New-York tribune. [volume], February 18, 1912, Page 2, Image 16

About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

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Eugenists Would Improve Human Stock
by Blotting Out Blood Taints
CLASSED AS A HIGH GRADE IMBECILE, THIS GIRL. EIGHTEEN YEARS
OLD. POSSESSES THE BRAIN OF A CHILD OF SEVEN.
Scientists Are Studying How to Cut Down the Aw?
ful Cost to Mankind of Bad Heredity, Which
Often Swells from a Tiny Pool to a Black
Ocean of Mental Defectiveness.
IN A certain school In n South N? w J
sey town is n young woman, rot i
attractive in appearance, the story
whose ancestry when it is published
book form-and It is to be?is likely to ci
ate a great deal of interest wherever it
read. The contour and pigmentation of r
features and the dark color <?f her ha
which she ties with a pink ribbon, are si
flclently Italian to warrant one in assui
ing that she was ?of thai nationalitj if o
*? n*. t her in Mulberry Bend Park. He) ;
M genltors, however, lived In New J.-rsey le
r before the American Revolution, and th<
descendants comprise a family well kn??v
In that state.
The girl herself, or perhaps one shou
call her a woman, for she is twenty-thr
years old, has the appearance of a well fe
ha ved person, and. Indeed, she is. i
medium height. BBS does not look her at
and if one w( Dg it she would
put down as In her early teens. Physical
she is a woman, however. Unfortunate!
mentally she Is not. Physically she
equipped with all the normal Instincts
womanhood: mentally, nature has left th?
ront rol in the hands of a child <>f ten yeai
In other w??:?ls. she is not fitted to ta!
care of herself in the average ? nvironme
which the world offer*. Many porsoi
would fln?l It difficult to believe this
first glance, and not a few would be i
elined to put her down as a woman of bl
Instincts if ?he chanced to go wrong whi
dependent upon her own resources
HER PATHETIC RECORD.
Her training in this school, which, it me
be said, Is the \, w Jersey Training Bebo
at Vlneiand, began twelve <?r thirteen yeai
ago. She was born in an almshous?-, tl
fourth illegitimate child of a feebl.-min.lf
mother, who was OM ai ? (godly of nlr
and a servant. Hef father was n??nni
physically and mentally. Although sin- hi
been in school many years, she can rea
only elementary books, being unable to d
more than pick out words in a third reade
?be can write a chll Is letter, but does n'
find pleasure either in jeadlnK Of wrltinj
She Is, however, practically self-supportin
In the s. hool. as she Is one of the bet
workers among the pupils. While she car
not plan her work, she can cut a dress, ru
an electric sewing machine, take care c
children ar.d s.-t a table. Curiously, how
ever. In order to know how many plates t
put upon the table It is necessary for he
to know th.- persons wh?> are to use then
?lh* does not count the plates, but nam.
them. The placing <?f a given number, i
they be for st rann? is, is beyond her.
This unfortunate srirl does not reaiiz
wl at she owes to her Revolutionary ar
restors, what their legacy to her wa-'
Patient Investigation of over a year'
duration, including the examination o
records an?l talk?, with persons who pos
sessed clews to the trail of the protoplasr
which segmented into this girl and mor
than 7*i0 other persons forming this re
markahl? Illustration of n Jekyll an?
Hyde inheritance, have led bark to a N'ev
Jersey noldler of good family. He met I
young woman of the woods near th?
camp. He had, perhaps, never seen he
before, and It Is believed he never <li<
again. The woman, who has been prove.
to have been feeble-minded, went he
way and he. the normal son of norma
? ancestry, went his. In due course a soi
was born.
A MOST LAMENTABLE CROP.
The lad. when he grew up, was als<
subnormal In mental capacity. He mar
ried a normal woman and had nlneteer
children, the oldeat of whom had seven?
teen offspring. The taint was in th?
blood. From one of these the zealou*
but defective girl at Vlneiand is descend?
ed. To make a long story short, the
soldiers wild oats have borne frul!
through descending generations to the
extent of 381 persons, of whom 143 were
feeble-minded, 36 born illegitimately, 21
alcoholics, 3 epileptics, 3 criminals and
S keepers of houses of ill fame. Of the
number, 82 providentially died In Infancy
and 36 were socially unfit owing to dis?
ease and other causes. There were only
46 normal persons in the whole progeny.
