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Literary JVe&vs and Criticism T>, Career of an English Soldier , : : Fortune in China. _~r. ttTE OF t=TR HAI.LIDAT MACARTNTTY. oL.*ff v C. Commander or LJ Hong Chang's JLi£»d Force ln the Taeping Rebellion. P*Sfcr of the First Chinese Arwnal. for J*J£r ! Y#«rs Councillor and Secretary to the iJSwia. Lecation In London. By Demetrius C. 2£Sr With * Foreword by Bir James 525£i-B«mS*. M- P- LL. D. Illustrated. £X"pTxxiii. Uf. John Lane Company. subject of this memoir was of Scotch- Juk descent, and was abundantly supplied with —yergv. persistency and high purpose which brought fuccess and -worldly honors to so ***_ of his countrymen. Born in 1533. he 'was :iiZ 'fsicsl .tudent In the Edinburgh University. *bsi at the outbreak of the Crimean war a Z^Binent oScer visited the university with pf l sS^ission t0 form tne medical staff of th« * AC o _Turklsh contingent then being or ** Led. The youthful Macartney had not yet H^L^j his degree when he was appointed as r^ t surgeon and assumed the Queen's uni •■" His Crimean experience did not Include IT c contact with -warfare, but St settled his *.»—« and as EOOa as circumstances permitted *hTco=pletio3 of his studies he Joined, as third *«!stsat curpeon. the I^narkßhire regiment. \.,»er orders for India. This was in ISoO, and Threat mutiny having been put down then- Zas little active work for the regiment, so that h- transfer at th» end of the year to China was v^ed with delight, for In China great deeds -rere peniing. I It was a period of warfare, of friction and un -st, when Ch:r.a emphasized her aversion to •arelroem hf arresting or executing English iK^senta-tlves. and England retaliated by toidßS the summer palace. Just why a bar- Uroas act of vandalism was needed to demon --te to the heathen the superior advantages a» Cfcristia:: civilization has never been mads clear, hot the event doubtless had its effect on the youthful Macartney, who witnessed It. An incident of this period may be mentioned, not m account of any special significance, but as illustrating the courage and determination of a .aajg man who had to carve out his own career ia the world. With a fellow officer Macartney antered a court of justice ln Canton, at which k trial was In progress. Says his biographer: A — Acflar'n. •'- ■ Judge, was sitting at a table and •^n"^-eia'rles were also seated there writing tantMr notes. On the table was a large saucer f'i«i with indiar. ink. into which the scribes dipped £Sr Sir The court was ruied with people, but «r t'>-e «-ght c' the English uniforms way was made ft- £♦> officers *n that they occupied a prominent ila'-e la the alienee. A man. obviously the pns m£? rater trial, was beir.p examined, and either declined to s -,«; W e- the -j:e!=t:oiis put to him or did «o A i a BffißT unsatisfactory to the Judge. Sud flHd? the Juds» maci^ a sign, uttered some w-d« t£> purport of which was not Intelligible ♦r. either ilacartnev or his friend, but the gaolers «r yamen attendants kaew very well what was rieaat ami proceeded to action. Immediately be- Sltte prisoner the yamen roof was support •fl^r pillars. ari<3 it was seen that rop«s passed tbroigh holes In fr.err hung down loosely to the roar when the ludge save his order, the men r7»-*ion°d promptly rew themselves on the prisoner aad attached these cords to his wrists No sooner was ha attached than men at the ether eifie cf tbm pillars pulled the ropes and he ■bbj shin* cp ae-sT.st it. Th- 6r*ci2_ cruelty of the proceeding was that the lower jarts of the victim's legs were pulled fca-kward with the -r.tica of continuing the strain until th* leg below th*> knee had been vrlced up iato a horizontal position. A? Th« tor ture proceeded the cracking of the -unfortunate man* bones could be heard throughout the court. But the punishment had not gone very far when jlacar : losir.g aU control over himself, rushed ■up to the table at which the rr.andarian was fitting, raised the saucer of indian Ink and broaciat it do-^n trjth a crash on the table, smash- Ing: It and spiattr.riag its contents over the aston- J«a«J fall and his secretaries. proceeding led to an in quiry, which resulted :n the incarceration of the TnaEoarir., and, lawless as it was, seems some how more in consonance ■with Western ideas of retribution than the destruction of priceless fflocam^r.ts of s."' The exhilaration of a life of adventure con vhced Macartney that he had qualifications for taccess in a more strenuous sphere than his pro fesgion ailorded, and so upon due deliberation •Ed & careful - .