New-York tribune. [volume], December 04, 1910, Page 3, Image 19

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We'd Be Fortunate to Get Such Tr^de Schools ©lS These
T)r. Kjcrjchenjteiner Heads 'RemarKa.ble
Munich Institutions Where youths
Master Crafts.
The H-rr Dofctor is c German prorrs
- b * H- ** ■»
beadlon* Pieman, with Riar
ov.s that would 1- -1 i f th <^ ***"*
a q ui ZZ icar Santa Clau* ,„»!- >^
Th . m :., thpm very fr^ndh too.
r^perly h- is Dr. .;••■•-- Kor - elv>n-
SSn^ur^intcndent of Schools of the
CUr rt Munich. Also -. has a narrow
pray beard and a I^bensan^chauunp.
AVhst is a iJohenMnKhauunK? They
. «=on>ewhat rare in America. Th*
'/.l^an^hriuumr first discovered
l.v an eminent German s.^ntist in the
.isht^nth century, and since that time
„. r^rman home Jwp -• complete
<»n-. Translated tho wordmeans
•-t^kinc a cr^d 1-nc look at thins?." or.
ii£rallv "an mitl«ok ap^n Pp." Wh--.
we would say in v-. •■ York. "H^s had
his bumps, .ill rlzhtr or. "He's stacked
up ajrainsi it c-h..! aod proper.- a Ger
man w.uld >-v. -H- has foiind his Le
1.. • I -vj,ns.-h«tiunp." Perhaps it is "a sort
„1 comhination of ex!*>rienee. ?rrit. com
m u ,, gonse. neichWll»*«a and content."
„- lacked into on*- f^bie ■■: balance.
It i~ well I- s«-l this rirnily fixed in
mind for tho rjorr Doktor has a very
!arjr«- [..^Misin -<h. nuv.tz. lik<> t!u> c-r-^nt
, .-i Go**th«.V. .•.;!<.' hi.-- buys »»' have lu
ll- iveb^nt^ii:^ huuui>s«n. Hke yours and
inint-. am! it v.-^s to develop those that
:i.. !!-rr !>.>kt..r built up Hie trade,
l'.'^. ..,}.. tr.A !avo mad" Munich famous
-..r somcthinf: pvtc better than its b«*>r.
f*»rtainl> no tmdf sch«»ob3 iis th<- vv«»rld
; i. more ••!«bi;it«u: probably no schools
:n ,y s ,.n an- more downright efficient.
The Herr floktor r;nii' 1 t-> America ex-
JlT r:.<!» i.i .!<- . .-rii» those pel ...Is. at the
imitation of th" National Society for j
the Promotion of Industrial Education.
-In Anvrii :t •."" he said in answer to a j
rjuestinn. "Xo. I cannot state whether j
our plan would Work in America. You j
understand. <3o ■mi not. that we try to
\- A-h somrthin? th. t you liave not in
America? That is thoroughness.**
Trur. ili<" H-rr Doktor's Httle joke was ,
Tft liiusr ?tr;ni=<- or new, but he as
riclit. so Jar as his schools were con- |
.-r-iTT'.I. An ordinary sla:--dash Anier- j
!• :,n "would havo \>> split "nis mind O7»en j
jr. cram in bii idea of v.iiat a compre- |
JirnPivr. paternaL ei^r:enial. cosmic,
abysmal, sacerdotal thiup Thoroughness •
;■ in thos=^ s<_-h'<«.ls.
"It ::= v ry simple." the Heir Doktor
r.ont on. "In Germany <.ur boys must
-.. to t»io jjublic M-hools for a* least
rein years. About three-fifths of them
in Munich complete the course without
havmg to rej-at the work of any year.
They are tiu-n usually fourteen or fifteen
><;u-s old.