ThiB Is only half the story, however.
The soldier afterward married a Rood,
normal Quaker woman of hla own "set"
and had live daughters and two sons.
Five of these heirs In turn had children
and their descendants have married Into
the very best families of New Jersey.
Of the 384 heirs of his blood in this
branch 36" aro known to have been nor?
mal and fifteen died In Infancy. Although
there is a love of alcoholic beverages In?
herent In the Dr. Jekyll branch. It has
been fought successfully by all except
two of the 884 persons comprising It.
One, through the introduction of a strain
of insanity by marriage, was insane and
one was socially unfit.
The story which lies behind the girl
at Vlneiand, who needs to he protected
through a considerable portion of her life
for her own ?good as well ns that of so
eiety, points several "morals." A certaii
well known publicist of this country ha
had a great deal to say about "race sul
dde" and the need for large famille*. [1
this family one feeble-minded hoy ha?
a.s many descendants a* seven norma
son;; and daughters on the other Sid?
The country would have been much I ?'t
ter ort without his progeny.
Investigation tends to prove that th?
feeble-minded have larger families thai
normal-minded persons, if the steriiiza
tlon law, which was recently adopted Ii
New Jersey, had been in the statute hook?
In the days of the Revolution and applle?
in the case of the woman of tl ?? woo? I
or her feeble-minded fon the saving t'
the state and to society would have beei
very great. Neither the woman nor bei
son would have suffered as a conaequenc?
And last, but n?>t least, the story Is an
important document in the case for tlM
Seteno? of eugenics.
It has been estimated that in the United
States one In every ihre" hundred person;
is f? ?1.1?-minded?that is, la?klng the men?
tal development to match the physical
.e'lUipnicnt. The rnlnils of these unfortu
nates stopped unf??l?iing when they wen
seven, eight, nine or ten yean old. Physi?
cally they have grown up with the Instincts
and capadtlea ?if normal persons, but they
without the control of an adult min?l.
According to the degn.f mental devel?
Opinent Which they oxliii.it. these defective?
are classified as morons, or feeble-minded
persons of high grade, imbecile:? and idiots
The first class is a particular menace to
society, because, in many ?as?s, owing to
the fairly good appearance of the subject,
It Is difficult to convince others that h?' or
she Is feeble-mlmt?ed an<l ought to )><? segre
gated in s?>me way for the protection of th?
future ?if the community. Without full nor?
mal mental control of their Instincts, the
potyer to resist environment, the capacity
for choosing hetwe.'n th?' light an?! the
wrong, thiv form good toll for the devel?
opment of criminals, drunkards and prosti?
tutes. It is known lhat more than It P< r
cent of criminals are feeble-minded. With?
out power to meet the complex ????ndlllons <?f
social environment they have falb-n be?
fore i;.
it has b. en demonstrated ?conclusively
that < pllepsy is hereditary. Dated on data
???.11??ted at the State Village for Epileptics,
at Sklllman. N. J., It Is asserted that at
the present t?te of increase the number of
epileptic an?l feeble-minded in that state in
1940 will be double what it Is now, and that
the proportion will be one to every 125 ot
the population In 1970. If no mor?' re?
straint is Imposed upon epileptics than at
present, the population suffering from this
ailment will double in that state every
thirty years.
THE INSTANCES ARE MANY.
This problem of bad heredity finds Illus?
tration in many nlmshouses. A girl with?
out mental stamina to cope with her en?
vironment and Instincts finds herself about
to become a mother. Perhaps she Is a
servant In some household and is compelled
to leave her place. She goes to the alms
house and an Illegitimate child, probably
as feeble-minded as herself, Is bom. hhe
goes out In course of time, and perhaps In
a year or two returns for the same reason.
Among the inmates at Vlneland is a girl,
tho daughter of a feeble-minded woman and
a normal man, not united In matrimony.
The story of her ancestry was investigated
and It Is told by Dr. Goddard, the psychol?
ogist of the training school, In this lan?
guage :
"Here we have a feeble-minded woman
(referring to the inmate's mother) who has
had three husbands, including one 'who
was not her husband.' This woman was a
hamlsome girl, apparently having Inherited
some refinement from her mother, although
her father was a feeble-minded, alcoholic
brute. Somewhere about the age of seven?
teen or eighteen she went out to do house?
work In a family In one of the towns of
this state. She soon became the mother
of an illegitimate child. It was born In an
almshouse to which she fled after she had
been discharge?l from the home where she
had been at work.