-.ation of the chances, in 1562. beinc i.Jßttte short of thirty years of age. he resigned from the British army and adopted the rather precarious role of a soldier of fort tae •- the service of China. His engagement J»R«i hi various capacities for practically the uiole cf his life, and during upward of forty Tears he served the riental empire without de tatitos himself in spirit or In sympathy from tie bai cf his birth. His ambition was. through tesnrieCge of their difficult tongue, to acquire ** position and influence among the Chinese tiat early Catholic ssionaries had possessed, ard without thought of a possible return to Eu- r > he burned his bridges behind him and pro cseded to qualify himself for his life's work, •^ to the point of taking unto himself a i Ciaese wife. The lady in question was of high ' Tsafc, a r^r^ - at good appearance and intelli aoe ' who followed the Chinese custom of liv fc* apart end not receiving visitors. The posi tion cf the ex-surgeon was now rather expectant tiar established. He was even considered f«r y* coTsrr.f- cf the Ever Victorious Army, a "* lJfi -' body formed for the suppression of the Taeplsg rebeSton, but that charge was more Stably tastowed upon General Gordon—Chin *■» Gordon, es he was long known— the «her devoted himself with great energy to th«» ♦staillahaest of an arsenaL He became In ef fei the right-hand man of the Futai LJ Hung Csa^S. and his labors were summarized by Gen <B*l Gordon in th« words: "Macartney drilled tr *°P£ supervised the manufacture of shells, **ye advice, brightened the Futai's intellect **« foreigners and made peace, in which last lc *=Pllshir:ent his forte lay." 1I *amiey had the faculty of making himself t^ efcl -to others besides Li Hung Chang. His "* tt< *» to Tseng, the most powerful man In \ taSa *. who named all the viceroys, were inti **ie ajid cordial, ar.d among his treasures was *f Eaialcated scroll in v.hich Tseng paid him ! iOTSI * compliment: "Your writings are. in **>« vast ia the extreme. For discursiveness *ey aay be likened to ttw alternating waves *• «ea " The Marquis Tseng, later Ambas *£*» to Great Britain, son of the aforemen °°°*^ was also his "voted patron, and did ~^> to promote his fortunes. But gratitude ■o -interest and appreciation of individuals o *^ no Illusions as to the fibre of the 2?a among whom he earned his bread, and ~*r tea years" residence, upon visitinf; the * b of Confucius, he wrote to a friend: "It -M tak* op too much time to tell all I saw •i: i thought on the -way down, but I may ' TT *** conclusion I formed was that the Chlna- ! ia a low ar:m<±:, and the country, ln spite ; *•* many great natural capabilities, a very | W Cae " Durt2 e all this time Macartney was 'ly engaged In hia arsenal, but the presence | atfaor: ty cf native colleagues and his own ! */**^t refuaa] to profit by the obvious op- j niues cf a "squeeze" BO Increase his fort- Craduaiiy CPeate< friction that undermined **fr tscfaiaeas. T pon his resignation without ! 1 eel* 66 * 1 »rr*pect o ; re-employment, he faced j v^aplet* change of career, with vastly en- IT** 4 **!>erienc« and no diniinution of ambi- ; -Jr 1 * 3uactur fate stepped in and pointed te^rf *° comfort and a competency, if not «*ZJ* mxii rortune - Tne first Chinese Minls '*t^y^ »bout to be dispatched to London to \ * Jeeatlon an(l to carry out a special ; scio* ** a Pol°gy for soma outrage of the jjg^A "ecretary was sought who combined log trj^* , of Chinese character and language , <iSJo aiat aca with European customs and I «sa^^ Through Li Hung Chang-* BN &ii'^ acanney ws named for the position. .: I ■•* biaseif so invaluable by his ; tact, j discretion and vigor that a temporary appoint ment became a lifelong engagement, and under a succession of ministers he continued to act as secretary and virtually to shape the conduct of the legation until briefly before his death. momm thirty years afterward. A characteristic note from General Gordon was sent from the Soudan in June, 1577. it runs as follows: this B ™>" J* I *™^ .comfort for m», it Is over in xnia »re. n for I trill devote myself to this coun have hVrT »T TaldT ald »° falr a n>ld a* I if T.n.T^' thou « h it is & hot. weary one enough, hart th™,^?* to th world - I wish that your lot I inflnltSi? 1 yo u h * re lns? tead of China, for though vanned J7J 7 / I"**1 "*** 1 " th< Chinese, yet they are too ad idSuT^J*}' coaßen-ative a peop!<» to receive new TPrtTr^ £. the3e people are much more unadul ■ nrt ™L **> not thlnk I compliment you. but you oplnloTto^et %£%£?" Uld £ abl *- lD my And here It is proper to quote from a letter of an American consul long resident In China, which accounts for some of the influence of that singular and erratic personality: "I think for eigners owe more than they imagine to the mere moral force of Gordon's character in impressing LJ and other eminent Chinese with a lasting feeling of respect for the good qualities of mind and heart foreigners are really capable of—not withstanding the strong doubts to the contrary of the native official class." The work of the legation was as that of other legations. At first there were incivilities and Indignities, due to the strange garments