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A. WAE OF ENGLISH EMANCIPATION By Gilbert K. Chesterton. IIU4 that this was a universal oration, .nd to show there was _ ? no malice 1 began by oonsidermr it as a ( liberation. Fut this is the worst I <; - ?7-.V r.ation to ignore its own H -r.d ignorances, and I wish era in what way the war may m many insritutions It have made them less less respected abroad than . | r I een. Germen Empire is artificial, be As I have already S3id, in ,.f | ry it copied France?or , h monarchy. Similarly, in the ... it copied England?or : ire Its naval and flonial ambitions of late were in no way na . ind country with its noble pit? ?>t the song about the not upon that or anything like lordl snd tbe:r servants snt eye. Fast stands and >*!kestone. Hayling Island n(- . Hammersmith Broadw.y. but een watching to copy us long he? to destroy us I am not not wise fr>r practical reisons large fleet and a string of . there il much more to be said ?ern of policy (made in Eng ?ar?i - - - llower imperialism of Prus *eali_ed. But here I only ? ? e ra*-e and naturalness in the people, of whether thev draw ( snd -mack of the soil. And ous thst a navy for Ger ? as natural as a harbor for '? ? _rd. - I lest that 'be idea of colonies come? artsral I German instincts, however much it r.v to German ambitions. Of course, the - the doubt, ^s they dismiss all jring that they are the best the world, and that it is a shime e never had any colonies. Similar 1?. thc> ay they are the best sold:ers in the world, though so simple an operation as mark thc number of great cities the French have taken and comparing it with its -allel will show that the Prussians' da;T largely begins and ends with the fact ? - ? < took Paris, and do not seem I | .? twice. Similarly the cctalogue of ih colonies is an objective fact, not a theory; they are copying what we even if they think, for some mystical It they could do it better. The en ! nies in Germany is largely an ?;. but it is a very strenuous _K ! ive sometimes fancied that the Ger cribing tea, coffee, sugar, etc.. n "C ,oni_l goods" may have been meant to bring the political term into prominence, there would be something decidedly Prussian in Imputing a semi-official dignity derived from the great world markets to what we ar<- in the habit of regarding as a grocer. However this may be. there ran be no doubt that the new naval and colonial adventure of the Germans has been largely due to their taking the British Empire much more seri? ously than the British do. It is typical that the Germ.n Emperor is said to be a great admirer of Mr. Kipling. It is typical, because it exactly marks a certain Prussian power of knowing what is ^ooi, ! ut not what is best The Emperor, especially, I believe to be quite unlike the mustachioed Mrphi*-topheles of the pictures, and quite undeserving of the dignity of a diabolical Richelieu or Napoleon. I guess from all the accounts that he is simply a man who has a taste, yes. and a talent, for the se" ond rate, the kind of a man who makes weak jokes and says "Hey!" Now British imperialism o1 the grea' Kipling perol was a second rate thin.;, and it was a thing the Emperot could understand The notion of hiving, not a gal? lant or adventurous fleet like the S:*ani_rdr, or Eli. abfthans. but an invincible fleet, like the British Empire, he, a-"e more and* more the vision. It is a pity that the German Emperor give up his Eng lish admiral's uni form, for it was the pattern from which he cut out all his other coats. Now it is com mon human ex? perience that imi? tations of that sort leact on the thing imitated. If I find (as is un likely) that the whole fashionable world in my town admires and imi? tates my hat. it is not impossible that I may come to pay more attention to my hat than to my head. And when the Germans went in, not for envying English superiori ties, but for envy? ing English inferi? orities, it had a very bad effect up? on England itself Kipling was more import., m than Keats. A man is The Briiish Paradoxist Ties a .Mew 8 .ring' of Paradoxes About the Neck of Mis Country -??England, Me Says-, Must Escape From the Prese nt Empire of Apes?The War Will Break the False English Mirror of Flattery and Fear. said to have BSked "What are Keats?" but no one in those days asked "Who are Kipling?" Men knew all about the English colonies. ! ut tl ng about the English counties. It was the fashion to glorify the Brit'sh navy, be i .use it was large; but rather to sneer at the British army (which has appeared once or twice in history), because it was small. The Kaiser's strange and feminine outbreak about French's ridiculous little army is not without parallels among many of the old jingo jour? nalists of England, who could not see that a *^-.,-11 specialist army has advantages as well BS disadvantages. Had these imperialists known any history they would have known that the practice of lending good professional troops to our Allies on the Continent bad cuc ? reded many times before the successful re? treat from Mons or the successful charge across the Marne. In strict history there is much more scholarship and accuracy in the music, hall song which said "Our army may be little But they've learnt before