"After this charitably disposed people
tried to do what they could for her, giving
ber a home for herself and her child in
return for the work which she could do.
However, she soon appeared in the same
condition. An effort was then mado to
discover the father of this second child, and
when he was found to be a drunk? n, feehle
mlnded epileptic living In tho neighborhood.
In order to save tho legitimacy of the child
her friends saw to It that a marriage cere?
mony took place. I?ater another feeble?
minded child was born to them.
"Then the whole family secured a home
with an unmarried farmer In the neigh?
borhood. They lived there together until an?
other child was forthcoming, which the
husband refused to own. When finally the
farmer acknowledged this child to be his
the same good friends Interfered, went into
the courts and procured a divorce from
the husband and had the woman married
to the father of the expected fourth child.
This proved jo be feeble-minded, and they
XLTHOUGti TfirfZTLElS YEf?f?S Old THIS
CflffL IS ONLY
SIVLN YZmS OLD MEIfTMCY
VHYSICBLLY H WO/?J?Jr,3ETW??]*r 2S ?iJO
TEAKS, MENTALLY SHE rs
ONLY S/X . SHE H?S f?f?E,alE.-tVNLEU SISTER
have had four other feeble-minded children,
making elrht in all, r-orn of this woman
"This woman had four feeble-minded
brothers and sisterr. These are all mar?
ried and have children The younger sit?
ter marri"d a feeble-minded man and had
f.irec children. Two of these are lasM*?
minded and the other died in Infancy.
There were six other brothers and sisters
who died In Infancy."
Portions of this story could be dupli?
cated In a large proportion of the towns
and cities of the Enited States. It has
characteristics which will be recognized as
familiar by th? kindly disposed of these
communities.
The biologist has demonstrated that cer?
tain defects are transmissible and their
presence Ifl the next generation can be
foretold. The .eugonlst. therefore, s'cklni?
"the Improvement of tho stock," must de?
vise some means of stopping the flow of
the taint. Segregation and ftTtllzatl' n
have been suggested
The biologist has also demonstrated that
good qualities can be passed on. The
eugeni-t Is following him up by pointing
out that the human race should not only
be relieved of the Incubus of the unfit, but
improved by the Introduction of qualities
which will fit It to cope with the increas?
ingly complex problems which are being
thrown upon it by Its p?rslstent efforts t?i
conquer the forces of nature. That there
In a growing feeling thHt something can be
accomplished In this dln^ctlon has been
shown by the Increasing numbers who hav<
attended conferen<*?s on the subject at the
Erooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences
this winter and the number of new b?wiks
which are now being Issued.
"But how are you going to Improve the
human race?" some one asks. "Who is to
decide what qualities the human race
should possess? You can develop horses
that will run well, or draw heavy loads, and
cows that will be excellent for milk or
butter production, but who Is to pick out
the type of man to be developed?"
The eugenist replies that those possess?
ing the most desirable natural qualities
from the human point of view should he
mated with families of normal character
DR. HENRY H. GODDARD.
Which have demonstrated raraclty for
maintaining their numbers He takes a
pHK< oui of the conservationist's book an?!
argues regarding the human protoplasm. In
the words of Saleeby: "There is no wealth
but life; and If th?- Inherent ??unlity of Ufa
fails, neither battleships, nor libraries, nor
symphonies, nor free trade, nor tartrt
reform, nor anything else will save a na?
tion."
In Knpland It has been demonstrated that
for some reason 12 per cent of the Indi- (
vlrluals of one generation are producing j
0-T-?
4-t-(S)
?-*-?
(?W-&-T-?
?-Hsl ..?trr?
?-*T-0
(gh-T-{__
?
?-i-t
?-T-Ej
i
THE STORY OF A REVOLUTIONARY
SOLDI?R'S DESCENDANTS.
The hand on the right lower corner indi?
cates the illegitimate Heir of his blood
now in the Vineland institution for
feeble-minded. The 384 descendants of
himself end his normsl Qusker wife
include only four known to be sub-nor
mal. His own sneestry, ss the chart
shows, wss perfectly normsl. N?Nor?
mal. F?Feeble-minded. A square
maana a man, a circle a woman.
one-half of the children of the succeeding
generation, the other half being the prog
>nv of the remaining SX per cent. This
proportion apparently holds good in the
different levels of society. In OttMT words.
a small **TOUp ?>f MCfe ?las.?* possesses un?
usual fertility.