"*Som«! of tli« in. of course, en on with
Their education at the gymnasium, per
liaps at the university. Of the others,
about four-fifths ire apprenticed in the
different trades and one-fifth become
•i; ii skilled laborers, messengers and SO
:"ortlL Now. the Bavarian government
a law years ago that all boys
must continue their schooling until they
v cr<=- eight— n y.-ars old Formerly
trj*yv» apprentices were forced to attend
night schools one* or twice ■■ week after
th^ir day's work, to study the old, "Id
ihinss they had studied Ijefore they be
«'arne .-■••■■ They did n«.»t like
that. Ach. no: They slept.
■"What v. c hn\r done in the last ten
j-«»ars is this. We have established 'con
tinuation s.hools." as we call them, at
vhirh. the tx»ys study the one trade to
"which they themselves are .■•:-■■
Th«"y attend one whole day or two half
flays *a<h wet'k, and th" hours come
-.•■•. hours <_«f the working day.
Tb<-v are oompeHed. to do so. just as
lh«»y were is: the public schools
"Ea«-h trade school we manage with
ir.e advic<? and The help of the employers
in that trade in the city, and the men
Tviio have tlt- apprentices working for
them. Some of the employers give the
Jioys full pay for the time they spend in
il.r- school: some of them do not. There
tre fifty-two continuation schools for
*■.-.• an attendance of nine thou-
Fand. The boys, they do not sleep.
fore, the boys studied patiently
letters and ciphers at the night schools
end learned of their trades from their
master?-' journeymen or young work
men, and }>erharis something more at
eo-nxf hasty school which the great cm
jiloyers of several hundred men keep at
th^ir works. Hut the journeymen and
young workmen do not like boys, and
• • • ■ • for th.<
i • • ■ - : . By learning
Will Talking Machines Ever
• • -»-» ' HAT is that noioe like a. chicken
\ \ eating corn off a pin« board."
* » I asked &]varf I' Kaston, the
commercial father of the talk • - machine.
t" ' saT in h.s -„_••.
"It may sound that way to your tnedu
cr.t«-d »ar," he refilled, "but that is be
cziime you cannot •■■■-.
Chinese, music "What you hear is one of
cnr n»w Chinese records being vocalized on
ihe. phonograph.
*TV« !ai* a laboratory in china, and the
records «»f four hundred Chinese songs,
■which were given us: by the best Mongolian
extistk. Laundrymea in this country are
large purchasers o£ Chinese records, thus
*;• Uing sonjrs from home in their own lan
guage to cheer them as they iron our shirts
and collars. The manufacturers <>' Ameri
<«lu - lone machines are doing: business
•everywhere — in Japan. Turkey. Africa.
L^ypt and the islands ■ ■• red up and
«i«->wn tiie earth, from Australia to Green
land, and then to Madagascar. More than
520.000.060 is Invested in the Industry, and
thousands of persons are given steady and
j-jf-asant employment."*
"Rill political speeches and lectures ever
be delivered by machinery."* I inquired
"Mechanically, there would be m diffi
<Uty la having Senator La Follette. .Shak
er Cannon, J. Plerpont Morgan or Klihu
Jtoot make a tour of all the Chautauqua
assemblies in the United States by voice
alone. Nothing would be missing but the
Tire hi their ♦-•■•- their gestsms and th^
ir-agnetitm of their personal presence. But
audiences. In my opinion, would not care to
hear a long ep»-ech, lecture or sermon out
«' a jrrapiiopone. Nor would the pe«>ple Bit
t-i>ruu?h aJi ci>era_ They would go to tleep
■■■ •-■>-' up and go ox.t. There are plenty of
r - ■ •;«-.'« In the best of operas. We have
fan- 03 the Idea, that only th* irems in a.
l*-£gthy BHatcal composition ar* practicable
tm reproduction.
"President Taft, taJJonr in a horn, bs
r «■ •» several short aMressea Plenty
*"■- tie '_oiatr; r mea will n*?v?r s?* him. »ni
his work a boy ought to be made more
than a workman; he ought to be made a
man.
"We try to do that. We try to teach
oci boy<= thoroughness, pride in their
craft, citizenship and also Arbeitsfreude.