to-day That a little British army Goes a damned long way." than there was in mere blind demands for the in .tant drilling of destitute mi'hons. who were to be taught the duties of soldiers without "As It a man looked into a mirror and saw a monkey." having been allowed the rights of citirens or even the common rations of men. But it is of the nature of imperialism that it hates history. If the Germans prevail, of course thtre will never be any history any more. There will only be one enormous fable eating up all the facts. When, for instance, one of the accepted and admired historians of a nation can talk seriously about "the per? fect religious tolerance of the Goths" then that nation is an uneducated nation, though it had a thousand universities. One might as well talk of the equal respect paid by tne Bengal tiger to Moslems and Hindus when they came into Bengal But if we decide on conscription us an ultimate solution we must do it in the light of memory and confession; we must realize the glories we have gained through a few poor Englishmen abroad, and ?*lso the infamies we have inflicted on the great mass of Englishmen at home There are m .ny other ways in which this war may be the deliverance of this country from its peculiar maladies. Merely because it is a war, it must eventually year down that weak and depraved patience which we call a respect of persons. Sooner or later it will be found that some really big blunder was made by the nephew of a Cabi? net Minister; that seme solidly ca? lamitous betrayal was made by the brother of a mill ior.aire. Sooner or hter the English will realize that such nephews must be sacked, that such brothers must be shot. Again, it will make impossi? ble forever the sort of social reform that has been bor? rowed from Ger? many; and which rests entirely on a notion of rapid organization which comes with the Prussians and which is utterly alien to the Eng? lish. But after 1870 it was vaguely felt that as the Prus? sian soldiers could kill people s o quickly, the Prus? sian doctors must be able to cure them as quickly. In the insurance act we applied the Prussian principle to a people to whom it is repugnant, and the broad result has been that the doctors, driven by deadly haste. killed much quicker than they cured There has been a great deal of bombastic nonsense talk? ed in modern works on meaner war?, about the spread of British justice and British order. The really patriotic Englishman will not pretend for a moment to be superior to the other great na? tions in these things But though the triumph of English law has often been unreal, the de? fence and defeat of English freedom have been very real indeed. The insurance act was the real Prus?ian invasion of England: very prob? ably the only one that w?ll ever happen. There are really many men of the best class and culture of England who would be tramps, or trespassers, or (if it comes to that) burglars rather than insured persons We have broken the great trinity of political truth, but we really have kept a third of it. We have loved liberty, though scarcely equality and trater nity. But the greatest benefit cf this great battle will remain what I have said It wll break for the English this false mirror of flattery and fear. It will destroy the magnetism of this second-hand British Empire, in which we be bold all that is bad about us: as if a man looked into a mirror and saw a monkey. This war is not, as is cxaggeratively said, the last war But it is the last mechanical conscript w?r. I? is the last war based on this machinery of monkeyish imitation, by which all men must fight and think and live and learn ;n the sanr* way. It is necessary for Europe, it is above all nicessary for England, that she should es cape from this empire of ape??. The "'old coun? try" must and will re-emcrge. English people sometimes smile at the interest of the culti vated American in ivy or old oak as a sort of solid solitude, su?.h as is praised in many, talcs cf Henry James. But the American is right, immeasurably more right than the fool? ish Germans or Englishmen who. until lately, were always visiting each other's town halls and tramway lines?which are much the same in all countries Whereas there are real En', lish things that have been forgotten by every? body, especially the English. The Prussians, having failed to capture the ring of the forts of Paris, seem to be proceed ing industriously and successfully with their attack on the ring of the cathedrals. If they wish to awaken our people as they have awak? ened the other, they should drop shells on the old inns of South England as they have dropped them on the old churches of North France. . . . There *is one thing I. nearly forgot. We may rescue Shakespeare. He has been captured by the Germans; arrested for a philosopher, or some such low fellow. But through wall within wall of a labyrinthine fortress of libraries I can hear him laughing ?till. WELL AMERICA CO-OPERATE WITH CHINA? The First Chinese Woman Physician Comes to Tell the United -States What It Does Not Know About China?For Japan, .She Asserts. Has _Lied to America A_j>ov4.t Her Country. *?\\ r ran? you ,0 hear China's s'de \.