New-York tribune. [volume], November 29, 1911, Page 11, Image 59

About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

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pr? DIS WHARFAGE
...nimii?'?! fn*m tenth nan.
-- ?
r than th.* Halt
? ? I |
onomy of hand I
\. n York
?***?_, reK.-ir.le?! by Amer
II th?? ?v*?-?le?<t
?? mer
ge ?ning of ?team Navigation.
? a. -
New '
.... ...
?
i
' 'nder th??
?n??
? ? -.??
-
*, tantl?
hi
i
of th?
..
. iliS
h the Narro*?
-
-
i ? ?
I
l toi
;.*h of a S.
I ? ? ? ? ( Um .lay was
? ntrymi 'atu
?
?
-
more
tribe
B, the
ntinue
-
Gets Lind Under Water.
?
Hronx. and
??vhii-h
?
-
B
....
.rut in K
of the
?
- that
??
?
I ?
.-?s not
- occupy a
? .attan
'It SIX
Railroads, including railroad ferries, oc
rapy Lit mil?.,, ?r about eighteen miles
"I miles of waterfront, gtv
"'? ??** ?f wharfage room. Is used
ami miscellaneous wharfag<*.
Improvements have been ma?t from
time to time throughout tkts Manhattan
?? OB both river,, the most imrot- .
tant of la ?* yearn being the fhelsea dock*.
"??' ?orl* for th. m im.
:?*'??*. dr-dgir???*. began in 1900. Lsas
this cost and th.? valu.- of the r.-al est?t-.
- to tho ettjr waa ITjSTJMi Therol
are might Utaet extending Into the Hudson
n BlooaatMld an.l **2d streets. Four
f?*?>t long and four are 800 feet long, '<
the limits Impaaaj by the War Department.
Tarn) piers vary in width from 125 f.*et in the
? ? ' -t In th<* '!.
Um last and narrowest measures
i -.tire property was un?
der kan bafore ? ?mpi.-tion.
mard I.mi> has ri?*rs r?4 and 56.
Th?- Kr.-rch Line has Pier 5T.
Piers 58. 59. Hit. 6: ami .'?2 ?rere ]?*;)?.
the International, includim* the Whit
;?' Trnnsnort, Ameritan and Wilson .
Ion ar<- thai dorks of the '
nd on the Baal River
r>f th<> Pound steamers.
In tha earlier period ?if waterfron* devel?
opment II was the custom to let city land
transportation . omp.inies on,
rali system of teaurs
.??r, owlnf tu rapid
changes In values, and th. of late
.?it twenty
only, with v. for Increeeed rental
."*n mar?.
The Brooklyn Shoreline.
In Brooklyn tl
ft streets. "
? ?? of th?- Hush Terminal I
oontir.
? land fron
improvement of theee trat
th.- r "???. af
fordine m. n with the
th?* er?*ct:..n of four ;
roar?1
ft four tin*
?n ex
?
I
? <m.
It would, of et
?
? .::?? . ? . ?
.'vn. Man
municipal I
a the Hudson
north of T*
? ? id con
1 to the
Bg boroagl ?
? ! with t!
';ands
mopi im
? Brooklyn. Tl
out in Brooklyn be-:
? Parry an?]
(?ara
- to the Brooklyn Wharf
which DI I
from the
ponta. Lows. W-odruffs,
nd other oldtlme Brooklyn and
L-onK Island fan.
n, whi'-h I - DMd at
? ? of :mprovp
? ly the Ful
ak the,
I Its v.? .-? which to?
re than two hundred wa ?'house?,
U a
-?
warehouses. T sugar
?
?
and hair
A prl
?rarehom
th!? system, which Is pra*"*M?sf with It! nwr
I
u lorn;
? i
-
? .r-s, ar?
il ure <?f !?)
-
??oni-erns, so far ar lernet
as imports and .I.--.--1. art
. N'.'w *>>rk
raft when th.
?
TP, PPHrwp ' 186> MADISON SQUARE CAFE
ir,Lcin?j.>Li|i)4() MAD?SON SQLARE-HOILL
OFFICE
Hotel Belmore
. . . and Cafe . . .