You have not that word in English. You
can come no nearer than this, the joy
of work." Yet Th'- joy of work is one
of th" great things in th* 1 world: when
a man has that you might say almost,
"he ha- found his Lebensanschauung.' "
Once upon a. time the Herr Doktor
b«:am' 1 dissatisfied with the way the
rirarviiicr teachers in the Munich schools
were hammering grown-up ideas about
th» looks of things int.. the heads of
thtir pupils. He determined to find what
was really the best way to teach draw
in£. Accordingly, he had all the chil
dren asked to make drawings in their
own way of thine? outside the school
room, which they could remember, but
could not look at. After that the chil
dren were toM forehand that they were
to draw an apple or a rlicht of stairs or
th- outside of the Bchoolhouse, so they
could fix it in their minds before the
drawimr class began. Sixty thousand
children in the public schools worked on
the^e d-ra • \T\Z-.
y ■- ■ n th< institutions for the
isked Lo do th< -
things.
Altogether the Heir T>okt<>r collected
:««i.mmi drawings, which he divided ac
cordins; to -• v age, exactness, m^rit and
a dozen other things. He spoilt seven
years studying them. When he was
through h ■ published a book illustrated
with seven hundred of the childrens"
- ■:-•<. and the b<x..k practically upset
the whole - stem of teaching drawing
in Germany. He had ?one to the bottom
of th" subject and found how children
most naturally learn to draw.
Those seven years the Herr Doktor
ga c to learning the child's Liebensan
schauunc. his way of looking at things.
When he took I old of the apprentice
schools of Munich he set out to make
them places where, first of all, the boys
would spend their three years in l^am
itic a larger Liebensanschauung — the
way. a. strong:, sane, capable man looks
at thing's.
So, in those fifty-two .schools there are j
I . ._.--■■ subjects which sound odd
for institutions that are training cold
sraitlis and photographers and drugs
and coachmen and chimney sweeps. One ;
hojr a week is given up to religious in- j
' struction. That is the law of Bavaria.
The boys' parents may elect whether
they shall learn religion from the Evan- |
gelical, Catholic or Jewish classes, which I
are maintained for the purpose. Another
hour weekly is given up to "life lore and !
citizen lore." The training is much the :
same in all the branches. Here is the
way it is s a forth in the curriculum of
the coppersmiths. It is worth reading:
"Life lore and citizen lore. This in
struction aims to give the scholar insight
into a rational use of his life. It em
ploys to this end both the lessons of
health and hygiene and the larger les
sons of life itself in vocation, neighbor- J
hood and state, with espe.ial attention]
to that particular trade through which ;
the scholar will come to understand how
in fact, all classes of the community ■
and all industrial groups have their in- »
terests interwoven in a single fabric. !
Further, it aims by instruction and
practice to lead the scholar to act j
soundly under ail circumstances. "
"First Year— A short survey of ap- .
prenticeship and the apprentice's con- j
tract: the structure of the human body; j
nourishment; breathing and circulation, J
care of the hair and teeth, houses and !
clothes, work and recreation, sports; the j
dangers to health in the coppersmith's j
trade, especially the precautions to be j
taken against dust, acids, soot, gases j
and smoke; first aid to injured.
"Second Year— Brief history of the ,
coppersmith's trade in general, standing :
of the craft in the Middle Ages, the j
flowering of German trades and crafts,
their downfall, the development of the |
present trade organizations (guilds, part- •
nerships, labor unions, corporations,
boards of trad-, etc.); the trade to-day,
factory work, hand work, cottage work; \
the history of Munich's coppersmith
guilds: the strongest possible emphasis
upon the relations of master, journey
man and apprentice and their several re- 1
sponsibilities and privileges.
"Third year — Citizen lore— The organ- j
ization of the community, the mission !
tj.-y -p. to hear bis i ■ I •■
on t'>r»itrn missions has \->~*-n repeated in
• Ireds «f churches and has done a grreat
:' good We have recorda from Will
i; m .1 Brj-an, h\n Colonel Roosevelt Turn<-'1
v down. Joseph Jefferson gave v- part
.jj a scene from 'liip Van Winkle,' and we
were about to gel some of Bill Nye's jokes
when
"Is It true," I asked, "that very large
sum* of money are paid to famous singers
for records of their best songs?"