of the Oriental visitors. Street urchins, moved by uncontrollable sense of hu mor, pulled the pigtails of the Chinamen and contributed to their comfort by pleasant re marks. Later the novelty wore off and Chinese costumes could pass unnoticed in the streets. At the time of the imbroglio between France and China, in regard to the former's sphere of in fluence In the Far East, Macartney took a prominent part in bringing about a settlement— as Gordon said, his forte lay in making peace. As has been indicated. Macartney was the re cipient of many interesting letters frcm people of note, and if it be good for the soul to see our selves as others see us, the following letter from a Chinese secretary, dating from IS SO. may not have been written in vain: The city of "Washington seems to be chiefly in habited by colored people, as when you go out you can ccc tht>m everywhere. My im pression uas. and Is. that Washington Is much Quieter than Xew Tork, and the Inhabitants are also nicer than New Yorkers. The treatment of "Celestial etrangers" by the natives appears to be better than what we received in New York. At any rate, we meet with more courtesy and hospi tality. Sometimes we have been regaled with curious food, which was served up under the Im pression, no doubt, that tne Chinese have a. spe cial penchant for rats. None of us have ever been out of doors In our national costume without hav ing be«n Informed by the intelligent Yankee who passes us ln the street that we are addicted to eating rats. Where they have obtained their in formation it Is Impossible to say, but I confess that when I eat some of the messes they give us at their restaurants I fancy there mutt be some thing ln. their remarks. You have been in China. Can you «ay that you have ever eeen a Chinese eat rats, even In a nightmare? American cities are not to b« compared with those of England and France. My experience with this land of freedom has disenchanted me with American civilization: I am heartily tired of them. Their estimate of themselves soars beyond my appreciation; England. Paris and Berlin have spoilt me for Yankeeland. I never had the slight est unpleasantness during my sojourn in those places. I always say to my friends that England and France are the most civilized countries ln the whole world, and I admire them very much. America may be a wonderful country as regards its material prosperity. commercial enterprise and the Brnartneee of Its citizens, but If the word civ ilization means a high Etandard of refinement, culture and morality, then I think that America should take her place among uncivilized powers. This life of a useful public servant Is carefully written, devoid of exaggeration, and is beauti fully printed and illustrated. XEIV XOFELS. The Story of a Woman Too Tenderly Beloved. A BPIRTT TS PRISON 1 . By Robert Hichens. Illustrated by Cyrus Cuneo. 12mo, pp. 663. Harrier & Bros. HILARY ON* HER OWN. By Mabel Barnes- Ornndy. I2mo, pp. 401. The Baker & Taylor Company. AMEDEE'S SON". By Harry James Smith. 12mo pp. 33;. Hougaton, Mifflih & Co. Two years ago Mr. Hichens published a senti mental story entitled "The Call of the Blood." The hero was a young Englishman with Sicilian blood in his veins. The woman he married and whom he took to Sicily for the honeymoon was genuinely in love with him, but she thought nothing of leaving him temporarily in order to nurse a sick friend, a novelist. In her absence Maurice Delarey engaged in a vulgar Intrigue which led to his tragic death. Mr. Hichens made a long enough taie out of this curious business, but apparently he was not satisfied to drop it. He has now written another volume continuing his "drama." Even more than its predecessor, it makes us wonder what has come over the author of "The Garden of Allah." That was a remarkably good book, having In it much more than the cleverness by which ilr. Hichens had previously made himself known. "A Spirit in Prison" is not even clever. Hermione De larey reappears in it, unaware of what evil her husband had been up to before his death, but somehow strangely troubled. Their daughter. now a bright girl in her teens, gives her a cer tain amount of happiness, but her soul is dis satisfied. She talks over the subject with the novelist aforesaid, a Frenchman named Emile Artois. They talk and they talk and they talk. They are forever talking. The reader Is very nearly bored to death. There is a purpose underlying this prodigious ly verbose narrative. Mr. Hichens asks rur sympathy for Hermlone because she is a spirit in prison, and it interests him to illustrate tha significance of the peculiar kind of captivity to I which ehe is condemned. "She was in the dark." he says. "She was in an airless place. She was deprived of the true liberty, that great freedom which is the accurate knowledge of the essential truths of our own Individual lives." Artols