New-York tribune. [volume], June 17, 1908, Page 4, Image 4

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4
BURROWS ON REPUBLICAN ACHIEVEMENTS
— ) /
UNEXAMPLED RECORD MADE BY THE PARTY—
GREAT IXTERESTS WORTHILY SUBSERVED.
! Chicago. June 16. Senator Julius C Burrows, of
i MirMpm, temporary chairman of the Republican
*«ouveritloa. spoke me follows:
Mr Chairman and Gentlemen of th- CcwrenUon
'Another chapter in our national history under ( Re
i rublJcan administration is soon to be A "»"h^"
'End. conforming to party usa^ long «"*"shed ;
! this convention of nine hundred and ''PVrl ■-
• rates and their alternates, chosen b >' * h ho% ooo VV r ,tory
: fTcan electorate from -very Ftat- an * T *° i II lUth?,I U t h?,
Within the confines of the K^rubUc. meet^n th.,
-WS-h council to submit the 7*? rd .«f J « £ pV£p]«
2nd make fre*h mMI of Ita faith n the prin, ,
•^f^KeSf SNB^S? Sn^utlon . r iv
provfdedihat all governmental power be
lodeed with and retained by the P^fo administer
their chosen representative «'«*«* ".^jXinth
the affair* of sbou M esie^
only a limited tenure of « ffic! ?V -Vrount of their
and stated periods render anaTcou 0 the eri
Ftews-ashir to tn-ir riehtfnl r<^ r r through
■Satw ThfwJor^RnnfPvrtt and Charles W. Fair
fank' who»w alerted and the platform "«*««*
cf thirty two Ft3tep out of the fort>-n\e, -nun
lhlriM in oppoFition.
WHAT THE REFT-ET.irAN- PARTT HAP POKE.
in ateer at (Wa latoKJimH H becomes r-'-rtl™" 11 *
fe. -as
Crr':.. , ■- The par'v and the com
" ItF capantv for future administration? Al-
BSE SSSassSsSsS
Sot of tb? BrpnWirar. party during the low? years
of Its a^erfdencv and administration of national
gff aj : f iH i,i T hr. foundation for tbe public weal so
SSffriv that no disauieting condition, not even a
TSir^rarv panic which necessarily touches tho
xn'Snsprlnp of all Industrial life, could arrest tho
■a*?* eßepuWicane RepuWican National Convention.
ffinrwrs airo our population has Increased from
MWtaiu."*"*'". while 4.«*.«» of immigrants
from eve£ Quarter of the globe have found l«el-
SSS* tn our shores and protection under our nag
r> irinr the I c t four • ITB our flock? and herd?
havi.nc4.-rii iStee M CMS.™.™ to IUII.
*ThX''val of M farm product* from J5.917.000.M0
t0 The 4l outpu?of coal from 314.0™, C* tons to 420.000.
2? SSrra war ™fe^
F Smm Of JIS.OftO.OW.-
Sito ISffi an increase of !««.«».«» in four years.
Two m hions of spindles in our cotton mills were
add'd.^nd the domestic cotton used In , our fartn
ries in 19^7 amounted to over s.«v>,oftt bales, as
m £r££<!n^f *ra^V to supply our mm*
increased from a little over 15£»,<W pounds In «B
to iearlv 19 «v>.<vx> pounds in ISOT.
In^ste of the disquieting conditions j^dent to
the reputation of rates on interstate ""roads. ».OTB
miles of new trackage, have been added In the last
of vessels passlnr through the Sault
fte Marie Canal has increased from 25,00,000 m
3^rr orV^ron. the barometer of trade
-r, ivr was &78155 tons, a? against a little over
isrk,m tons in I*3. and our export* of iron < and
££ increased from «».««.«• in 1903 to *lEl^3l.ttW
ln The" cotton fabrics wrought in American miUs
bit our domestic fibre consumed in :IMB: 1MB 8.P.4 mo
MOT they required "T^ £ m si"
r MtporU of manufactures advanced lr. .in HM.
fl in 1908 to JT«O.«0O.«» in WT7. . ,_^.
mDorte of raw material for use in domeMt
„£ -cre^^ from m».<No.m In *
S^«BT..aw in 1907 while our export* in the calendar
wJar'of lW; w«r« nearly 52.000.000.000. an Increase of
SO per cent over those of four years a so.
Tltae mills and factories temporarily closed bj
reason of financial disturbances are rapidly resum
ing operations, calling labor hack to profitable em-
P ThifrVcord of nrterlai activity to field and l forest
Maty and farm, mines and mills during; the last
lour years mipht be Indefinitely extended, but this
is quite sufficient to show the development and
robust condition of our industrial life.
AN I'NEXAMPLED RECORD.
The nine creat executive d«partnenU of the gov
ernment, through -which the head of the nation
speaks and acts, have advanced with . rteady and
MSOlttte steps within the Fph«>re of their activities,
"□resenting a record of achievements during tho
last four years of intelligent and progressive ad
ministration unexampled in the history of the
The Apri<*ultural Department hap continued its
•work' in promoting the interest of the fanners by
diversifying their products, supply ing new and
valuable seeds and plants especially adapted to
our climate and soil, eradicating diseases which
lc'est and destroy animal and vegetable life. ,]*
veloplnE the beet sugar industry from 4 r '. ''«'"'• ">
4fi».f'o<°i tons, valued .it $<3.«0f'.0OO; *- n forrefl the
pa*-* food law. pnhancln* the value of fan prod
ucts fonserv-inc the health of all OUT people; dis
tributed durinc the rear 1907 nearly ]..<»>\V'«'' bul-
Ktnf provided for over two thousand Fei<rntif=t> 't,
KHitier information for »he benefit or agriculture;
protected our forest reserves from the ravages <-r
fir*; converted the arid lands and waste places into
f.< r -_ . fields and blossoming gardens; extended our
lirodu<-inc ares for grain? ' westward Into the dry
r# .. -. so that nearly SO •'• *» bushels a year sp
beine ktowi m recions which have heretofore been
•unpr"ou<-tive. and in every way possible conserv
ing the natural resources of the country for our
aSvem and the generations to come after us.