'"Like most stories of money making, the
figures have been somewhat exaggerated.
At lirst. we jrot thr^-»- .-<jr.^s from SenU>rich
for $2,000. Edouard de Reszke, the cele
brated bass s-lnjer. gave us three songs for
iVj"). In time Schumann-Heink, Campa
i.a:i. Lilli I.«-limann, Bisphani. Mary <Jar
o-i, and Cavalieri sans for us very wilUng-
Iv. Indeed, we have laboratories hi Paris,
Warsaw. Vienna, . -. Petersburg-, London.
Milan and other European citie«, and Blng
ers supply us with such records as wt» may
■rant from time to time. The old way of
paying cash in advance, however, was un
satisfactory, and so a system of royalties
was substituted. Famous singers. 1 have,
no doubt, earn a? much money by means of
th« talking machine as they do in operas
or concerts. The graphophone. I should
say. actually double their earnings. Rec
ords Bell at from 35 cents to 17 3.) apiece.
the latter being ■ sextet from -Lucia 1 by
great vocalists.
-It hi unfortunate that the Phonograph
was not invented centuries ago. that the
voices of treat orators might have been
h.ard for all ages to come. Demosthenes
ana Cicero might be living yet. And all
American* would be glad.ll **>*. w^jj
possible for them to hear George Cubing,
ton ParrKk Henry. Andrew Jacfcson and
" I ChrStlan workers «"■ ln Orient. |
NEAV.yrmK DATT.T TRrBUXE. • StTSDAYT TIKrKSfBT^ 4. 1910.
A CLASS OF HOTELKEEPERS.
ONE OF THE TRADE SCHOOLS.
DR. GEORGE KERSCH ENSTEIN ER.
Superintendent of Schools at MunicH.
■ t tli«- community, social and economic
institutions, the workingman as a towns
man; Bavaria; the founding of the Ger
man Empire; the more important im
perial laws; local ordinances: workmen's
pr< tection and insurance, patents, etc.
"Fourth Tear — Trad- and commer c
and what they mean for German labor
and the well-being of Germans, Ger
many's place in the world of trad- and
ii. the v...rld of culture, the significan f
the German colonies, German's repre
sentation abroad (consuls, etc.); dis
cussion of important practical problems
in the light of fundamental social laws.
history of coppersmithing and the metal
trades from the days of ancient civiliza
tions to our own times."
That is enough t" show the spirit in
which the Herr Doktor has planned his
schools. His ideals could not well be
lar^-r or better adapted to make the
strong, sane men with whom he wants
to people Germany. To be sure, great
ideals do not necessarily mean great re
sults. It i.< rather the fact that the Herr
••What other uses," I asked, are being
nuiii-- of talking machines?"'
"Physicians at hospitals are getting rec
ords of coughs that are peculiar and of
breathing? that will help them in The diag
nosis of certain diseases. Eminent vocal
ists are sinning musical exercises upon rec
ords of wax. which, together with the text
book in hand, are Invaluable to students.
Moving pictures by and by will be enabled
to talk, and the adjustment will be so per
fect that, every motion of the hands and
movement of the lips will tit the words.
Languages have been taught for years with
the helo of the graphophone. The advan
tages of such teaching are obvious- One
can learn French as it is spoken in Paris
and German as it La spoken in Berlin."
"What other uses will be found?" I in-
Quired.
"I think the per-onal correspondence b«-
Doktor has actually eiv^n those same
[deals to his boys. and. still nv'r*- amaz
ing. That he has persuaded the hard
headed manufacturers and tradesi en
of Munich that ideals are worth teach
ing, that has made ins schools the most
wonderful in the world.