knew that the fisherboy Ruffo, suddenly brought into Hermione's life, was her husband's son. Gaspare, her faithful servitor, knew it also. But both of them loved her too well to make her unhappy by enlightening her. where upon, of course, sha proceeded to accumulate unhappiness for herself. It Is conceivable that an effective story might be made out of the emotional experience of a woman thus situ ate her vague unrest, her slowly developed eusplcions. and her final illumination affording some scope for the subtle psychologist. But in Mr. Hichens's hands the motive Is exploited with really astonishing dulness. Long before the climax comes the reader gets tired of wait ing for it. and he Is the more wearied because It is foreseen »o early ln the book. There is a little Neapolitan nobleman introduced who Is mildly amusing, but the rest of the charaetera, supposed to be much hia superiors, have not a tithe of his vitality. It is to be hoped that Mr. Hichens will not carry Ruffo and Delarey's daughter Into another book. The talent used to such good purpose in "The Garden of Allah" abould be reserved for better things. "Hilary on Her Own" is not the kind of novel which one takes too seriously. The girlish hero ine is very girlish. Indeed. Her sudden resolu tion to escape from the monotony of a com fortable home In the country, and to seek her living in London, is treated by Mrs. Barae*:- Grundy with no attempt to be despemtdy ro mantic. This author has no problem to solve. Her heroine is not put forth aa representative of ' unnumbered gifted young women, eating their hearts out in cozlness and yearning to ♦'enlarge woman's \ sphere." Hilary could not be a suffragette •if she tried. • She Is a mere fluff of lovable' femininity, bubbling over with XEW- YORK DAILY TRIBUXE. SATURDAY. SEPTEMBER 10. TOO* hieh spirit?, tremendously ambitious, a.nd abso lutely convinced that marriage is not to be thought of, but all th© time making: herself, quite unconsciously, an object of masculine ad miration. She is a dftlfghtful litt.e minx, and her adventures are recounted with vim. Th« author writes as though Hilary were a real person, and she had caught come of her gayety. These pagres pparkle, in a modest way. They are not precisely witty. There is nothing dis tinguished about the author's style. But the fun Is spontaneous, the sentiment is sweet. The gravest senior, having once begun the tale, would be hard put to it to close the book until he had followed th© heroine to the end of her lucky experiment. Mr. Harry James Bmith has written In "AmWee's Son 11 a winning idyl of Cape Breton life. He has not a very weighty story to tell. The orphan lad who is his hero is placed In a predicament which the author does not make too bitter. Young Michel is a sailor's son. Inherit ing his father's love for the sea and the life of freedom that it means. His grandfather, a re tired sea captain, seeks to educate him to make a name for himself. The boy is restless at his desk, yet he shrinks from giving pain, by re bellion, to the loving old man who has brought him up. The issue as Mr. Smith devises it is easily got at without recourse to any very elaborate machinery, and stress is laid through out the book not bo much upon dramatic devel opments as upon the traits of a number of delicately defined characters. Michel and the girl with whom he falls in love; old Captain Foug^re; Johnny McPhee, the lazy man of Scaramouche, and his stout CSleste, are friendly, likable souls, possessing idiosyncrasies which give them relief upon the printed page. About them all there Is the atmosphere of a corner of the world the freshness and simplicity of which have plainly lent a zest to the author's task. He has made an engaging story out of his whole some material. BOOKS AND AUTHORS. Current Talk of Things Present and to Come. The editor of "The Atlantic Monthly." Mr. Bliss Perry, has in press a volume of eßsays on themes of peculiar interest to him through his association with that magazine. He calls his book "Park Street Papers," and treats in it of "The Atlantic" and of magazine editing in gen eral. Hawthorne. Longfellow. Whittler and Aldrich are also dealt with, in his pages. Mr. Andrew Lang brings a strange bit of news to market. "Sir "Walter Scott," he says, "was offered a large sum if he would lay the scene of a "Waverley novel in a new American hotel! He never did so, and a Queer novel It would have been if he had. The fact is not, I think, recorded by any of his biographers: my recollection is that I came across it among the letters and manuscripts at Abbotsford." It would be well if we could have chapter and verse for bo comical an incident. Sir Mortimer Durand. formerly British Am bassador in this country, has written a life of Xadar Shah, the Turcoman conqueror of Persia in the eighteenth century. He has cast the biography in the form of a