Northeast Corner 25th St. and Lexington Ave.
New York
Centennial
Hotel
Cafe and
Restaurant
JOHN E. DALY,
Proprietor.
850 EIGHTH AVENUE,
N. E. Cor. 51st St.
NEW YORK
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS. SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS._| SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS._
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
The Pacific Mai! Steamship Company
il the pioneer line in the Pacific Ocean
carrying trade, for it was in the year
18*18 that the first steamer, the "Cali?
fornia." arrived in the Bay of San Fran?
cisco from Panama, carrying seekers
after gold, which had but recently been
discovered in California. From that
year until the present time the com?
pany has maintained a large fleet oi
steamers, gradually devetopiag from
the bid type of wooden, -ddewheel
??earners to the present up-to-date, fast.
oecan-Br.'ing steel ves-e!, with her twin
screw-, magnificent accommoda
wireless telegraphy, submarine signals
and other features for the comfort and
safety oi pa^-engers and the efficient
rgoei [1 was in
IPtJ. and. significantly cm ugh, on the
lay of January, that the Trans
Line was established with the
sailing of the steamer "Colorado," and
that line was for a long time
small and insignificant compared with
the Panama Line, it was not long be?
fore ?I outstripped the latter, an I
since grown steadily in importance,
until t ?day H maintains i Bed
ers which vie with th?* best re
i the Atlantic Ocean, and which
. few ifayi api
Mail Steamship Company
re, at once the oldest ami the
?
M oldest in -
year?: and newest in lernity
of fleet an?l equipment it is
hie that no steamship company in
has such a large |
f the
-i\ compri ? Trans Pa *ific rleet
having been less than n i
their builder-' yarda, and the
last word in naval ruci
The mac f the Pa?
dre that ever;,
shall find him- l happy in his
- "un. lux-:
? ; of
ventilation and a cuisine of the hi)
de
mands that more than double the num?
ber of days be spent on shipboard than
does that of the Atlantic. The cele?
brated caterer, Mr. V. Moroni, has
brought the cuisine of the shins to an
unrivalled standard of excellence. The
ships are, therefore, designed for the
?ervice for which they are intended.
Structurally able to cope with the buf
fetings of the North Atlantic, their ap?
pointments are such as to provide the
greatest amoutit of comfort in the long
voyage of the placid Southern Pacific.
It was but a few years ago that they
took their places in the service, fresh
fron the builders' bands and worthy to
uphold :n these days of modern steam
navigation the traditions that were es?
tablished in those days of sailing ves?
sels when the Yankee clipper was su?
preme.
The company brought out th<* "K<*
i aster ships of
iH.onn t'-ns. followed t
by the " ' and "Manch
sister _.~ 00 tons. Thes**
tine ships, with th- ever popular
"China." ? tons, and the "Per?
sia." of 9, ? ? compris?* the pres?
ent Tram :"ef.
One of the particular attractions of
Southern Pacific rout?*, or "Sun
??bine Belt," aside from thi
t'Ttn, ice and :
break in what "therwise would
? ? thi ng voyaj ?the
-? I lulu, in the
Hawaiian [slai ijn is the
-re. run from the Golden (?ate to
Honolulu Harbor, a distance of 2 -t? h ?
miles. Departing fr?>m Honolulu, the
course i- westward rhr- ?utrh the Ha?
waiian Archipelago. Twelve BUI
miles - ? Kauai. the last of the
pr"i:p. the -v.-imrr pas?-?*-; th- 1 mgitU
dina! - . whi?cfa has been es
? e interna* ?
and here a day is li
this ! I on Wednesd
: la
ter leaving H
lulu the ship enters the Ray ? i Ye
. -
i, the ca** ta!
The next p. irt ? ;
Kobe, the much favored port of Japan
owing to the extreme dryness of thi
the air and its central location. Fron
Kobe to Nagasaki, the next stop, th?
steamer route is through the famou'.