A boy '»f seventeen may not ai ri i r< a
tullflf"ig»-(l Lebensanschauung .and the
"light of fundamental social laws" in a
weekly lecture course, but those large
ideas are likely to take a deeper hold en
boys than m-ist grown-ups would «-x
pect. The "flowering of German trades
and crafts" is not half s-- dry for young
Germans as 1' sounds, and few lads
would forget that the great Albrecht
Diirer, who is famous even in that ob
stinate England, was once a goldsmith's
'prentice; that the sculptor Adam Kraft
was a stone mason, that a hundred
famous German names were once borne
by simple craftsmen, 1 that they all
became great men by firsi being earnest
apprentices and sound workmi
The "life lor.-" i lass takes up only one
Relieve Us from Writing Our Letters?
t tween relatives and friends will •■- largely
parried on by machinery before lons. In
the Dast there has been trouble in making
a cheap record that was strong enough to
Ibe transported in the mails. The difficulty
' has almost been overcome. I am sure that
at an early day one will find it not alone
convenient but pleasurable to talk a love
letter or a family letter Into a graphoplione
I— _ ' . . ■!■ ■- ; t.'w .■ — - »■•-• —
EDWARD D EASTON.
. He made a fortune from eound.
IN THE SLAUGHTER HOUSE.
TENT MAKING.
of the nine or ten weekly hours, and In
the others there is time to teach some
of those larger lessons in ways that en
still deeper. There is an hour for read
tag and writing. The writing- consists
largely of letters; first. l"tters to friends
about simple matters connected with the
trad« and the school, then the business
letters which a workman might need to
applications for positions, de
scriptions or reports of pieces of work
which employers have under considera
tion, and the like. Then come the study
of forma for contracts, descriptions of
trade processes and the like.
The reading, arid- from an occasional
technical wcrk which may be prescribed.
is taken care of by the simple process of
turning the boys loose in a carefully
chosen library of the best books in Ger
man literature, including some of the
books of the day. and letting them read
what they choose. Hardly the method
we would expect from this terrible Ger
man "craze for efficiency" they talk so
much about these days.
Another hour goes to reckoning and
bookkeeping in all the schools. Of
course, the ground is covered with the
same overwhelming thoroughness as
everywhere else. The first purpose is to
lodge firmly in the boy's head the neces
sity for every German home and every
German business to have a clear, com
plete system of accounting, and the way
such a system is to be built up and kept
running. ■ The methods of dividing the
family income into appropriations for
rent, clothing, food, savings and recrea
tion money are taught, and then comes
a most thorough grounding in the work
of the trade itself — how to manage a
factory, the buying of metals and ma
terials, how to compute the cost of a
given job, the workings of exchanges,
; credit, bank accounts and the like.
So four hours are accounted for by
religion, "life lore," writing and reading,
and accounting. The rest are given to
technical work, both theoretical and
practical, and to drawing. The Herr
Doktor himself described how the work
was done.
"We intend," he saul. "that the boy
shall understand, at least once, every
important process or method in bin
trade, and shall perform it himself, either
in miniature or. whenever possible, in
real materials. For this purin.se the
students work In the chemical and phys
ical laboratories when that is desirable,
performing ail the nvst important ex
periments for themselves.
"For the same end. s«> that they may
really understand what they are doing,
the pupils must make a drawing of
everything they are w construct, and
must construct everything they draw.
For example, the bricklayers first make
drawings of the simpler forms of brick
and then to have it carried to its destina
tion for a two-cent postage stamp.
"The voice of one's mother, sister father
or sweetheart would sound mighty good if
one were far away from home. "Writing
would be unnecessary and the record would
cost little more, perhaps, than stationery."
"When did you first hear of the grapho
phone?" I aslied.