Th? eugenlst ask*; "Il th? !" any relation
between this superfertillty an?i the posses?
sion of desirable <?r undesirable character?
istics'* It has been asserted that In Eng?
land to-day there Is .1 dearth of youthful
ability In various walks of life. The num?
ber of murders and homicides to a million
persons is reportad to have nearly trebled In
the last fifteen yeara, in that country the
"defective" < lasses doubled In number in
the period bet u un i?;t ami IMC and in 1S*?1
more than one-third of the Idiots and luna
tits were legally married and f 1 ??<? to re
I toduce their kind.
In the l'nlteil States the latlo of insane
in the total population was Hi In lOt'.HiO In
?HE, as compared with ix."? In tin- ?ame num?
ber in iw). About IMM trate suppoasd ta
be Uasegregated. Two-thirds of the pau?
pers In Institutions are reported to have
? hlldren. an?! to be themselves deficient
The rough total of defective ami dependen!
lias been estimated to he .l.ilOO.O??, or about
S per cent of the population of the United
Ptat?s. It has been shown la recent years.
In England In particular, that the middle
en?! upper classes, which supply the thlnk
??<?*-. baders ami organizers, are decreasing
In numbers and that the net fertility of the
undesirables Is greater than the net fer?
tility of the normal types of the more ea
I able classes.
Investigation suggests that ability can he
transmitted. The class lists of Oxford for
ninety two renn showed thai M pet cent
Of those who won first honors had had
fathers who had won first or s?*?'ond hon?
ors, that tt per cent of the second honor
men were the sons of men who had take 1
first or second honors in their day. and that
of the ordinary degree men only 14 per cent
had fathers of this class. It has also 1.9
fourni that marriage between IW0 famille
Inheriting ability will result In a _real>r
proportion of chlMrcn of ability than
where one side of the house Is mediocre.
I There are not a few famous illustrations^
THIS MAN, THIRTY-SEVEN YEARS OLD, HAS ONLY THE MENTALITY
OF A CHILD OF EIGHT AND ONE-HALF YEARS.
Startling Examples Are Many?A Single Instance.
Here Recorded, Reveals the Extension of
a Crop of Wild Oats Into a Morass of
Hundreds of Wretched Lives.
of the transmission of particular ebtlltj
such as th.- Bach family, which pn
musicians for eight generations, nt thl
family, twenty-nine, mor? or less generall
known, assembled al ?>n?- gathering. Th
family of Titwn (Vlcelll) Included nln
pointera of merit In the Darwin famll:
there were! Erasmus; his gramlsor,
.'liarles, the fa moil:- expound? -r "f th
-, of evolution: franela Oalton, v.-h?
. . .1 the Idea of his cousin, Charle
Darwin, forward to th.- point of con
selection and set people to thinking o
eugenics," >>r the "improvement of th
human stock'; a mathematical astror.o
mer ?-f high rank, a professor of plan
. ? Cambridge Unlveralty and ai
inventor of scientific instruments Of pre
? Ision.
In this country the A<l*ms family, t?
Abbott family and tha r-?* cher family ar
notable. Particularly remarkable In thl
category la the family of Jonathan Ed
wards. Of tha UBi descendants Mentirle
in ir?", according t?. Wlnehip'a account o
??.. ..-. wcer college graduate?, i
Of <?ur greatest coll-ges an?l I
?profeiwors In colleges, besides many wh?
were principals of other important educa
tlonal Institutions; B physicians, many o
whom were eminent; mora than M clergy
men, missionaries <?r theotoglcal pi??
:. .?filers In the army and navy
,.-? promlnenl authors and writer*, b]
1 whom M ?hooka ol merit tren written an?
publish.-?! an?l II Important perio.il? al
edited; mora than 100 lawyer?, of
one was nur most eminent professor o
law,' :in?l S?; M liel.l public oftlc*
of whom i was V'lce-Prestdenl of tin
I'nlted Siates. 1 w. r<- l'n!t??d States S??n
at.?is; others were I ?'"*? vriuirs. m?mbers 0
1 Congress, framera of state constitutions
mayors ??f cities and ministers to foretgi
courts, and 12 railroads, tunny banks. In
BUrOnce companlea and large Industria
enterprises have been indebted to theh
i management.