The Department of Commerce and Labor, or
c»ri'l»d in "*". has been active and potential in e?;
"endinc our oomm«rce and protecting- our labor. It
has d!spaf-h<-d messengers to foreign countries.
■partirularly to South America arid the Orient, to
le*rn the needs snd tastne of the people with a
view of irj«-r<-asin? our trade. The exports, which
Jn iof- agfrepated $L 592.000.000, will. It Is estimated,
in 150? arrr'irate s>^ut $I.?MO.<W>.«». Rowing an In-
Bulletin.
TRAINS FOR RETURNING COLLEGIANS.
The Pennsylvania Railroad's through train service to the West must appeal
to the home-goW graduate, Tinder-fnraduateP, and post-graduates from the uni
versities. coUeges, and schools of the East
Its matchless roadbed, its complete protective equipment, and the high-grade
appointments of its trains make it the way of ease and elegance.
The "Limited*" offer every essential of comfort and convenience that a dis
criminating taste ucrrands. and many of the little luxuries of life are not over
looked in their appointments. Their drawing-rooms, compartments, and the ob
servation parlor, are particularly adapted to the « of "chums" while the indi
vidual man flail in the parlor smoking car all the conveniences of the club. The
boyf naturally gravitate to the limited trains; the girls will- find every comfort and
safeguard, a? well as a maid at their command.
The "Pennsylvania Special/ leaving New York m the afternoon, is the quick
train to the W«t-«ghte« hours to Chicago. "The Pennsylvania Limited,"
leaving m the morning. ■ a little less rapid in speed but of the same higb-grad«
in x otier respects.' The "Chicago Limited," leaving at 4.55 P. M., is a train of '
high repute.
The "Si. Lome Limited," leaving in the afternoon, is the finest train as well
as the quickest to the Southwest.
No matter whither bound it is wise to consult a Pennsylvania Railroad
Ticket Agent aa to trains and rates. He can .start you right; the rest trill be
nzsy
crease practically to every country. Its bureau
of statistics has established a system of recording
tie internal commerce of the country on the Great
Lake", and at important interior centres. Its bu
reau of manufactures has brought about more inti
mate relations between the manufacturers of the
United States and buyers abroad, and by bringing
purchasers into closer touch with dealers aided in
the extension of foreign markets for our manu-
It has "co-operated in the beneficent work of arbi
tration to avert or terminate strikes and promote
the interests of our laboring people. Congress has
wisely co-operated with and supplemented the work
of this department by enacting a law for the better
protection of seamen and to prevent their being
induced to chip through false representation?, It
has provided for an investigation into the conditions
of working women and children: it has amended
and strengthened the law to prevent the Importa
tion of contract labor and provided a plan for the
further exclusion of that class of Asiatic immigra
tion which enters into competition with American
workmen It has enacted a law limiting: the hours
of labor of employes engaged in railway train ser
vice and of railway telegraphers.
The Congress fast closed re-enacted the law
passed by the 69th Congress to conform to
the opinion of th« Supreme Court, making com
mon carriers liable for accidents to their em
ployes engaged in Interstate commerce. It has
enacted a law for the further protection of the
life of railroad employes in their hazardous em
ployment. It has provided compensation for la
borers and mechanics who may be. Injured in the
service of the government and making a provision
tor their families in the event of their being killed
in the course of their employment. It has enacted
a model child labor law for the District of Colum
bia. It has directed a thorough investigation into
the working conditions of the employes of the
telegraph and telephone companies doing inter
state business, and in response to the urgent ap
peal from both capital and labor. Congress, before
its adjournment, appropriated $150,000 for an In
vestigation into the cause of mine accidents, with
a view of promoting the safety of workers in our
mlnes.
CARE AT ; INTERESTS OF WAGE EARNERS.
It is within bounds to say that no previous ses
sions of Congress have displayed a more active or
intelligent interest in the needs of the- wage earn
ers than the last three sessions nor ha? there
heretofore in the same length of time been as
much important and progressive legislation m the
Interests of this class of our fellow citizens
The work of the Department of M*.™"**;.***
been prosecuted under the present administi ation
with intelligence and vigor. During he last >ear
over two million acres of coal If^! „*?*%, been
restored to the public domain. During the last
five veare fences unlawfully closing public lands
have" been removed from 3.519.533 acres, and steps
are now being taken to remove from such in
"HMsfj^Vnit 17L047 original homestead and
de^T^ind'entri^ha^e been ™^™Xv<ll the
■ii '
mmmm
■HP
■mi
-L Sf tadmlnit admlni : Trati« L , during the uAto£^« \
since thn bureau was established. nearl> four nun
SSST thousand having been issued during the last
l§liiil
sSsS. sSsffiSa? «?"«
li^lnTlhr Itast>^S-SS:1 tast >^S - SS: the Postofflc* De-
AvrU 1908 free rural delivery was In operation
on 39.nsT routes from 16.303 Mtlfflosj;'
Til ete rural service has been established in 113
Unties saving $9.E>r t O.OOO in the '"continuance
of poMoffices. and in every way ****)>}"* ™
KitJSr«KB of the free delivery system to our rural
aid thuS promoting the happiness and
contentment of the people.