"While working as a stenographer in
■Washington. Several stenographers, An
drew Devine especially, told me of a talk-
Ing machine they had seen in Graham
Bell's laboratory. Edison had once ex
perimented with an apparatus that would
reproduce sound. However, the records he
employed were made of tinfoil. They could
not be taken from the machine, which
was very heavy, being constructed of
Iron; nor could they be used more than
once. "When Edison undertook his cam
paign to bring electric illumination into
HoU> Miracle of Making *Boyj; Enjoy Trace r r
of Acquiring SKM by Hard Work
Has 'Been Performed.
work from models. Then they build
them themselves, using little bricks, each
one-tenth a.s I<>ngr and broad as a real
brick. Then they prepare estimates and
drawings for bulletins the ««a.nie ■work in
full size.
"They draw every detail carefully
and make an estimate of the cost. The\
count in their own labor, tin <-ost of
mortar and materials, the interest on
their own investment in tools for the
time the work v ill take. Then they
actually build the work, with real bricks
and mortar. I-ater they go to the more
difficult parts, such as th« different
methods of ma kins: corners fitting in
stonework. building curved walls ami
the Hke.
"In nT this, the boys work together as
much as possible. As th'\v progress and
their work grows larger, of course they
are thrown more and more fcth^r. an<l
begin to see their interests ;»re woven
together, and e ac h one will do the most
for the work by respecting the others
and filling hi* own special plare — it is
society in miniature, if you understand
me.
"Then. last of all. the boys join to
build a little cottage. Th* carpenter*.
the bricklayers and the stonecutters all
work together, designing it. estimating
Its cost and building it. They find they
must have a master a 'boss.* you would
call him. I suppose and they choose him
themselves arid abide by bis aj>p«>int
meats of assistants*. I dare not n,u:te
say that they obey him perfectly always,
for I would not say that hoy? do an:-*
thing always without exception. But If
they do not. then they !<-am why a
master is necessary. Ah. those boys!
"In all th«* trades we give the boys nt
least a sharp in the most important proc
esses of their ea'lines. The copper
smiths a year ago ended their course by
building a—la — I hardly know what you
would call it in English. It was nn ap
paratus used in distilling, of •>:■!- and
a most difficult piece of workmanship, as
large a.«» this room. Th* 1 boys designed.
drew and built M with their own hand.-.
They wre a glad crew when the great
est distiller of Munich cam* with his
men to try it, and found thuf it worked
well."
So it goes through all the roll of Mun
ich's trades. Every railing from which
twenty apprentices seek instruction has
a school of its own. Chief among them,
of course, are the srreat fundamental
callings — the building trades, the bakers.
butchers, tailors, potters, machinists,
smiths and printers. The tailors, by the
way. as well as the shoemakers, watch
makers and apprentices in other trades
which keep them indoors and largely in
active are made to exercise a certain
number of hours weekly, and are taught
swimming, wrestling and out-of-door
sports which they are likely to enjoy
and persist in later on.
The druggists and commercial stu
dents have schools of their own arv!
there are also special schools for musi
cians, gardeners and boys who wish to
enter the government service. Another
school, on the same broad Ones, takes
care of the boys who have chosen no
trade In particular, or one which Is *o
petty as to have no school of its own.
Then there Is a whole system of domes
tic science schools for girls, where ev
erything that goes to make up the Ger
man home is taught for three hours a
week. Here, too, attendance is compul
sory.
-Do you approve of co-education or
boys and girls?" the doctor was asked.
"So," he replied. "My entire princi
ple of education is based upon qualities.
Boys and girls are different, in so far
as they have different tastes, abilities
and interests in life. Therefore, their
studies should be different, above the
Primary grades. For seven years I ex
perimented on iOt€tv children in draw
ing, and while both showed Interest in
the subiect. I found that the girls had
less Bking and ability for perspective
work than for decorative design, and
the boys vice versa. I Immediately in
troduced a different set of lessons So
with other courses; boys like physics,
chemistry, mathematics, all exact sci
ences and constructive work. Girls like
applied art, social sciences, literature
and languages. Both show equal ability
and inclination for history, psychology,
losric and the various branches of peda
gogy. Naturally the- curricula should
be arranged accordingly.*'
Th- boys' schools, as has been said
• buildings and booses from out hi the .
sreets, where Charles F. Brush had put it
I with his arc light, he laid his phonograph. ;
. aside.