"Almost if noi evcrv department of SO
i dal progn sa and ??f th?* public weal ha.
felt t??.- impulse of tills healthy and lonK
lived family. It Is not known that any ?n.
of them was ever convft ted <?f crime."
WHEN THE DRAG IS REMOVED.
The Stlgenlal believes that the humar
??toik can be developed Into families of thl?
character wh?-n the drag of the until ha*
. leen removed ; when th?- blokXfUl has traced
'more fuiiy th? effect ?>f comblnatlona ol
physical an?! psychic characteriati?ca, and
when BOdety has been educated to the point
Of ralslnK the requirements for marriage,
For the elimination of the Incubus <?f defec?
Uva stock eegreg mon and stertllaatlon have
been suggested. Connecticut, Indiana and
New Jersey have sterltsatio*. lawa Por the
matin?: ?if the fit it has been proposed that
persona be compelled to submit to exam?
ination before they marry, and marriages
of those who an- found unfit prohibited. In
one of the Pacific colonlea of .'.rent Britain
I it is reporte?! that this suggestion is made
? more practicable by simply requiring the
examination, leaving It to the conscience.-: of
tha parties t<> decide whether they shall a.-t
i upon the resulta or not. The eugenlal ais?.
I believes thai many of the fit who are not
now permitteil t?> marrv should be allowed
to do Fo. such Include clergymen and. in
i England, nuraea
Dr. Ooddard, of Vlneiand, said to _ rap.
|iesfntati\e of The Tribune n few daya ago
Ire-gardlng eugenics ?n.i what im.? been
learned regar ling the transmissible charac?
teristics of the unfit :
"The ideal of eugenics BMBSJ to m?' to he
the building up ?if a higher race by the
elimination of the defectives and the im?
provement of the stock, in r?sped t?. th.
latter, I think, us we ?orne to know the laWI
of heredity their application will become
general among the Intelligent, and tha im?
provement of the rH.*?- win become self?
regulating. Those who are eonacfoita Of I
strain of undesirable charactetlstii-s which
are transmissible will then refrain from
marriage. I'p to the present time w<- have
insufficient accurate knowledge regarding
the influence of heredity, among the r.
sults Is that some are denying themselves
marriage needlessly. Take the matter ?>f
insanity. There are some kin.Is that are
transmissible ; some that are hot It Is not
clear In tegand to all of th.*m. Bugenista
are working on this new.
REACHING THE SOLUTION.
"That la just When the work of the e,.ja?
ulst comes In. The whole question of hered?
ity and environment needs to he thrashed
out. We have a study going pas jllMf "I1(nv
showing th.? two streams of environment
and heredity. There Is an enormous group
of degenerates mingled with the defectives.
I went to a S.I1....I a Weeh ?ir two ?,K? ;,??!
found a number of Children of low grado I
parante that ?tested almost normal. This i
suggested that the parent.?,, wn,, W(i_(i |>
aoma ?ases Of particularly KOOfl r a m 111 *** w.
?rere d?g?n?r?tes poswau. ?im i,Ufj Kone t,^
Pieces under the stress ?. environment
Outwardly yon cannot always tall the dif?
ferent. Tha defective and the degenerate
l????k much alike frequently. Then? |M still
much to be learned regarding the boundary
lino between heredity a.id environment
The two work tugetlmr. As Dr. c. U Dav?
enport says, however, if you plant wheat
you will always get wheat, but tf you plant
it In r"?r soil you will get poor wheat and
if In good soil you will get goo?l wheat.
"There has n??t been a great anvnint of
work don?* on different diseases. It has
leen confln?d chh^fly to epilepsy, some types
of insanity and fcMe-miml. l**ess. Proba?
bly there are a great many of our func?
tional diseases, like tuberculosis, which aro
rot transmissible, bul week Mnstltutlona
may be passed on. 1 believe that immunity
to given diseases mav also be transmitted.