TO RE-ESTABLISH A MERCHANT MARINE.
It is to be regretted that a. measure to provide
for the rarrving of our mails to the Orient and
South American countries. in American ships
should have failed, but its passage in the near
future is confidently expected. The confession of
Secretary Root upon his return from the boutli
American countries that "During the last summer
I entered all the great ports of the southern con
tinent and I saw only one ship besides the cruiser
that carried m» flying the American flag."
"In the year ending June 30. I9QS, there entered
the port of Rio de Janeiro steamers and sailing
vessels. 120 flying the flag of Austria- Hungary. 14
of Norway. 1<55 of Italy, 1 "* of Argentina, 319 of
France. 6Tj7 of Germany, 1.755 of Great Britain, and
only 2 steamers and 7 sailing vessels from th«
United States. 2 of which were In distress. Not ore
American steamship runs to & South American port
beyond the Caribbean." .___,
Secretary Root concludes: "This woful deficiency
in the means to carry on and enlarge our South
American trade, is but a part of the general de
cline and feebleness of the American merchant ma
rine, which has reduced us from carrying over 90
per cent of our export trade In our own ships to
the carriage of <* per cent of that trade and de
pendence upon foreign ship owners for the car
riage of 91 per cent
This umillating condition should stimulate the.
American people to renewed and determined effort
to jf-pstablifh a merchant marine, until we are
able to carry American mails and American mer
chandise under the American flag to every port of
- "he work of reorganizing and promoting the effl-
The work of reorganizing and promoting the elf
ciencv of the army has cone steadily forward until
we have a military force not only sufficient to main
tain peace within our own borders, but capable of
resisting any possible force that could be sent
azainst°uß. "Th« establishment of a general staff
of the army ha* made action by it more prompt
and effective than ever before and has served to
Pive to the policy of improvement in m army a
uermanent character.
P The educational training of officers of the army
after graduation gives to our officers a higher train
ing in military science and the practical n<=eds of
NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE. WEDNESDAY, JUNE^^im
actual war than the officers of any other army.
By the division of the artillery corps into the field
and coast artillery the army has been separated
into two branches— the mobile army and that part
needed for the maintenance of the coast defences.
Work upon the coast defences has proceeded botn
upon the mainland and in the dependencies upon a
well devised scheme for their completion. The
timo Is near nt hand when we can rest secure that
both our mainland coast and our dependencies
will be, proof against the sudden capture of any
seaport in which the nation's flag is flying.
Most Important progress has been made In the
development of the national militia as an aid to
the regular army of the United States. By well
directed legislation and by the activity of the
proper bureaus of the War Department, for the
first time, in the history of the country adequate
steps pre being taken to bring about an approxima
tion of armament, equipment and discipline of the
militia to those of the regular army. The impor
tance of this development for national defence can
not be overestimated.
The medical department has rendered most val
uable service in stamping out yellow fever, without
■which It would have been impossible to construct
the Panama Canal. The army has aided the
stricken people of San Francisco, saving them from
starvation and death due to the earthquake and fir«
with which that city was visited.
Another and most remarkable Instance of the
efficiency of the army has been the work done by
it during the year of Its stay in Cuba, as a force
for the maintenance of the tranqullizatlon of that
Island. Not a single report of any abuse by officer
or man has reached the department during the en
tire time.
OUR OUTLYING POSSESSIONS.
The management of our outlying possessions un
der Republican administration has been attena?4
with remarkable success. Under American occupa
tion an.l control the commerce of the island of
Porto Rico, which in the most prosperous days of
Spanish rule aggregate.! but $22,000,000. was. in 1907,
$sfi.ooo,of>o. The production of sugar has advanced
from 100,000 tons to 204,000 tons, valued at $15,000,00.
When we took possession of the island there was
but one school building owned by the government.
Now there are more than eighty, built and under
construction, and the number of pupils in the pub
lic schools is 70,000. Peace and order prevail
throughout the Island, and a representative is ac
corded to the United States.
In the Philippine Islands the people, have been
given a legislative body, the full power of conduct
ing their own municipal and provincial govern
ments, the establishment of their own tariff sys
tem, the direction of the postal service and. indeed,
greater rights and powers than those possessed
by any other people subject to our sovereignty.
A sound and reliable currency system has been
established, schools so enlarged that the number of
primary schools now aggregate between 3,000 and
4.000, with a total enrolment in March last of 479,
978. Postofflces have, been established throughout the
archipelago and a free delivery service in the city
of Manila, practically 10,000 miles of telegraph and
cable lines are In operation, and several hundred
miles of new railway are under construction or
contract, while less than 10 per cent of the govern
ment employes and municipal offices are Amer
icans, and of the police and constabulary force 98
per cent are Filipinos.
The work of civilizing and uplifting the Inhabi
tants of the Philippine Islands has gone forward
with remarkable progress. The President of the
united States aptly summarizes the whole. matter
ss follows:
"No great civilized power has ever managed
with such wisdom and disinterestedness the affairs
Of a people committed by the accident of war to
Its lianas, if we had followed the advice of the
misguided persons who wished to turn the Islands
loose and let them suffer whatever fate might be
fall them, they would have already passed through
a period of complete and bloody chaos, and would
now undoubtedly be the possession of some other
power which there is every reason to believe would
not nave done as we have done— that is. would not
have striven to teach them how to govern them
selves or to have developed them, as we have de
veloped them, primarily in their own interests,
fcave only our attitude toward Cuba, I question
whether there is a brighter page in the annals of
international dealing between the strong and the
Th» h , an . th " rape wUeh tells of our doings in
"Peace prevails throughout the islands to-day in
a greater degree than ever in the history of the
Islands, either under Spanish or American rule.
and agriculture is nowhere now impeded by th«
fear on the part of the farmer of the incursion of
predatory bands. Under the policy already stated
inaugurated by the instructions of President Mc-
Kinley to Secretary Root, ln reference to the,
establishment of a temporary government in nhe
I hilippmes. a community consisting of seven mill
lon persons, inhabiting three hundred different
islands, many of whom were in open rebellion
against the government of the United States for
four years, with all the disturbances following
from robber and predatory bands, which broke out
from time to time, due to local causes, has been
brought to a state of profound peace and tran
quillity, in which the people as a whole are loyally
supporting the government In the maintenance of
order."