romance. The books of reminiscence promised for the winter season will include one from Thackeray's daughter. Lady Ritchie. It will bring together the "Blackstick Papers," which were first printed from time to time in the "Comhill Mag azine." Another book in this department, from which we are pretty certain to derive charming entertainment, will be the "Old and Odd Mem ories" of the Hon. Lionel Tollemache. As his letters to "The Spectator" used often to show, he has known many of the most Interesting: people of the last half century. Anecdotes of them will probably abound In his forthcoming volume. Professor Arthur L. Frothlngham. of Prince ton, is the author of a work which the Macmll lan' Company announces on "The Monuments of Christian Rome." In it he covers the develop ment of art in Rome during a thousand years. In the first half of the book political, social and religious facts are co-ordinated with the history of art. In the second the monuments and works of art are arranged and described under the general head of architecture, sculpture, paint ing and the subsidiary arts. That splendid "Survey of London" to which the late Sir Walter Beeant devoted himself with so much enthusiasm, is soon to be completed. His last volume, the one on "London In the Nineteenth Century," is now in press. A great part of it is in Sir Walter Besants own hand. He explains that it was impossible for him to treat the nineteenth century historically, as he was still in it so he treated It in a manner sug gesting a bird's-eye view, inviting the co-opera tion of others who knew special subjects to fill in details. Dr. J. H. Rose, author of the best of all the popular biographies of Napoleon, and Mr. A. M. Broadley have collaborated In the preparation of a book on "Dumouriez and the Defence of England against Xapoleon." mimouriez was a French officer who went over to the enemy, being employed by the English government to aid in drawing up a scheme for the defence of the country against the Emperor. The authors of the forthcoming volume have had access to his own copy of this project, and they have come upon other unpublished documents of con siderable importance. The china, of Derft is describ-d in a book by Mrs N. Hudson Moore, which the Frederick A. Stokes Company will soon publish. The author brings together a quantity of information for the guidance of the collector, she gives a set of trademarks in facsimile, and she illustrates her pages with photographs of beautiful epecimens from many noted collections. The book is the first in a series projected by Mrs. Moore. The next on* will be devoted to "Wedgwood." President John M. Thomas of Middlebury College In "The Christian Faith and the Old Testament" (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.), under takes to show that when rules of historical and literary criticism are applied rigorously to the Hebrew Scriptures the result is essentially con structive and In no wise menacing to Christian belief Indeed, a burden Which has weighed too heavily on the spirit of the Church may be said to pass away with the traditional view of th* Bible By placing all the writings on a dead level of authority Christians have frequpntly derived a -Biblical" sanction for ethiea some thing less than Christian. Cromweifs zest for the imprecatory psalms and Luther's excuse for Philip of Hesse's bigamy illustrate this ten dency. Moreover, the failure to see in the Old Testament a record of a progressive revelation of God to man has given rise to an allegorical method of interpretation, with the consequence that some of the noblest practical ut'erancps of the prophets have been shorn of mural vigor and made to do service as pretentious predic tions. Mr. Thomas assures us that, thanks to the critical method, the harm which results from promiscuous adoption of the ancient pr'cepts Is obviated for the modern Christian. One now has the privilege of reading an Intelligible his tory of Israel and of working his way close to the creators of the world's highf-at religious uuUia. mmHtfiom a« Jesus jn-nlaimed It is the personal attachment of the heart to God Rv announcing him?«if as or." who fulfilled th<« law and the prophets th* Ifatatar <lid but pay tribute to the abiding religious value Of th» Old Testa ment, which, rightly Interpreted, must always remain for Christian people a storehouse of ethical Instruction and a battery of moral force. BOOKS OF THE WEEK. ART. SEVEN CENTURIES OF LACE. Br Mrs. John Hun««r ford Pollen. With preface by Alan Cole. C. B. Il lustrated. Folio, pp. xvi. OS. (The M*cmi'.lan Cora pany... A collection of one hundr-d and twenty plates Il lustrating many beautiful examples or antique and modarn design. ■> -.;..-■ BIOGRAPHY. THE HOLLAND . HOUSE CIRCLE. Bjr Lloyd Eandert. Illustrated. Bvo. pp. xxv. 3SI. (O. P. Putnam'* Son».) 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