Inland Sea. It is more truly a nat?
ural canal than a sea, and the sce?
nery throughout its entire length is
surpassingly beautiful and arouses en?
thusiasm and comparison with that
of Switzerland and the reaches of the
Rhine. Nagasaki is the last port of
call in Japan, whence the steamer
makes her way to China, dropping
anchor at \Voosung, at the mouth of
the Yangtse River, from which point
travellers are conveyed by swift
launches to Shanghai, a distance of
about fourteen miles. Shanghai is the
greatest cosmopolitan metropolis of the
Far Fast and is within easy reach of
Peking, the capital of China. From
Shanghai the voyage is to the British
colony of Hongkong, the terminus of
the line, and one of the most interest?
ing places in the world. Canton and
lU are within easy distance. This
route is varied about once monthly,
.1 -teamer. instead r>i coing to
ghai, proceeds from Nagasaki di?
rect to Manila, in the Philippine Isi
?? ? ?-?? .rning to il**ng
The distance from San Fran
? ng Kong is some 7,500 miles,
to a about twenty
da-. - are - '.. every ?me of
-riences.
..i Line the Pacific Mail
: pany maintains tu
vice- ?' about a dozen ves
- tor regular pi
Rer .-. -
I iuate
Nicaragua,
I the I mal Zone. c?*n
' - m with steamers fi *
ind the "ther an ex?
iling
t from *
"here with
the I id and on the other
M
- It can
ind de
rk in i little more'
than ? ?
Th? any maintains offices in
.
? and
xeeutive offices
rk, and
! operating offices a
g, San Fra
OCLAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY
Th?- ? ,:inah" it ? :
? in 1791?Jum
-
? . ?
?he bon Shp ana t.ie fir?
nty-flv?
M
1 !h- r- ? :na.
p. the
f lli>' r-m;i!kaM.- >'.-?v.-iopn ???
I
??
twr?
?
I
? .
?
Ing in
-
- ?.) th?
.
?
-
?t of $1
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I
-
-
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hutlii
?
' a.lroad
It '
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I
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in.-he.l
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-
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ictlon o?
?
?
-.1? i?f
?
. . ?!>. .uni
?
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?
f over
?teamem t!..
art for
I ??? freight.
, ? transit
?
?: lent la
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my ?teecnsl
*
eatt ???'?* win ai? ?
rloilty
of i able may be m.i l
-i.iviiui.Ui I.
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oth?-- *
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. thus
-
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: -.air. ar..| N
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.i!i and
point.? . ?I fotmd ai H'
'
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M ? ' M
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aune
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i
i
John H?',ich A S?iti?. of Now York '
? - ? '
? ?hipa.
?
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:! th? numl ? ?
i
toVkoartag ti? eara now many chanif?
I ?
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to an .
pota . " ?*"??*
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a letal at
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r. weed ton torn ?
ii??-? inflleloiM tor Iba
n wlt?i thu
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be ???IP-?-.
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m.th? la tu? **U*"a*>*><aU**yta| ilu?. Tue-, ?
...
librarles, ?it ?-aller.???*, publl
.
Mniii temper
'
?.uiiiiner reigns, * i.umtv from
?.-??
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? ??? th nimmt and
i .?? i
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I HIT
nalrn?I (?read P la? r?.<-? uf !*?>. an.) lwin Tu
?i,..
Inka arid ?
The
and vlalt? ?.
? r the \ an
u.ei. arblrti ?r.- I .
t. le m - *
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and puta.' ??piritr?) p.?? ; Rmaat
' whiilii'ale
? of.-ri un
? :t; a)??.il ?
a? mnah ha? nine
.n !.i?i?iri
a .-;! lent meaa? tia?
..ma i., flnanr? ?-?v. i prise? uf
-? i .lert
. ?nrmli
> nie th? ?tramai
? k<*r
.?h I.aie .ai! frnm l".'-r
??? 'I u?-?ida> .
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, i v, ?dnaadey anA
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m
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New y ' ' I ?'W.iry
?ud ?d'? ent to the Grand (_>ntr??l Terminal.
_SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS. f SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
AL UMIN UM
THE IMMUTABLE METAL AXD ITS MULTITU?
DINOUS USES.