\ ? United States h: s always " I ?cen kind to me, and will not BBSM ? ten t . what I say. We are com? ing closer ? you really; we have always been doser ? . i, ?a our form of government than you ?now. You ask me whether we ire to ren ?tin a republic. What does it mat? ter wru* c 4?ail it so long as we have the a. Yuan Shi-Kai has been made Presi? dent for ten years, of which only three have F?ssed. lie is doing wonderful thmgs for China; it is the reconstruction period and China . anting, for we are a nation t..t fee So there is no excitement? aid the which must talk about some every now and ther. with the ?cuesti?n: Will he be made Emperor?' In Crina ?f <-, because we know it is just tfk; but here you take it seriously. Your Perica* ? lea of advertising convinces you ?'?t t ? kes a difference whether we call republic or a monarchy. To us ?? does ; ? matter, because we have democ? racy." Un il ti . . e-.tle and modest, is Dr. ?'??me; Ku yet she was the first woman of art tountrj to take a medical degree?at tue W?*nai I College of the New York irfnaar) Women and Children?and, ?"er tv. - poet graduate wark she re * ? and received permission to -lodern hospital there. But *'*"e was a condition attached, that all ma employed should be Chinese. ^?tt rr.ade difficulties at the outset, and they *ert ?surmounted only when Dr. Kin herself '???gated the buddings, drew up the plans for ?Wing, water supply and plumbing, and per? tly superintended the actual work of con "-"-Uion For Dr. Kin. in her simple Chinese ?Be and her unhurried Oriental manner, JhW of American "hustle"?and, by the way. 141 Plenty of hank American humor. Just bow she has come to the United ****? to tell us what we do not know about ****? China and thai is a very great deal. But I represent no faction and I hold no y hl the government," says Dr. Kin. "I ^*? come to speak for the people of China ^?e come to tay: You. the people of the ?wbbbI States, you know that- we do not live "* fighting You know that modern wat is a 'lr of commerce, not of killing. Fighting **** solves any problems; it destroys life 9 breeds hate, and the problems remain ???Ived?for. after all, no matter how much ** "ay kill, the market will go to the best *!if*r iM ,he end. "? aJwsys have had a good deal more democracy than other nations realized. W have no hereditary nobility, for example. / man leceives a title when he has done some thing memorable; but unless his son doei something memorable, too. the son's rani is less than the father's, so that a man fifteer generations descended from a reigning princ? may be a commoner. And over the door o: every school there is written: '..emembei that the prime minister is made, not born.' "The dynasties, you know, were afraid ol despotism because they knew the people would rebel, so they relinquished gradually most of the power of direct government to the heads of provinces, reserving what amounted to little more than the right of absolute veto; for every time there was a change of dynasty the country ran with blood. This time?be? cause we are, like you. a peaceful people?the dynasty resigned; and they said: 'We, re? tiring because we believe it is the wish of the people that we should retire, delegate to you, our people, the prime minister who has aided us. in order that in turn he may aid you ' "And that." says Dr. Kin, "was Yuan Shi Kai. From the st rt the power was his, for no reason except that he is just and sane and that his motto has bee.i not to involve the helpless common people in bloodshed. Of course, the southern provinces were not loyal. They wanted to rule. But the south should not rule. It is not in hist-ry, it is not in nature, that the people of hot countries should rule. "However in order to avoid bloodshed. Yuan Shi-Kai arbitrated with them. He was only dissuaded, too, from going to treat whh them m i er_o;i when a ?lot to murder him resulted in the death of : ome of his aitendjnts. Even then he was willing to arbitrate, and so he let Sun Yat-Sen become a leader. It was only necessary that Sun Yat-Sen should have enough rope for him to hang himself. He began with his ridiculous plan to duplicate every railroad in existence in China?literally to run other systems parallel to those which we had?instead of building new ones in other directions. And that fell through. And other plans of his fell through, while Yuan Shi-Kai looked on. But when Sun Yat-Sen planned to raise an army of Japanese to conquer the disloyal provinces, at bist Yuan Shi-Kai put bis foot down. It was the right moment, for people had seen for themselves that he was just no good. And now they say in China: Sun Yat-Sen, we have no OSS for you!' "But we have a great deal of use for Yuan Shi-Kai At first the people did not under stand him. for be discouraged them when they resented the insults of the Japanese And they SCCUSS bim of suppressing news, of main? taining an arbitrary censorship over the press. Dr. Yaniei Kin, who says a commercial war should be made with ' commerce and not with human lives. It is true that he does this?but it is because he dors not -Hah the newspapers to inflame the people against the Japanese. This is no time for us to go to war with Japan, when . | ..-e is at war. We must stand alone. w. must feed ourselves, we must keep our , .. : ir alive. Who in Europe would listen to |s now? So we say to the people: 'If the !_pantse insult you. do not hear! Tend youi rion__and buy nothing of Japan. Your time v,,'l tome!' ?but when our time comes 1 hope there will not be war," says Dr Kin. "We Chinese are a peaceful people. We rise only when our wrongs become intolerable. "Japan says to us that we must join her to make war upo- the wnite race. When they made that proposition to me I told them that the time was pa_t when foreigners could be kept on the other side of the Caucasus. The white race is here on earth to stay. Why waste our energy in fighting them? Why no^learn ?o get along' They ha e m_1e mistakes, and ao have we. The process of evolution is going There Es No More Duelling'Among Individ? uals,, So Why Should There Still Be Fight? ing Between Nations, Yamei Kin Wishes to Know as She Pleads tor Interracial Tolerance. on in both of us. Why not be tolerant and try to understand how it is going on in them? Individuals learn to live without violence. There is no more duelling among individuals. Why should there be fighting between nations' "Japan has lied to you and we want you to hear our side. We want you to hear about the treaty she made with us which sounded so liberal to you, but by the terms of which she secured control of the maritime customs, of taxes, of large tracts of land; we want you to know of the soldiers sent by Japan to help the government, who changed their uniforms in broad daylight and went over to the other side when the insurgents seemed successful? and more. "And when you have heard all this I want to say to the United States: You, too, are a peaceful people. Will you help China to make war in the peaceful Orient,1 way?to make a war of commerce by making war with com? merce and not with human lives?" rencn ^ro?*?* S on an American Art ? ..iiiuiiicl (rum isasag paf??. He shrugged his shoulders. "That I cannot ^ay. Pioneers must always expect to be mis? understood. It is a matter of great indiffer? ence to me what criticism is printed in the j apers and the magazines. I am simply work? ing out my own ideas in my own way. Those who do not understand what it is we ere at? tempting to portray simply cannot be shown. I cannot explain my paintings. Either one grasps their purport or one doesn't. To any ore admitting an incapacity to understand this art. I say: Stu-'y all the paintings of the genre you can. It is only through constnt observa? tion that the plan becomes clear." Monsieur Duchamp expressed himself as de? lighted with America. "I adore New York," he said. "There is much about it which is like the Paris of the old days. Many artists have come over, and I think many more will come. As I said, I can paint wherever chance sets me down. I am perfectly emancipated in that regard. But I must admit the atmosphere of Paris just now is not such as to inspire artists." Among the more noted of this artist's work is a study of chess players and of a king and a queen. These are highly interesting paint? ings and exemplify some of Duchamp's strongly individual ideals. "You will observe, in the picture of the chess players," he remarked "that a very in t.nse absorption in the (?ame is evinced. This is nrod'i :e 1 by a te . **n.que which must be visioned to be ur.deritno '.. The impression of watchers, who form the background, is con? veyed in the same manner. With this king and queen," he continued, turning to the other picture, "sex is established by the same method of suggestion. To me the execution of the km?, is very much more masculine than th_t of the queen. Motion, you will observe, is supplied bv a procession of rapidly moving nudes. Jl course, both of these pictures are fruit o i epoch in my life which is past. There ?. nothing static about my manner of ?working 1 am never deceived myself into thinking that I have at length hit upon the ultimate expression In the midst of each epoch I fully realize that a new epoch will d ;wn. "Regarding the attitude of the public toward my work, and, indeed, to all the work of this genre, I think it is more the execution than the spirit which is misunderstood and net com? prehended. At the bottom, we are all working toward the same goal. Mere details of exe cution do not constitute the real spirit of ait. Every arti.t has his own way of working with the materials at hand. For my part, the fact that my ideals reflect a period of growths proves that the spirit of art may be approached ? rom many angles. Until all have been tried, it it impossible to affirm, with any degree of veracity, that the manner haa been achieved. Art is all a matter of personality." "lbs Nude Descending the Stair," in the finished state, with which the public is fa? miliar, did not apring into being without inter? mediate steps. Marcel Duchamp has in bi-. studio a photograph of an earlier treatment ot the same theme, which affords an interest? ing comnanscn. Ranging the two ?tudies aide by aide makes very apparent the expenditure of much thought between the conception of the idea in the first place and its ultimate treat? ment. The latter is much more powerful and moving. Also it is worked out more subtly, expanding, in a number of salient directions, wh.a the earlier atudy rather hinted- than ex? presaed.