"Returning from Paris with 110.000 ir. |
! cash, griv.-n him as a prize. Graham Bell :
! equipped a laboratory for the purpose of
'■ renting a machine that would record j
'and reproduce sounds. I suppose music'
• was in bis mind at the time. The work
I was carried on by Dr. Chichester Bell — a
ielative of Graham Bell— and Charles
j Sunnier Tainter. a mechanical expert, of
Watertown, Mass. It was the Bel and
Tainter machine thai I heard Devine ana
; other stenographers talking about.
\ "Later, I was invited to the laboratory
and saw the machine in operation. I found
that, while 1 had spent years in learning
quickly to put human speech on paper J
by means of signs, the machine could j
beat me easily and do •- work better j
and more accurate!] In my diary that j
night 1 wrote thai I meant to K^t as
large an interest in the invention as was j
possible. My connection with the subse- j
quent development of the Kmphophone.
' therefore, wax not accidental. The sup
position was that the machine wool - •■■ ■ ik«
the dictation of letters in business ottict-a
to stenographers unnecessary. The musi
cal possibilities of the invention were not
I then apparent. 1 employed it right off.
being the tirst stenographer to *\o so in
government work. I dictated my short- j
1 hand notes into the machine and had my I
; typist write them out on paper.
"About that time, it was in the year
ISS7. ! accompanied th«» newts created In
terstate Commerce Commission on its tirst
trip of investigation. Wl werr pone seven J
< working: days, during which p»no<l I made j
; JS..VO. My salary was only ll tV > « month. '
but I r^celvod 10 cent? a page «-.\tra for I
transcribing my —siiaiapl notes »nd !
was permit I tr> supply »11 »h«* p <> r. : " r '-- ;
in interest with full rupi*s «>r tii- irstt
i mon* taken at th. different Scoring-'. •
have an att*»ndan«-«- »>f ?>><V Th"y H
house,! in sewn buildings. On* bwiMsne
is civn up to th»- rommTcial school.
. . V 1V 1 ■"■"■'■ ■■■■■. ■■■ ■ ■ ■ ■-" ■
another t*> the painting trad*"}*, another
to the building trad**.- and th« industrial
art* a fourth to th- graphic art^-d
.sigr.insr and th»» lik«* — tin- Instrument
njikers and locksmiths. Th«» wood
workers have a building to thfrm^lvo.*;
th» butchers study ;»t :h*> city abattoir
and the gardeners* school has It.-* T.vn
buildings «md gardens. The yearly c«»s»t
is 5223.C9 A - Tuition, of courw. \s fr»—
anil th«* exp»-:ii:e3 are puiu r>y tn-* ciry
■
-
■ " — - 1 '
■
• -
;■I ■ •
plenty of i
' " *-
.. -
■ *•
■ ■ '
l
• - ' ".' . —
i
The second grent fact rpgariitne Thes^»
Muni schools IB that they a r« r.or. pri
marily, government Institutions*. It
should l-« remembered that the !*.wo
students who attend them ontnumbw ->!I
the students enrolled at Yale »nil Har
vard ti»«^ether. w«?Wy hours of »t
tendanace for each sr.Tid*»nt ar»« nr>r»
than half the av*>raa:«» hours «f an Amer
ican university student. And this frrmz
\ ,(]y t .f young- men is split UP into tn«^
tlTjn fifty highly specialized depart
ment?.
It" would cost tnillK-ns tn marh su-h 1
multitude o* things ad>nuately r, n s»?ch.
a scale if it were .... ro-op-ra
tion of the employers, and this rr>-or~
ration the H^rr Doktor has wr. n to » d«»
srP » whi'h v- in Amerira <an har«ft?"
understand. For every one "f th» rr^'l*
school? there i" an orsaniation of rh*
men who employ labor in that trad*,
which acts almost as a. board of rruste^a
Would do in op» of our own universities.
pTcLcrically every imr^rtant business
man in Miinich ia a ir>.*!nh*-r of one .^r
another of these bodies.