'An acquaintance told me that then Wttt
<? rtaln aliments which never worried hint
?and t?i the cure of which he gave little
?are. knowing from his family history that
h?- ha?l little t?> fear from them. Mut his
familiarity with the causes of death In a
number of cases In his family le.l him to
take marked pre?mutton? irhanaver ailing
from anything which might lead to a Cer?
tain ?trouble. It Is not impossible that the
theory that the Jews, accustomed t?? l?f< n
I id anitary conditions in crowded ghettoes
for centuries, have become immune to tu?
bercular diseases and withstand th?*. peril*
of congestion in our cities better than thus-?
of other races. Dr. I?avenp-">rt is working
on the heredity of disease, but then Is a
?great deal to b- done.
SOURCE OF THE CRIMINAL.
Th* ?liminai. 1 think, is the product
of feeble-mindedness ami c;\\ Ironment If
von have a feeble niir.ileil person the prob?
abilities are trememlou.sly strong that he
"??. ill I econ-e a criminal. It would take a
pretty bad environment to make a crim?
inal out of a normal person. The w?i?l
'< riminul' might hist as well have been
omitted from the N'ew Jersey sterl!lzati?ui
lew, for the end woul?! have been gained
just as well ami there would be lei
tagOniStlc feeling regarding it Walle ?r*
hav?> not obtained all the data we want
on this subject, vet we have made several
little etuilcs which indi at? that at l?sai .
ter ? ent of the criminals are fech|e-min<l?*?l.
The superintendent of tn? HntJn u- f"im.i
tory eays he thinks that i? pet cent ??f his
inmates are feeble-minded Recently we
:esie?l ?ne hundred Juvenile Court chll?
dien in the detention house at Newark.
Of these, thirty-four were found to be
hackward, with tie chances that SOSSS of
tl em WOUld later prove to be feeble?
minded, atid the remainder were nil feeble?
minded. These children were taken Just
a> they came. No selection was male.
They were case? sufficiently important
I ?r detention for further disposition ?if
the ?ourt.
"Until recently we have never include*!
???nona the mental defectives the hip h
L-:,ide group. We have children who, to
the uninitlateil. would never be ?J**Cf*lh*d
i*i feeble-minded That group is nia?le
UP of at least 25 per cent of all the feehle
mlnded. A boy who has just left us >??;i
would say was a grumbler. You would
m rer think he was feeble-minde?), and bit
grouchlne** waa <>ne of the effects. He
i-- a marked menace to society. Relative
I) to this moron group the imb?cil? H
t .-o great n menace, for lie is more apt
t?. be placad In some Institution. These
tvpes are capable of giving birth t?> chhV
dun it i? queotloned by some whether
the low grade Idiot has the power to brin?*
? iiiiuren Into the vvor'd
"The menace of tin feeble-mindH and
the imbecile ?s illustrated ia the case >*' ?n
aimsh'iuse la Chester, I'.nn. when i rasde
te?ts. Then wen eight wane* in this be*
stitution. all of whom would be.-ome moth?
ers within six weeks. They were all im
l?e?ll?'S. They had cone there to be cared
for until their children were born, and
then they would go out. t?> conn- b*C_ 'he
following year in the same condition. When
the s clal workers ?want t* stir up the ani?
mals let th??m go nt the RllMhOUM propo
Slt'OH
AS REGARDS CRIMINALITY.
"I ?would not sa.v ahnlutsly that if ?*
pot rid of f? ehli -milideiliiess we W'.llll '"'
rbl tt all criminality, but we woul.l have
reduced It enormously. I suppose v.e ?liai I
always have criminality. The higher we
rl*a in lb? social scale the higher our
Ideals become, and what Is not now con
sideie.l criminal may be so consider?'?!
some time. The popular mind has taken up
l.oinbroso's theory very strongly, but I tt
not believe there In a criminal type ht
regards sterilization. w>? really <l<? not
know fully what the effect upon the sub?
ject will I??
The chief argument against the release
of a "**?*?*? who has been thus trente?! In
he might debauch persons who would oth?
erwise be kept sir.iight because of the fear
Of consequences. I am more and more-in
, lined t?> ? ??nr.ider this a bogey. Those who
?are ImiHn***! '?? ?leliauchery would not be
likely to be restrained by fear. As to the
physical and mental effect upon the su?>
Ject, there Is no evidence of bad effect
whatever. In Indiana about eight hundred
persons have been operate?! upon, about
half of them ?it their own request, tn th*
coure* of the last six or seven years. ?So
far as they have gone there Is not the
slightest evidence that the operation ha?
been of disadvantage to anybody.9