ORDER RESTORED IN CUBA.
The resignation of President Palma of the Re
public of Cuba and the failure of the Cuban Con
gress to elect a successor left that Island without
a government at a time when great disorder pre
vailed, and the President deemed It his duty to
establish a provisional government, restore order
and administer law and justice, but coupled with
the announcement that this action was prelimlnary
to the re-establishment of orderly government in
the island. The threatened insurrections were
averted, peace and good order restored, and the
development of production, transportation and
commerce resumed. Public order has been per
fectly kept, and at no time for a century has the
Island been so free from marauding bands a =
under American provisional administration. Local
and national elections are to be held, and the gov
ernment again turned over to the Cuban people.
Our navy has been strengthened until to-day we
hold a second place among the. naval powers in
the world, and our fleer of battleships rides tri
umphantly around the globe, receiving the friendly
salutations of the nations, conveying peace and
good will to all the people
The Department of Justice has prosecuted its
work with fidelity and diligence, peeking to prevent
violations of federal law and to mete out meritor
ious punishment to the. guilty. Its most Important
work during the last four years has been to defend
the soundness of the positions taken by It relating
to prosecutions under the Sherman anti-trust law
and the Interstate commerce law, by carrying pro
ceedings thus inaugurated through the various
courts and to a final determination by the Supremo
Court of the United States, that the constitution
ality of These acts might he adjudicated and settled.
The effort of the national government to Invoke
that, provision of the federal Constitution which
empowers Congress to regulate commerce with
foreign nations and "among the states presented
problems Of the greatest perplexity, the solution
of which has been attended with no little difficulty.
Without rehearsing the legislation enacted to cor
rect the evils nnd the work of enforcing these
statutes. it is gratifying to know that the. abuses
complained of are fast disappearing, and carrier
»nd shipper alike are co-operating in the enforce
ment of the law. and what at one time threatened
to be a protracted and acrimonious struggle. Is
fast assuming a peaceful solution.
The Interstate Commerce Commission, in It? last
annual report for 1907, says:
"It means much for the present and more for the
future that the principles of this law have trained
greatly in general understanding and acceptance
By railway managers almost without exception the
amended law has been accepted in good faith, and
they exhibit, for the most, part a sincere and earnest
disposition to conform their methods to its require
ments. To a gratifying extent there has been read
justment of rates and correction of abuses by the
carrier? themselves. Methods and usages of one
pott and another which operated to individual ii
vantage have been voluntarily changed, and it Is
not too much to say that there Is now a freedom
from forbidden discriminations which is actual and
general to a degree never before approached."
The commission further says:
"It Is In this general and marked improvement
In transportation conditions that the commission ob
served It? special gratification. The amended law.
with Its enforceable remedies, the wider recognition
of its fundamental justice, the quickened sense of
public obligation on the part of railroad managers,
the clearer perception of shippers of all classes
that any individual advantage. Is morally, as well
as legally. Indefensible, and the augmented in
fluence of the commission resulting from it? in
creased authority have all combined to materially
diminish offensive practices. of every sort and sig
nally promote the purposes for which th* law was
enacted. This results In the voluntary adjustment
by the parties, without resort to the commission.
of a vast number of compromise.-, which otherwise
would ripen Into complaint and litigation, while in
numerous Instances a settlement is effected by a
friendly intervention by the, commission through
correspondence or personal Interviews between the
shipper f>nd carrier directly concerned."
RAILROAD REGULATION EFFECTIVE.
The rulings of the commission are generally and
cheerfully accepted by th* carriers. The traffic of
ficials of the carriers have manifested to a com
mendable degree a disposition and willingness Co
fairly and carefully consider the merits of com
plaints thus called to their attention by the com
mission, and have voluntarily reduced their rates
and applied corrective measures in numerous casec
In a communication from one of the commis
sioners on the sth of the, present month the state
ment is made that "interstate transportation was
never so clean and free from unfair and unlawful
practices as at this moment. It may be that here
and there venturesome and reckless railroad of
ficials still Indulge in rebates or take, other meas
ures to eive special privileges to a favored shipper.
If so, they will be detected sooner or liter and
adequately punished, but among the great mass of
railroad officials there is an honest, and firm effort
to co-operate with the. commission in the observ
a nee or the law.
••Th* law has aUo commanded th* respect and
obedience of the shipper. From all the letters
which can be secured. I believe we are justified In
saying that this great and vexing question Is in
process of ultimate and just settlement, and that
under wise, patient action th* problem will finally
be solved " , . . „ .