The union of employers meets to dis
cuss the problems of the school, proyidea
material for the boy 3 t«> work with at the
expense of its members, recommends
teachers for technical subjects, takes a
large part in arranging the course of
study, takes part in the examination of
apprentices and elects tin representa
tives, who constitute a majority of th-*
board of control, which has dire.-t eharse
of the school. The members take a per
sonal interest in the work, tend :h«*ir best
employes for special instruction, and in
many eases theniseHes act as instructors
on certain subjects.
To American educators this arrange
ment seems the n.ost striking thine
about the Munich system. Dr. Ker
..•■-■ has not only succeeded in
educating his boys up tv hia own hi:h
standards, but he has educated th<*
tradesman and the manufacturers of h.13
city as well, and has made them a solid.
energetic body of supr>orters. Without
them his great plans would have turned
out very differently.
The men who are tryir.? *" rappfy
America with, practical. e.rn>ient indus
trial schools believe that in enlisting ■ -„
employers Dr. Ken leinei has sron-*
to the very core of th»* matter. Th?y
brought him. to this ountry to show an
incredulous people a man who baa actu
ally dune the thing that they are tryins
to do. When we do have trade schools
in America, that give real helpful train
ing to the boy workman, they say. it wi'l
mean that the employers have realized
at last that the boy':» gain means their
rain. Perhaps, 100. it will mean that our
trade schools try to make nor mcr»!r
workmen, but men — that w<i have im
ported the Lebensanschauung.
J. 8.. Jr.
HIS IDENTITY DISCLOSED.
j.j.lpe—what do you do dtzrir.? ths WS9tll
Witness — Nothing".
Judge— And on Sunday?
Witness I take a. day off.
jj.^p^-Ph. 1 s po. What salary |mm ** •
city pay you? — Lappiiicotf a.
. ■VW'L I in:z my s£.^> into Ob* gra?hoplxaaa
j business/*
"Your faith." I remarked, ""was aTt thnz
j could have been «l»-sireti oa ths part at
I Bell and Taintt-r.~
"I did more than ir.vest ----- ,■• - ajv
Easton replied. "I say,» two y?ar3 of my
I time to the company without any salary.
I had been earning CO.CM) a year as a
government sreni~srax>her. I abamdor:pd *
good business in the belief that the ta'Tcin^
machtna ultim.ite'v would pay m«» far S»t
t>-r. a Judgment thai was j»:sti!ied in erery
respect.
"While I «a.~ ye: ,i srenosrrapher I u«o'<c
one of my laboratory machines with tc.<*
on all my tr;ivel^. I would send for th-»
newspaper reporters when I reaches! *
city like Chicago am! let them hear an-l
I see the very lat«t wonder in el.-otrioiry.
I Anions the sountl-" I repro«JuceO »sj th*
I crying of n»y own baby. That Darticulaj"
I demonstration was tremendously popular.
The machine, in short, created a bis *«"?i
soition. u..s was natural utiiler the circuin
; stances. Indeed, it is the srratest of all
I mechanical inv-:,ti. :■.-. «:"*•'««• than thn
telegraph, the telephone or the steam en
gine. It t^kes down the» voice of man
J just a* it sounds, recordsr.s ««very worJ
i und every shade uiul preserves it or coa-
Unuea it for ases tt> ci'nie.
"Stores were ijuickly i-stablL^h^d in a.l
the principal cities, and in each instunc.%
though we rented rooms tn th*> thicJs or
business, ihe slot machines paid all th»
expenses. In the mean time w^ wer«» .«'■:'.
tn^r grai'hophones and keeptni? our factory
busy. Stores were also opened in Europe.
The slot machines rinalty lost ...... inter
est, bur they had permitted us to fcuiM mj>
our retail business without «t>»n*«. *"""'
ha»l more than accomplished their pur
».-.»j.vrisht. 131". b" Jam's B Mo: ■ t'" *
jju. h is »!one in the nam* of fTisnlsSl?.
co art manj.
B