HOW A GREAT INDUSTRY HAS GROWN FROM A SMALL BEGIN
NTNG.
When the imposing shaft erected
the nation's capital In memory of t
republic's first President was finished,
ISSa, there was placed on th? topmc
pinnacle of the monument a capping
aluminum?a rare metal. It is there y<
storm defying, undlmmed. untamlsh"
everlastlng!
"Silver from clay." It had been call"
and its cost vas about the same as I
ver. .?orne $16 a pound.
Just at that time a student In cher
istry In a comparatively obscure Oh
university town?Oberlin?was bringii
to ft SUliOSSful conclusi?n his ?liseov?*
of a chi'ap m?*th?id of aluminum man
facture throogfj slectrotytta process*
and a new industry was to be born. T
?lay aluminum of greater purity ths
that used nn the Washington Monume
is avalla)!- in unlimited quantities at
prlCS <>f 28 <?? nts a p'jund.
Although iron if the most common
our metals, aluminum is even mo
abundant ;n nature, for It soasttt?!
about 8 rpr c?nt of the earth's cru*
and Is therefore Inexhaustible In qua!
Aluminum is the basic metal i
all clays; It enters into the composite
Ot nearly all rocks; the ruby and tl
.sapphire are substantially nothing mo
than pure aluminum and oxygen. Tl
turquoise, the topaz, the garn?*t and tl
?fett? their cnstituei
aluminum to the analyst?and yet It wi
only in the early part of the nlnet?en1
century that its SXtStSSWS was barel
suspect?"-?!.
It was not until 1S0S that Sir Hun
phrey Davy suggested the hypothes
that clav and many rocks of similar foi
matlon depended on some metal as the
This suggestion bore slow frui
though worked on by many brilliant ir
veatlgmton, such as Harp. Slllimai
? torstsd an?l Bersilius. for it was not ur
til l?*-: that the German chemist Free
s Woshlsr first leoiatod alumlnui
und obtained it 'n the form of a. powde
and after many years of exr"*rimei
thereafter first su?-ceeded. in 1MB, in ol
taining it in small metallic globules, b<
coming thereby the actual discoverer (
the metal.
It was not until 1S?S4 that the Frene
chemist Devilie. by improvement? i
Woehler*s m-thods. obtained alumlnui
in an almost pure state and determine
Ht true pronerrles.
The iirst metal obtained by Devllle i
the form of '.?ars was used by him in
medal of aluminum presented by him t
his patron. Napoleon III. who had sur
plied the funds necessary for the costl:
experiments, ami in the manufacture c
ibjr rattle for ths infant Pr!n?'e lm
perial. and sum" small articles mad
from aluminum at that time
on the markst at s pries of |M s pouni
In i**."i?;-,".?
total of fifty or sixty pounds of metu
produced by costiv chemical method?
Its manufacture then and for a At
ther ? little m??r
than a laboratorv aapeiinsent b
we tind it at * -.ii. n in th
form ?if si..-. ?.-. to ST finish
: I, t OliSlied, entrri--' ??! I r. i M
in tr ' i view <>f ths man- dlftVulti
that had to be overcome in producing i
"n the modest seal?* then in operation
?:n purifying and moulding it. Afte" i
lapse of an? ther d< -???? sgaln i
the Fans Exposition in 1878 the ?
the production Ot ti f cheml ?:?
met h g 4 tl!
a pound?a price much to.? hij?h I
mi" any general use of the new an?
raising meta:. This condition existe.
tot am tl le. s Ith a (radas
. ; enint*- of tO improv
d sodium pn'ductiun. but it WSJ
only thro iffh :.ti??n nt tin
stud- [.Hall that aluminun
: be ?produced .it ? pries which irouU
i . snd gsnsral use in mn
merce, and .1 new m? In m? taUiirgica
try beg.m wh?-n, in 1888, the Pitts*
:
ize.i and i"-g.,n in a small way to mann
. iminum by steam gsnsrslo
Pitl nrgb un :
Hal! pro? ?