"With malice toward non* and charity for all.
proceeding within constitutional lln*s, the desired
end will coon be attained to the benefit of the
carrier and shipper alike
The Republican party stands for a revision and
readjustment of our customs laws as changed in
dustrial conditions at horn* and abroad may have
made, necessary, keeping steadily in view the card!
nal principles of protection to American industries
and American labor. As evidence of Its gorvi
faith in this regard, th* national House of Repre
sentatives clothed under the Constitution with ex
clusive jurisdiction to "originate all bills for raising
revenue," on April 20 lust pasted, by formal resolu
tion authorized and directed Us Committee on
Way* find Means, the organ of th* Hone*, having
luriedicUoa of the question, "to Sit during the r«
cefs of Congress and to p:ith«r such Information,
through governmental gents and otherwise, as It
may see fit, looking toward »he preparation of a
Mil for the revision of the tariff."
Supplementing this action on th* part of the
House of Representatives and cooperating with
It the Senate, in the. exercise nt its conpt-ir-itional
Br«ro£fttivc to "1" uimsa or cencur with amend
ments as on other bills." on May 16 passed the fol
lowing resolution: •
"Resolved, That the Committee on Finance ax*
authorized, in connection with investigations here
tofore ordered by th« Senate, with the view of
promptly securing the information necessary for
an Intelligent revision of the customs laws of the
United States, to call to their assistance experts in
the executive departments of th« governments ana
to employ such other assistants as they shall re
quire, and they are especially directed to report
what further legislation is necessary to secure
equitable treatment for the agricultural and other
products of the United States in foreign countries,
and they shall also, in the consideration of changes
of rates, secure proof of the relative cost of pro
duction in this and in principal competing foreign
countries of the various articles affected by the
tariff upon which changes in rates of duty are. de
sirable."
These public declarations by Congress, upon the
eve of the election, give the, most solemn assurance
possible that the work will be speedily undertaken
and pressed to an early consummation.
TARIFF REVISION WITH PROTECTION".
In this connection It can be safely promised that
■whatever revision or readjustment takes place
under the control of the Republican party it will
give just and adequate protection to American in
dustries and American labor and defend the Ameri
can market against unjust and unequal aggres
sions from whatever quarter they come.
Our recent financial dir-turbance challenged the
soundness of our monetary condition and brought
to the fore the question of our banking and cur
rency system, the, consideration of which became
and continues to he a subject of pressing and com
manding importance. In the midst of unusual
prosperity, with 6.63S national banks under direct
supervision and control of the national - govern
ment, with a paid-up capital of over $900,000,000,
surplus and undivided profits of $750,000,000 and an
outstanding circulation of J63o.oo<V>oo, secured by
United States bonds, every dollar of which was
worth Its face in gold; with an unprecedented
holding of coin in the Treasury of the United States,
yet sudden paralysis seized the banks, national and
state, and they were either reluctant or unable to
respond to the ordinary and legitimate demands of
trade.
Consternation prevailed, confidence was shaken,
and nothing but tho prompt and heroic action of
the Secretary of the Treasury averted a widespread
and serious catastrophe. President Roosevelt well
said. In commending: the Secretary of the Treas
ury:
r'lr 'I congratulate you upon the admirable way in
which you have handled the present crisis. I con
gratulate also those conservative and substantial
business men who In this crisis have acted with
such wisdom and public spirit. By their action they
did invaluable service in checking the panic which,
beginning as a matter of speculation, was threaten
ing to destroy the confidence and credit necessary
to the conduct of legitimate business.
"No on* who considers calmly can question that
the underlying conditions which make up our finan
cial and Industrial wellbeing are essentially found
and honest. Dishonest dealing and speculative en
terprise are merely the occasional Incidents of our
real prosperity. The action taken by you and by
the business men in question has been of the ut
most consequence end has secured opportunity for
the calm consideration which must inevitably pro
duce, entire confidence In our business conditions."
That such a disturbance should have occurred
under such circumstances furnishes the strongest
evidence- that there is something inherently de
fective in the system Itself, which can only be
reached by a thorough overhauling. But this sys
tem, hastily Inaugurated by Secrs*ary Chase dur
ing the exigencies' of war. while confessedly de
fective in Its inability to respond at all times to
the varying and exacting demands of trade, yet
during the forty-five years of its existence, has
served a wise and beneficent purpose.
Under it the public credit was restored and ad
vanced until our bonds float at a lower rate of in
terest than those of any other nation. Under it
specie payments were resumed, the gold standard
established and maintained, and every paper dollar
Issued was made convertible Into coin. Under this
system questionable and worthless state bank is
sues were driven out of circulation, supplanted hjr a
national currency of unquestioned character and
stability.
While other countries have added to their bur
den of debt, with an increased rate of interest
thereon, this nation has paid off $1,434,000,000 of its
obligations, and the present administration has
lessened the volume of our indebtedness by $101.
341,62?, and in Its refunding operations has reduced
the annual interest charge from $30,371.4*3 to $21,
im.i.%.
During the period of the nation's existence, with
aggregate deposits of 000.000. 000. the. average
loss has been only one-half of 1 per cent.
WEAKNESS OF NATIONAL. BANK SYSTEM.
Th« national bank pvptem has served a beneficent
purpose in uplifting the credit Of the government;
in lessening the. burden of taxation; in securing a
sound and pafe currency, that floats at par in our
own country as well as in every commercial nation
in the world. It has developed the resources of the.
country, extended its industries, expanded Its trade,
and aided in keeping the pledge of 1898. that the
national debt should be as sacred as the soldiers'
j graves.
That, it has its weaknesses is freely admitted.
i The defects of the system have been recognized
' from the beginning by practically every Secretary
', of the Treasury, and while remedial changes have
' b«en njade as these defects have developed, yet
the one glaring fault, the want of elasticity, has
continued and remains. As early a? 1*73 the Hon.
George S. Bout well, the then Secretary of the
Treasury, directed attention to this defect as fol
lows .
