mainly peopled by Great
Britain. lay In Isolated settlements along the
■ Atlantic Co-ist from Massachusetts to the Gulf
of Mexico, and at several points were spreading
: westward towar.l the AHesjhanles ity this time
they had come to Include ■ sprinkling of several
Northern races— soon to melt wonderfully Into
iii« Anglo-Saxon mould, mid to ronounce ether
i allegiance in order to seek the privileges of
British .<ubj<»i is. There were Dutch in New
York — in lad. New York was for about half a
1 ier.tury a Dutch city. There were Swedes in
Delaware and Germans In Pennsylvania, ami to
1 these were added the best France had to give In
v >'-. Iderabk influx of ih,» persecute.! and cx
:'•■ i Hii?uem There were many sects, too.
i !'. i i"> -. ili 1 ii. i melt so readily Into one mould.
'" •■■ •• l'uriuir.s In most ••: New England,
>:. M t>t.- in Rhv.de Island, : •.., liana In New
\'<\ and Virgin!; . Presbyterians | ; - Sow Jersey
; ami ;■• t~>i*al!n.isj Quakers nd Lutherans la
Pti -.: ylvar.ia. ..... Catholics i.i Maryland. All
cf them ; •'■ -i- •< oii freedom t:» enjoy their i w:»
: -?1I.tI ■»:»-.- nmny ♦>: ■„,,:■. ■.?>••• t> an unili
habUcd icuntiy i<:- i!ml purple — but nol .>ll
1 v.c:.' i party to io!;int" c-ther people's religion.
At times there had ha i: <■ <:: t ; to iiin»ve u:>"n
tUc-.n the Established Church of England, but u»
this they thought consent Itnposslble. Religion
; a::d education they fostered alike. The church
! and the schoolhouse went with every fresh
■ pioneer settlement. Hut many of them left Kng
\ land to escape bishops, others to escape the rul
ing classes, and in their new homes they would
| submit neither to a prelacy nor to a nobility.
: They demanded the right of the English born to
! participate In the Kov«rnment. but they were not
l ready to have everybody to share It with them.
i In the early days of New England none but
! church members could vote or hold ofilce. As
: late as 1679. hardly one grown man In Massa-
I chusctts out of five could vote. Cotton de
nounced democracy, thinking, no doubt, with
' Montesquieu, that liberty may be least safe un
1 der a rule of the mere majority: nobody dreamed
{ of letttesr Indians or Negroes vote; till lone after
.//>o/v .ir r .iMn/m HrF
the Revolution a considerable property „,„,,
cation was required from erery Voter"* qual^-
In one way or another they were mvi
ofllcers from England, and they hrrvn-K. l"-'l "-'
them the genera! body of English law pi*. ***
had organized parliamentary Rovernrnen*^ 7
most of the colonies on the Engli* *"! *
with more exact representation end n£dEri£ a>
ten constitutional arrangprr.ents nor. **
than England had ever employed They 1 **
to England for protection. spoke of it haK*^*
as home and held themselves under ft. 11 * 117
thorlty; yet they already exercised I*J+
measure of local "olf-government. rlgVlv
sideml this a MM wJlj of their r*™. .iS*'
lion and peculiar perils, and regard ' ' 7"*"
frtngement upon It with even mo .j,,/ '?"
historical An?|r.-saxon Jealousy/ '"* n tin
The old ideas of hlir-d loyalty to th» ♦».
had been shaken, first by the Puritan "**
against Charles,, and later by th*> «. P osftEr' ! l
James. They had twice j.»e n PariSm. .cf
aside a king, and It was. only a iSj trn*. «
to the belief that not th* king hut thViJ*!*
sentatlves ••h.».«-,i by the p~>pl* -'is? »t**
be. in the end. the controlling pnw'«r of »h« J 1
From that again the distant r-olonl«X f.«mf*'
only a step further to th" bei|«f that iJTrL
remote isolation they shnuJd «-hoos* thMr
representatives instead of submitting to th* *?
by representatives chosen barJc i R En*!an*V!!