The Hail process was one throng*
which aluminum was directly r
from -.: means
combine th" ? ? ? >? . lectric
furnace and the ek axth. The
inum oxide
obtained from bauxite, In which the
alumina is d; - the mil
therewith of the stable solv-r.t cr?
in
.:" Its bath, leaving the solvent
unaffe I
This discovery vas s new and im
ports ? i; was mora than
la the art-it w.ts a
?n the art. It reduced at 0SM
pound ts ,;."
:nd it laid the foundation on
which '. new and g*---at Industry was to
,'-d.
in 1883 ? -ry t<*.?k another for
ward step by locating I rodUCtlon plant
in Niagara Falls as tlie first important
"eli trie power ?? y the
? onstructsd catara? t plant at that
?: the small beginnings ot
** ' when three men wer- .?inpl.?ved in
irgh, ?\:ih a dally pr?*-lu?-tion of
Bfty pounds, tl prown la Um
two -:? ' ueiaess of sptend :
portions, employing MMSS fiv.? thousand,
with a yearly output ol many million? "f
pound ?
in i:h>s th?* Pittsburgh Bad lethm O m
puny became the i 1 imtnum i'.'mpa
Amiica. .? DSD UMTS indl<ati\ ?*
and this oompasq IS 't
th?* present time n-?-rating bauxite
inin<?s it: Arkansas and QsOTgjta- a larg?*
??re r.'tinuig plant in Kaat St. Louis,
. Falls
and MM at KSSSSSM, N Y. S"|MH"S
: from its ? xnle. lotet her with
rolling mu?s at Haw Km ? \ Pensv,
and Niagara Falls, and wire drawing.
?i and insulating mills at Muesen-i.
Its product emhra?*BS pure metal in in?
got f"rm. many giudsa of ?asttng all??\s.
tubing, plates, sheet. ?m,J, shapes, wire.
? aide, et.
It ia ?if interest to tniktW tho steps in
th.- pfOSSBi empl??\?-?l l?y thi.-s company
:n brmslng aluminum from th .?re bed
te th?- market
Rauxtte, which ts hydrate?! ..xide of
.ii.oiinum. the firm vuluable deposit of
which ? an discovered 'n the vicinity of
Lea Baux. Ut France arom which ???
name was taken), ie found In consider?
able abundance In ?l?verai of the atatea
of the United States, the moat Impor?
tant deposite being In Alabama, Georgia,
Tenneaaee and Arkansas. The deposita
are usually pockety In formation, and
open cut mining Is mainly employed.
The crude material Is calcined, namely,
the surplus moisture driven off, and is
shipped to the ore refining; plant at East
St. Louis for concentration, where a pe?
culiarity in the metallurgy of aluminum
determines the first step. As is well
known, with the ores of most other
metals It is simply necessary to concen?
trate and ser>aratrt the true ores from
the gangue by mechanical means based
on the different densities of the constit?
uent parts, the resultant ores being then
smelted and the lmpurlt'***? worked oat
l.y various metho.ls ?jf refining. Bauxit**,
however, contains aluminum oxide, not
metallic aluminum, and the concentra?
tion employed necessarily consists In
separating this oxide from its accom?
panying ?-lay and metallic Impurities,
such as iron oxide, silica, titanic acid,
etc, and the process employed at East
St. Louis takes advantage of the fact
that alumina ?aluminum oxide) forms
with soda a compound called sodium
alum?nate, which Is soluble In water.
while the Impurities above named are
Insoluble. Sodium alum?nate, formed
either by roasting th? bauxite with car?
bonate of soda or by digesting with
caustic soda in a closed vessel under
pressure. Is then separated from its Im?
purities by filtration and by washing the
residue with hot water, and Is then de?
composed, the alumina being thrown out
of solution as a hydrato and carefully
washed to free it from soda salta This
hydrate Is then thoroughly dr'ed. and is
a pure white powder not unlike fine
sand. This powder is shipped to the
various red ictlon works at Niagara
Falls and Massena. where it Is subj.- ? :
to the H.ill process of red notion previous?
ly described, the product of these works
bated matalH?* aluminum obtained from
the alwteoljrUc baths in the form of pig.