The circulation of each bank is fixed arbitrarily
by a rule of law The aggregate circulation is.
therefore, a fixed turn, and consequently there is
practically no reserve to meet the Increased demand
for money due occasionally to extraordinary events
at home or a.broad. and arising periodically with
the incoming of the harvest. ... A degree of
flexibility In the volume of currency Is essential
tor two reasons: First, the business of the depart
ment cannot be transacted properly if a limit Is
fixed, and the power to raise the circulation, above
or reduce it below that limit Is denied. A rule of
this nature would compel the Secretary to accumu
late a large currency balance, and to hold It. as
otfcerw-ipe the credit of the government in meeting
the ordinary daily claims upon it would be at tho
m r cv of every serious business and political revul
sion In the United State*.
'•Secondly, there Is a necessity every autumn for
moving th* crops without delay from the South
and west to the seaboard that they may he In hand
for export and consumption as wanted. In th*
summer months funds accumulate nt the centres,
but the renewal of business in August and Septem
ber gives employment for large sums and leaves
little or nothing for forwarding the crops In Octo
ber and November. . . . The problem Is to find
a way of Increasing the currency for moving: the
crops and diminishing it » t one* when th^t work
Is done."
Secretary Wlndom. In i*v>. r"lt*r<jted the warn-
In*
"Id mv judgment the gravest defect In our pres
ent financial system is its lack of elasticity . .
The, demand for money in this country Is so irras
ular that an amount of circulation which will b*
ample durlnr ten month* of th« year will fre
quently prove bo deficient during the other two
months as to cause stringency and commercial dis
aster. Such stringency may occur without any
speculative manipulations of money, though, unfort
unately. It. in often Intensified by such manipula
tions.
"The crops of th» country have reached propor
tions so Immense that their movement to market.
In August and September, annually causes a dan
gerous absorption of money. The lack of a suffi
cient supply to meet th« Increased demand during
those months may entail heavy losses upon th«» ag
ricultural as well ha other business Interests
Though financial stringency may occur at «ny tlm*
and from many causes, yet nearly nil of the great
commercial crises m our history have occurred
during the months named, and unless some pro
vision b»» mads to me»t such contingencies in the
future like disasters may be confidently expected 4
Th* r»rent panic railed the attention of Con
gress to th* necessity of further legislation, and i.
measure has be»n passed providing for an emer
gency currency of $500,000,000 to r,. issued under
certain conditions and limitations, an authoriza
tion. It In believed, which will prevent th« recur
rence of any such disaster as befell the country
fir' \yr
stfriip „
last fall. Th* Secretary of ths Treasury has al
ready taken the necessary steps to give *ffect to
this legislation, and banking associations are al
ready farming to avail themselves of th« neneflu
of this act. It is doubtful If the Proton* of this
act will ever be invoked, as the ability puppiv
5500.000.000 additional currency whenever needed will
of itself have a tendeny to make its issuance un-
Tn S th a emean time, however, the By 111^"l«g
is not indifferent to the. necessity of a furth "r * 1 i
comprehensive revision of our m«n»tar> and bank
ing system, and to that end the Congress just
closed authorized the creation of a monetary comm
ission, composed of , m^ "w m
twc. houses of r-onsress. clothed *»?U^eariiaSt
ssst s sspsosvy£SSz
rencr. and for this purpose they axe *'} ""ll*? it
commission was created, and t*™"™ l ?'"^.
ssria assstars stfzs =
people.
STATE DEPARTMENT ACHIEVEMENTS.
iiiiilili
tive at the conference at Algeciras, -was a poient
factor in bringing about a P."* B"**8 "** X t h°>an-
The participation of the United States in tne r*n
American Conference at Rio de Janiero In August,
19^f and the visit of Secretary Root to tot confer-
B S^£^^ t sSL«^aWis^
v?raaJ "acclaim' put an end to the suspicion an*
distrust with which the growing power of th«
United States •was regarded by the tin- American
countries, and began a new era of friendship and
sympathy between all the American republic? This
whirls a t u h g e m Sst d f&JSSF&SLZ
O>tob?r lSOT? and by the visit of our fleet to tho
chief mkrifime republics of South Amarteaaadjnr
the enlarged and greater development of the wore
of the International Union of American B*pubUc*
for the dissemination of knowledge and ths f*°»f**
tlon of trade and friendly relations oetvaaa th*
different American countries, for which all the
fepublfcs £c now uniting in the erection of a splen
did building in the city of Washington defeated to
the peace and prosperity of all the Americas.
The United States and "Mexico have co-operated in
bringing about better conditions, which will put an
end to all discord and restore peace and Prosperity
In Central America. At the instance of the United
States and Mexico a peace conference of repre
sentatives Of all th» five Central American coun
tries was heM in Washington in November an.l
December. 1907. and at this conference, which was
attended by representatives of the United States
and Mexico, a series of treaties was made of tne
greatest practical Importance, among them being a
treaty which provides for a permanent international
court for the trial and decision of all questions
whatever arising between Central American coun
tries This court has just been inaugurated in
Cost! Rica. In this a long step has been taken in
the direction of prosperity and enduring peace in
Central America, and the United States has won
and receives the gratitude of the good and peaceful
citizens of all those countries.
The building of th» Panama Canal, th» most
i colossal undertaking of the century, the successful
completion of which is now assured, makes it more
important to the. United States than ever before
that there shall be no hostile control of the rout*
between either our great Atlantic and Pacific ports
and the isthmus. For that reason It Is of especial
Importance that the people inhabiting the islands
and shores of the Caribbean shall maintain inde
pendent, peaceful »nd prosperous governments. Th*
policy of the. United States to aid them in main
taining such governments has been prosecuted with
special success during- the last four years.
The frightful disorder and bloodshed which had
marked the annals of Santo Doming'" 1 for many
years have been ended by an agreement with th*
United States takins the form of a treaty entered
into with the approval of the Senate, under which.
by the simple appointment of an American agent to
collect Dominican customs revenues and apply tbe
surplus toward the payment of the Dominican
debts, without landing a soldier or firing I aim,
complete peace has been maintained for four years
past, the commerce and Industry of the Island have
revived, the revenues have doubled, and the nominal
indebtedness of more than $40,000,000. which hnnsr
like a pall over th» people, who had given up all
attempts to pay either principal or Interest, ha?
been adiusted and settled at less than •<20.< l OO.OOn.
for which Interest and sinking fund payments ar«
completely assured by the revenues resulting from
the new prosperity.
As a result of this policy, severely criticised at
the. time of its inauguration, but now generally
comm<»nd*d, revolutions on the Island have prac
tically ceased, customs laws have been Impartial]"/
enforced, resulttne in an increase of customs col
1-eted from $1,80.909 in 1904 to $3,425,012 for the year
ending March 31, 1303. Out of $3,103,933 collected In
th»s last three rears 54.000.000 over and above fh«
expenses of the government have been saved for
the benefit of creditor?.
THE SECOND HAGUE CONFERENCE.
With the active participation of the delegates of
the United States, the second international Peace
conference at The Hague, in the summer of vv.
entered Into agreements which, taken together,
have been declared by high authority to constitute
one of the greatest advances ever made toward th»
reasonable and peaceable regulation of Interna
tional conduct. Twelve treaties agreed upon at that
conference, all designed for reducing the prob
ability or mltieatmt: the horrors of war have been
approved. by the Senate and ratified by the Presi
dent of the United States.
Important among these treaties nas th* agree
ment proposed and urged upon trie conf»r»n'-* by
the United State? under which ail the civilized
powers agree not to «as force for the collection of
contract debts claimed by th»ir citizens against
other countries, so long as the, alleged debtor seeks
the protection of arbitration as to th* Justice and
the amount of the debt or time and mo.l* in which
It ought to be paid. This agreement Is a lon* step
toward putting an end to that speculation on the
necessities of weak and disordered countries, which
relies for th* enforcement of exorbitant and fraud
ulent claims upon the bullying and gunboats of the
greater powers.
Following the action of th» Hague convention in
providing; greater facilities for the use of the Per
manent Court of Arbitration at Th« Hagu". the
United States has pur Itself upon the- basis of the
peaceful settlement of International disputes by
concluding general treaties of arbitration with Eng
land. France. Spain. Portugal, the Netherlands.
Denmark. Sweden. Norway, Switzerland. Italy
Mexico and Jap*n. while many other similar
treaties axe in course of negotiation. Under the
general treaty with Great Britain, th« two coun
trl« have agreed to arbitrate before the Haeu*
tribunal th« difficult and vexing questions which
for more than a century, have caused so much ill
will and controversy regarding th- rights of our
fishermen in the fisheries on the coast» of New
roaaaiand and the maritime provinces of Canada.
Congress at Its last session made th* n*<-*sj*ry ap
propriations to defray the expense of this arbitra
tion
Th« peat growth In population and wealth of our
' anadlan neighbor has produced a continually in
creasing accumulation of difficult and trrttattnsr
controversies arising all along the three thousand
miles of boundary between Canada and the United
Stat»« in I©B. «o pr»,. , had these questions be- |
come that a Joint High Commission was created
for the purpose of settling them, but th-> rommij
r.!on dissolved without reaching an «»reement.
Negotiations for th» eettlenent or thsss quests
have be*n renewed., and great prcyresß has be«
mad* toward their complete *ettl»iaent.
Th*> surveyors appointed, hr the fwo cooztr.ei
have nearly completed th* marking of the Alis"«
boundary in accordance with the d»:lstca of th»
tribunal of 1903; a new treaty has b*en mada •-•
the adjustment of all other questions Mlatl^i •■>
th» determination of the boundary from tie At
lantic to th* Pacific: the Northeastern 9»hsr»»
question Is about in b» dlspocd of by an a«r*«
merit for arbitration under the general treaty, i
new treaty has been mad» for the mastaa. and m
forcement of joint regulations for the prasfrrasiri
of the food ft--, supply in all the boundary wat»:\
including both the Great Lak»s and tr.e Atlaacc
and Pacific wn'»r?.
FRIENDSHIP WITH JAPAN.
The questions between Japan and the Cntrt
States which capped «o mi:oh public txciteasat 13
th« year W. hare be»n disposed of to r >»» satisfac
tion of the people of both countries. The fries!
ship and sympathy between •- • two joversn:?rj
have now been signalized by the general tnatr a:
arbitration concluded between them, by the is
vitation and acceptance nf the invirarlrm for tim
visit nt our fleet at Tclci". and by the response of
th« United States to the invitation of Japan la
participate in the great expoMtinn ' ""* v i is fob
held at Tokio in the year 1312, for i Jira Con^s
has authorized the espenditTire of Sl.aOO,«». ti*
greatest sum ever appropriated for I f*r<»ign «
position.
Th« unfriendly fAeiinas among the people ?!
China which grew out or the enforcement of ti»
i ■fiinese exclusion law and I 0'!I 0 '! to th* boycott cl
American goods have disappeared, and Valencia
trade In China ha? been restored M its natural
course. The United States has secured tie assßt
of all the nations havin? possessions ia the Or-«r
to a united effort with China to put SB eM *•■•
curs? of opium in th» Orient, and *n !ster~adcai!
conference, under the leadership •-• the Ccirei
States, hats been agreed upon to rrieer at guaasjiai
on January 1 next for th* purpose of der.si2?
formulating an international asreement to pwvttt
its production, sale and u?e. _
Threatened tariff wars between tTw rr n ir«J 9tSM
and Germany and between tta United ottteaarf
France have been averted by romrneroal asr«
rner"s between the United States and «£**£
countries, made under the authority gt»sa to to
President in the third section of the Dingey M
aC But the crowninz act in this araaa was tjattx
which th« President f^fAtSs
baited the armies of Russia and Jajaa. Vrzz~.,
about an hoawafeM and. it is to be hope*. «*irtas
has added so much »»^^S2
as his persistent and Irrevocable rrtoati lW tow
the unwritten law of th* Republic by *«ej?--,*
nomination for a third term. By this aa c. «^«
secure keeping: of hfertory *>>' « a ■-'"" nf tßat ° r
of tbs <«t ft-Jg
in the management of our f rt«B»tic and jjJP
-a& wßpSw 2>a
must rest In the conviction that ii.c «W
glory and stability of the Kepul ic.
eluded, the platform win
thought of the p«*ople. »n'lth»
nated must stand upon « fl ™ a r «^ % » Lincoln.'
must have the patrioti?rn ?nd sa**e«J *
the tenacity of a Grant the »*;^ a « n
tion of a McK'nley. •«»,«£ S«^» •»«**■
velt. With such a jAUM Pa«T
confident!: . ««»*
E^htra^oT;
public favor.
DISCUSS BVRKF/S TIJ&
Larsons'* New Scheme tn Lesse*
Southern Representation.
fßr T-t^rat* to T7W Trfbo»l
Chicago. Juno If.— Ths r— ■• "*' "'.'' - t m
An the chairmanship of Senator W*rre... « £
first meeting this affrnoon a.l«pred **«™
th same rule,, which governed the last «2°S
convention and adjourned until to-morro*
ing. when las Burke resolution Mdudng the 5l«
crn reprf-sentaffon will be voted on.
This resolution wax discussed at •one wag°^
Repre.-entaMve Barks and several of the cort=u
teemen without remit At the rcrteMsion J*Jr
meetine Mr. Burke amounced that his ■ "^^
would b» carried tf -morrow by a rrajortrr - •
to on- and that h- ■"■ovid hay« demanded VL
on It to-day had there not been <="vera! aD3.-
Th« New York m-mber of th« cetr.Tnif-. J f "
YCadsworth. it . also expressed the optaioß eg
sentiment of the committee was faTOtaP».w
resolution or i stani one Mr. v '" aci3 ™, ir^
tends to present as a s:ibst>t'U<- for tM »»
resolution, which was fully dpserit-d ja Tte _^.
wm , few days a*o. , P !»n dr*«n up by _ imw^
— IllßlllS Herbert Parsons, of Ne>* -~~Lg,gi
resolution is much nor- moderate in n»,
and does not reduc? the repreattJtatiotr* <
Poiithern States to pTeith" as tft« oth*T.
of the Parsons fMsMIM Is as follow?
Her^fter the national *««»*"j??l!!J?deSS*
of four del-gate* from emh 1 *- T -T« froa »-'
from each of the t*rritorlf?. tyro '^l\~).% n \u?f.i.
picfrt.-r of Columbia, two > ?? t ,, : V,i- ird fc^ fl
Porto Rico and the Phl!ipp'n«» l; !^f. I7 <v; r-
each Congre?sional distrKt one '^Y^v fra<r'^
ten thousand voter.-* f»r<l the lill!ir ,
thereof cast for th* F^pubHcsn P»r'T» f*wr.
it the last preceding •fef«««. :^ Vtictt? *}
that no Cc-rtgre«.tort*t district »ha'! b- %'\
leasl one delegate. an,l to i «J^J^2 OB 7SS*S
members of Congres* are n.or "J- . ? t, t! ,; s , r ,," m W^
district!! there shall not b* #J*Tt-4 * ' •-«» rr t £,
delegates than would be »"-*»*• « i «S txetotad*
her-, of Congress therefrom w«*> '^^ r "
separate districtn. *
Mr. Parsons in di.-cu«fng hto re«omtlon. »3i^
"I think it is eminentH- f^rer t^> «^.***S
lalpataaHM laM f9m b- •Hotr-f on* •"JS-ii
each dtsfrlct nttHT thsn th«! ' '*"
which have IMS than ten tbenssad vot*r# »■
not *.*» represented. It la n«eMary. «»-'^
that th" Southern representation snooia aa»3
down, and ! believe now i 3 as £o<*d a ™JTj Tc ,,i
to do It. My resolution will cut tM f**^*^
County d-lfgrn?!on from its pre??nt n' im^r~ „t ,
ty— to seventeen, but it will increase ta«
representation by ten Jel^jtate?"
v GUILD'S SUPPORTEHS STAND PAI
' ~ '
Bay State Governor Says There Is No Cb^S
in the Situation.
Boston. Jun« W.-Govrnor Curt:." L*ay:
concernlfls his candidacy for Vnv-Fr?si«nt
AS far an my Information gcies. "'" ,^9
' - han«e in the nituation in Chicago. My .^',.» tiis
ass Just wher* th*y have Men. In the MO<»
United State* Senator* from Mas* , 1, . iassl
Th« Governor received a telegram trom a
Gllnes. a member af the Massachusetts •""•"JS
at Chicago, readmit as follows: "We •'•^TT
I pax. Pay no attsuioa tc repert* to contrary