English purposes. Thus early had the "jin»2
of Parlinments" taught the sons of Great Brtt*?
beyond seas to better her Instructions. nn * aEI
And yet a personal s«»ns*> of loyaYtv ♦*» tfc.
sovereign remained down to Ins vary ontLt
t*ir Revolution often as strong In Amerlra
In England. sometimes stronger and ■•n^ln.
more dislnt-resf^d. Ronjamin Franklin »—
privately In 17*:* to his friends at ho-^5
George 111 as "the t^sf monaroh any buL.
was ever blessed with." Tn IT>?> xph<?a fcT*.'^
to report the refusal by th» Hn U <;» of ''^t-TJj?
to r»m>a| offensive customs duties. h» n»3
even stronger language: " '""•
"I hope nothing that h.-*.«» happsnH ©- «*,.
happen will dimiriish In th<» l«^t our j-_2
to r.ur sovereign or affe.tio n for 'iisnattaßta
general. I ran scarcely ronceiye a king of h#»
for disposit!' ns. or -nor» exemplary virtues „!
more truly A**:- of pr»)motfnsr the Trel!k-» •
all his subjects. The body of thi* bsssbTlbi
is of a noble and generous nature, loving MJM J
honoring the spirit of liberty, and hatin? ».m
trary p.«w»r of all sorts. W- h%T« many verr
many friends «mong fhem ."* " * '
Seven yearn later came th«» bitter •> — trnnasl
of the same sovereign in fh» T>*( lararion of Z.
dependence, and the richest posresa'nn «• »sl
English crown was lost for ever. ***
From the outset the colonists were thrtrr» e
their own resources in a wild continent as)
among savage people. The survival of ft,
fittest made them a picked body, a r«al vmm
d'ellte. Their faculties wer» inickened byneccs.
sity. by danger and by climate. The lonely !"»
and the necessity for iulck decisions. o ft € ,
without much opportunity for consultation, Is
to a marked personal independence, an „_
ready resourcefulness ami an absohit« fri^dna
of individual Initiative, which speedily bacaas
general charaefpristfes.
But at the beginning of the eighteenth cottar*
their opinions and their traits had not ■work**
out to the logical conclusion. With all their
personal independence the colonists neT?r
dreamed of standing alone; with all their ft»
personal initiative 'hey still looked implicitly to
the Mother Country for guidance.
The growth of these colonies, which for s test
time was slow, painful and intermittent, had of
late become more rapid. Their population ins
only about 200,000 when Jam#? n was deposed
and William and Mary came to th* throne. A
quarter of a century later, when the haras of
Hanover came In -with the accession of Geori* L
the tables compiled for the Board of Trade, si-.
Ins; In detail the whites and Vesrroes in tits "col
onies, showed an aggregate of 434.MA. Th»
number had thus more than doubled In th»
next half century this again was trebled. By
1754. when the movements for raxing; America
were about to begin, thAi"» were 1.153.000 wilt's
and 253.000 Negroes: say. in round aanesn\
nearly a million and a half.
The England which after a variable, tat on
the whole not unmotherly, care of the eotaatak
was now to enter upon that as> I
ENGLAND IX happy experiment of taxsrJua.
THE XVIIITH presented almost as stzonf a
CENTT'RY. contrast to the EaajksM to
have seen in the closing fey*
of Elisabeth &s did the thirteen cotadaf a?
1754 to the New World before Jamostnws
and Plymouth. In numbers it had grown fcoa
four millions to perhaps tan. In government
It had passed from Essex to Newcastle and
Bute. Landmarks on that Ion? road wevsacnt
war, a Commonwealth, a restoration, mon £*•
content, a deposition, with choice of a new iot
erelsrn from abroad, end enormously increased
power In Parliament. And now at last another
royalist reaction, with revival of old jt-r aft
ttves through parliamentary methods by far>
chased majorities, was to precipitate • era* b
the American possessions. Meantime. &a na
tion had enjoyed an enormous extension of oon
merce. beginning with the revolution In IML hat
prospered on colonial trade, had won glory in
foreign wars. Of Its entire exports, one-ftwrti
was taken by Its colonies in America: under ta»
inspiring guidance of Chatham England wss
rapidly coming to the front In both henuspkssm
and this political leadership among the nations
was followed by a sudden and snornaas to*
crease In national wealth.
But In the attempt now to begin for atrsMttay,
the power of the crown in the colonies one ££?
was forgotten. While the people that eleaM
their sovereign by Parliament had tens ■**>
their own representatives supreme, turn wsUsrf
that Americans could learn the lesson. B
scarcely entered many English minds that t£e»
dependent poor relations might in their toa
demand an equal authority for their r*presss»
lives Ministers at this date were Indeed car.
ously Ignorant of the colonies. Distance, tost
tention and misinformation co-operated to si>
duce political blindness. An acute English MS*
torian. explaining how subservient and pw**"
diced English officials in America misled
sovereign, said that In fact 'his own Guieflis*
by their reports to him, wrote King GeotßSO*
of America." To them, and so easily snoaasS
him. it seemed a natural thing that the cafcalSs
should be content to buy everything frora **f
land— unreasonable that they should wast •
manufacture things for themselves; a nstter c.
course that they should accept feHerferenw-* o^
England in their domestic concerns, sad P*
English taxes— disloyal and rebellious that tIW
should hesitate.
And yet these uneasy colonists had gt»«B ssfce*
.li.l proof of their devotion. Unaided tBCT j^*
captured Louisburg. then the greatest * :S ~?
stronghold in America, for the 1 " 1 "* 0 *?!!
They had responded to Pitt's call*. irrrolvtn?co£
men and money, far beyond reasonable x »*l,
ti<»ns. Nearly two -thirds of Abercrombie's Rry
on Lake George had been sent from New tug'*^
New York and New Jersey. Another y«ST *^J
nectleul had five thousand men under ■'■JL
support the British campaign. and MsSSJf^
setts seven thousand. When disasters caxr» *£
feeble colonists strained afresh their "^J^v!
Massachusetts sent out on« in six of a!I I n^— .
habitants capable of bearing arms, asa V^
necticut an equal or even greater propw^J
While the war lasted that expelled the B| gL
from the Great I^ak-s and from the Onto,*
Jersey taxed h»r» . at the rate of a P°~^|
head for every Inhabitant. Massachusetts M l **
on personal Incomes nt the rats of thirtees,
ling«« and fourpence to the pound, besides I
taxes, poll taxes and even colonial atamPj^j
Connecticut, though feebler in resources. **»-„ |
whit behind. With such warmth *'' * itt^et
nists support the great sympathetic Minister
the crown, while he rescue* l Tennessee, i^r
Ran ami the country of the Great vu * < "*_^
quered the \V» st and conquered I'anaJa. &
might not have happened had Chatham
remained In power? jb«|bl
At this period the colonies ha.i been "* —^*
in America for about a century and » =•£
England might well JSlt.
COLONISTS TO taken pride in the «•"
BE PROUD OF. for the race that had SP*^
up ami.l the trials or g.
•.v stern wlMerness, though dtfferent fr J*|"L-^
race at home, had lost few of its *"lS3sl
virtues and had found others. The '\~ b ij.
were In the main curiously orderly and n***
ing. They were tctnrerat*. moral, general. >
tlßioui. The world had never asm such v -^.
scattered* rural communities; with a mow '*
till «liffurion ol bitcUlgence and n srr:': ' *>r.
«?iuas«» of Illiteracy. Everybody worked ana -
Joyed the fruits of b!-« l«»>i>r-there were '.Uatw
and rur.iparatlvely few poor. There was a '^.jn
approach to equality of opportunltj '***" , a 'j;t?
countries «-<»ul<i snow, art! to personal
when the opportunity had been wisely v. t, ar t i»
Theie was no governinK class; all tooK hM*|
the government, and the man who naa . )t |
vailed to the public service at the <?na **j
dropped back naturally Into his ilo**ll^-^!i 10 ** 11^-^!
Instead of making laws might again be **"%&
shoes. There were no palaces, but » a *"-L |»s|
the frontier settlements* there were very t6 »
hovels: and according to the standard*" »■
times the mass of the population was pro«" l - ,
comfortably housed as In England, and ate l
ter surroundings, though often tn u "^sr|
dwellings of wood. The proportion of c°Pf* r?P
able landholders to mere householders f**.^
urally larger than In older communities -;y ■
life was everywhere simple, but not «*»» 1