After melting this pig and recasting the
metal In a more convenient form of
to-got, aluminum is ready (off the mark t.
m . >h of Um teempemy*t product is sold
in tfei form of Ingot for fabrication by
other metal working concerns, though a
substantial portion goes to the rod and
?rira mil] at Massena for the making at
electrical cablas, and a very larg?*
amount ts supplied to the great sheet
mills opantai by the company at New
Kensington and Niagara Falls, where.
after a tona* course through a series of
roughing and finishing rolls, the alumi?
num emerges in beautiful, polished
sheets and platea of var<.us gauges.
lengths and ?rldtha, It can be rolled
-??eets of .OOOf inch. It can be
beaten into leaf equal to the best leaf
manufacture.! in tha world.
Th?* Aluminum ContptUnp of America
has been not only a pioneer in new
fields, it is the virtual creator of the
vast aluminum industry, and its work
will stand to industrial history as a
classic ?.se , f a ttXPpMp creating a use.
and demand?an exception to the ?suai
rule of economics.
The radical reduction to price brought
about by tha Hall process and by the
water power at Niagara, as well
as through the vast!;.- enlarged prodti' -
? * ( metal, ennl kt?l aiumir.um to !?*
come a competitor of other and more
c? mmon metals, and the one time "silver"
from clay*' has had its field of useful
? DM adened that It now enters
largely into the everyday life of the
people in thousands of div?rs;:'<-d ways
and has wor. fur itself a distinctive place
in the metallurgy of the world.
Th?> nation's meals ai* bast cooke-d
?n aluminum utensils: it materially aids
in making the best steel; it makes eu
- bodies and other automobile
parti- ?rTViloy it in many ways;
aluminum ? M Ufa everywhere ???en
i.nd mad; ?t is rapidly supplanting brass,
z.nr and other metala In surprising and
manifold ways. It serves as a con?
ductor at ele?-tri<*a; energy and trans?
mits erar thonaanda of miles at glisten
ins cablea tha power of falling water to
hundreds of cities throughout tre |
rppublic. It was carried by Peary to
and bf ?-ha-kleton to
? ?' - "h"!
What may be said of the futur?? "f
this young gtant of the metal world?
. far r ttOUt the aluminum tipped
Washington Monument .ut f*M a pound?
to the swift moving aaffVJfnaWM ?a.t St
????ms a pound), yet that change baa
?' rought within a quarter of ?
-?
The gigantic stn.l.s of the past two
lu more tra?
in the world of i-om
as the v.ars roll on, and some
r-cnt use? he? tor*aabd??oa* its coming
suprema ' , Amot.i* I I ba P * -
ing importance ? .m I i ?M pa
p. i trade in thai manufacture of sulphide
pulp, in the production of ammonia
?rom ' >'oke ovens as a con
iti the Lr.-w.-ry business,
raining ratO of enornv us slie; In
condenser tubes, where other metala are
rapidly corroded and attacked by liquors
or fumes, as a > OBtajMf for the rap?
idly advancing and highly important in
dnstrv of nitric acid fixation from the
atmosphere; as material for the es?
sentially lightweight gas engines for
motor boats ?otoa?sMoo and the newly
developed aeroplane and dirigible bal
When we consider the coming and In
ovitebk ei.-?*tr'.fi.*atli'n of steam trunk
line systems and the harn.?ssing of Die
thirty million ??r more of horsepower In
our present dormant streams and th?
enormous demand thereby created for
???n.lu.tor 1u.1U.r1.1l. when it ts realized
that when our iron ore is all gone, our
cupper und zinc and other metals ex?
hausted, th.- rlnal (l?*i"*inii MO of th?
world toff metal must he atumnum; It
needs no prophet to predu*t the future
? it Um buati.ess. it is as bright as a sheet
of its own pur? aaatall
It may well he aummed up In a few
wor i? WtVruver iion-corroalve, non
polsonoue metal is required, wlierevar
ilghtneas combined with strength is ea
sentlal. aluminum rtnds iu field and
highest, uaefulmas. K.vrv advance in
its ma-iufaotur*. e\ery lc-M?n?d ceaat,
vouceina **a whole world: